Watermelon seedling grafting method capable of rapidly healing wound surface

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of crop planting, in particular to a watermelon seedling grafting method capable of rapidly healing a wound surface, which comprises the following steps of: performing strong seedling management before grafting a stock and a scion, protecting the wound surface by using healing-promoting gel during grafting operation, protecting the wound surface by using a film formed by the healing-promoting gel, and matching with environment management after grafting. According to the method, the grafting survival rate is greatly increased, the seedling recovery speed is high, the growth vigor is good, and wilting and disease phenomena are avoided in the healing process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of crop cultivation technology, specifically to a grafting method for watermelon seedlings that promotes rapid wound healing. Background Technology

[0002] Watermelon is a common fruit and plays an important role in the agricultural economy. In watermelon cultivation, pumpkin or gourd seedlings are commonly used as rootstocks, with watermelon seedlings as scions. The watermelon seedling is grafted onto the rootstock, and after the graft heals, it is transplanted to greenhouses or fields. The strong root systems and disease resistance of gourds or pumpkins are utilized to ensure high watermelon yields and reduce disease occurrence. The quality of graft union healing and the survival rate of grafted watermelon seedlings are related to the compatibility between the rootstock and scion, the grafting method, and also significantly influenced by grafting treatment and pre- and post-grafting management. Current techniques primarily promote graft wound healing by spraying healing agents around the graft union during the grafting process. However, existing grafting healing agents are mostly composed of plant growth regulators, resulting in a single component, slow healing, poor water retention, and poor overall effectiveness. Furthermore, current techniques lack research on pre- and post-grafting seedling management, leading to problems such as low grafting success rates and poor seedling recovery after grafting. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for grafting watermelon seedlings that promotes rapid wound healing, thereby solving the problems existing in the prior art.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to achieve its purpose is: a method for grafting watermelon seedlings to promote rapid wound healing, including pre-grafting management of rootstock and scion, grafting and wound management, and post-grafting environmental management.

[0005] Furthermore, the pre-grafting management of the rootstock and scion includes: irrigating the rootstock and scion once with grafting nutrient enhancement solution within 48-72 hours before grafting.

[0006] Further, the grafting nutrient fortification solution comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: Base solution: 1.5-3.5 parts calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, 0.2-0.4 parts calcium chloride, 0.8-2.1 parts trehalose, 0.1-0.2 parts Schizophyllum commune polysaccharide, 0.04-0.08 parts Fe-EDDHA, and 1000 parts water; Multi-element nutrient solution: 0.4-0.8 parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.45-0.9 parts magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 0.03-0.07 parts zinc sulfate, 0.02-0.04 parts manganese sulfate, 0.01-0.02 parts boric acid, 0.001-0.002 parts sodium molybdate, and 1000 parts water; Active solution: 0.06-0.12 parts active nutrient agent, 0.004-0.008 parts salicylic acid, and 25 parts water.

[0007] Furthermore, the active nutrient is Astragalus polysaccharide.

[0008] Furthermore, the grafting and wound management includes: selecting rootstocks and scions of similar size, cleaning and disinfecting the rootstocks and scions, using a sterilized blade to make a downward oblique cut below the cotyledons of the rootstock, with a cut depth of 1 / 3–1 / 2 of the rootstock hypocotyl, and making an upward oblique cut below the cotyledons of the scion, with a cut depth of 1 / 3–1 / 2 of the scion hypocotyl, ensuring that the cut lengths of the rootstocks and scions are consistent, applying a healing-promoting gel to the cuts of the rootstocks and scions respectively, then joining the scion and rootstock, evenly spraying a film-promoting agent at the joint, and finally fixing with grafting clips or wrapping with plastic wrap.

[0009] Further, the healing-promoting gel comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-1.5 parts sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 0.8-1.2 parts sodium alginate, 0.3-0.5 parts tea polyphenols, 0.6-1 parts chitosan, 2-3 parts glycerin, 0.2-0.4 parts xanthan gum, 0.001-0.002 parts gibberellin GA3 soluble powder, 0.0006-0.001 parts sodium nitroprusside, and 100 parts deionized water.

[0010] Furthermore, the method for preparing the healing-promoting gel is as follows: (1) Heat deionized water to between 40-45°C, add sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and xanthan gum, and stir until completely dissolved; (2) Cool down to between 30-35℃, add sodium alginate, chitosan and tea polyphenols, and stir for 30 minutes; (3) Keep the temperature between 30-35℃, add gibberellin GA3 soluble powder and sodium nitroprusside under dark conditions, and stir for 20 minutes; (4) Add a small amount of citric acid aqueous solution to adjust the pH value to the range of 5.8-6.2, add glycerin and stir evenly to obtain the healing gel.

[0011] Furthermore, the film-forming agent is a 3% calcium chloride solution.

[0012] Furthermore, the post-grafting environmental management includes: temperature management: for the first 1-2 days after grafting, the temperature is controlled at 26-28℃; for the 3rd-5th days after grafting, the temperature is controlled at 24-25℃; and for the 6th-10th days after grafting, the temperature is controlled at 22-23℃; humidity management: for the first 1-2 days after grafting, the humidity is controlled at 85-90%; for the 3rd-5th days after grafting, the humidity is controlled at 75-80%; and for the 6th-10th days after grafting, the humidity is controlled at 70-75%; and light management: for the first 1-2 days after grafting, the environment is kept dark; supplemental lighting begins on the 3rd day after grafting, with the intensity of supplemental lighting controlled between 20-60 μmol / m² / s, and then gradually increased.

[0013] Furthermore, the light management also includes: the supplemental light intensity on the 3rd day after grafting is 40 μmol / m2 / s, and from the 4th to the 10th day, the supplemental light intensity is increased at a rate of 20 μmol / m2 / s per day; the supplemental light time on the 3rd day after grafting is 2 hours, and from the 4th to the 10th day, the supplemental light time is increased at a rate of 1 hour per day.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are: by using strong seedling management of rootstock and scion before grafting, and by using a healing-promoting gel to protect the wound during grafting, the healing-promoting gel forms a film to protect the wound and provide a good healing environment. At the same time, the synergistic effect between the raw materials effectively inhibits harmful bacteria, promotes cell division and callus expansion, and also promotes rooting and sprouting. Combined with post-grafting environmental management, the grafting survival rate is greatly improved. Detailed Implementation

[0015] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0016] Preparation Example Example 1 of preparation of grafting nutrient fortification solution Preparation of base solution: Dissolve 2 parts by weight of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate and 0.3 parts by weight of calcium chloride in 1000 parts of water at 35-45℃, add 1.8 parts by weight of trehalose and 0.15 parts by weight of Schizophyllum commune polysaccharide and stir to dissolve. After cooling to 25℃, add 0.06 parts by weight of Fe-EDDHA (6% soluble iron) and stir to dissolve. Preparation of multi-element nutrient solution: Add 0.6 parts by weight of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.65 parts by weight of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 0.06 parts by weight of zinc sulfate, 0.03 parts by weight of manganese sulfate, 0.015 parts by weight of boric acid, and 0.0015 parts by weight of sodium molybdate to 1000 parts of water at 20-25℃ and stir for 60 minutes. Preparation of active solution: Dissolve 0.1 parts by weight of Astragalus polysaccharide and 0.006 parts by weight of salicylic acid in 25 parts of hot water, and set aside after cooling; Before watering, mix the base solution, multi-element nutrient solution and active solution, and stir for 20 minutes to prepare grafting nutrient enhancement solution, as shown in Example 1.

[0017] Example 2 of preparation of grafting nutrient fortification solution Preparation of base solution: Dissolve 1.5 parts by weight of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate and 0.2 parts by weight of calcium chloride in 1000 parts of water at 35-45℃, add 0.8 parts by weight of trehalose and 0.1 parts by weight of Schizophyllum commune polysaccharide and stir to dissolve. After cooling to 25℃, add 0.04 parts by weight of Fe-EDDHA (6% soluble iron) and stir to dissolve. Preparation of multi-element nutrient solution: Add 0.4 parts by weight of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.45 parts by weight of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 0.03 parts by weight of zinc sulfate, 0.02 parts by weight of manganese sulfate, 0.01 parts by weight of boric acid, and 0.001 parts by weight of sodium molybdate to 1000 parts of water at 20-25℃ and stir for 60 minutes. Preparation of active solution: Dissolve 0.06 parts by weight of Astragalus polysaccharide and 0.004 parts by weight of salicylic acid in 25 parts of hot water, and set aside after cooling; Before watering, mix the base solution, multi-element nutrient solution and active solution, and stir for 20 minutes to prepare grafting nutrient enhancement solution (Example 2).

[0018] Example 3 of preparation of grafting nutrient fortification solution Preparation of base solution: Dissolve 3.5 parts by weight of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate and 0.4 parts by weight of calcium chloride in 1000 parts of water at 35-45℃, add 2.1 parts by weight of trehalose and 0.2 parts by weight of Schizophyllum commune polysaccharide and stir to dissolve. After cooling to 25℃, add 0.08 parts by weight of Fe-EDDHA (6% soluble iron) and stir to dissolve. Preparation of multi-element nutrient solution: Add 0.8 parts by weight of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.9 parts by weight of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 0.07 parts by weight of zinc sulfate, 0.04 parts by weight of manganese sulfate, 0.02 parts by weight of boric acid, and 0.002 parts by weight of sodium molybdate to 1000 parts of water at 20-25℃ and stir for 60 minutes. Preparation of active solution: Dissolve 0.12 parts by weight of Astragalus polysaccharide and 0.008 parts by weight of salicylic acid in 25 parts of hot water, and set aside after cooling; Before watering, mix the base solution, multi-element nutrient solution and active solution, and stir for 20 minutes to prepare grafting nutrient enhancement solution (Example 3).

[0019] Example 1 of preparation of healing-promoting gel (1) Heat 100 parts by weight of deionized water to between 40-45°C, add 1.2 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and 0.3 parts of xanthan gum (Keltrol RD is used in this example), and stir until completely dissolved; (2) Cool down to between 30-35℃, add 1 part sodium alginate, 0.8 parts chitosan (Sigma C3646 was used in this example), and 0.4 parts tea polyphenols, and stir for 30 minutes; (3) Keep the temperature between 30-35℃, add 0.0015 parts of gibberellin GA3 soluble powder and 0.0008 parts of sodium nitroprusside under light-protected conditions, and stir for 20 min; (4) Add a small amount of citric acid aqueous solution to adjust the pH value to the range of 5.8-6.2, add 2.5 parts of glycerin and stir evenly to obtain the healing gel preparation example 1.

[0020] Example 2 of preparation of healing-promoting gel (1) Heat 100 parts by weight of deionized water to between 40-45°C, add 1 part of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and 0.2 parts of xanthan gum (Keltrol RD is used in this example), and stir until completely dissolved; (2) Cool down to between 30-35℃, add 0.8 parts of sodium alginate, 0.6 parts of chitosan (Sigma C3646 was used in this example), and 0.3 parts of tea polyphenols, and stir for 30 minutes; (3) Keep the temperature between 30-35℃, add 0.001 parts of gibberellin GA3 soluble powder and 0.0006 parts of sodium nitroprusside under light-protected conditions, and stir for 20 min; (4) Add a trace amount of 10% citric acid aqueous solution to adjust the pH value to the range of 5.8-6.2, add 2.5 parts of glycerol and stir evenly to obtain the healing gel preparation example 2.

[0021] Example 3 of preparation of healing-promoting gel (1) Heat 100 parts by weight of deionized water to between 40-45°C, add 1.5 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and 0.4 parts of xanthan gum (Keltrol RD is used in this example), and stir until completely dissolved; (2) Cool down to between 30-35℃, add 1.2 parts sodium alginate, 1 part chitosan (Sigma C3646 was used in this example), and 0.5 parts tea polyphenols, and stir for 30 minutes; (3) Keep the temperature between 30-35℃, add 0.002 parts of gibberellin GA3 soluble powder and 0.001 parts of sodium nitroprusside under light-protected conditions, and stir for 20 min; (4) Add a small amount of citric acid aqueous solution to adjust the pH value to the range of 5.8-6.2, add 3 parts of glycerol and stir evenly to obtain the healing gel preparation example 3.

[0022] Example 1 In this embodiment, gourd was selected as the rootstock for watermelon grafting, and Jingxin watermelon was selected as the scion variety. The scion and rootstock were irrigated once with grafting nutrient enhancement solution prepared in Example 1 between 48 and 72 hours before grafting. The irrigation standard was to thoroughly irrigate the culture medium. Select rootstocks and scions of similar size. After cleaning and disinfecting the rootstocks and scions, use a sterilized blade to make a 45±2° oblique cut downwards 0.8-1.2 cm below the cotyledons of the rootstock, with a depth of 1 / 3–1 / 2 of the hypocotyl and a cut length of 1±0.1 cm. Make a 45±2° oblique cut upwards 1.5-2 cm below the cotyledons of the scion, with a depth of 1 / 3–1 / 2 of the hypocotyl and a cut length consistent with that of the rootstock. In this embodiment, the healing-promoting gel prepared in Example 1 is used. After applying the healing-promoting gel to the cuts of the rootstock and scion, the scion and rootstock are joined. The healing-promoting gel is then applied evenly to the joint surface. A 3% calcium chloride solution is then sprayed evenly at the joint, with a spray distance of 20 cm and a spray volume of about 0.1 mL. After the healing-promoting gel has formed a film for about 20 seconds, it is fixed with a grafting clip. After grafting, the condition of the healing-promoting gel film is checked regularly. If there is any damage, the healing-promoting gel is applied again and the 3% calcium chloride solution is sprayed again. Post-grafting environmental management includes: Temperature management: Days 1-2 after grafting, maintain a temperature of 26-28℃; Days 3-5, maintain a temperature of 24-25℃; Days 6-10, maintain a temperature of 22-23℃; Humidity management: Days 1-2 after grafting, maintain a humidity of 85-90%; Days 3-5, maintain a humidity of 75-80%; Days 6-10, maintain a humidity of 70-75%; Light... Management: For the first 1-2 days after grafting, maintain a dark environment; begin supplemental lighting on the 3rd day after grafting, with a light intensity of 40 μmol / m² / s. From the 4th to the 10th day, increase the light intensity by 20 μmol / m² / s per day. The supplemental lighting time on the 3rd day after grafting is 2 hours, and from the 4th to the 10th day, increase the supplemental lighting time by 1 hour per day. Gradually resume irrigation after the 3rd day after grafting, and resume normal management 10 days after grafting.

[0023] Examples 2-9 Examples 2-9 differ from Example 1 in that the preparation methods of the grafting nutrient fortification solution and the healing-promoting gel are different. Example 2 uses a combination of preparation example 1 of grafting nutrient fortification solution and preparation example 2 of healing-promoting gel. Example 3 uses a combination of preparation example 1 of grafting nutrient fortification solution and preparation example 3 of healing-promoting gel. Example 4 uses a combination of preparation example 2 of grafting nutrient fortification solution and preparation example 1 of healing-promoting gel. Example 5 uses a combination of preparation example 2 of grafting nutrient fortification solution and preparation example 2 of healing-promoting gel. Example 6 uses a combination of preparation example 2 of grafting nutrient fortification solution and preparation example 3 of healing-promoting gel. Example 7 uses a combination of preparation example 3 of grafting nutrient fortification solution and preparation example 1 of healing-promoting gel. Example 8 uses a combination of preparation example 3 of grafting nutrient fortification solution and preparation example 2 of healing-promoting gel. Example 9 uses a combination of preparation example 3 of grafting nutrient fortification solution and preparation example 3 of healing-promoting gel.

[0024] Comparative Example Comparative Example 1 In order to select gourd as the rootstock for watermelon grafting, Jingxin watermelon was selected as the scion variety, and the ordinary approach grafting method was adopted for grafting management.

[0025] Comparative Example 2 The difference from Example 1 is that water is used instead of grafting nutrient enhancement solution for irrigation.

[0026] Comparative Example 3 The difference from Example 1 is that no healing-promoting gel was used.

[0027] Performance testing 3600 scions and rootstocks with similar growth conditions were randomly divided into 12 groups. The same personnel performed grafting and management according to the methods described in Examples 1-9 and Comparative Examples 1-3, respectively. Seedling survival rate and disease resistance were observed and recorded 10 days after grafting. The results are shown in Table 1. Group Survival rate (%) Disease resistance Example 1 100 The wound showed no lesions and the healing tissue was intact. Example 2 100 The wound showed no lesions and the healing tissue was intact. Example 3 99 The wound showed no lesions and the healing tissue was intact. Example 4 99 The wound showed no lesions and the healing tissue was intact. Example 5 98 The wound showed no lesions and the healing tissue was intact. Example 6 99 The wound showed no lesions and the healing tissue was intact. Example 7 100 The wound showed no lesions and the healing tissue was intact. Example 8 100 The wound showed no lesions and the healing tissue was intact. Example 9 99 The wound showed no lesions and the healing tissue was intact. Comparative Example 1 86 / Comparative Example 2 92 Lesion area ≤ 5% of wound surface, slight browning Comparative Example 3 90 The lesion area covers 10-15% of the wound surface, with slight browning. As shown in Table 1, the seedling survival rate of the present invention is significantly better than that of the comparative example. At the same time, on-site observation showed that the seedlings of the embodiment recovered quickly, grew well, and did not wilt or develop diseases during the healing process. In contrast, the seedlings of the comparative example, especially Comparative Example 1, recovered slowly, and most of the surviving seedlings wilted during the recovery process.

[0028] Finally, it should be noted that the above-described embodiments are merely specific implementations of the present invention, used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that any person skilled in the art can still modify or easily conceive of changes to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features; and these modifications, changes, or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and should all be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for grafting watermelon seedlings to promote rapid wound healing, characterized in that: This includes pre-grafting management of rootstock and scion, grafting and wound management, and post-grafting environmental management.

2. The method for grafting watermelon seedlings to promote rapid wound healing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pre-grafting management of the rootstock and scion includes: irrigating the rootstock and scion once with grafting nutrient enhancement solution within 48-72 hours before grafting.

3. The method for grafting watermelon seedlings to promote rapid wound healing according to claim 2, characterized in that, The grafting nutrient fortification solution comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: Base solution: 1.5-3.5 parts calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, 0.2-0.4 parts calcium chloride, 0.8-2.1 parts trehalose, 0.1-0.2 parts Schizophyllum commune polysaccharide, 0.04-0.08 parts Fe-EDDHA, and 1000 parts water; Multi-element nutrient solution: 0.4-0.8 parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.45-0.9 parts magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 0.03-0.07 parts zinc sulfate, 0.02-0.04 parts manganese sulfate, 0.01-0.02 parts boric acid, 0.001-0.002 parts sodium molybdate, and 1000 parts water; Active solution: 0.06-0.12 parts active nutrient agent, 0.004-0.008 parts salicylic acid, and 25 parts water.

4. The method for grafting watermelon seedlings to promote rapid wound healing according to claim 3, characterized in that, The active nutrient is Astragalus polysaccharide.

5. The method for grafting watermelon seedlings to promote rapid wound healing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The grafting and wound management process includes: selecting rootstock and scion; cleaning and disinfecting the rootstock and scion; using a sterilized blade to make a downward oblique cut below the cotyledons of the rootstock, with a depth of 1 / 3–1 / 2 of the rootstock hypocotyl; and making an upward oblique cut below the cotyledons of the scion, with a depth of 1 / 3–1 / 2 of the scion hypocotyl. The cut lengths of the rootstock and scion should be consistent. After applying a healing-promoting gel to the cuts of the rootstock and scion, the scion and rootstock are joined. A film-promoting agent is evenly sprayed at the joint. Finally, the graft is fixed using a grafting clip or by wrapping with plastic wrap.

6. The method for grafting watermelon seedlings to promote rapid wound healing according to claim 5, characterized in that, The healing-promoting gel comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-1.5 parts sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 0.8-1.2 parts sodium alginate, 0.3-0.5 parts tea polyphenols, 0.6-1 parts chitosan, 2-3 parts glycerin, 0.2-0.4 parts xanthan gum, 0.001-0.002 parts gibberellin GA3 soluble powder, 0.0006-0.001 parts sodium nitroprusside, and 100 parts deionized water.

7. The method for grafting watermelon seedlings to promote rapid wound healing according to claim 6, characterized in that, The method for preparing the healing-promoting gel is as follows: (1) Heat deionized water to between 40-45°C, add sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and xanthan gum, and stir until completely dissolved; (2) Cool down to between 30-35℃, add sodium alginate, chitosan and tea polyphenols, and stir for 30 minutes; (3) Keep the temperature between 30-35℃, add gibberellin GA3 soluble powder and sodium nitroprusside under dark conditions, and stir for 20 minutes; (4) Add a small amount of citric acid aqueous solution to adjust the pH value to the range of 5.8-6.2, add glycerin and stir evenly to obtain the healing gel.

8. The method for grafting watermelon seedlings to promote rapid wound healing according to claim 7, characterized in that, The film-forming agent is a 3% calcium chloride solution.

9. The method for grafting watermelon seedlings to promote rapid wound healing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The post-grafting environmental management includes: Temperature management: Days 1-2 post-grafting, temperature controlled at 26-28℃; Days 3-5 post-grafting, temperature controlled at 24-25℃; Days 6-10 post-grafting, temperature controlled at 22-23℃; Humidity management: Days 1-2 post-grafting, humidity controlled at 85-90%; Days 3-5 post-grafting, humidity controlled at 75-80%; Days 6-10 post-grafting, humidity controlled at 70-75%; Light management: Days 1-2 post-grafting, controlled in darkness; supplemental lighting begins on Day 3 post-grafting, with the intensity controlled at 20-60 μmol / m². 2 Between / s, gradually increase the intensity of the supplementary light.

10. A method for grafting watermelon seedlings to promote rapid wound healing according to claim 9, characterized in that, The light management also includes: a supplemental light intensity of 40 μmol / m² on the 3rd day after grafting. 2 / s, day 4-10, at 20 μmol / m² / day. 2 The supplemental light intensity was increased at a rate of / s; the supplemental light time was 2 hours on the 3rd day after grafting, and from the 4th to the 10th day, the supplemental light time was increased at a rate of 1 hour / day.