An explosion-proof assembly based on ceramic and mechanical superstructure materials

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of armor protection, in particular to an anti-explosion assembly based on ceramic and mechanical superstructure materials, which comprises a crushing energy-absorbing layer, the crushing energy-absorbing layer is boron carbide ceramic, which is used for reflecting and refracting the refracted wave of the explosion surface and dissipating the impact energy; a supporting energy-absorbing layer, the supporting energy-absorbing layer absorbs the impact energy after the ceramic is refracted by deforming itself; and a fragment protection layer, the fragment protection layer is an ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fiber composite material, which is used for intercepting the ceramic fragments of the crushing energy-absorbing layer and the fragments of the supporting energy-absorbing layer. Through the three-layer synergistic mechanism of the crushing energy-absorbing layer, the supporting energy-absorbing layer and the fragment protection layer, multi-stage attenuation of the explosion shock wave is realized. Meanwhile, after the explosion, the assembly is separated from the vehicle body by crushing and disintegrating, the additional weight of the vehicle body is reduced, and the ability of the vehicle to get rid of the dangerous area after being attacked is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of armor protection, in particular to an anti-explosion assembly based on ceramic and mechanical superstructure material. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the environment of great power game, there are a large number of asymmetric operations in modern war, in which the weak party mainly relies on various mines, improvised explosive devices and the like to consume the advantage party, especially in urban warfare, various mines and improvised explosive devices are relatively concealed, and at present, increasing and improving the anti-explosion and anti-hurting capability of tactical vehicles has become the focus of various countries. The anti-explosion and anti-hurting capability of the anti-mine and anti-ambush vehicle, which is the front force of the troops, is particularly important. At present, the anti-explosion means of the anti-mine and anti-ambush vehicle mainly includes two types: one is to adopt a special structure design such as a V-shaped vehicle body, but it needs to occupy a large installation space, which significantly reduces the passability and cross-country capability of the vehicle; the other is to add an anti-mine assembly, and the traditional assembly mainly adopts a structure of “armored steel + foamed aluminum”, which can provide a certain protection, but the weight is too large, which seriously affects the mobility of the vehicle.

[0003] In view of the above problems, it is urgent to develop a light and efficient anti-explosion assembly to improve the protection capability against explosion shock wave and fragments without sacrificing the passability and mobility of the vehicle, so as to meet the actual combat needs of the anti-mine and anti-ambush vehicle and the like. SUMMARY

[0004] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present application provides an anti-explosion assembly based on ceramic and mechanical superstructure material, which solves the problems of the existing anti-explosion assembly, such as large weight, affecting the mobility of the vehicle, and special vehicle body structure reducing the passability, and realizes the synergistic effect of “light weight, high energy absorption and strong protection”, while ensuring the passability of the tactical vehicle and the escape capability after being attacked.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present application is implemented by the following technical scheme: an anti-explosion assembly based on ceramic and mechanical superstructure material, comprising:

[0006] A broken energy absorption layer, the broken energy absorption layer is boron carbide ceramic, which has the following effects: when explosion occurs, part of the blast shock wave is reflected through the explosion-facing surface; then the broken energy absorption layer is broken under the action of high-strength shock wave, and the complex interface effect formed after the broken energy absorption layer is broken is used to reflect and refract the refracted wave multiple times, so as to greatly dissipate the shock energy. The broken energy absorption layer is obtained by mixing boron carbide powder with silicon powder, carbon powder and the like after sintering aid, and then being pressed into a ceramic sheet by a molding and vacuum sintering process;

[0007] A supporting energy absorption layer, the supporting energy absorption layer is an SC+FCC mechanical superstructure material, which is a titanium alloy porous material prepared by selective laser melting sintering. The supporting energy absorption layer is used to support the broken energy absorption layer and further absorb the shock energy after the refracted shock wave of the ceramic layer by deforming itself;

[0008] The debris protection layer is an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber composite material for intercepting ceramic debris generated by the broken energy absorption layer and structural debris supporting the energy absorption layer to prevent the debris from penetrating the vehicle body and causing damage; the fiber cloth is made of plain weave and is cured and formed after epoxy resin impregnation.

[0009] Preferably, the preparation method of the supporting energy absorption layer is as follows:

[0010] S1. Raw material preparation

[0011] Prepare raw materials of titanium 90%, aluminum 6%, and vanadium 4% by weight percentage, and make titanium alloy powder with a particle size of 15-53 μm;

[0012] S2. Powder laying

[0013] Lay the pretreated titanium alloy powder on the workbench of the selective laser melting and sintering equipment, control the laying thickness to be 50-100 μm, ensure the uniformity of the powder layer, and avoid local accumulation or vacancy;

[0014] S3. Laser melting and sintering

[0015] Use a high-power optical fiber laser to scan and sinter the laid powder layer, and the laser is selectively melted according to the preset mechanical superstructure model path, so that the powder particles are fused with each other to form a solid structure layer;

[0016] S4. Layer-by-layer accumulation

[0017] After one layer of sintering is completed, the workbench is lowered by a corresponding height according to the set layer thickness, and the height is consistent with the laying thickness; then, the powder laying device uniformly lays the titanium alloy powder on the surface of the sintered structure layer again, and repeats the laser melting and sintering process of step 4, and circulates back and forth to gradually accumulate to form a complete SC+FCC mechanical superstructure material blank;

[0018] S5. Post-processing

[0019] Remove the unsintered powder attached to the surface of the material blank by high-pressure air blowing and vibration screening; anneal the material blank to eliminate internal stress, with an annealing temperature of 600-800℃ and an annealing time of 1-2h; finally, accurately process the material to the size, and obtain the supporting energy absorption layer.

[0020] Preferably, the preparation method of the explosion-proof assembly comprises the following steps:

[0021] S1. Surface treatment

[0022] The bottom surface of the crushing energy absorption layer, the upper and lower surfaces of the supporting energy absorption layer and the top surface of the debris protection layer are respectively subjected to sand blasting treatment to remove surface oxide layers and impurities, and the roughness is controlled to be Ra 1.6-3.2 μm;

[0023] S2. Gluing and laminating

[0024] An epoxy resin adhesive is uniformly coated on the upper surface of the supporting energy absorption layer, the coating thickness is 0.2-0.5 mm, the bottom surface of the crushing energy absorption layer is laminated with the upper surface of the supporting energy absorption layer, a pressure of 5-10 MPa is applied, and preliminary curing is carried out at room temperature for 1-2 h;

[0025] S3. Secondary gluing and laminating

[0026] The same adhesive is coated on the lower surface of the supporting energy absorption layer, the thickness is 0.2-0.5 mm, the top surface of the debris protection layer is laminated with the lower surface of the supporting energy absorption layer, a pressure of 5-10 MPa is applied, and curing is carried out at 60-80 °C for 4-6 h to obtain a complete explosion-proof assembly.

[0027] Preferably, the titanium alloy powder is subjected to drying and screening pretreatment before being laid, to remove impurities and agglomerated particles.

[0028] Preferably, the laser power of the laser melting is 100-200 W, and the scanning speed is 500-1000 mm / s.

[0029] The application provides an explosion-proof assembly based on ceramic and mechanical superstructure materials, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0030] The application uses boron carbide ceramic (2.5 g / cm³), SC+FCC mechanical superstructure material (1.5005 g / cm³) and ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene composite material (1.0 g / cm³), and the overall density is much lower than that of traditional armor steel (7.85 g / cm³), so that the vehicle load is greatly reduced and the mobility is improved; through the three-layer synergistic mechanism of "ceramic reflection-superstructure deformation-debris interception", the explosion shock wave is subjected to multi-stage attenuation. After explosion, the assembly is broken and separated from the vehicle body, the additional weight of the vehicle body is reduced, and the ability of the vehicle to escape from the dangerous area after being attacked is improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 The figure is a structural schematic diagram of the explosion-proof assembly of the application;

[0032] Figure 2 The figure is a schematic diagram of an explosion-proof test device of the application;

[0033] Figure 3 The figure is a schematic diagram of a cell original structure of the SC+FCC mechanical superstructure material of the application;

[0034] Figure 4 The ceramic explosion face blast pressure curve of the present application;

[0035] Figure 5 The explosion face blast pressure curve of the present application;

[0036] Figure 6 The physical diagram of the front explosion face and the back explosion face of the armor steel after the test, wherein a is the explosion face, and b is the back explosion face.

[0037] 1, broken energy absorption layer; 2, support energy absorption layer; 3, fragment protection layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the present application. Embodiment one

[0039] The embodiment of the present application provides an explosion-proof assembly based on ceramic and mechanical superstructure material, comprising:

[0040] The broken energy absorption layer 1 is boron carbide ceramic, which is used for reflecting and refracting the refracted wave of the explosion face and dissipating impact energy;

[0041] The support energy absorption layer 2 absorbs the impact energy after the ceramic refraction by deforming itself;

[0042] The fragment protection layer 3 is an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber composite, which is used to intercept the ceramic fragments of the broken energy absorption layer 1 and the fragments of the support energy absorption layer 2.

[0043] The preparation method of the support energy absorption layer 2 is as follows:

[0044] S1. Raw material preparation

[0045] According to the weight percentage, the raw materials of titanium 90%, aluminum 6% and vanadium 4% are prepared to form titanium alloy powder, the particle size of the titanium alloy powder is 53μm, and the titanium alloy powder is dried and screened before laying to remove impurities and agglomerated particles;

[0046] S2. Powder laying

[0047] The pretreated titanium alloy powder is laid on the workbench of the selective laser melting sintering equipment, the laying thickness is controlled at 100μm, the powder layer is uniform, and local accumulation or vacancy is avoided;

[0048] S3. Laser melting sintering

[0049] The laid powder layer is scanned and sintered using a high-power fiber laser, the laser power is 200 W, the scanning speed is 1000 mm / s, and the laser is selectively melted according to the preset mechanical superstructure model path, so that the powder particles are fused with each other to form a solid structure layer;

[0050] S4. Layer-by-layer stacking

[0051] After one layer is sintered, the workbench is lowered by a corresponding height according to the set layer thickness, the height is consistent with the laying thickness; then, the powder laying device uniformly lays titanium alloy powder on the surface of the sintered structure layer again, and the laser melting sintering process of step 4 is repeated, so that the complete SC+FCC mechanical superstructure material blank is gradually accumulated;

[0052] S5. Post-processing

[0053] The unsintered powder attached to the surface of the material blank is removed by high-pressure air blowing and vibration screening; the material blank is annealed to eliminate internal stress, the annealing temperature is 800℃, and the holding time is 2h; finally, the material is precisely machined in size to obtain the support energy-absorbing layer 2.

[0054] The preparation method of the explosion-proof assembly comprises the following steps:

[0055] S1. Surface treatment

[0056] The bottom surface of the broken energy-absorbing layer 1, the upper and lower surfaces of the support energy-absorbing layer 2, and the top surface of the fragment protection layer 3 are respectively subjected to sand blasting treatment to remove the surface oxide layer and impurities, and the roughness is controlled to be Ra3.2μm;

[0057] S2. Gluing and bonding

[0058] An epoxy resin adhesive is uniformly coated on the upper surface of the support energy-absorbing layer 2, the coating thickness is 0.5mm, the bottom surface of the broken energy-absorbing layer 1 is aligned and bonded with the upper surface of the support energy-absorbing layer 2, a pressure of 10MPa is applied, and preliminary curing is carried out at room temperature for 2h;

[0059] S3. Secondary gluing and bonding

[0060] The same adhesive is coated on the lower surface of the support energy-absorbing layer 2, the thickness is 0.5mm, the top surface of the fragment protection layer 3 is aligned and bonded with the lower surface of the support energy-absorbing layer 2, a pressure of 10MPa is applied, and curing is carried out at 80℃ for 6h to obtain a complete explosion-proof assembly, and the structure of the explosion-proof assembly is shown in Figure 1 . Example 2

[0061] The embodiment of the present application provides a kind of based on ceramic and mechanical superstructure material's explosion-proof assembly, comprising:

[0062] Broken energy absorption layer 1, broken energy absorption layer 1 is boron carbide ceramic, it is used to the refracted wave of the reflection refraction of blast surface, dissipates impact energy;

[0063] Supporting energy absorption layer 2, supporting energy absorption layer 2 absorbs the impact energy after the deformation of itself by ceramic refraction;

[0064] Fragment protection layer 3, fragment protection layer 3 is ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber composite material, it is used to the fragment of the ceramic of broken energy absorption layer 1 and the fragment of supporting energy absorption layer 2 are intercepted.

[0065] The preparation method of supporting energy absorption layer 2 is as follows:

[0066] S1. raw material preparation

[0067] According to weight percentage, prepare the raw material of titanium 90%, aluminum 6%, vanadium 4%, into titanium alloy powder, the particle size of titanium alloy powder is 15 μm, titanium alloy powder is dried, screened pretreatment before laying, and remove impurities and agglomerated particles;

[0068] S2. powder laying

[0069] The pretreated titanium alloy powder is laid on the workbench of selective laser melting sintering equipment, and the laying thickness is controlled to be 50 μm, to ensure that the powder layer is uniform, and to avoid local accumulation or vacancy;

[0070] S3. laser melting sintering

[0071] The laid powder layer is scanned and sintered using a high-power optical fiber laser, the laser power is 100 W, the scanning speed is 500 mm / s, and the laser is selectively melted according to the preset mechanical superstructure model path, so that the powder particles are fused with each other to form a solid structure layer;

[0072] S4. layer-by-layer accumulation

[0073] After one layer of sintering is completed, the workbench is lowered by a corresponding height according to the set layer thickness, and the height is consistent with the laying thickness;Then, the powder laying device uniformly lays titanium alloy powder on the surface of the sintered structure layer again, and the laser melting and sintering process of step 4 is repeated, and the cycle is repeated, to gradually accumulate to form a complete SC+FCC mechanical superstructure material blank;

[0074] S5. post-processing

[0075] The sintering powder adhered to the surface of the material blank is removed by high-pressure air blowing and vibration screening; the material blank is annealed to eliminate internal stress, the annealing temperature is 600 DEG C, and the holding time is 1 h; finally, the material is precisely machined in size to obtain the support energy absorption layer 2, and the fine structure of the support energy absorption layer 2 is as shown in Figure 3

[0076] The preparation method of the explosion-proof assembly comprises the following steps:

[0077] S1. Surface treatment

[0078] The bottom surface of the crushing energy absorption layer 1, the upper and lower surfaces of the support energy absorption layer 2 and the top surface of the fragment protection layer 3 are respectively subjected to sand blasting treatment to remove the surface oxide layer and impurities, and the roughness is controlled to be Ra1.6 μm;

[0079] S2. Gluing and bonding

[0080] An epoxy resin adhesive is uniformly coated on the upper surface of the support energy absorption layer 2, the coating thickness is 0.2 mm, the bottom surface of the crushing energy absorption layer 1 is aligned and bonded with the upper surface of the support energy absorption layer 2, a pressure of 5 MPa is applied, and preliminary curing is carried out at room temperature for 1 h;

[0081] S3. Secondary gluing and bonding

[0082] The same adhesive is coated on the lower surface of the support energy absorption layer 2, the thickness is 0.2 mm, the top surface of the fragment protection layer 3 is aligned and bonded with the lower surface of the support energy absorption layer 2, a pressure of 5 MPa is applied, and curing is carried out at 60 DEG C for 4 h to obtain a complete explosion-proof assembly.

[0083] Test of the explosion-proof assembly for 100 g TNT equivalent

[0084] Assembly structure: 14 mm boron carbide ceramic (crushing energy absorption layer 1) + 6 mm SC+FCC mechanical superstructure material (support energy absorption layer 2) + 4 mm ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber composite (fragment protection layer 3), size 100 mm x 100 mm;

[0085] Test device: a planar wave generator is used to simulate the explosion environment, foil-shaped H-type manganese copper piezoresistive sensors are arranged on the ceramic blast-facing surface and the back surface of the fragment protection layer respectively to measure the impact pressure;

[0086] Test results:

[0087] The maximum pressure on the blast-facing surface is 27.59 GPa (at 10.021 μs);

[0088] The maximum pressure on the back surface is 7.712 GPa (at 18.900 μs);

[0089] ​The pressure decay rate is (27.59-7.712) / 27.59*100%=72.05%, which verifies the high energy absorption performance of the assembly;

[0090] Post-effect observation: after the explosion, the ceramic layer is broken, the mechanical superstructure layer is deformed and disintegrated, the fragment protection layer is intact to intercept fragments, and the back armor steel back blast surface has no penetration damage.

[0091] The embodiment shows that the explosion-proof assembly can effectively attenuate the explosion shock wave and intercept fragments under the premise of lightweight, and meets the protection requirements of the anti-mine and anti-attack vehicle.

[0092] The test device is a planar wave generator as shown in the drawing, wherein the charge is 100g of TNT. Figure 2 A foil-shaped H-type manganese copper piezoresistive sensor is arranged between the ceramic and the planar wave generator and between the composite material and the back plate of the armor steel to measure the impact pressure of the front blast surface and the back blast surface.

[0093] Figure 4 The pressure data of the ceramic and the planar wave generator are shown in the drawing, and the pressure of the sample front blast surface is the maximum at 10.021us, and the pressure value 27.59GPa at this time is taken as the front blast surface pressure of the composite armor sample in the test. Figure 5 The pressure data between the composite material and the back plate of the armor steel are shown in the drawing, and the maximum pressure of the back blast surface at 18.900us is 7.712GPa. Figure 6 The photos of the front blast surface and the back blast surface of the armor steel after the test are shown in the drawing.

[0094] The test results show that the composite structure of the invention attenuates the impact pressure generated by 100g of TNT by 72.05% under the condition of a surface density of 48kg / m 2 .

[0095] Although embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made thereto without departing from the principles and spirit of the present application, and the scope of the present application is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A blast protection assembly based on ceramic and mechanical superstructure materials, characterized by: Comprise: The broken energy absorption layer (1) is boron carbide ceramic, which is used for reflecting and refracting the refracted wave of the blast surface, and dissipating the impact energy; The support energy absorption layer (2) absorbs the impact energy after ceramic refraction by itself deformation, and the preparation method of the support energy absorption layer (2) is as follows: S1. Raw material preparation Prepare raw materials of titanium 90%, aluminum 6% and vanadium 4% by weight percentage, and make titanium alloy powder, the particle size of the titanium alloy powder is 15-53 μm; S2. Powder laying The pretreated titanium alloy powder is laid on the workbench of the selective laser melting sintering equipment, the laying thickness is controlled at 50-100 μm, the powder layer is uniform, and local accumulation or vacancy is avoided; S3. Laser melting sintering The laid powder layer is scanned and sintered by using high-power optical fiber laser, the laser is selectively melted according to the preset mechanical superstructure model path, the powder particles are fused with each other, and a solid structure layer is formed; S4. Layer by layer accumulation After one layer of sintering is completed, the workbench is lowered by a corresponding height according to the set layer thickness, the height is consistent with the laying thickness; then, the titanium alloy powder is uniformly laid on the surface of the sintered structure layer again, the laser melting sintering process of step 4 is repeated, and the complete SC+FCC mechanical superstructure material blank is gradually accumulated; S5. Post-processing Remove the unsintered powder attached to the surface of the material blank by high-pressure air blowing and vibration screening; anneal the material blank to eliminate internal stress, the annealing temperature is 600-800℃, and the holding time is 1-2h; finally, the material is accurately machined in size to obtain the support energy absorption layer (2); The fragment protection layer (3) is an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber composite material, which is used for intercepting the ceramic fragments of the broken energy absorption layer (1) and the fragments of the support energy absorption layer (2); The preparation method of the explosion-proof assembly comprises the following steps: S1. Surface treatment The bottom surface of the broken energy absorption layer (1), the upper and lower surfaces of the support energy absorption layer (2) and the top surface of the fragment protection layer (3) are respectively sandblasted to remove the surface oxide layer and impurities, and the roughness is controlled at Ra1.6-3.2 μm; S2. Gluing and bonding Uniformly coat epoxy resin adhesive on the upper surface of the support energy absorption layer (2), the coating thickness is 0.2-0.5mm, the bottom surface of the broken energy absorption layer (1) is aligned and bonded with the upper surface of the support energy absorption layer (2), 5-10MPa pressure is applied, and preliminary curing is carried out at room temperature for 1-2h; S3. Secondary gluing and bonding The same adhesive is coated on the lower surface of the support energy absorption layer (2) with a thickness of 0.2-0.5mm, the top surface of the fragment protection layer (3) is aligned and bonded with the lower surface of the support energy absorption layer (2), 5-10MPa pressure is applied, and curing is carried out at 60-80℃ for 4-6h to obtain a complete explosion-proof assembly.

2. The blast protection assembly based on ceramic and mechanical superstructure material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The titanium alloy powder is dried and screened before laying, and impurities and agglomerated particles are removed.

3. The explosion-proof assembly based on ceramic and mechanical superstructure material according to claim 1, characterized in that the laser power of the laser melting is 100-200 W, and the scanning speed is 500-1000 mm / s.

Images