Waste heat removal system of high-temperature gas cooled reactor

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a waste heat removal system of a high-temperature gas cooled reactor, and relates to the technical field of nuclear reactors. The high-temperature gas cooled reactor waste heat removal system comprises a reactor cabin, a reactor pressure vessel, a heat exchanger, a cooler, a water inlet pipe, a water outlet pipe, a water replenishing isolation valve, a water return isolation valve and a waste heat auxiliary removal device, the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe are communicated with the heat exchanger and the cooler at the same time; the auxiliary waste heat discharging device is simultaneously communicated with the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe, the water supplementing isolating valve is connected between the auxiliary waste heat discharging device and the water outlet pipe, and the water returning isolating valve is connected between the auxiliary waste heat discharging device and the water inlet pipe; under the condition of the first waste heat discharging mode, the water supplementing isolating valve and the water returning isolating valve are both in a closed state; and under the condition of the second residual heat removal mode, the water supplementing isolation valve and the water returning isolation valve are both in an open state. The device can be suitable for different operation conditions, the operation flexibility is high, and the waste heat removal efficiency is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of nuclear reactors, in particular to a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor residual heat removal system. BACKGROUND

[0002] The reactor residual heat refers to the heat generated due to the continuous radioactive decay and residual fission reaction in the fuel after the nuclear reactor is shut down. As one of the key issues of nuclear safety management, it is currently mainly handled through a residual heat removal system.

[0003] The high-temperature gas-cooled reactor is a representative of the fourth-generation advanced nuclear reactor technology, which uses helium as a coolant, graphite as a moderator, and full ceramic coated particle fuel elements to achieve high-temperature operation. The existing high-temperature gas-cooled reactors generally configure a passive residual heat removal system, although this system has the advantages of high safety and reliability, but still has defects such as insufficient operation flexibility and low residual heat removal efficiency. SUMMARY

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to provide a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor residual heat removal system which can be suitable for different operating conditions, improve the operation flexibility and enhance the residual heat removal efficiency.

[0005] The embodiment of the present application is implemented in this way: The embodiment of the present application provides a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor residual heat removal system, which comprises a reactor cabin, a reactor pressure vessel, a heat exchanger, a cooler, an inlet water pipe, an outlet water pipe, a water replenishment isolation valve, a water return isolation valve and a residual heat auxiliary removal device. The reactor pressure vessel and the heat exchanger are arranged in the reactor cabin, the cooler is arranged separately from the reactor cabin, and the height of the cooler is greater than the height of the reactor cabin; the two ends of the inlet water pipe are respectively communicated with the outlet liquid port of the heat exchanger and the inlet liquid port of the cooler, and the two ends of the outlet water pipe are respectively communicated with the inlet liquid port of the heat exchanger and the outlet liquid port of the cooler. The residual heat auxiliary removal device is communicated with the inlet water pipe and the outlet water pipe at the same time, the water replenishment isolation valve is connected between the residual heat auxiliary removal device and the outlet water pipe, and the water return isolation valve is connected between the residual heat auxiliary removal device and the inlet water pipe. Among them, the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor residual heat removal system has a first residual heat removal mode and a second residual heat removal mode, in the case that the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor residual heat removal system is in the first residual heat removal mode, the water replenishment isolation valve and the water return isolation valve are both in the closed state; in the case that the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor residual heat removal system is in the second residual heat removal mode, the water replenishment isolation valve and the water return isolation valve are both in the open state.

[0006] In an optional embodiment, the waste heat auxiliary discharge device includes a first pipeline, a second pipeline and a cooling pump, the first pipeline, the cooling pump and the second pipeline are connected in sequence, the first pipeline is connected to the water inlet pipe, and the second pipeline is connected to the water outlet pipe; Wherein, the return water isolation valve is arranged in the first pipeline, and the water supply isolation valve is arranged in the second pipeline.

[0007] In an optional embodiment, the residual heat auxiliary discharge device further includes a third pipeline and a sprayer, wherein both ends of the third pipeline are connected to the first pipeline and the second pipeline respectively, and the sprayer is provided in the third pipeline and is used to spray cooling water on the cooler; Among them, the return water isolation valve is located at the connection between the third pipeline and the first pipeline, and between the connection between the first pipeline and the water inlet pipe; the water supply isolation valve is located at the connection between the third pipeline and the second pipeline, and between the connection between the second pipeline and the water outlet pipe.

[0008] In an optional embodiment, the residual heat auxiliary discharge device further includes a first spray isolation valve and a second spray isolation valve, wherein the first spray isolation valve is provided in the third pipeline and is located between the sprayer and the second pipeline; the second spray isolation valve is provided in the third pipeline and is located between the sprayer and the first pipeline; Wherein, when the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor residual heat removal system is in the first residual heat removal mode, the water supply isolation valve, the return water isolation valve, the first spray isolation valve, and the second spray isolation valve are all in a closed state; when the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor residual heat removal system is in the second residual heat removal mode, the water supply isolation valve and the return water isolation valve are both in an open state, and the first spray isolation valve and the second spray isolation valve are both in a closed state; The high-temperature gas-cooled reactor waste heat removal system also has a third waste heat removal mode and a fourth waste heat removal mode. When the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor waste heat removal system is in the third waste heat removal mode, the water supply isolation valve, the return water isolation valve, the first spray isolation valve and the second spray isolation valve are all in an open state; when the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor waste heat removal system is in the fourth waste heat removal mode, the water supply isolation valve and the return water isolation valve are both in a closed state, and the first spray isolation valve and the second spray isolation valve are both in an open state.

[0009] In an optional embodiment, the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor waste heat removal system also includes an air cooling tower, which is spaced apart from the reactor compartment and has a height greater than the height of the reactor compartment; the air cooling tower has an air inlet and an air outlet, and the cooler is arranged in the air cooling tower and is located between the air inlet and the air outlet.

[0010] In an optional embodiment, the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor waste heat removal system further includes a fan, which is disposed in the air cooling tower and located between the cooler and the air inlet.

[0011] In an optional embodiment, the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor waste heat removal system further includes an air inlet valve and an air outlet valve, wherein the air inlet valve is arranged at the air inlet, and the air outlet valve is arranged at the air outlet.

[0012] In an optional embodiment, the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor waste heat removal system further includes a pressurizer and a fourth pipeline. The pressurizer is spaced apart from the reactor compartment, and both ends of the fourth pipeline are respectively connected to the pressurizer and the water inlet pipe.

[0013] In an optional embodiment, the high temperature gas-cooled reactor waste heat removal system further includes a safety valve, and the safety valve is connected to the pressurizer.

[0014] In an optional embodiment, the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor waste heat removal system further includes a water inlet isolation valve and a water outlet isolation valve, wherein the water inlet isolation valve is provided on the water inlet pipe and the water outlet isolation valve is provided on the water outlet pipe; and / or, The high-temperature gas-cooled reactor waste heat removal system further includes a drain valve, which is arranged on the water outlet pipe; and / or, The high-temperature gas-cooled reactor waste heat removal system also includes a hot water header and a cold water header. The hot water header and the cold water header are both arranged in the reactor compartment. The hot water header is located at the top of the heat exchanger and is connected to the liquid outlet of the heat exchanger and the water inlet pipe at the same time; the cold water header is located at the bottom of the heat exchanger and is connected to the liquid inlet of the heat exchanger and the water outlet pipe at the same time.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the embodiments of the present invention include: The high-temperature gas-cooled reactor residual heat removal system, by providing a residual heat auxiliary removal device, can be understood as an active residual heat removal design, and cooperates with the water supply isolation valve and the return water isolation valve to achieve switching between active and passive removal modes. That is, the first residual heat removal mode can be understood as a passive residual heat removal mode. When the reactor unit is operating normally, the water supply isolation valve and the return water isolation valve are both in the closed state, the active mode is isolated, and the passive mode is put into operation. In this mode, due to the height difference between the cooler and the reactor compartment, through physical mechanisms such as gravity and natural convection, the cooling water can circulate naturally between the heat exchanger, the water inlet pipe, the cooler, and the water outlet pipe, thereby removing the heat generated by the reactor with high safety and reliability. The second residual heat removal mode can be understood as an active residual heat removal mode. When the reactor unit is shut down or operating abnormally, if accelerated reactor compartment cooling is required to achieve rapid startup or residual heat removal, both the feed water isolation valve and the return water isolation valve are opened, and the auxiliary residual heat removal device is activated, switching the system from passive to active mode, thereby accelerating the circulation rate of the cooling water. Therefore, this high-temperature gas-cooled reactor residual heat removal system can be adapted to different operating conditions, improving operational flexibility and enhancing residual heat removal efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate certain embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other relevant drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0017] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor waste heat removal system provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Icons: 100-high-temperature gas-cooled reactor waste heat removal system; 10-reactor compartment; 11-reactor pressure vessel; 12-heat exchanger; 13-hot water header; 14-cold water header; 20-air cooling tower; 21-cooler; 22-air inlet; 23-air outlet; 24-fan; 25-air inlet valve; 26-air outlet valve; 31-water inlet pipe; 32-water outlet pipe; 33-water inlet isolation valve; 34-water outlet isolation valve; 35-drain valve; 41-water supply isolation valve; 42-return water isolation valve; 50-waste heat auxiliary removal device; 51-first pipeline; 52-second pipeline; 53-cooling pump; 54-third pipeline; 55-sprayer; 56-first spray isolation valve; 57-second spray isolation valve; 61-pressure regulator; 62-fourth pipeline; 63-safety valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Generally, the components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the drawings herein can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0020] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but rather merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments derived by persons of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined or explained in subsequent drawings.

[0022] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer" and the like indicate positions or locations based on the positions shown in the accompanying drawings, or the positions or locations in which the inventive product is typically placed when in use. These terms are intended solely to facilitate the description of the present invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the devices or components referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed, or operate in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third," etc., are used solely to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0023] Furthermore, terms such as "horizontal" and "vertical" do not necessarily mean that a component must be absolutely horizontal or overhanging, but rather that it can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" simply means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical," and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but rather that it can be slightly tilted.

[0024] In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "installed," "connected," and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they may refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they may refer to mechanical connections or electrical connections; they may refer to direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and they may refer to internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0025] As described in the background, high-temperature gas-cooled reactors (HTGRs) represent a representative category of advanced fourth-generation nuclear reactor technology. They utilize helium as a coolant, graphite as a moderator, and fully ceramic-coated pellet fuel elements to achieve high-temperature operation. Existing HTGRs are generally equipped with passive residual heat removal systems. While these systems offer advantages in safety and reliability, they still suffer from limitations such as limited operational flexibility and low residual heat removal efficiency.

[0026] Based on this, please refer to Figure 1 The present invention provides a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor waste heat removal system 100 that effectively addresses the aforementioned technical issues. Specifically, it is adaptable to various operating conditions, enhancing operational flexibility and improving waste heat removal efficiency. The following describes the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor waste heat removal system 100 in detail.

[0027] Combine Figure 1 The high-temperature gas-cooled reactor residual heat removal system 100 includes a reactor compartment 10, a reactor pressure vessel 11, a heat exchanger 12, a cooler 21, a water inlet pipe 31, a water outlet pipe 32, a water supply isolation valve 41, a return water isolation valve 42, and a residual heat auxiliary removal device 50. The reactor pressure vessel 11 and the heat exchanger 12 are both disposed within the reactor compartment 10. The cooler 21 is spaced apart from the reactor compartment 10, and its height is greater than that of the reactor compartment 10. The two ends of the water inlet pipe 31 are respectively connected to the liquid outlet of the heat exchanger 12 and the liquid inlet of the cooler 21. The two ends of the water outlet pipe 32 are respectively connected to the liquid inlet of the heat exchanger 12 and the liquid outlet of the cooler 21. The waste heat auxiliary discharge device 50 is connected to the water inlet pipe 31 and the water outlet pipe 32 at the same time. The water supply isolation valve 41 is connected between the waste heat auxiliary discharge device 50 and the water outlet pipe 32, and the return water isolation valve 42 is connected between the waste heat auxiliary discharge device 50 and the water inlet pipe 31.

[0028] Among them, the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor waste heat removal system 100 has a first waste heat removal mode and a second waste heat removal mode. When the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor waste heat removal system 100 is in the first waste heat removal mode, the water supply isolation valve 41 and the return water isolation valve 42 are both in a closed state; when the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor waste heat removal system 100 is in the second waste heat removal mode, the water supply isolation valve 41 and the return water isolation valve 42 are both in an open state.

[0029] In other words, the provision of the residual heat auxiliary discharge device 50 can be understood as an active residual heat discharge design, and in conjunction with the water supply isolation valve 41 and the return water isolation valve 42, switching between active and passive discharge modes is achieved. That is, the first residual heat discharge mode can be understood as a passive residual heat discharge mode. When the reactor unit is operating normally, the water supply isolation valve 41 and the return water isolation valve 42 are both in a closed state, the active mode is isolated, and the passive mode is engaged. In this mode, due to the height difference between the cooler 21 and the reactor compartment 10, the cooling water can circulate naturally between the heat exchanger 12, the water inlet pipe 31, the cooler 21, and the water outlet pipe 32 through physical mechanisms such as gravity and natural convection, thereby discharging the heat generated by the reactor with high safety and reliability.

[0030] The second residual heat removal mode can be understood as an active residual heat removal mode. When the reactor unit is shut down or operating abnormally, if it is necessary to accelerate the cooling of the reactor compartment 10 to achieve rapid startup or residual heat removal requirements, the feed water isolation valve 41 and the return water isolation valve 42 are both opened, and the residual heat auxiliary removal device 50 is activated, switching the system from passive mode to active mode, thereby accelerating the circulation flow rate of the cooling water. Therefore, the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor residual heat removal system 100 can be adapted to different operating conditions, improving operational flexibility and enhancing residual heat removal efficiency.

[0031] Specifically, the waste heat auxiliary removal device 50 includes a first pipeline 51, a second pipeline 52, and a cooling pump 53. The first pipeline 51, the cooling pump 53, and the second pipeline 52 are connected in sequence. The first pipeline 51 is connected to the water inlet pipe 31, and the second pipeline 52 is connected to the water outlet pipe 32. The return water isolation valve 42 is provided in the first pipeline 51, and the water supply isolation valve 41 is provided in the second pipeline 52.

[0032] It is easy to understand that when the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor waste heat removal system 100 is in the second waste heat removal mode, the water supply isolation valve 41 and the return water isolation valve 42 are both opened, and the cooling pump 53 is started, thereby achieving high-pressure flow of cooling water, that is, accelerated circulation flow between the cooler 21, the first pipeline 51, the cooling pump 53 and the second pipeline 52. Figure 1In this mode, and under the action of the cooling pump 53, the cooling water in the water inlet pipe 31 will directly pass through the return water isolation valve 42, and then pass through the first pipeline 51, the cooling pump 53, the second pipeline 52 and the water supply isolation valve 41 in sequence, and then be diverted at the connection between the second pipeline 52 and the outlet pipe 32. Part of the water enters the heat exchanger 12 through the outlet pipe 32, and the other part enters the cooler 21 through the outlet pipe 32 for heat conduction. After flowing out of the cooler 21, it flows back to the return water isolation valve 42 through the water inlet pipe 31. On the one hand, the speed of the cooling water flowing through the cooler 21 and the heat exchanger 12 is increased, and the efficiency of waste heat removal is improved; on the other hand, the coordination between the water inlet pipe 31, the water outlet pipe 32, the first pipeline 51 and the second pipeline 52 can realize the diversion effect of the cooling water under high pressure flow, and also reduce the pressure of the pipeline to a certain extent, ensuring the safety of the system pipeline, thereby improving the service life of the pipeline.

[0033] It should be noted that the residual heat auxiliary discharge device 50 can also serve as the source of water replenishment, water replacement or drug addition for the residual heat discharge system, so as to reduce the interfaces of the system pipelines in the passive residual heat discharge mode, and further improve the flexibility, safety and reliability of the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor residual heat discharge system 100.

[0034] Specifically in this embodiment, a water replenishment device, a water exchange device or a dosing device can be connected to the cooling pump 53, the first pipeline 51 or the second pipeline 52 to reduce the interfaces of the system pipelines in the passive residual heat removal mode, for example, reducing the interfaces of the water inlet pipe 31 or the water outlet pipe 32, thereby ensuring the safety of the reactor unit in normal operation and in the passive mode.

[0035] To facilitate water replacement with the auxiliary waste heat removal device 50, the HTGR waste heat removal system 100 further includes a drain valve 35 disposed on the water outlet pipe 32. In other words, when the water replacement device is connected to the auxiliary waste heat removal device 50 for water addition, the drain valve 35 can be opened to drain water, thereby gradually replacing the cooling water in the system.

[0036] In addition, it should be noted that when the residual heat removal system requires a long period of operation and maintenance, due to the corrosion inhibitors and pH control requirements within the system, metal ions such as sodium may cause activation problems. However, these metal ions have a short half-life and only need to be replaced and moved away from the reactor compartment 10 to decay in a short period of time. Therefore, in this embodiment, the active residual heat auxiliary removal device 50 can be used to replace the cooling water, replacing the passive cooling water near the reactor side to the active side away from the reactor. In other words, the cooling water in the heat exchanger 12 and the water inlet pipe 31 and water outlet pipe 32 near the reactor compartment 10 is replaced into the first pipe 51 and the second pipe 52. After a period of decay, the system dose rate is maintained at a low level, reducing the radiation dose rate of short-term metal ion activation and the exposure dose of operation and maintenance personnel, thereby improving operational safety.

[0037] In the active waste heat removal mode, to enhance the circulating cooling effect of the cooler 21, in this embodiment, the waste heat auxiliary removal device 50 further includes a third pipeline 54 and a sprayer 55. The ends of the third pipeline 54 are connected to the first pipeline 51 and the second pipeline 52, respectively. The sprayer 55 is disposed in the third pipeline 54 and is used to spray cooling water on the cooler 21. The return water isolation valve 42 is located between the connection between the third pipeline 54 and the first pipeline 51, and the connection between the first pipeline 51 and the water inlet pipe 31; the water supply isolation valve 41 is located between the connection between the third pipeline 54 and the second pipeline 52, and the connection between the second pipeline 52 and the water outlet pipe 32.

[0038] By setting the return water isolation valve 42 at the connection between the third pipeline 54 and the first pipeline 51, and between the connection between the first pipeline 51 and the water inlet pipe 31, and setting the make-up water isolation valve 41 at the connection between the third pipeline 54 and the second pipeline 52, and between the connection between the second pipeline 52 and the water outlet pipe 32, it is possible to ensure that the system is in a passive waste heat discharge mode. After closing the return water isolation valve 42 and the make-up water isolation valve 41, cooling water will not flow into the third pipeline 54 and be sprayed out from the sprinkler 55, thereby ensuring the stability of normal waste heat extraction in the passive mode without being affected by other devices.

[0039] Optionally, the sprayer 55 includes a plurality of spray heads, which are spaced apart in the third pipeline 54 , thereby spraying different parts of the cooler 21 and improving the spray cooling effect.

[0040] Furthermore, the waste heat auxiliary discharge device 50 also includes a first spray isolation valve 56 and a second spray isolation valve 57. The first spray isolation valve 56 is arranged in the third pipeline 54 and is located between the sprayer 55 and the second pipeline 52; the second spray isolation valve 57 is arranged in the third pipeline 54 and is located between the sprayer 55 and the first pipeline 51.

[0041] The first spray isolation valve 56 can be understood as an inlet valve, and the second spray isolation valve 57 can be understood as a return valve. By setting the first spray isolation valve 56 and the second spray isolation valve 57, the spraying amount of the sprinkler 55 can be controlled. Of course, it can also be coordinated with the water supply isolation valve 41 and the return water isolation valve 42 according to different operating conditions to achieve different active waste heat discharge modes.

[0042] Specifically, when the HTGR waste heat removal system 100 is in the first waste heat removal mode, the water supply isolation valve 41, the return water isolation valve 42, the first spray isolation valve 56 and the second spray isolation valve 57 are all in a closed state, realizing passive waste heat removal.

[0043] When the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor waste heat removal system 100 is in the second waste heat removal mode, the water supply isolation valve 41 and the return water isolation valve 42 are both in the open state, and the first spray isolation valve 56 and the second spray isolation valve 57 are both in the closed state, thereby realizing active waste heat removal without spraying the cooler 21.

[0044] Furthermore, the HTGR waste heat removal system 100 also has a third waste heat removal mode and a fourth waste heat removal mode. When the HTGR waste heat removal system 100 is in the third waste heat removal mode, the water supply isolation valve 41, the return water isolation valve 42, the first spray isolation valve 56, and the second spray isolation valve 57 are all open. That is, in the active waste heat removal mode, if the cooling effect is poor, the first spray isolation valve 56 and the second spray isolation valve 57 can be further opened to spray the cooler 21, thereby improving the cooling effect of the cooler 21 and thereby enhancing the overall waste heat removal efficiency of the system.

[0045] When the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor residual heat removal system 100 is in the fourth residual heat removal mode, the feed water isolation valve 41 and the return water isolation valve 42 are both closed, and the first spray isolation valve 56 and the second spray isolation valve 57 are both open. In other words, in this situation, the reactor unit can operate normally, with cooling water circulating naturally, while the cooling pump 53 operates only to drive cooling water to circulate between the sprayer 55, the third pipeline 54, the first pipeline 51, and the second pipeline 52, spraying the cooler 21. The pressurized cooling water does not circulate through the cooler 21, allowing the active and passive modes to operate independently, working together to improve the overall residual heat removal effect and ensure the safety of the reactor unit during operation.

[0046] In addition, the fourth waste heat discharge mode can also be a maintenance mode, that is, when rapid cooling is required after an emergency shutdown, or the reactor compartment 10 is isolated for maintenance work and requires rapid cooling, the unit stops running, and the first spray isolation valve 56 and the second spray isolation valve 57 are opened, and the cooling pump 53 is started to quickly spray and cool the cooler 21.

[0047] According to the above description, by cooperating with the first spray isolation valve 56, the second spray isolation valve 57, the water supply isolation valve 41 and the return water isolation valve 42, the system can be better adapted to different operating conditions, further improving the operating flexibility of the system and improving the efficiency of waste heat removal; at the same time, the cooling rate of the system can be reasonably controlled according to the actual operating conditions of the reactor unit to ensure that the waste heat removal system can operate in a better mode, thereby improving the safety of the reactor unit during operation.

[0048] Please continue to combine Figure 1 The high-temperature gas-cooled reactor waste heat removal system 100 also includes an air cooling tower 20, which is spaced apart from the reactor compartment 10 and has a height greater than that of the reactor compartment 10. The air cooling tower 20 has an air inlet 22 and an air outlet 23. The cooler 21 is disposed within the air cooling tower 20 and is located between the air inlet 22 and the air outlet 23. The provision of the air cooling tower 20 provides a cooling and heat conduction location for the cooler 21. The coordination of the air inlet 22 and the air outlet 23 allows air convection to form between the cooler 21 and the air inlet 22 and the air outlet 23, thereby improving the cooling effect.

[0049] Specifically in this embodiment, the sprinkler 55 is also arranged in the air cooling tower 20, and the air inlet 22 is located at the bottom of the air cooling tower 20, and the air outlet 23 is located at the top of the air cooling tower 20, which can further improve the air convection effect and thereby improve the efficiency of waste heat discharge.

[0050] Furthermore, the HTGR waste heat removal system 100 also includes a fan 24, which is disposed within the air cooling tower 20 and located between the cooler 21 and the air inlet 22. By providing the fan 24, the fan 24 can be turned on under different operating conditions to achieve rapid cooling of the cooler 21.

[0051] Specifically, when the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor residual heat removal system 100 is in the first residual heat removal mode, the second residual heat removal mode, the third residual heat removal mode, or the fourth residual heat removal mode, the fan 24 can be turned on to perform forced ventilation cooling on the cooler 21. In other words, whether the fan 24 is turned on or not is not limited to whether the system is in a passive residual heat removal state or an active residual heat removal state. For example, when the reactor needs to be cooled quickly after an emergency shutdown, or when the reactor compartment 10 is isolated for maintenance work and rapid cooling is required, the fan 24 can be turned on to assist in ventilation cooling, improve the residual heat removal effect, and achieve rapid cooling.

[0052] It should be noted that when the sprayer 55 sprays the cooler 21, the fan 24 can also be turned on. At this time, the air formed under the action of the fan 24 can cool the cooling water sprayed by the sprayer 55 to a certain extent, and the cooling water can also be dispersed and sprayed on the cooler 21 under the action of air flow, thereby further improving the cooling effect.

[0053] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the HTGR waste heat removal system 100 also includes an air inlet valve 25 and an air outlet valve 26. The air inlet valve 25 is located at the air inlet 22, and the air outlet valve 26 is located at the air outlet 23. In other words, when the outside temperature fluctuates significantly, the air inlet and outlet volumes can be controlled by adjusting the openings of the air inlet valve 25 and the air outlet valve 26. This prevents ice and cracking of the cooler 21, improves its operational stability and service life, and enhances the efficiency of waste heat removal.

[0054] Please continue to combine Figure 1 The high-temperature gas-cooled reactor residual heat removal system 100 also includes a pressurizer 61 and a fourth pipeline 62. The pressurizer 61 is spaced apart from the reactor compartment 10, and the ends of the fourth pipeline 62 are connected to the pressurizer 61 and the water inlet pipe 31, respectively. The pressurizer 61 can serve as pressure compensation for the residual heat removal system, preventing system leakage and gas collection, which could affect the effectiveness of passive residual heat removal.

[0055] Furthermore, the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor waste heat removal system 100 further includes a safety valve 63 , which is connected to the pressurizer 61 . The safety valve 63 can perform overpressure protection to further ensure the stability of system operation.

[0056] Optionally, the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor waste heat removal system 100 further includes an inlet isolation valve 33 and an outlet isolation valve 34. The inlet isolation valve 33 is disposed on the inlet pipe 31, and the outlet isolation valve 34 is disposed on the outlet pipe 32. As will be readily understood, during normal system operation, the inlet isolation valve 33 and the outlet isolation valve 34 are normally open. However, when isolation and maintenance are required, the inlet isolation valve 33 and the outlet isolation valve 34 can be closed, facilitating maintenance at different locations in the system and improving maintenance efficiency.

[0057] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the water inlet isolation valve 33 and the water outlet isolation valve 34 are both manual valves, while the water replenishment isolation valve 41, the water return isolation valve 42, the first spray isolation valve 56 and the second spray isolation valve 57 are all electric valves, which can further improve the flexibility of system operation.

[0058] Please continue to combine Figure 1 The high-temperature gas cooled reactor waste heat removal system 100 further comprises a hot water header 13 and a cold water header 14, both of which are arranged in the reactor chamber 10, the hot water header 13 is located at the top of the heat exchanger 12 and is in communication with the outlet of the heat exchanger 12 and the water inlet pipe 31 at the same time, and the cold water header 14 is located at the bottom of the heat exchanger 12 and is in communication with the inlet of the heat exchanger 12 and the water outlet pipe 32 at the same time. By arranging the hot water header 13 and the cold water header 14, the inflow and outflow of the cooling water in the heat exchanger 12 can be better realized, and the heat exchange efficiency of the system is further improved.

[0059] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the heat exchanger 12 is specifically a water-cooled wall, which is arranged around the reactor pressure vessel 11, which can further improve the heat exchange efficiency. In addition, in this embodiment, the cooler 21 is specifically an air cooler; of course, in other embodiments, the heat exchanger 12 and the cooler 21 can also adopt other types.

[0060] In summary, an embodiment of the present invention provides a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor waste heat removal system 100, which includes a reactor compartment 10, a reactor pressure vessel 11, a heat exchanger 12, a cooler 21, a water inlet pipe 31, a water outlet pipe 32, a water supply isolation valve 41, a return water isolation valve 42 and a waste heat auxiliary discharge device 50; the reactor pressure vessel 11 and the heat exchanger 12 are both arranged in the reactor compartment 10, the cooler 21 is spaced apart from the reactor compartment 10, and the height of the cooler 21 is greater than the height of the reactor compartment 10; the two ends of the water inlet pipe 31 are respectively connected to the liquid outlet of the heat exchanger 12 and the liquid inlet of the cooler 21, and the two ends of the water outlet pipe 32 are respectively connected to the liquid inlet of the heat exchanger 12 and the liquid inlet of the cooler 21. The liquid outlet of the cooler 21 is connected; the waste heat auxiliary discharge device 50 is connected to the water inlet pipe 31 and the water outlet pipe 32 at the same time, the water supply isolation valve 41 is connected between the waste heat auxiliary discharge device 50 and the water outlet pipe 32, and the return water isolation valve 42 is connected between the waste heat auxiliary discharge device 50 and the water inlet pipe 31; wherein, the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor waste heat discharge system 100 has a first waste heat discharge mode and a second waste heat discharge mode. When the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor waste heat discharge system 100 is in the first waste heat discharge mode, the water supply isolation valve 41 and the return water isolation valve 42 are both in a closed state; when the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor waste heat discharge system 100 is in the second waste heat discharge mode, the water supply isolation valve 41 and the return water isolation valve 42 are both in an open state.

[0061] The provision of the residual heat auxiliary discharge device 50 can be understood as an active residual heat discharge design, and in conjunction with the water supply isolation valve 41 and the return water isolation valve 42, it is possible to switch between active and passive discharge modes. That is, the first residual heat discharge mode can be understood as a passive residual heat discharge mode. When the reactor unit is operating normally, the water supply isolation valve 41 and the return water isolation valve 42 are both in a closed state, the active mode is isolated, and the passive mode is engaged. In this mode, due to the height difference between the cooler 21 and the reactor compartment 10, the cooling water can circulate naturally between the heat exchanger 12, the water inlet pipe 31, the cooler 21, and the water outlet pipe 32 through physical mechanisms such as gravity and natural convection, thereby discharging the heat generated by the reactor with high safety and reliability. The second residual heat removal mode can be understood as an active residual heat removal mode. When the reactor unit is shut down or operating abnormally, if it is necessary to accelerate the cooling of the reactor compartment 10 to achieve rapid startup or residual heat removal requirements, the feed water isolation valve 41 and the return water isolation valve 42 are both opened, and the residual heat auxiliary removal device 50 is activated, switching the system from passive mode to active mode, thereby accelerating the circulation flow rate of the cooling water. Therefore, the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor residual heat removal system 100 can be adapted to different operating conditions, improving operational flexibility and enhancing residual heat removal efficiency.

[0062] Furthermore, the auxiliary waste heat removal device 50 can also serve as a source for water replenishment, water replacement, or chemical addition within the waste heat removal system, reducing the number of system piping interfaces in the passive waste heat removal mode and further enhancing the flexibility, safety, and reliability of the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor waste heat removal system 100. Furthermore, the auxiliary waste heat removal device 50 can also be used for water replacement, reducing the radiation dose rate associated with short-term metal ion activation and the radiation exposure of maintenance personnel, thereby improving operational safety.

[0063] The foregoing description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the present invention is susceptible to various modifications and variations. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high temperature gas-cooled reactor waste heat removal system, characterized in that: It includes a reactor compartment (10), a reactor pressure vessel (11), a heat exchanger (12), a cooler (21), a water inlet pipe (31), a water outlet pipe (32), a water supply isolation valve (41), a return water isolation valve (42), and a residual heat auxiliary discharge device (50); The reactor pressure vessel (11) and the heat exchanger (12) are both arranged in the reactor compartment (10), the cooler (21) is spaced apart from the reactor compartment (10), and the height of the cooler (21) is greater than the height of the reactor compartment (10); both ends of the water inlet pipe (31) are respectively connected to the liquid outlet of the heat exchanger (12) and the liquid inlet of the cooler (21), and both ends of the water outlet pipe (32) are respectively connected to the liquid inlet of the heat exchanger (12) and the liquid outlet of the cooler (21); The residual heat auxiliary discharge device (50) is in communication with the water inlet pipe (31) and the water outlet pipe (32) at the same time, the water supply isolation valve (41) is connected between the residual heat auxiliary discharge device (50) and the water outlet pipe (32), and the return water isolation valve (42) is connected between the residual heat auxiliary discharge device (50) and the water inlet pipe (31); The high-temperature gas-cooled reactor waste heat removal system (100) has a first waste heat removal mode and a second waste heat removal mode. When the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor waste heat removal system (100) is in the first waste heat removal mode, the water supply isolation valve (41) and the return water isolation valve (42) are both in a closed state; when the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor waste heat removal system (100) is in the second waste heat removal mode, the water supply isolation valve (41) and the return water isolation valve (42) are both in an open state.

2. The high temperature gas-cooled reactor waste heat removal system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The residual heat auxiliary discharge device (50) comprises a first pipeline (51), a second pipeline (52) and a cooling pump (53); the first pipeline (51), the cooling pump (53) and the second pipeline (52) are connected in sequence; the first pipeline (51) is connected to the water inlet pipe (31), and the second pipeline (52) is connected to the water outlet pipe (32); The return water isolation valve (42) is provided in the first pipeline (51), and the replenishment water isolation valve (41) is provided in the second pipeline (52).

3. The high temperature gas-cooled reactor waste heat removal system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The residual heat auxiliary discharge device (50) further includes a third pipeline (54) and a sprayer (55), wherein both ends of the third pipeline (54) are respectively connected to the first pipeline (51) and the second pipeline (52), and the sprayer (55) is arranged on the third pipeline (54) and is used to spray cooling water on the cooler (21); The return water isolation valve (42) is located between the connection between the third pipeline (54) and the first pipeline (51), and the connection between the first pipeline (51) and the water inlet pipe (31); and the replenishment water isolation valve (41) is located between the connection between the third pipeline (54) and the second pipeline (52), and the connection between the second pipeline (52) and the water outlet pipe (32).

4. The high temperature gas-cooled reactor waste heat removal system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The residual heat auxiliary discharge device (50) further comprises a first spray isolation valve (56) and a second spray isolation valve (57), wherein the first spray isolation valve (56) is arranged in the third pipeline (54) and is located between the sprayer (55) and the second pipeline (52); the second spray isolation valve (57) is arranged in the third pipeline (54) and is located between the sprayer (55) and the first pipeline (51); Wherein, when the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor residual heat removal system (100) is in the first residual heat removal mode, the water supply isolation valve (41), the return water isolation valve (42), the first spray isolation valve (56), and the second spray isolation valve (57) are all in a closed state; when the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor residual heat removal system (100) is in the second residual heat removal mode, the water supply isolation valve (41) and the return water isolation valve (42) are both in an open state, and the first spray isolation valve (56) and the second spray isolation valve (57) are both in a closed state; The high-temperature gas-cooled reactor waste heat removal system (100) further has a third waste heat removal mode and a fourth waste heat removal mode. When the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor waste heat removal system (100) is in the third waste heat removal mode, the water supply isolation valve (41), the return water isolation valve (42), the first spray isolation valve (56), and the second spray isolation valve (57) are all in an open state; when the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor waste heat removal system (100) is in the fourth waste heat removal mode, the water supply isolation valve (41) and the return water isolation valve (42) are both in a closed state, and the first spray isolation valve (56) and the second spray isolation valve (57) are both in an open state.

5. The high temperature gas-cooled reactor waste heat removal system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-temperature gas-cooled reactor waste heat removal system (100) further includes an air cooling tower (20), the air cooling tower (20) being spaced apart from the reactor compartment (10), and the height of the air cooling tower (20) being greater than the height of the reactor compartment (10); the air cooling tower (20) having an air inlet (22) and an air outlet (23), and the cooler (21) being arranged in the air cooling tower (20) and located between the air inlet (22) and the air outlet (23).

6. The high temperature gas-cooled reactor waste heat removal system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The high-temperature gas-cooled reactor waste heat removal system (100) further includes a fan (24), which is arranged in the air cooling tower (20) and located between the cooler (21) and the air inlet (22).

7. The high temperature gas-cooled reactor waste heat removal system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The high-temperature gas-cooled reactor waste heat removal system (100) further comprises an air inlet valve (25) and an air outlet valve (26), wherein the air inlet valve (25) is arranged at the air inlet (22), and the air outlet valve (26) is arranged at the air outlet (23).

8. The high temperature gas-cooled reactor waste heat removal system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-temperature gas-cooled reactor residual heat removal system (100) further includes a pressurizer (61) and a fourth pipeline (62), wherein the pressurizer (61) is spaced apart from the reactor compartment (10), and both ends of the fourth pipeline (62) are respectively connected to the pressurizer (61) and the water inlet pipe (31).

9. The high temperature gas-cooled reactor waste heat removal system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The high-temperature gas-cooled reactor residual heat removal system (100) further includes a safety valve (63), wherein the safety valve (63) is in communication with the pressurizer (61).

10. The high temperature gas-cooled reactor waste heat removal system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The high-temperature gas-cooled reactor waste heat removal system (100) further comprises a water inlet isolation valve (33) and a water outlet isolation valve (34), wherein the water inlet isolation valve (33) is arranged on the water inlet pipe (31), and the water outlet isolation valve (34) is arranged on the water outlet pipe (32); and / or, The high-temperature gas-cooled reactor waste heat removal system (100) further includes a drain valve (35), the drain valve (35) being arranged on the water outlet pipe (32); and / or, The high-temperature gas-cooled reactor waste heat removal system (100) further includes a hot water header (13) and a cold water header (14), both of which are arranged in the reactor compartment (10), the hot water header (13) being located at the top of the heat exchanger (12) and being in communication with the liquid outlet of the heat exchanger (12) and the water inlet pipe (31); the cold water header (14) being located at the bottom of the heat exchanger (12) and being in communication with the liquid inlet of the heat exchanger (12) and the water outlet pipe (32).

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