High-yield and high-quality planting method for rice in tobacco and rice multiple cropping system

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-yield and high-quality planting method for rice in a tobacco and rice multiple cropping system, and relates to the technical field of rice cultivation. The planting method comprises the steps of sowing and seedling raising, seedling field management, transplanting, field management and harvesting. According to the method, the most suitable transplanting age of the post-tobacco rice, a post-tobacco-harvesting field retting method, variety selection, water and fertilizer management and related technologies of pest control and prevention are optimized, the contradiction of labor and time competition between the tobacco leaf final-harvesting period and the rice transplanting period is effectively coordinated, and the yield and quality of the rice in tobacco and rice multiple cropping are improved. Compared with a traditional planting method, the rice yield is higher, and the yield per mu is increased by 3.5%-4.5%; the agronomic characters such as rice uniformity, plant type, leaf color and maturing period color change are good; the rice stress resistance is stronger, the morbidity of false smut is 5% or below, and the morbidity of rice stem borers is 7-8%; the rice processing quality, the appearance quality and the cooking taste quality are excellent.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of rice cultivation, and in particular to a high-yield and high-quality rice planting method in a tobacco-rice intercropping system. BACKGROUND

[0002] Tobacco-rice intercropping refers to tobacco and rice annual rotation, which is a kind of water-flood rotation. This planting mode can improve the soil microbial environment, improve soil fertility, realize land use and nutrition combination, and also reduce the occurrence of tobacco and rice diseases, pests and weeds, and improve the yield and quality of tobacco and rice, taking into account economic and ecological benefits. At present, the planting area of rice after tobacco is 111,000 mu, and the tobacco-rice intercropping rate is 71.9%. The tobacco area is distributed in 11 counties of Baise City (Jingxi City, Debao County, Longlin Autonomous County, Xilin County, Tianlin County, Leye County and Lingyun County), Hechi City (Luocheng County and Nandan County) and Hezhou City (Zhongshan County and Fuchuan County). Most of the tobacco areas adopt the tobacco-rice intercropping planting mode: tobacco is transplanted in ridges from February to March every year, and tobacco leaves are harvested from early June to mid-July. Rice seedlings are grown from June to July, and rice is transplanted from mid-July to August. The rice variety planted is mainly ordinary hybrid rice. This mode has the following problems: first, the rice variety selected for rotation cannot balance high yield and high quality; second, due to different growth periods of tobacco varieties, weather anomalies causing tobacco leaves to turn green, tobacco farmers delaying harvesting to improve the maturity of upper tobacco leaves, and other reasons, the final tobacco harvesting period is delayed, which causes the rice transplanting period after tobacco to be uncertain, and the optimal transplanting age that can balance rice high yield and high quality cannot be determined; third: rice seedling growth from June to July is in high temperature and high humidity weather in the tobacco area, which is prone to disease. Seedlings are easy to carry pathogens, and are prone to disease during the growth period. In addition, after transplanting, water and fertilizer management and pest control are not in place, which leads to poor root, leaf and plant growth of seedlings. Fourth: after tobacco harvesting, the field is not properly puddled, and farmers often immediately transplant seedlings to save time. Discarded tobacco stalks and tobacco leaves are not properly decomposed, which causes rice to turn yellow, root rot and not grow new roots after transplanting. These ultimately lead to low rice yield and poor quality, so the planting method needs to be optimized to improve the yield and quality of rice in the tobacco-rice rotation mode. SUMMARY

[0003] In view of the above problems, the present application provides a high-yield and high-quality rice planting method in a tobacco-rice intercropping system. By optimizing the seedling raising method, tobacco harvesting and field decomposition method, water and fertilizer management, and pest control, and combining with suitable planting varieties and suitable transplanting age, the yield and quality of rice in the tobacco-rice rotation mode are improved. The specific technical scheme is as follows: A high-yield and high-quality rice planting method in a tobacco-rice intercropping system, comprising the following steps: (1) Seedling raising: a rice variety with moderate growth period, good comprehensive agronomic traits, strong resistance, and rice quality reaching the NY / T 593 high-quality three-grade or above is selected as the planting variety, the seed is dried, disinfected by soaking, and germinated, and then is sown, and the sowing is completed in early June to late June; (2) Seedling bed management: the seedling bed is kept moist, and rice planthoppers, leaf rollers, and rice blast are prevented by spraying tricyclazole and chlorantraniliprole twice during the seedling stage, the first spraying is performed 7-10 days after sowing, and the second spraying is performed 3-5 days before transplanting; after 3-4 leaves grow, the seedlings are irrigated with a biological organic fertilizer leaching solution every 5-7 days, and the amount is 10-12 kg per mu; (3) Transplanting: seedlings with a seedling age of 20-30 days are transplanted, the transplanting density is 1.8-2.2 thousand hills per mu, and the average number of seedlings per hill is 2-3; (4) Field management: including fertilization, water management, weeding, and disease and pest control; the water management is that: 1-2 cm of water layer is kept in the field during transplanting; shallow irrigation is performed from after transplanting to the end of effective tillering, and 3-5 cm of water layer is kept; the seedlings are exposed to the sun and the field is dried, and water is supplied when the seedlings turn yellow; after the seedlings enter the stage of two leaves, dry and wet irrigation is performed; 1-2 cm of water layer should be kept in the field during the heading and flowering stages; dry and wet irrigation is performed after the panicles are full; 7-10 days before harvesting, the water is cut off; (5) Harvesting: when more than 90% of the grains turn yellow, the rice is harvested, threshed, dried, and then packaged and stored after the moisture content of the rice is controlled to be less than or equal to 13.5%.

[0004] Preferably, in step (1), the rice variety is Jinzhengxiang, Guiyumeixiang, Guixiang 18, or Guixiang 99.

[0005] Preferably, in step (1), the sowing amount is 2.0-2.5 kg per mu.

[0006] Preferably, in step (4), the water management further includes the following steps: 2-3 days after transplanting, the water is drained and the field is dried, and then the water is supplied for irrigation; the water is supplied for irrigation until the end of effective tillering, and 3-5 cm of water layer is kept.

[0007] Preferably, in step (4), the fertilization includes the following steps: base fertilizer is applied during transplanting, the base fertilizer is composted organic fertilizer 500-750 kg per mu, green manure 1000-1500 kg per mu, or compound fertilizer (15:15:15) 30-40 kg per mu; 5-7 days after transplanting, the first topdressing, i.e., the green return fertilizer, is performed, and 5-7.5 kg of urea is applied per mu; 12-15 days after transplanting, the tillering fertilizer is applied, and 10-12.5 kg of urea, 10-12 kg of potassium chloride, and 2-3 kg of silicon fertilizer are applied per mu, or 25-30 kg of compound fertilizer (15:15:15) and 2-3 kg of silicon fertilizer are applied per mu; no panicle fertilizer is applied.

[0008] Preferably, in step (4), the weeding comprises: 3-7 days after sowing, 60% butachlor emulsifiable concentrate 85-140 mL is prepared into poison soil and is applied per mu; 2-10 days before transplanting, 20-40 g of glyphosate is mixed with 50 kg of water per mu and is sprayed; 5-7 days after transplanting, 1330-2000 g of 10% benoxacor granules or 266-400 mL of 50% benoxacor emulsion oil is sprayed in combination with the first topdressing.

[0009] Preferably, in step (4), the disease and pest control comprises: when the rice blast disease center is found in the rice field, 70% triadimefon wettable powder or 40% isoprothiolane emulsion oil is used for control; when the rice sheath blight and rice false smut disease incidence rate is 15-20% at the tillering stage and 3% or more at the booting stage, 30% love emulsion oil is used for control; when the occurrence of each mu of rice borer egg mass is 50 or more, 20% chlorantraniliprole suspension concentrate or 5% abamectin emulsion oil is used for control; when the number of rice leaf roller larvae is 65-85 per hundred clusters at the tillering stage and 40-60 or more at the booting stage, 20% chlorantraniliprole suspension concentrate or 1% emamectin benzoate emulsion oil or bacillus thuringiensis water dispersible granules is used for control.

[0010] Preferably, the planting method further comprises field pretreatment 3-5 days before transplanting, and the pretreatment comprises: after the residual tobacco stalks in the field are crushed, fermentation material is applied and uniformly ploughed into the soil; the preparation method of the fermentation material is as follows: 10-12 parts of tobacco leaves and 50-60 parts of legume crop straw are crushed, then mixed with 15-23 parts of rotten cow manure, the moisture content is adjusted to 60-70%, 5-10% of actinomycetes, 2-5% of bacillus subtilis and 5-8% of azotobacter chroococcum are inoculated, and then fermented at 35-40 DEG C for 10-20 days, and then 5-10 parts of biochar and 12-24 parts of soybean meal powder are added and fermented at 30-35 DEG C for 5-7 days, thereby obtaining the fermentation material.

[0011] Preferably, the application amount of the fermentation material is 80-120 kg per mu.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages: 1. The present application optimizes the seedling raising method, field soaking method after tobacco harvesting, water and fertilizer management, disease and pest control, and combines with suitable planting varieties and suitable transplanting seedling age, thereby improving the yield and quality of rice in the tobacco-rice rotation mode. Compared with the traditional planting method, the yield of rice is higher, the yield per mu is increased by 3.5-4.5%, the agronomic characters such as rice uniformity, plant type, leaf color and maturity color are better, the rice resistance is stronger, the incidence rate of false smut disease is 5% or less, the incidence rate of rice borer is 7-8%, and the processing quality, appearance quality and cooking and eating quality of rice are better.

[0013] 2. The application optimizes the prevention and treatment of diseases and pests, adopts spraying twice and combining with the leaching solution of biological organic fertilizer during the seedling stage, and carries out precise prevention and control on rice blast, rice sheath blight, rice scald, rice borer and rice leaf roller during field management. The combination of disease and pest control during the seedling stage and the field management stage can effectively control the occurrence and development of diseases and pests.

[0014] 3. The application optimizes the water management method, drains water and exposes the field for 2-3 days after transplanting for 5-7 days, and applies urea during this period. The method of exposing the field and supplementing urea can accelerate the growth of microorganisms and accelerate the decomposition of residues such as tobacco leaves and tobacco stems, effectively preventing the occurrence of phenomena such as yellowing of rice after transplanting, root rot, and no new roots. At the same time, the application carries out field pretreatment 3-5 days before transplanting, which can increase the content of beneficial microorganisms in the field and reduce soil acidity, and promote the decomposition of residues such as tobacco leaves and tobacco stems. The fermentation material used in the pretreatment is mainly fermented from tobacco leaves, legume straw, mature cow dung, actinomycetes, bacillus subtilis, azotobacter chroococcum, biochar and soybean meal powder. The temperature control fermentation method of high-temperature fermentation followed by low-temperature fermentation makes the fermentation material contain a large number of microorganisms that promote the decomposition of cellulose and lignin, and the microorganisms have high activity and better decomposition effect. Therefore, the combination of pretreatment, field exposure and urea application accelerates the decomposition of residues such as tobacco leaves and tobacco stems, and promotes the growth of rice seedlings.

[0015] 4. The application adopts seedlings with a seedling age of 20-30 days for transplanting, which can increase yield and improve the rough rice rate and head rice rate of rice, which is beneficial to processing quality, and other rice quality indicators also reach high-quality level. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] The specific embodiments of the application will be described in detail below, but it should be understood that the protection scope of the application is not limited by the specific embodiments.

[0017] Example 1 A tobacco-rice intercropping system rice high-yield and high-quality planting method, comprising the following steps: (1) Seeding and seedling raising: Selecting Jinnianxiang (Guishen rice 2022161) as the planting variety, the seeds are subjected to seed drying, seed soaking and disinfection, and germination promotion, and then are seeded, the seeding amount is 2.0 kg / acre, and the seeding is completed in late June.

[0018] (2) Seedling field management: The seedling field is kept moist, and the rice planthopper, leaf roller and rice blast are prevented and treated by spraying triflumizole and chlorantraniliprole twice during the seedling stage, the first time is 7 days after seeding, and the second time is 3 days before transplanting; the biological organic fertilizer leaching solution is applied once every 5 days after the seedlings grow 3 leaves, the amount is 10 kg / acre.

[0019] (3) Transplantation: The field was pretreated 3 days before transplanting. After pretreatment, 20-day-old seedlings were used for transplanting. The transplanting density was 18,000 clumps / mu, with an average of 2 seedlings per clump.

[0020] The pretreatment comprises: crushing the remaining tobacco stalks in the field, spreading fermentation material at an application rate of 80 kg / mu, and evenly plowing the fermentation material into the soil; the preparation method of the fermentation material is: first crushing 10 parts of tobacco leaves and 50 parts of leguminous crop straw, mixing them with 15 parts of decomposed cow dung, adjusting the moisture content to 60%, inoculating 5% of actinomycetes, 2% of Bacillus subtilis and 5% of round brown nitrogen-fixing bacteria, fermenting at 35°C for 10 days, and then adding 5 parts of biochar and 12 parts of soybean meal powder and fermenting at 30°C for 5 days to obtain the fermentation material.

[0021] (4) Field management: including fertilization, water management, weeding, and pest and disease control; 4.1) Fertilization: Apply base fertilizer at the time of transplanting, which is 500 kg / mu of decomposed organic fertilizer. Apply the first topdressing, i.e., greening fertilizer, of 5 kg urea / mu, 5 days after transplanting. Apply tillering fertilizer 12 days after transplanting, of 10 kg urea, 10 kg potassium chloride, and 2 kg silicon fertilizer / mu. No ear fertilizer is applied.

[0022] 4.2) Water Management: Maintain a 1cm water layer in the field during transplanting; drain and air-dry the field for 2 days 5 days after transplanting, then re-irrigate and irrigate until the end of tillering, maintaining a 3cm water layer; air-dry the field until the seedlings are fully grown, and re-water when they turn yellow; irrigate alternately between wet and dry conditions after the seedlings enter the second leaf stage; maintain a 1cm water layer in the field during heading and flowering; irrigate alternately between wet and dry conditions after the ears have fully formed; and stop watering 7 days before harvest.

[0023] 4.3) Weeding: Three days after sowing, apply 85 mL of 60% butachlor emulsifiable concentrate per mu to make a poisoned soil for spreading; two days before transplanting, spray 20 g of gramineous oxalate diluted with 50 kg of water per mu; five days after transplanting, apply 1330 g of 10% gramineous oxalate granules per mu in combination with the first topdressing.

[0024] 4.4) Pest and disease control includes: When rice blast centers are found in paddy fields, use 70% tricyclazole wettable powder for control; when the incidence of rice sheath blight and false smut reaches 15-20% at the tillering stage and more than 3% at the heading stage, use 30% Ai Miao emulsifiable concentrate for control; when the incidence of stem borer eggs is more than 50 per mu, use 20% chlorantraniliprole suspension concentrate for control; when the number of rice leaf roller larvae is 65 per 100 bushes at the tillering stage and more than 40 per 100 bushes at the heading stage, use 20% chlorantraniliprole suspension concentrate for control.

[0025] (5) Harvesting: Harvest, thresh and dry the rice when more than 90% of the grains turn yellow, and then pack and store the rice after controlling the moisture content to 13%.

[0026] Example 2 A high-yield and high-quality planting method of rice in a tobacco-rice intercropping system, comprising the following steps: (1) Seedling raising: Guiyumeixiang (Gui Sheng rice 2022163) is selected as the planting variety, and the seeds are sowed after being dried, soaked and disinfected, and germinated, with a sowing amount of 2.5 kg / mu, and the sowing is completed in late June.

[0027] (2) Seedling bed management: the seedling bed is kept moist, and triazoles and chlorantraniliprole are sprayed twice for the control of rice planthoppers, leaf rollers and rice blast, the first spraying is performed 10 days after sowing, and the second spraying is performed 5 days before transplanting; starting from the emergence of 4 leaves, the seedlings are irrigated with a biological organic fertilizer leachate every 7 days, with a dosage of 12 kg / mu.

[0028] (3) Transplanting: the field is pretreated 5 days before transplanting, and seedlings with a 30-day age are transplanted after the pretreatment, with a density of 22,000 hills / mu, and an average of 3 seedlings per hill.

[0029] The pretreatment comprises: crushing the residual tobacco stalks in the field, applying the fermented material with a dosage of 120 kg / mu, and uniformly plowing the fermented material into the soil; the preparation method of the fermented material is as follows: 12 parts of tobacco leaves and 60 parts of legume crop straw are crushed, mixed with 23 parts of mature cow manure, and adjusted to a water content of 70%, and then 10% of actinomycetes, 5% of bacillus subtilis, and 8% of azotobacter chroococcum are inoculated, and then fermented at 40 DEG C for 20 days, and then 10 parts of biochar and 24 parts of soybean meal powder are added and fermented at 35 DEG C for 7 days, to obtain the fermented material.

[0030] (4) Field management: including fertilization, water management, weeding and disease and pest control; 4.1) Fertilization: base fertilizer is applied when transplanting, the base fertilizer is green manure 1000 kg / mu; the first topdressing, i.e., the green-up fertilizer, is applied 7 days after transplanting, with a dosage of 7.5 kg of urea per mu; the tillering fertilizer is applied 15 days after transplanting, with a dosage of 30 kg of compound fertilizer (15:15:15) and 3 kg of silicon fertilizer per mu; no heading fertilizer is applied.

[0031] 4.2) Water management: a 2 cm water layer is maintained in the field when transplanting; 3 days after transplanting, the field is drained and dried, and then rewatered and irrigated, and the 5 cm water layer is maintained until the end of the tillering period; the seedlings are dried and dried, and then rewatered and irrigated; after the 2nd leaf stage, dry and wet irrigation is performed; a 2 cm water layer is maintained in the field during the heading and flowering stages; dry and wet irrigation is performed after the heading and hooking; and the water is cut off 10 days before harvesting.

[0032] 4.3) Weeding: 7 days after sowing, 60% butachlor emulsion 140 mL is prepared into toxic soil and applied per mu; 10 days before transplanting, 40 g of glyphosate is mixed with 50 kg of water and sprayed; 7 days after transplanting, 50% endothall emulsion 400 mL is combined with the first topdressing and sprayed per mu.

[0033] 4.4) Disease and pest control includes: when the rice blast outbreak center is found in the rice field, 40% isoprothiolane emulsion is used for control; when the incidence rate of rice sheath blight and rice false smut is 15-20% at tillering stage and 3% at booting stage, 30% love milk oil is used for control; when the occurrence of each mu of rice borer is more than 50 blocks, 5% abamectin emulsion is used for control; when the number of rice leaf roller is more than 85 per hundred clusters at tillering stage and 60 at booting stage, 1% emamectin benzoate emulsion is used for control.

[0034] (5) Harvesting: when more than 90% of the grains are yellow, harvesting, threshing, drying are carried out, and the rice is packaged and stored after the moisture content is controlled to 12%.

[0035] Example 3 A high-yield and high-quality rice planting method in a tobacco-rice intercropping system, comprising the following steps: (1) Seeding and seedling raising: Guixiang 99 (Guishen rice 2020186) is selected as the planting variety, the seeds are dried, soaked and disinfected, and germinated, and then seeded, with a seeding amount of 2.2 kg / acre, and the seeding is completed in late June.

[0036] (2) Seedling field management: the seedling field is kept moist, and three ringazole and chlorantraniliprole are sprayed twice for the control of rice planthoppers, leaf rollers and rice blast, the first spraying is performed 8 days after seeding, and the second spraying is performed 4 days before transplanting; after the seedlings grow 4 leaves, a biological organic fertilizer leachate is poured every 6 days, with a dosage of 11 kg / acre.

[0037] (3) Transplanting: the field is pretreated 4 days before transplanting, and then seedlings with a seedling age of 25 days are transplanted, with a density of 20,000 hills / acre, and an average of 3 seedlings per hill.

[0038] The pretreatment comprises: the residual tobacco stalks in the field are crushed, and then the fermented material is applied, with an application amount of 100 kg / acre, and the fermented material is uniformly ploughed into the soil; the preparation method of the fermented material is as follows: 11 parts of tobacco leaves and 55 parts of legume crop straw are crushed, mixed with 20 parts of mature cow manure, and adjusted to a water content of 65%, and then 8% actinomycetes, 3% bacillus subtilis and 6% azotobacter chroococcum are inoculated, and then fermented at 35°C for 15 days, and then 7 parts of biochar and 19 parts of soybean meal powder are added and fermented at 30°C for 6 days, to obtain the fermented material.

[0039] (4) Field management: including fertilization, water management, weeding and disease and pest control; 4.1) Fertilization: base fertilizer is applied at transplanting, and the base fertilizer is compound fertilizer (15:15:15) 35 kg / acre; the first topdressing, i.e., the green recovery fertilizer, is applied 6 days after transplanting, with a dosage of 6 kg of urea per acre; the tillering fertilizer is applied 13 days after transplanting, with a dosage of 28 kg of compound fertilizer (15:15:15) and 2.3 kg of silicon fertilizer per acre; no heading fertilizer is applied.

[0040] 4.2) Water Management: Maintain a 2cm water layer in the field during transplanting; drain and air-dry the field for 3 days 6 days after transplanting, then re-irrigate and irrigate until the end of tillering, maintaining a 3cm water layer; air-dry the field after the seedlings are fully grown, and re-water when they turn yellow; irrigate alternately between wet and dry conditions after the seedlings enter the second leaf stage; maintain a 1cm water layer in the field during heading and flowering; irrigate alternately between wet and dry conditions after the ears have fully formed; and stop watering 8 days before harvest.

[0041] 4.3) Weeding: Six days after sowing, apply 100 mL of 60% butachlor emulsifiable concentrate per mu to make a poisoned soil for spreading; seven days before transplanting, spray 30 g of gramineous oxalate diluted with 50 kg of water per mu; six days after transplanting, apply 300 mL of 50% gramineous oxalate emulsifiable concentrate per mu in combination with the first topdressing.

[0042] 4.4) Pest and disease control includes: When rice blast centers are found in paddy fields, use 70% tricyclazole wettable powder for control; when the incidence of rice sheath blight and false smut reaches 15-20% at the tillering stage and more than 3% at the heading stage, use 30% Ai Miao emulsifiable concentrate for control; when the incidence of stem borer eggs exceeds 50 per mu, use 20% chlorantraniliprole suspension concentrate for control; when the incidence of rice leaf roller larvae exceeds 70 per 100 bushes at the tillering stage and more than 50 per 100 bushes at the heading stage, use Bacillus thuringiensis water-dispersible granules for control.

[0043] (5) Harvesting: Harvest, thresh and dry the rice when more than 90% of the grains turn yellow, and then pack and store the rice after the moisture content is controlled to 10%.

[0044] Example 4: The rice variety planted in this example is Guixiang 18 (Guishen Rice No. 2020183), and the other planting steps are the same as in Example 3.

[0045] Comparative Example 1: Planting was carried out using the traditional planting method, and the specific steps were as follows: (1) Sowing and raising seedlings: Zhongguangxiang No. 1 was selected as the planting variety. The seeds were sown after being sun-dried, soaked and disinfected, and germinated. The sowing amount was 2.2 kg / mu, and the sowing was completed in early July.

[0046] (2) Management of seedling fields: Keep the seedling fields moist and do not spray pesticides during the seedling stage. After the seedlings grow 4 leaves, sprinkle the fields with bio-organic fertilizer extract every 6 days at a dosage of 13 kg / mu.

[0047] (3) Transplantation: The field was pretreated 4 days before transplanting. After pretreatment, 42-day-old seedlings were used for transplanting. The transplanting density was 20,000 clumps / mu, with an average of 3 seedlings per clump.

[0048] The pretreatment comprises: crushing the remaining tobacco stalks in the field and plowing them into the soil.

[0049] (4) Field management: including fertilization, water management, weeding, and pest and disease control; 4.1) Fertilization: Apply base fertilizer at the time of transplanting, which is 35 kg / mu of compound fertilizer (15:15:15); apply the first topdressing fertilizer, i.e., greening fertilizer, 6 kg of urea per mu, 6 days after transplanting; apply tillering fertilizer 13 days after transplanting, which is 28 kg of compound fertilizer (15:15:15) and 2.3 kg of silicon fertilizer per mu; do not apply ear fertilizer.

[0050] 4.2) Water management: Maintain a 2cm water layer in the field during transplanting; maintain a 3cm water layer from transplanting to the end of tillering; allow the seedlings to dry in the field, and add water when the seeds turn yellow.

[0051] 4.3) Weeding: Six days after sowing, apply 100 mL of 60% butachlor emulsifiable concentrate per mu to make a poisoned soil for spreading; seven days before transplanting, spray 30 g of gramineous oxalate diluted with 50 kg of water per mu; six days after transplanting, apply 300 mL of 50% gramineous oxalate emulsifiable concentrate per mu in combination with the first topdressing.

[0052] 4.4) Pest and disease control includes: When diseases are found in rice fields, use 70% tricyclazole wettable powder to control them; when insect pests are found, use 20% chlorantraniliprole suspension concentrate to control them.

[0053] (5) Harvesting: Harvest, thresh and dry the rice when more than 90% of the grains turn yellow, and then pack and store the rice after the moisture content is controlled to 10%.

[0054] Comparative Example 2: The planted variety is Guixiang 99, and the specific planting steps are the same as those of Comparative Example 1.

[0055] In order to demonstrate that the method of the present invention can improve the yield and quality of rice in the tobacco-rice multiple cropping system, the applicant conducted the following planting experiments in Xinjing Town, Jingxi City in 2023: Overview of the experimental site: The soil in the experimental field is sandy clay and has been used as a tobacco-rice intercropping field for a long time. Before transplanting, the basic physical and chemical properties of the soil in the experimental field were measured: pH 5.1, hydrolyzable nitrogen 187.7 mg / kg, available phosphorus 103.1 mg / kg, available potassium 354.1 mg / kg, and organic matter 38.9 g / kg.

[0056] The test is divided into 6 groups, group 1 to group 4 respectively adopts the method of example 1 to example 4 to plant rice, group 5 adopts the method of comparative example 1 to plant, group 6 adopts the method of comparative example 2 to plant, each group sets 3 repeats, statistics each group's agronomic characters, the occurrence of disease and insect pests, yield and rice quality, yield and its constituent factors: after maturity, according to five point sampling method from each plot 5 investigation of each spikelet number, seed setting rate and thousand grain weight, effective ear number is the average number of 10. Yield is calculated according to the actual yield of each group and is converted according to the area. Rice quality: after harvesting and threshing, the rice quality of each group is determined, the rough rice rate is determined by TP-JLG-2018 huller, the whole milled rice rate is determined by 5599 cooling type intelligent rice machine, the grain length, length-width ratio, chalkiness and chalky grain rate are determined by SC-E type rice appearance quality detection analyzer system, and the amylose content is determined by SATAKE RLTA10B-KC taste instrument. The results are shown in the following table: Table 1 yield comparison of each group Note: different lowercase letters after the same column data represent significant difference P <0.05), CK refers to comparative example 1.

[0057] Table 2 comparison of agronomic characters of each group Note: different lowercase letters after the same column data represent significant difference P <0.05) Table 3 comparison of rice quality characters of each group Note: different lowercase letters after the same column data represent significant difference P <0.05) Table 4 comparison of rice borer incidence of each group Incidence rate = (disease number / investigation number) x 100% Table 5 comparison of rice smut incidence of each group Incidence rate = (disease number / investigation number) x 100% The above table shows that compared with the traditional planting method, the yield of the method of the application is higher, the disease and insect pest incidence is lower, and the quality is better, especially the rice chalkiness is lower.

[0058] In summary, the present application optimizes the seedling raising method, the method of paddy field after tobacco harvesting, water and fertilizer management, disease and pest control, and combines with suitable planting varieties and suitable seedling age, so as to improve the yield and quality of rice in tobacco-rice rotation mode. Compared with the traditional planting method, the yield of rice is higher, the yield per mu is increased by 3.5-4.5%; the agronomic characters of rice such as uniformity, plant type, leaf color, maturity and color change are better; the stress resistance of rice is stronger, the incidence of rice blast is less than 5%, the incidence of rice borer is 7-8%; the processing quality, appearance quality and cooking and eating quality of rice are better.

[0059] The foregoing description of specific exemplary embodiments of the application is intended to be illustrative only and is not intended to limit the application to the precise forms described. Many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teachings without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the present application. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain the principles of the application and its practical application and to allow others skilled in the art to understand the application for various exemplary embodiments with various modifications being applicable. The scope of the application is intended to be defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for high-yield and high-quality rice cultivation in a tobacco-rice multiple cropping system, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Sowing and raising seedlings: Select rice varieties with moderate growth period, good comprehensive agronomic traits, strong resistance, and rice quality reaching NY / T 593 high-quality grade 3 or above as planting varieties. Sow the seeds after sun-drying, soaking, disinfection, and germination. Sowing should be completed from early to late June. (2) Management of seedling fields: Keep the seedling fields moist and spray them twice during the seedling stage for pest and disease control. The first time is 7-10 days after sowing, and the second time is 3-5 days before transplanting. After the seedlings have 3-4 leaves, spray them with bio-organic fertilizer extract every 5-7 days, with a dosage of 10-12 kg / mu. (3) Transplanting: Use 20-30 day old seedlings for transplanting, with a transplanting density of 18,000-22,000 stalks / mu, with an average of 2-3 seedlings per stalk; (4) Field management: including fertilization, water management, weeding and pest control; the water management is as follows: maintain a 1-2 cm water layer in the field during transplanting; irrigate with shallow water from transplanting to the end of effective tillering, maintaining a 3-5 cm water layer; sun-dry the field until the seedlings are fully grown, and add water when they turn yellow; irrigate alternately with wet and dry conditions after entering the second leaf stage; maintain a 1-2 cm water layer in the field during the heading and flowering stage; irrigate alternately with wet and dry conditions after the ears are fully grown; and stop watering 7-10 days before harvest. (5) Harvesting: Harvest, thresh and dry the rice when more than 90% of the grains turn yellow, and then package and store the rice after the moisture content is controlled to below 13.5%.

2. The method for high-yield and high-quality rice cultivation in a tobacco-rice multiple cropping system according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the rice variety is Jinzhenxiang, Guiyumeixiang, Guixiang 18 or Guixiang 99.

3. The method for high-yield and high-quality rice cultivation in a tobacco-rice multiple cropping system according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the sowing amount is 2.0-2.5 kg / mu.

4. The method for high-yield and high-quality rice cultivation in a tobacco-rice multiple cropping system according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (4), the water management further includes draining the field and drying it for 2-3 days 5-7 days after transplanting, and then re-irrigating the field, and re-irrigating the field until the end of the effective tillering stage to maintain a 3-5 cm water layer.

5. The method for high-yield and high-quality rice cultivation in a tobacco-rice multiple cropping system according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (4), the fertilizing includes: applying base fertilizer first at the time of transplanting, the base fertilizer being 500-750 kg / mu of decomposed organic fertilizer, 1000-1500 kg / mu of green manure or 30-40 kg / mu of compound fertilizer (15:15:15); applying the first topdressing 5-7 days after transplanting, i.e., green fertilizer, applying 5-7.5 kg of urea per mu; applying tillering fertilizer 12-15 days after transplanting, applying 10-12.5 kg of urea, 10-12 kg of potassium chloride and 2-3 kg of silicon fertilizer per mu, or applying 25-30 kg of compound fertilizer (15:15:15) and 2-3 kg of silicon fertilizer per mu; and not applying ear fertilizer.

6. The method for high-yield and high-quality rice cultivation in a tobacco-rice multiple cropping system according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (4), the weeding includes: 3-7 days after sowing, using 85-140 mL of 60% butachlor emulsifiable concentrate per mu to make poisoned soil for spreading; 2-10 days before transplanting, using 20-40 g of gramineous quat per mu diluted with 50 kg of water for spraying; 5-7 days after transplanting, using 1330-2000 g of 10% gramineous quat granules or 266-400 mL of 50% gramineous quat emulsifiable concentrate per mu in combination with the first topdressing spraying.

7. The method for high-yield and high-quality rice cultivation in a tobacco-rice multiple cropping system according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (4), the pest control includes: when the center of rice blast disease is found in the rice field, 70% tricyclazole wettable powder or 40% blast-in-agent emulsifiable concentrate is used for control; when the incidence rate of rice sheath blight and rice false smut is 15-20% at the tillering stage and more than 3% at the heading stage, 30% Ai Miao emulsifiable concentrate is used for control; when the number of egg masses of rice borer is more than 50 per mu, 20% chlorantraniliprole suspension concentrate or 5% avermectin emulsifiable concentrate is used for control; when the number of larvae of rice leaf roller is 65-85 per hundred bushes at the tillering stage and more than 40-60 per hundred bushes at the heading stage, 20% chlorantraniliprole suspension concentrate or 1% emamectin benzoate emulsifiable concentrate or Bacillus thuringiensis water-dispersible granules is used for control.

8. The method for high-yield and high-quality rice cultivation in a tobacco-rice multiple cropping system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The planting method also includes pre-treating the field 3-5 days before transplanting, and the pre-treatment includes: crushing the remaining tobacco stalks in the field, spreading fermentation material, and evenly plowing the fermentation material into the soil; the preparation method of the fermentation material is: first crushing 10-12 parts of tobacco leaves and 50-60 parts of leguminous crop straw, mixing them with 15-23 parts of decomposed cow dung, adjusting the moisture content to 60-70%, inoculating 5-10% of actinomycetes, 2-5% of Bacillus subtilis and 5-8% of round brown nitrogen-fixing bacteria, fermenting at 35-40°C for 10-20 days, and then adding 5-10 parts of biochar and 12-24 parts of soybean meal powder and fermenting at 30-35°C for 5-7 days to obtain the fermentation material.

9. The method for high-yield and high-quality rice cultivation in a tobacco-rice multiple cropping system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The application amount of the fermentation material is 80-120 kg / mu.

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