A spiderweb-like multi-microporous waterproof and breathable coated fabric, its preparation method and application

Abstract

This invention discloses a spiderweb-like multi-microporous waterproof and breathable coated fabric, its preparation method, and its application, belonging to the field of fabric finishing technology. The preparation of the spiderweb-like multi-microporous waterproof and breathable coated fabric involves immersing the fabric in a low surface energy polymer coating liquid; then transferring the immersed fabric to a constant temperature and humidity chamber for pore structure cultivation under the following conditions: relative humidity (RH) of 70%–99%, temperature of 15℃–50℃, and time of 0.5–5 hours; afterwards, the fabric is removed and allowed to dry at room temperature, thus obtaining the spiderweb-like multi-microporous waterproof and breathable coated fabric. The coated fabric obtained by this method has interconnected pores resembling a spiderweb morphology, with a large number of pores, enabling rapid moisture transfer and exhibiting high waterproofness, breathability, and air permeability. It is expected to meet the high protection and high comfort requirements of medical protective clothing, outdoor sports equipment, and wound dressings.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a spiderweb-like multi-microporous waterproof and breathable coated fabric, its preparation method and application, belonging to the field of fabric finishing technology. Background Technology

[0002] Waterproof and breathable textiles are functional fabrics that can prevent the penetration of external liquid water under certain pressure, but allow sweat from the skin to be transmitted to the outside in the form of water vapor. They can be widely used in many fields such as surgical protective clothing, outdoor clothing, and wound dressings.

[0003] Currently, waterproof and breathable fabrics mainly include the following three types: (1) high-density fabrics, which are made by reducing the pores between fibers through a high warp and weft density weaving structure; (2) laminated fabrics, which are made by laminating a waterproof and breathable film with multiple layers of fabric; and (3) coated fabrics, which are made by coating a polymer material onto the surface of a base fabric. Among them, the pores between the yarns of high-density waterproof and breathable fabrics are relatively large, resulting in lower waterproof performance; the film manufacturing and lamination processes involved in laminated waterproof and breathable fabrics are complicated, resulting in high processing costs and difficulty in meeting the price demands of mass consumers. Coated waterproof and breathable fabrics have unique advantages such as simple processing, excellent waterproof performance, and low cost, which have attracted continuous attention from market applications and scientific research.

[0004] For example, Chinese patent CN103628322A discloses a processing method for high peel strength raincoat fabric. This method prepares waterproof and breathable coated raincoat fabric by directly dry coating the bottom and top layers of the fabric. However, the coated fabric is dense and non-porous, resulting in a low moisture permeability (<1839 gm). -2 d -1 Chinese patent CN102605623A discloses a method for preparing waterproof and breathable coated fabrics. This method improves the breathability (4460~4730 g m) of the waterproof and breathable coated fabrics by utilizing cellulose ethers or their derivatives to form breathable micropores in the coating film. -2 d -1 However, the micropores in this waterproof and breathable coating are few and do not extend to the upper and lower surfaces of the coating. It is not a through-hole structure that can quickly transfer moisture, so it is difficult to further improve its breathability and cannot effectively transfer air, which has an adverse effect on the timely discharge of human sweat and moisture and the comfort of wearing the fabric.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop high-performance waterproof and breathable coatings with multi-microporous structures. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the problems of poor pore connectivity and low moisture permeability in existing textile coating technologies, this invention provides a spiderweb-like multi-micropore waterproof and breathable coated fabric and its preparation method. This coated fabric has interconnected pores resembling a spiderweb, with a large number of pores, enabling rapid moisture transfer. It exhibits high waterproofness, moisture permeability, and breathability, and is expected to meet the high protection and high comfort requirements of medical protective clothing, outdoor sports equipment, and wound dressings.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the following technical solution is provided:

[0008] The first objective of this invention is to provide a method for preparing a spiderweb-like multi-microporous waterproof and breathable coated fabric, the method comprising the following steps:

[0009] Step 1: Immerse the fabric in a low surface energy polymer coating liquid until the fabric is completely soaked in the low surface energy polymer coating liquid;

[0010] Step 2: Transfer the fabric soaked in Step 1 to a constant temperature and humidity chamber for pore structure cultivation. Then, take out the fabric and let it dry at room temperature to obtain a spider web-like multi-microporous waterproof and breathable coating fabric.

[0011] In one embodiment, the preparation process of the low surface energy polymer coating liquid in step 1 is as follows: polyurethane particles and a hydrophobic agent are added to tetrahydrofuran and stirred thoroughly to obtain the low surface energy polymer coating liquid.

[0012] In one embodiment, the mass percentage of polyurethane in the low surface energy polymer coating liquid of step 1 is 1-9 wt%; preferably 1-7 wt%; more preferably 5-7 wt%.

[0013] In one embodiment, the hydrophobic agent in the low surface energy polymer coating liquid of step 1 has a mass percentage of 0.5-12 wt%; more preferably 3.0-12 wt%; and more preferably 3-5 wt%.

[0014] In one embodiment, the fabric described in step 1 is one or more of polyester, nylon, and cotton textiles.

[0015] In one embodiment, the hydrophobic agent in step 1 is one or more of fluorinated polyurethane, long-chain fluorinated polyurethane, fluorinated acrylate copolymer, and fluorine-free organosilicon compound.

[0016] In one embodiment, the relative humidity (RH) for pore structure culture in the constant temperature and humidity chamber described in step 2 is 70%~99%; more preferably 80~95%; and even more preferably 90~95%.

[0017] In one embodiment, the temperature for pore structure culture in the constant temperature and humidity chamber described in step 2 is 15°C to 50°C; more preferably 30°C to 40°C; and even more preferably 35°C.

[0018] In one embodiment, the time for pore structure culture in the constant temperature and humidity chamber described in step 2 is 0.5 to 5 hours; more preferably 1 to 2 hours.

[0019] In one embodiment, the preferred conditions for pore structure culture in the constant temperature and humidity chamber described in step 2 are: relative humidity of 80-95%, temperature of 30-40℃, and time of 1-4h.

[0020] In one embodiment, the relative humidity (RH) for pore structure culture in the constant temperature and humidity chamber described in step 2 is 90-95%, the temperature is 30-40°C, and the time is 1-2 hours.

[0021] A second objective of this invention is to provide a spiderweb-like multi-microporous waterproof and breathable coated fabric obtained by the method described above.

[0022] In one embodiment, the moisture permeability of the spiderweb-like multi-microporous waterproof and breathable coating fabric is 5014~5472 gm. -2 d -1 Hydrostatic pressure resistance is 262~624 mmH2O, and air permeability is 3.3~9.2 mmS. -1 .

[0023] The third objective of this invention is to provide an application of the aforementioned spiderweb-like multi-microporous waterproof and breathable coated fabric in the fields of medical protective clothing, outdoor clothing, wound dressings, and wearable devices.

[0024] A fourth objective of this invention is to provide a method for improving the waterproof, moisture-permeable, and breathable properties of coated fabrics, the method comprising the following steps:

[0025] Step 1: Immerse the fabric in a low surface energy polymer coating liquid until the fabric is completely soaked in the low surface energy polymer coating liquid; the preparation process of the low surface energy polymer coating liquid is as follows: add polyurethane particles and hydrophobic agent to tetrahydrofuran and stir thoroughly to obtain the low surface energy polymer coating liquid;

[0026] Step 2: Transfer the fabric soaked in Step 1 to a constant temperature and humidity chamber for pore structure cultivation. Then, remove the fabric and let it dry at room temperature to obtain a spider web-like multi-microporous waterproof and breathable coating fabric. The preferred conditions for pore structure cultivation in the constant temperature and humidity chamber are: relative humidity of 80-95%, temperature of 30-40℃, and time of 1-4h.

[0027] Beneficial effects:

[0028] This invention provides a spiderweb-like multi-microporous waterproof and breathable coated fabric and its preparation method. The method involves transferring a fabric impregnated with a low surface energy polymer coating liquid to a constant temperature and humidity environment to cultivate a spiderweb-like multi-microporous structure. A pore-forming template is formed through the condensation and growth of water vapor on the surface of the ultra-thin coating liquid under high humidity and the dynamic rearrangement of water droplets, inducing the formation of a spiderweb-like multi-microporous structure. Simultaneously, during solvent evaporation, fluorinated segments migrate and accumulate on the coating surface, reducing the surface energy of the resulting coating and improving the hydrophobicity of the material. Ultimately, a coated fabric with high waterproofness, breathability, and air permeability is obtained. Compared with existing technologies, this method has the following advantages:

[0029] (1) The coating has abundant network microporous features;

[0030] (2) The coating has a connected pore structure and small pore size;

[0031] (3) The coated fabric made using the present invention has excellent moisture transfer properties and can be used for functional textiles that meet the requirements of high moisture permeability and breathability.

[0032] (4) The preparation method is simple and the processing parameters are easy to control, which can be extended to large-scale and industrialized production. Attached Figure Description

[0033] Figure 1 This is a SEM image of the surface morphology of the coated textile obtained in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 The image shows the surface morphology of the coated textile obtained in Comparative Example 1 using SEM. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. The specific embodiments described below further illustrate the present invention.

[0036] The testing method involved in this invention:

[0037] (1) Characterization of microscopic morphology and structure

[0038] The microstructure of the obtained samples was characterized using a scanning electron microscope (Hitachi TM3030).

[0039] (2) Waterproofing test

[0040] The hydrostatic pressure resistance of the samples was tested using a fabric permeability tester (YG(B)812) according to GB / T 4744-2013 "Test and Evaluation of Waterproof Performance of Textiles - Hydrostatic Pressure Method".

[0041] (3) Moisture permeability test

[0042] The moisture permeability of the samples was tested using a fabric moisture permeability meter (YG601H-II) according to the inverted cup water method specified in GB / T 12704.2-2009 "Textiles - Test Methods for Moisture Permeability of Fabrics - Part 2: Evaporation Method".

[0043] (4) Air permeability test

[0044] The air permeability of the samples was tested using a fully automatic air permeability meter (YG461G) in accordance with GB / T5453-1997 "Determination of air permeability of textile fabrics".

[0045] The source of raw materials involved in this invention:

[0046] The polyurethane is an ether-based thermoplastic polyurethane (model 9370AU), purchased from Covestro Polymers (China) Co., Ltd.

[0047] Low surface energy polymers, including conventional fluorinated polyurethanes (model QF66-4), long-chain fluorinated polyurethanes (QF99-4), fluorinated acrylate copolymers (model GF-8500), and fluorine-free organosilicon compounds (model HG-220), were purchased from Taifu Chemical Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.

[0048] Example 1

[0049] A method for preparing a spiderweb-like multi-microporous waterproof and breathable coated fabric includes the following steps:

[0050] (1) Preparation of low surface energy polymer coating liquid

[0051] 25g of polyurethane and 25g of fluorinated polyurethane were dissolved in 450g of tetrahydrofuran solvent and stirred at room temperature for 6 hours to obtain a low surface energy polymer coating liquid.

[0052] (2) Impregnation finishing of textiles in low surface energy polymer coating liquid

[0053] The polyester textile was immersed in the low surface energy polymer coating liquid obtained in step (1) for 4 minutes, so that the textile was fully and uniformly soaked in the coating liquid; the textile was obtained by impregnating the low surface energy polymer coating liquid.

[0054] (3) Pore structure formation of textiles impregnated with coating liquid under constant temperature and humidity.

[0055] The textile obtained in step (2) is placed in a constant temperature and humidity environment of 35℃ and 95 RH% for 1 hour. After that, it is taken out and left to dry at room temperature to obtain a spider web-like multi-microporous waterproof and breathable coated fabric.

[0056] The microstructure of the coated fabric material prepared in this embodiment is as follows: Figure 1 As shown. The resulting coated fabric has a hydrostatic pressure resistance of 560 mmH2O and a moisture permeability of 5365 gm. -2 d -1 The air permeability is 5.8 mm² / s. -1 .

[0057] Example 2

[0058] The only difference from Example 1 is that the humidity in the constant temperature and humidity chamber in step (3) is 70%, 80%, and 90%, respectively, while other parameters and conditions are the same as in Example 1.

[0059] The properties of the coated fabric obtained in this embodiment are shown in Table 1:

[0060] Table 1. Properties of Coated Fabrics

[0061]

[0062] Example 3

[0063] The only difference from Example 1 is that the temperature in the constant temperature and humidity chamber in step (3) is 20℃, 30℃ and 40℃ respectively, and the other parameters and conditions are the same as in Example 1.

[0064] The properties of the coated fabric obtained in this embodiment are shown in Table 2:

[0065] Table 2. Properties of Coated Fabrics

[0066]

[0067] Example 4

[0068] The only difference from Example 1 is that the time spent in the constant temperature and humidity chamber in step (3) is 0.5h, 2h and 4h respectively, while the other parameters and conditions are the same as in Example 1.

[0069] The properties of the coated fabric obtained in this embodiment are shown in Table 3:

[0070] Table 3. Properties of Coated Fabrics

[0071]

[0072] Example 5

[0073] The only difference from Example 1 is that the amount of polyurethane added in step (1) is set to 5g, 15g and 35g respectively, while other parameters and conditions are the same as in Example 1.

[0074] The properties of the coated fabric obtained in this embodiment are shown in Table 4:

[0075] Table 4. Properties of Coated Fabrics

[0076]

[0077] Example 6

[0078] The only difference from Example 1 is that the amount of hydrophobic fluorinated polyurethane added in step (1) is set to 6g, 18g and 54g respectively, while other parameters and conditions are the same as in Example 1.

[0079] The properties of the coated fabric obtained in this embodiment are shown in Table 5:

[0080] Table 5. Properties of Coated Fabrics

[0081]

[0082] Example 7

[0083] The only difference from Example 1 is that the hydrophobic fluorinated polyurethane in step (1) is replaced with low-carbon fluorinated polyurethane, long-chain fluorinated polyurethane, and fluorinated acrylate copolymer, respectively. All other parameters and conditions are the same as in Example 1.

[0084] The properties of the coated fabric obtained in this embodiment are shown in Table 6:

[0085] Table 6. Properties of Coated Fabrics

[0086]

[0087] Comparative Example 1

[0088] A method for preparing a coated fabric includes the following steps:

[0089] (1) Preparation of low surface energy polymer coating liquid

[0090] 50g of polyurethane and 25g of fluorinated polyurethane were dissolved in 425g of tetrahydrofuran solvent and stirred at room temperature for 6 hours to obtain a low surface energy polymer coating liquid.

[0091] (2) Impregnation finishing of textiles in low surface energy polymer coating liquid

[0092] The polyester textile was immersed in the low surface energy polymer coating liquid obtained in step (1) for 4 minutes, so that the textile was fully and evenly soaked in the coating liquid, and the textile was soaked in the low surface energy polymer coating liquid.

[0093] (3) Pore structure formation of textiles impregnated with coating liquid under constant temperature and humidity.

[0094] After removing the polyester textile impregnated with the low surface energy polymer coating liquid obtained in step (2), place it in a constant temperature and humidity environment of 35°C and 95% RH. After 1 hour, remove it and let it stand at room temperature to dry, thus obtaining the coated fabric.

[0095] The microstructure of the coated fabric material is as follows: Figure 2 As shown.

[0096] Comparative Example 2

[0097] A method for preparing a coated fabric includes the following steps:

[0098] (1) Preparation of polyurethane coating liquid

[0099] 25g of polyurethane was dissolved in 475g of tetrahydrofuran solvent and stirred at room temperature for 6 hours to obtain a polyurethane coating liquid.

[0100] (2) Finishing of textiles by impregnation in polyurethane coating solution

[0101] The polyester textile was immersed in the polyurethane coating liquid obtained in step (1) for 4 minutes, so that the textile was fully and evenly soaked in the coating liquid, and the textile was soaked in the polyurethane coating liquid.

[0102] (3) Pore structure formation of textiles impregnated with coating liquid under constant temperature and humidity.

[0103] After removing the polyester textile impregnated with polyurethane coating liquid obtained in step (2), place it in a constant temperature and humidity environment of 35℃ and 95% RH. After 1 hour, remove it and let it stand at room temperature to dry, thus obtaining the coated fabric.

[0104] Comparative Example 3

[0105] A method for preparing a coated fabric includes the following steps:

[0106] (1) Preparation of low surface energy polymer coating liquid

[0107] 25g of polyurethane and 25g of fluorinated polyurethane were dissolved in 450g of tetrahydrofuran solvent and stirred at room temperature for 6 hours to obtain a low surface energy polymer coating liquid.

[0108] (2) Impregnation finishing of textiles in low surface energy polymer coating liquid

[0109] The polyester textile was immersed in the low surface energy polymer coating liquid obtained in step (1) for 4 minutes, so that the textile was fully and evenly soaked in the coating liquid. Then it was taken out and dried directly to obtain the coated fabric.

[0110] Comparative Example 4

[0111] A method for preparing a coated fabric includes the following steps:

[0112] (1) Preparation of low surface energy polymer coating liquid

[0113] 25g of polyurethane and 25g of fluorinated polyurethane were dissolved in 450g of tetrahydrofuran solvent and stirred at room temperature for 6 hours to obtain a low surface energy polymer coating liquid.

[0114] (2) The textile is immersed in a low surface energy polymer coating solution, and then directly removed and left to stand at room temperature to obtain a coated fabric.

[0115] Comparative Example 5

[0116] A method for preparing a coated fabric includes the following steps:

[0117] (1) Preparation of low surface energy polymer coating liquid

[0118] 25g of polyurethane and 25g of fluorinated polyurethane were dissolved in 450g of tetrahydrofuran solvent and stirred at room temperature for 6 hours to obtain a low surface energy polymer coating liquid.

[0119] (2) Impregnation finishing of textiles in low surface energy polymer coating liquid

[0120] The polyester textile was immersed in the low surface energy polymer coating liquid obtained in step (1) for 4 minutes, so that the textile was fully and uniformly soaked in the coating liquid; the textile was obtained by impregnating the low surface energy polymer coating liquid.

[0121] (3) Pore structure formation of textiles impregnated with coating liquid under constant temperature and humidity.

[0122] The textile obtained in step (2) is placed in a constant temperature and humidity environment of 35℃ and 40 RH% for 1 hour, then removed and left to dry at room temperature to obtain the coated fabric.

[0123] Comparative Example 6

[0124] A method for preparing a coated fabric includes the following steps:

[0125] (1) Preparation of low surface energy polymer coating liquid

[0126] 25g of polyurethane and 25g of fluorinated polyurethane were dissolved in 450g of tetrahydrofuran solvent and stirred at room temperature for 6 hours to obtain a low surface energy polymer coating liquid.

[0127] (2) Impregnation finishing of textiles in low surface energy polymer coating liquid

[0128] The polyester textile was immersed in the low surface energy polymer coating liquid obtained in step (1) for 4 minutes, so that the textile was fully and uniformly soaked in the coating liquid; the textile was obtained by impregnating the low surface energy polymer coating liquid.

[0129] (3) Pore structure formation of textiles impregnated with coating liquid under constant temperature and humidity.

[0130] The textile obtained in step (2) is placed in a constant temperature and humidity environment of 10℃ and 95% RH. After 1 hour, it is taken out and left to dry at room temperature to obtain the coated fabric.

[0131] Comparative Example 7

[0132] A method for preparing a coated fabric includes the following steps:

[0133] (1) Preparation of low surface energy polymer coating liquid

[0134] 25g of polyurethane and 25g of fluorinated polyurethane were dissolved in 450g of tetrahydrofuran solvent and stirred at room temperature for 6 hours to obtain a low surface energy polymer coating liquid.

[0135] (2) Impregnation finishing of textiles in low surface energy polymer coating liquid

[0136] The polyester textile was immersed in the low surface energy polymer coating liquid obtained in step (1) for 4 minutes, so that the textile was fully and uniformly soaked in the coating liquid; the textile was obtained by impregnating the low surface energy polymer coating liquid.

[0137] (3) Pore structure formation of textiles impregnated with coating liquid under constant temperature and humidity.

[0138] The textile obtained in step (2) is placed in a constant temperature and humidity environment of 35°C and 95% RH. After 15 minutes, it is taken out and left to dry at room temperature to obtain the coated fabric.

[0139] Results Analysis

[0140] 1. Morphological and structural characterization of the coated fabrics prepared in the examples and comparative examples.

[0141] Figure 1 This is a SEM image of the surface morphology of the textile coating in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Figure 2 The image shows the SEM image of the surface morphology of the textile coating obtained in Comparative Example 1. Figure 1 and Figure 2 The comparison shows that although the coated fabric also has pores when the polyurethane concentration is too high, these pores are not deep and are only surface grooves, and do not form a continuous channel that runs through the coating thickness, which limits the effective improvement of moisture transfer performance. In contrast, the coated fabric made by the present invention exhibits a continuous channel structure with a spider web-like morphology and a large number of channels, which helps to significantly improve the moisture transfer rate of the coated fabric.

[0142] 2. Performance testing of coated fabrics prepared in Example 1 and different comparative examples

[0143] The results are shown in Table 7. The spiderweb-like multi-microporous waterproof and breathable coated fabric prepared in the embodiments of the present invention has high hydrostatic pressure resistance (560 mmH2O) and moisture permeability (5365 g m). -2 d -1 ), breathability (5.8mm s) -1 This is due to the beneficial effects of its spiderweb-like, multi-microporous, low-surface-energy fluorinated coating; while Comparative Example 1, due to its dense coating and lack of interconnected pore structures, has a lower moisture permeability (1822 gm). -2 d -1 Comparative Example 2 lacks a low-energy hydrophobic surface, resulting in no waterproofing performance (hydrostatic pressure resistance of 0 mmH2O). Comparative Example 3, due to direct impregnation and drying without constant temperature and humidity pore structure cultivation, has a large pore size, leading to insufficient waterproofing performance (hydrostatic pressure resistance of 215 mmH2O). Comparative Example 4, due to direct coating on textile surfaces without constant temperature and humidity pore structure cultivation, has a large pore size and poor hydrophobicity, also resulting in low waterproofing performance (hydrostatic pressure resistance of 201 mmH2O). Comparative Example 5, due to excessively low humidity during structure formation cultivation, has an uneven pore structure and large pore size, resulting in insufficient waterproofing performance (hydrostatic pressure resistance of 231 mmH2O). Comparative Example 6, due to excessively low structure formation cultivation temperature, has an uneven pore structure and large pore size, resulting in insufficient waterproofing performance (hydrostatic pressure resistance of 222 mmH2O). Comparative Example 7, due to excessively short structure formation cultivation time, has an uneven pore structure and large pore size, resulting in insufficient waterproofing performance (hydrostatic pressure resistance of 228 mmH2O). mmH2O).

[0144] Table 7 Properties of coated fabrics obtained in different embodiments and comparative examples of the present invention

[0145]

[0146] The above results show that the textile coating prepared by the present invention has a spider web-like multi-microporous structure and fluorinated low surface energy hydrophobic properties. While maintaining high hydrostatic pressure resistance, it significantly improves the moisture permeability of the material and has excellent moisture permeability and waterproof performance. It can meet the needs of high-performance waterproof and breathable coated fabrics in fields such as surgical protective clothing, outdoor clothing, and wound dressings.

[0147] The embodiments provided above are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, nor are the described steps intended to limit the order of execution. Any obvious modifications made to the invention by those skilled in the art based on existing common knowledge also fall within the scope of protection defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a spiderweb-like multi-microporous waterproof and breathable coated fabric, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: Step 1: Immerse the fabric in a low surface energy polymer coating liquid until the fabric is completely soaked in the low surface energy polymer coating liquid; The low surface energy polymer coating liquid refers to the liquid obtained by adding polyurethane particles and a hydrophobic agent to tetrahydrofuran and stirring thoroughly. The hydrophobic agent is one or more of the following: fluorinated polyurethane, long-chain fluorinated polyurethane, fluorinated acrylate copolymer, and fluorine-free organosilicon compound. In the low surface energy polymer coating liquid, the mass percentage of polyurethane is 1-9 wt%. Step 2: Transfer the fabric soaked in Step 1 to a constant temperature and humidity chamber for pore structure cultivation. Then, take out the fabric and let it dry at room temperature to obtain a spider web-like multi-microporous waterproof and breathable coating fabric. The cultivation conditions are: relative humidity (RH) of 70%~99%, temperature of 15℃~50℃, and time of 0.5~5h.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the low surface energy polymer coating liquid described in step 1, the mass percentage of the hydrophobic agent is 0.5~12 wt%.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fabric mentioned in step 1 is one or more of polyester, nylon, and cotton textiles.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The relative humidity (RH) for pore structure culture in the constant temperature and humidity chamber described in step 2 is 80-95%.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The temperature for pore structure culture in the constant temperature and humidity chamber described in step 2 is 30~40℃.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The relative humidity (RH) for pore structure culture in the constant temperature and humidity chamber is 90-95%, the temperature is 30-40℃, and the time is 1-2 hours.

7. The spiderweb-like multi-microporous waterproof and breathable coated fabric prepared by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. The application of the spiderweb-like multi-microporous waterproof and breathable coated fabric of claim 7 in the fields of medical protective clothing, outdoor clothing, wound dressings, and wearable devices.

9. A method for improving the waterproof, moisture-permeable, and breathable properties of coated fabrics, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: Step 1: Immerse the fabric in a low surface energy polymer coating liquid until the fabric is completely soaked in the low surface energy polymer coating liquid; The low surface energy polymer coating liquid refers to the liquid obtained by adding polyurethane particles and a hydrophobic agent to tetrahydrofuran and stirring thoroughly. The hydrophobic agent is one or more of the following: fluorinated polyurethane, long-chain fluorinated polyurethane, fluorinated acrylate copolymer, and fluorine-free organosilicon compound. In the low surface energy polymer coating liquid, the mass percentage of polyurethane is 1-9 wt%. Step 2: Transfer the fabric soaked in Step 1 to a constant temperature and humidity chamber for pore structure cultivation. Then, remove the fabric and let it dry at room temperature to obtain a spider web-like multi-microporous waterproof and breathable coating fabric. The conditions for pore structure cultivation in the constant temperature and humidity chamber are: relative humidity of 80-95%, temperature of 30-40℃, and time of 1-4h.

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