Ecological cycle planting and breeding method for free-range chickens, ryegrass and tenebrio molitor

Abstract

The invention discloses an ecological cycle planting and breeding method for free-range chickens, ryegrass and tenebrio molitor, and belongs to the field of agricultural ecological breeding. According to the method, perennial tetraploid ryegrass is planted, fresh grass and tenebrio molitor are used for feeding native chickens, chicken manure and ryegrass waste are mixed and fermented to breed the tenebrio molitor, then the tenebrio molitor manure and the chicken manure are fermented to prepare organic fertilizer for ryegrass planting, and a grass-insect-chicken-fertilizer closed-loop system is formed. According to the method, the feed cost is reduced by 40-50%, the slaughtering period of the free-range chickens is shortened by 10-15 days, the annual yield of the ryegrass reaches 8-10 tons / mu, the comprehensive income per mu is increased by 3000-5000 yuan, 100% utilization of waste is achieved, the use of chemical fertilizer is reduced by 90% or above, and the method is suitable for large-scale popularization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of agricultural ecological breeding technology, and in particular to an ecological cycle breeding system that combines free-range chickens, ryegrass planting and mealworm breeding, thereby achieving efficient utilization of agricultural resources and environmentally friendly production. Background Art

[0002] There are four major pain points in the current free-range chicken farming model: (1) High feed costs: Relying on purchased commercial feed, the price of protein raw materials (such as soybean meal and fish meal) fluctuates greatly, and the breeding benefits are unstable; (2) Environmental pollution: Random storage of chicken manure leads to loss of nitrogen and phosphorus, polluting the soil and water, and breeding pests and diseases; (3) Low land utilization rate: Breeding and planting are disconnected, land, straw and other resources are not recycled, and the added value is low; (4) Frequent occurrence of pests and diseases: The single farming model is prone to causing epidemics and requires frequent use of antibiotics.

[0003] Ryegrass is a high-quality green fodder with fast growth and high yield, but it is traditionally used solely as a single feed, not integrated into the farming process. While mealworms are used as a high-protein feed, their culture medium often relies on grains like bran, which is costly and prone to waste. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an integrated "planting-farming-waste utilization" ecological cycle to address these issues. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to provide an efficient and coordinated ecological farming method to achieve the following: j. Replacing part of commercial feed with ryegrass and mealworms to reduce the cost of raising native chickens; k. Raising mealworms through chicken manure and ryegrass waste to realize waste resource utilization; l. Using mealworm feces and chicken manure fermented fertilizer to grow ryegrass to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and form a closed-loop cycle; m. Improving the output quality of native chickens, mealworms and ryegrass to improve the overall economic benefits.

[0005] The present invention constructs a circulation system of "ryegrass planting → native chicken / mealworm feeding → chicken manure / ryegrass waste → mealworm breeding → insect manure / chicken manure fermentation → ryegrass planting", and the specific technical scheme is as follows.

[0006] Ryegrass planting: (1) Variety selection: Use perennial tetraploid ryegrass (such as the "super high" and "fertile soil" varieties), which have a biomass yield that is more than 30% higher than that of diploid varieties and a crude protein content of 18-22%; (2) Planting management: Select loam or sandy loam with flat terrain and good drainage, with a pH value of 6.0-7.5; sow in rows in September and October each year, with a row spacing of 20-30 cm, a sowing rate of 1.5-2 kg / mu, and a covering soil of 1-2 cm; harvest for the first time when the seedlings are 30-40 cm tall, leaving a stubble of 5-8 cm, and then harvest every 30-40 days, with a total of 6-8 harvests per year; use mealworm feces and chicken manure fermented fertilizer as base fertilizer (application rate 1000 kg / mu), and apply 250 kg / mu of fermented fertilizer after each harvest.

[0007] Free range chickens: (1) Breed selection: local chicken breeds (such as three-yellow chicken and black-bone chicken); (2) Stocking density: 100-120 per mu, divided into 3-4 breeding areas for rotational grazing (each area is raised for 50-60 days); (3) Feed configuration: Chicks (0-4 weeks): 50% corn flour + 20% soybean meal + 15% fresh ryegrass (chopped) + 15% mealworm larvae; Growing chickens (5 weeks to market): 30% fresh ryegrass + 20% mealworm larvae / pupae + 40% corn flour + 10% bran; (4) Feeding method: Feed once in the morning and once in the evening every day. Fresh grass can be eaten freely. Ensure sufficient clean drinking water (with 0.1% probiotics added).

[0008] Mealworm farming: (1) Breeding substrate: Mix chicken manure and ryegrass harvest waste (crushed) in a ratio of 3:2, add 0.5% EM inoculant and ferment for 5-7 days as larval feed; (2) Breeding conditions: temperature 25-30°C, humidity 60-70%, dark environment (avoid strong light); (3) Feeding management: Larval stage: Place 1 kg of eggs per square meter, add fresh ryegrass leaves (accounting for 10% of the substrate) every day, and keep the substrate moist; Pupa stage: Collect mature larvae and place them in pupation boxes. Collect the pupae after 7-10 days, keep some for seed, and use the rest as feed for native chickens; (4) Collection of insect feces: Screen out insect feces every week and mix them with chicken manure for fermentation.

[0009] Circulation system construction-material flow path: (1) Harvest fresh ryegrass and feed it to chickens directly, and crush the waste (old leaves and straw) to feed mealworms; (2) Farmed mealworm larvae / pupae are used as high-protein feed for free-range chickens; (3) Collect chicken manure from free-range chickens and mix it with ryegrass waste for fermentation to feed mealworms; (4) Mix the mealworm feces and free-range chicken manure, add EM bacteria and ferment for 15-20 days to make organic fertilizer, which is then returned to the field for use as ryegrass fertilizer.

[0010] Repeat the above steps

[0006] -

[0009] to construct an ecological circulation system through the ecological circulation breeding method of free-range chickens, mealworms and ryegrass.

[0011] Significantly improved economic benefits: (1) Feed costs are reduced by 40-50% (reducing the use of corn, soybean meal, fish meal, etc.); (2) The time it takes for native chickens to be marketed is shortened by 10-15 days, and the survival rate is increased to over 95%; (3) The annual ryegrass yield reaches 8-10 tons / mu, which can meet the green feed needs of 2,000 native chickens; (4) The comprehensive income per mu (local chicken + ryegrass + mealworms) increases by 3,000-5,000 yuan compared with the traditional model.

[0012] Significant ecological benefits: (1) The utilization rate of chicken manure and ryegrass waste reached 100%, reducing the use of chemical fertilizers by more than 95%; (2) The breeding process has zero emissions, and the soil organic matter content increases by 0.5-1 percentage points annually; (3) The incidence of pests and diseases is reduced by 40% (reducing the use of pesticides), meeting the green agriculture standards.

[0013] Strong technical operability: (1) Ryegrass has strong adaptability and is suitable for cultivation in most areas of my country; (2) The technology of mealworm breeding is simple and can be used to scale up production in idle houses; (3) The recycling system is easy to replicate and suitable for promotion and application by farmers and cooperatives. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] To facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art, the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the circulation system and material flow path involved in the present invention. For details of the material flow path, please refer to step

[0009] . DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] A 10-mu forest land in Ruichang City, Jiangxi Province was selected and divided into: 6 mu of ryegrass planting area; 3 mu of free-range chicken area (divided into 3 rotational grazing areas, 1 mu each); and 1 mu of mealworm breeding area (a simple breeding shed was built and equipped with shelf-type breeding boxes).

[0017] Ryegrass planting: (1) In mid-September, the land was plowed and 1000 kg of fermented fertilizer mixed with mealworm feces and chicken manure was applied per mu; (2) Sowing "super high" tetraploid ryegrass, with a row spacing of 25 cm, a sowing rate of 2 kg / mu, and a covering soil of 1-2 cm; (3) The first harvest is in early November (seedling height is about 35 cm), leaving a stubble of about 5 cm. The fresh grass is used to feed chickens and mealworms; (4) Within 3 days after each harvest, apply 250 kg of fermented fertilizer per mu and water to maintain moisture.

[0018] Native chicken farming: (1) Purchase 500 1-5 day old black-bone chicken chicks and raise them in a brooding house until they are 4 weeks old (temperature control: 33°C in the first week, lowered by 2°C to 20°C each week); (2) After 4 weeks of age, the juveniles were transferred to rotational grazing area 1 with a density of 100 per mu. The daily feeding was as follows: morning: fresh ryegrass (30%) + mealworm larvae (15%) + cornmeal (55%); evening: mealworm pupae (20%) + cornmeal (40%) + bran (10%) + fresh ryegrass (30%). (3) After 60 days of age, the pigs are transferred to rotational grazing area 2 and the above feeding is repeated. They are marketed at 120 days of age.

[0019] Mealworm farming: (1) Cultivation box specifications: 64cm×38cm×10cm, shelf spacing 40cm; (2) Substrate preparation: 300 kg chicken manure + 200 kg ryegrass waste (crushed) + 2.5 kg EM inoculant, fermented for 6 days; (3) 0.1 kg of mealworm eggs were placed in each box, the substrate thickness was 5 cm, the temperature was controlled at 28°C, and the humidity was 65%; (4) Add young ryegrass leaves (accounting for 10% of the substrate) daily. When the larvae grow to 3-4 cm, screen them out and feed them to chickens. The mature larvae are collected and pupated. (5) Screen out the insect feces every week and mix it with fresh chicken manure in a ratio of 1:1 for the preparation of ryegrass fermented fertilizer. Implementation Effect

[0020] (1) Ryegrass: harvested 7 times a year, with a total yield of 65 tons and an average yield of 10.8 tons per mu; (2) Free-range chickens: market weight 1.5-2 kg / piece, feed-to-meat ratio 2.8:1, survival rate 96%; (3) Mealworm: Every 500kg of substrate can produce 100kg of larvae / pupae and 200kg of insect feces; (4) Fertilizer: 8 tons of fermented fertilizer were produced throughout the year to meet the fertilizer needs of 6 mu of ryegrass, and no chemical fertilizers were used.

Claims

1. An ecological breeding method for free-range chickens, ryegrass and mealworms, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Planting polyploid ryegrass, using fresh grass to feed chickens and mealworms, and crushing the waste to use as a culture medium for mealworms; (2) Free-range chickens, whose feed consists of fresh polyploid ryegrass (30-50%), mealworm larvae / pupae (15-20%) and energy feed (corn flour, bran); (3) Cultivating mealworms, using a mixed fermentation matrix of chicken manure and ryegrass waste as feed; (4) Mix and ferment mealworm feces with native chicken feces to make organic fertilizer for polyploid ryegrass cultivation, forming an ecological cycle.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The ryegrass is a tetraploid ryegrass variety, with a sowing rate of 1.5-2 kg / mu. It is harvested when the seedlings are 30-40 cm high, leaving a stubble of 5-8 cm.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein: In the native chicken feed, the mealworm larvae account for 15% in the chick stage, and the mealworm larvae / pupae account for 15-20% in the rearing stage.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The mealworm breeding matrix is ​​prepared by mixing chicken manure and ryegrass waste in a ratio of 3:2, adding 0.5% EM bacterial agent and fermenting for 5-7 days.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing yellow mealworm feces and native chicken feces in a ratio of 1:1, adding EM bacterial agent and fermenting for 15-20 days, and the application amount is 1000kg / mu as base fertilizer and 250kg / mu as topdressing.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The native chicken breeding density is 100-120 per mu, and 3-4 breeding areas are used for rotational grazing, with each area breeding for 50-60 days.

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