A grafting method for improving disease resistance of eggplant

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of plant grafting, and particularly discloses a grafting method capable of improving disease resistance of eggplants, which comprises the following steps: Solanum nigrum seedling, eggplant seedling, seedling period management and grafting; in the application, the wild Solanum nigrum is selected as the stock, has the advantages of fast growth speed and good disease resistance, and can greatly improve the disease resistance and yield of the plant as the stock; the eggplant has a high incidence rate during the growth process, especially the occurrence of the yellow wilt disease is serious, and the yield is completely lost in serious cases; the grafting can solve the fundamental problem; the Solanum nigrum seed has a large amount, is easy to breed, and has a high germination rate; the special nutrient solution is sprayed, the wound healing speed of the grafting is greatly accelerated, and the healing effect is good; the grafting method of the sleeve pipe is adopted, the grafting speed is improved, the wound is protected, and the bacteria are prevented from invading the wound.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of plant grafting, in particular to a grafting method capable of improving disease resistance of eggplants. BACKGROUND

[0002] Eggplant, also known as "eggplant", is one of the few purple vegetables and a very common home vegetable on the dining table. It is also known as "eggplant" in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui, and "short cucumber" in Guangdong and Guangxi. It is an annual herb of Solanaceae and Solanum, and a perennial in the tropics. The fruits it produces are edible, with purple or purple-black color, and light green or white varieties, and various shapes such as round, oval and pear-shaped. Eggplant is a typical vegetable with various uses depending on the variety.

[0003] However, eggplants are susceptible to diseases such as fusarium wilt, verticillium wilt, bacterial wilt and root knot nematode disease. Once infected, it will cause yield reduction, and even absolute yield reduction in severe cases, causing huge losses to growers. Therefore, we propose a grafting method capable of improving disease resistance of eggplants to solve the above problems. SUMMARY

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present application is to overcome the above technical problems and provide a grafting method capable of improving disease resistance of eggplants. This method is simple, convenient and more widely applicable, significantly improves the disease resistance of eggplants, is easy to propagate and has a high germination rate, and improves the survival rate of eggplants.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the technical solution provided by the present application is a grafting method capable of improving disease resistance of eggplants, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1: Solanum nigrum seedling: sow and grow Solanum nigrum seedlings in a seedling shed, and sow Solanum nigrum seeds 15 days earlier than eggplants. The method for sowing and growing seedlings is as follows: first prepare mixed seedling substrate and mixed culture solution, the height of the mixed seedling substrate is 0.4-0.6 m, and the volume is 10-12 m 3, Then pour the mixed seedling substrate with mixed culture solution, put 1-2 seeds in each hole, then cover the soil, and then wet the covered soil with mixed culture solution. Keep the temperature in the shed at 15-25 DEG C. When the Solanum nigrum grows to 4-5 true leaves, remove the apical bud and perform wax sealing treatment on the cut surface to increase the stem thickness;

[0007] S2: Eggplant seedling: sow and grow eggplant seedlings in a seedling shed. The method for sowing and growing seedlings is as follows: first prepare mixed seedling substrate and mixed culture solution, pour the mixed seedling substrate with water, put 1-2 seeds in each hole, then cover the soil, and then wet the covered soil, and keep the temperature in the shed at 15-25 DEG C during the period;

[0008] S3: seedling stage management: put the sowing hole tray on the tidal seedling bed, and cover the film, and uncover the transparent film once a day, each time keep more than 2 hours, and keep the soil moist, irrigate once a day in the afternoon, when the eggplant and solanum nigrum are grown to 2-3 true leaves, spray nutrient solution, and use pesticide to prevent seedling stage damping off and sudden collapse disease;

[0009] S4: when the eggplant grows to 4-5 true leaves, and the solanum nigrum grows to 10-15 true leaves, select the solanum nigrum as the stock, and the eggplant as the scion, the scion seedling with a height of 5-6 cm, the cut scion is soaked in the soaking liquid for 1-1.5 hours before grafting, and the grafting is carried out by the grafting method, the specific process of the grafting method is as follows: the stock is cut into a 30° inclined surface, but cannot be cut off, the upper leaves are reserved, and the cut stock is obtained, the scion is reserved for 2-3 true leaves, the lower end is cut off, and the inclined surface with the same size as the cut stock is cut, then the grafting tube is sleeved, the cut stock is inserted into the grafting tube from the lower end of the grafting tube, the two are aligned and close to each other, the scion and the stock are aligned and overlapped on one side, and finally the overlapped part is tightly bound with the grafting bandage.

[0010] S5: a plastic arched shed is built in the seedling shed, and the solanum nigrum is grafted with the eggplant within 7 days, and the plastic arched shed is used for incubation and moisture preservation, the shading net is used for shading culture for the first 3 days, the shading degree of the shading net is 80%, shading culture is carried out at noon for the last 4 days, after 7 days, the scion is alive, the plastic arched shed is removed, the daily management of the seedling shed is restored, and the upper part of the stock is cut off after the wound is completely healed.

[0011] As an improvement, the solanum nigrum is wild yellow solanum nigrum, the stem thickness of the stock and the scion is made same by using different sowing time, the stem thickness of the stock is increased by the method of removing the terminal bud, and the survival rate of grafting is improved.

[0012] As an improvement, the soaking liquid is mixed by ABT rooting agent, zinc sulfate, calcium oxalate and water, the temperature in the plastic arched shed is 24-26℃ for the first 3 days, and the humidity is 85%-90%, the temperature in the plastic arched shed is 24-26℃ for the last 4 days, and the humidity is 80%-85%.

[0013] As an improvement, the mixed seedling substrate is mixed by peat, compound fertilizer and rotten chicken manure, and the mixed culture solution is a combination of brassinolide, NAA, acid calcium, zinc sulfate and potassium nitrate.

[0014] As an improvement, the diameter of the grafting tube is 3 mm, the upper leaf surface of the stock is reserved, so that the photosynthesis can continue, and the nutrient supply required for production is improved.

[0015] After the above method is used, the present application has the following advantages:

[0016] Firstly, the wild yellow Solanum nigrum is selected in the application, which has the advantages of fast growth speed and good disease resistance, and can greatly improve the disease resistance and yield of the plant as a rootstock; the incidence rate of eggplant is high during the growth process, especially the occurrence of yellow wilt is serious, which can cause absolute loss in severe cases, and the grafting can solve this fundamental problem; the Solanum nigrum seed is easy to breed with high germination rate;

[0017] Secondly, the special nutrient solution is sprayed in the application, which greatly speeds up the wound healing rate of grafting, and the healing effect is good.

[0018] Thirdly, the grafting method of the sleeve is adopted in the application, which can improve the grafting speed, protect the wound and prevent the bacteria from invading the wound. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] In the following, only certain exemplary embodiments are simply described. As those skilled in the art can recognize, the described embodiments can be modified in various different ways without departing from the spirit or scope of the application. Therefore, the description is considered to be essentially exemplary rather than limiting.

[0020] Embodiment one:

[0021] A grafting method for improving the disease resistance of eggplant, comprising the following steps:

[0022] S1: Solanum nigrum seedling: selecting wild yellow Solanum nigrum, sowing and raising seedlings in a seedling shed, and sowing Solanum nigrum 15 days earlier than eggplant, through the method of different sowing time, the stem thickness of the rootstock and the scion is best matched when grafting, the sowing and raising seedling method is: first prepare mixed seedling substrate and mixed culture solution, the height of the mixed seedling substrate is 0.4m, the volume is 10m 3 , then pour the mixed culture solution into the hole tray, sow one seed in each hole, then cover the soil, then wet the covered soil with mixed culture solution, keep the temperature in the shed at 20℃, when the Solanum nigrum grows to 4 true leaves, remove the terminal bud, increase the stem thickness, and perform wax sealing treatment on the cut surface, the method of removing the terminal bud can increase the stem thickness of the rootstock and improve the survival rate of grafting;

[0023] S2: eggplant seedling: sowing and raising seedlings in a seedling shed, the sowing and raising seedling method is: first prepare mixed seedling substrate and mixed culture solution, pour the mixed seedling substrate with water, put it into the hole tray, sow one seed in each hole, then cover the soil, then wet the covered soil, keep the temperature in the shed at 20℃ during the period;

[0024] S3: seedling management: put the sowing tray in the tidal seedling bed, cover the film, and uncover the film once a day, keep it for more than 2 hours each time, keep the soil moist, water once a day in the afternoon, spray nutrient solution when eggplant and solanum nigrum sprout to 2 true leaves, the nutrient solution is a combination of brassinolide, NAA, calcium, zinc sulfate and potassium nitrate, carry out leaf spraying fertilizer, and use pesticide to prevent seedling blight and sudden death disease;

[0025] S4: when the eggplant grows to 4 true leaves and the solanum nigrum grows to 10 true leaves, the solanum nigrum is used as the stock, the eggplant is used as the scion, the scion with a height of 5 cm is grafted, the scion is soaked in the soaking liquid for 1 hour before grafting, the grafting is carried out by the grafting method, the specific process of the grafting method is as follows: the stock is cut into a 30° inclined surface, but not cut off, the upper leaves are reserved, the cut stock is obtained, the scion is reserved for 2 true leaves, the lower end is cut off, the inclined surface with the same size as the cut stock is cut, the grafting tube with a diameter of 3 mm is sleeved, the upper leaf surface of the stock is reserved to continue photosynthesis, improve the nutrition supply, and then the cut stock is inserted into the lower end of the grafting tube, the two are aligned and close to each other, the scion and the stock are aligned and overlapped on one side, finally, the overlapped part is tightly bound with special grafting bandage, and the eggplant is grafted with solanum nigrum;

[0026] S5: a plastic arched shed is built in the seedling shed, and the solanum nigrum is grafted with the eggplant within 7 days, the plastic arched shed is used for incubation and moisture preservation, the shading net is used for shading culture in the first 3 days, the temperature is 24℃, and the humidity is 85%; the shading culture is carried out at noon in the last 4 days, the temperature is 24℃, and the humidity is 80%; after 7 days, the scion is alive, the plastic arched shed is removed, the daily management of the seedling shed is restored, and the upper part of the stock is cut off after the wound is completely healed.

[0027] Example two:

[0028] A grafting method for improving the disease resistance of eggplant, comprising the following steps:

[0029] S1: solanum nigrum seedling: selecting wild yellow solanum nigrum, sowing and seedling in the seedling shed, and sowing solanum nigrum 15 days earlier than eggplant, through the method of different sowing time, the stem thickness of the stock and the scion is best matched when grafting, the sowing and seedling method is as follows: the seedling substrate is poured with water, put into the tray, sow 2 seeds in each hole, then cover the soil, and then soak the covered soil, when the solanum nigrum grows to 5 true leaves, remove the terminal bud to increase the stem thickness, the method of removing the terminal bud can increase the stem thickness of the stock and improve the survival rate of grafting;

[0030] S2: eggplant seedling: sow and seed eggplant in the seedling shed, the sowing and seedling method is as follows: pour water on the seedling substrate, put it into the tray, sow 2 seeds in each hole, then cover the soil, and then soak the covered soil;

[0031] S3: Seedling management: Place the seed trays on the tidal seedling bed and water once a day in the afternoon to keep the soil moist. When the eggplant and black nightshade seedlings have grown to 3 true leaves, spray with nutrient solution. The nutrient solution consists of brassinolide, NAA, trace elements and water. The trace elements include magnesium and potassium. Apply foliar fertilizer and use pesticides to prevent damping-off and seedling blight.

[0032] S4: When the eggplant has grown to 5 true leaves and the black nightshade has grown to 15 true leaves, use black nightshade as rootstock and eggplant as scion, and graft them using the grafting method. The specific process of the grafting method is as follows: cut the rootstock into a 30° angled surface, but do not cut it off completely, and retain the leaves on top to obtain the cut rootstock. Keep 3 true leaves on the scion, cut off the lower end, and cut it into an angled surface of the same size as the cut rootstock. Then, put on the grafting tube with a diameter of 3mm. Retain the leaves on the rootstock so that it can continue to photosynthesize and improve the nutrition required for production. Then, insert the cut rootstock from the lower end of the grafting tube, align the two and put them close together to complete the grafting of black nightshade onto the eggplant.

[0033] S5: Construct a plastic arched shed inside the seedling shed. Within 7 days after grafting black nightshade onto eggplant, keep the seedlings warm and moist inside the plastic arched shed. For the first 3 days, use a shade net to keep the seedlings in the dark, with a temperature of 26℃ and a humidity of 90%. For the next 4 days, keep the seedlings in the dark at noon, with a temperature of 26℃ and a humidity of 85%. After 7 days, once the scion has survived, remove the plastic arched shed and resume the daily management of the seedling shed. After the wound has completely healed, cut off the upper part of the rootstock.

[0034] Example 3:

[0035] A grafting method to improve the disease resistance of eggplant includes the following steps:

[0036] S1: Black Nightshade Seedling Cultivation: Select wild yellow black nightshade and sow the seeds in a seedling shed. Sow black nightshade 15 days earlier than eggplant. By using different sowing times, the stem diameter of the rootstock and scion is optimized for grafting. The sowing method is as follows: First, prepare a mixed seedling substrate and a mixed nutrient solution. The height of the mixed seedling substrate should be 0.4m, and the volume 10m³. 3 Next, thoroughly water the seedling substrate with the mixed culture solution, fill the seedling trays, sow one seed in each cell, cover with soil, and then moisten the covering soil with the mixed culture solution. Keep the temperature inside the greenhouse at 20℃. When the black nightshade grows to 5 true leaves, remove the terminal bud to increase the stem thickness, and seal the cut with wax. Removing the terminal bud can increase the stem thickness of the rootstock and improve the grafting survival rate.

[0037] S2: Eggplant seedling raising: Sow eggplant seedlings in the seedling shed. The sowing and seedling raising method is as follows: First, prepare a mixed seedling substrate and a mixed culture solution. Water the mixed seedling substrate thoroughly, fill it into the seedling trays, sow 2 seeds in each cell, cover with soil, and then moisten the covering soil. During this period, keep the temperature in the shed at 20℃.

[0038] S3: seedling stage management: put the sowing plug tray on the tidal seedling bed, and cover the film, and uncover the transparent film once a day, each time keep more than 2 hours, and keep the soil moist, water once a day in the afternoon, when the eggplant and solanum nigrum are grown to 2 true leaves, spray nutrient solution, the nutrient solution is a combination of brassinolide, NAA, calcium carbonate, zinc sulfate and potassium nitrate, carry out leaf spraying fertilizer, and use pesticides to prevent seedling blight and sudden collapse disease;

[0039] S4: when the eggplant grows to 5 true leaves, and the solanum nigrum grows to 13 true leaves, the solanum nigrum is used as a stock, the eggplant is used as a scion, the scion seedling with a height of 6 cm is soaked in soaking liquid for 1.5 hours before grafting, and the grafting is carried out by the grafting method, the specific process of the grafting method is as follows: the stock is cut into a 30° inclined surface, but cannot be cut off, the upper leaves are reserved, the cut stock is obtained, the scion is reserved for 3 true leaves, the lower end is cut off, and the inclined surface is cut to the same size as the cut stock, then the grafting tube is sleeved, the diameter of the grafting tube is 3 mm, the upper leaf surface of the stock is reserved, so that the photosynthesis can continue, the nutrient supply required for production is improved, then the cut stock is inserted into the lower end of the grafting tube, the two are aligned and close to each other, the scion and the stock are aligned and overlapped on one side, finally, the overlapped part is tightly bound with a special grafting bandage, and the eggplant is grafted with solanum nigrum;

[0040] S5: a plastic arched shed is built in the seedling shed, and the solanum nigrum is grafted with the eggplant within 7 days, the plastic arched shed is used for incubation and moisture preservation, the shading net is used for shading culture in the first 3 days, the temperature is 25℃, and the humidity is 88%; the shading culture is carried out at noon in the last 4 days, the temperature is 25℃, and the humidity is 83%; after 7 days, the scion is alive, the plastic arched shed is removed, the daily management of the seedling shed is restored, and the part of the upper part of the stock is cut off after the wound is completely healed.

[0041] In the present application, the wild solanum nigrum is selected, which has the advantages of fast growth speed and good disease resistance, and can greatly improve the disease resistance and yield of the plant as a stock; the eggplant has a high incidence during growth, especially the occurrence of yellow wilt disease is serious, which causes absolute yield loss in severe cases, and the grafting can solve this fundamental problem; the solanum nigrum seed is easy to breed and has a high germination rate; the present application greatly accelerates the wound healing speed of grafting by spraying special nutrient solution, and the healing effect is good; the grafting method of the sleeve pipe is adopted, which can improve the grafting speed, protect the wound and prevent the invasion of bacteria into the wound.

[0042] The above is only a specific embodiment of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited to this, any person skilled in the art can easily think of various changes or replacements within the technical range disclosed by the present application, which should be covered in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A grafting method for improving disease resistance in eggplant, characterized by: It comprises the following steps: S1: Solanum nigrum seedling: Solanum nigrum is sowed and grown in a seedling shed, and Solanum nigrum is sowed 15 days earlier than eggplant; the sowing and growing method is as follows: firstly, mixed seedling substrate and mixed culture solution are prepared, the height of the mixed seedling substrate is 0.4-0.6 m, and the volume is 10-12 m³; then the mixed seedling substrate is drenched with the mixed culture solution and is loaded into a plug, 2 seeds are sowed in each hole, and then the soil is covered; the covering soil is drenched with the mixed culture solution; the temperature in the shed is kept at 15-25 ℃; when Solanum nigrum grows to 4-5 true leaves, the top bud is removed, and the cut surface is treated with wax coating to increase the stem thickness; S2: Eggplant seedling: eggplant is sowed and grown in a seedling shed; the sowing and growing method is as follows: firstly, mixed seedling substrate and mixed culture solution are prepared; the mixed seedling substrate is drenched with water and is loaded into a plug; 1-2 seeds are sowed in each hole; then the soil is covered; the temperature in the shed is kept at 15-25 ℃ during the period; S3: Seedling management: the sowed plug is placed on a tidal seedling bed and is covered with a film; the film is opened once a day and is kept open for more than 2 hours each time; the soil is kept moist; water is sprayed once a day in the afternoon; when eggplant and Solanum nigrum grow to 2-3 true leaves, nutrient solution is sprayed, and pesticides are used to prevent seedling damping-off and sudden wilt; S4: when eggplant grows to 4-5 true leaves and Solanum nigrum grows to 10-15 true leaves, Solanum nigrum is selected as a stock, eggplant is selected as a scion, and the scion seedling with a height of 5-6 cm is used for grafting; the scion is soaked in soaking solution for 1-1.5 hours before grafting; the grafting is performed by using a grafting method; the specific process of the grafting method is as follows: the stock is cut into a 30° bevel without cutting off, and the upper leaves are reserved to obtain the cut stock; the scion is reserved with 2-3 true leaves, the lower end is cut off, and the cut end is cut into a bevel with the same size as the cut stock; then the scion is sleeved with a grafting tube; the grafting tube is inserted into the cut stock from the lower end of the grafting tube; the scion and the stock are aligned and abutted to ensure that the scion and the stock are aligned with the one side of the stock; finally, the overlapped part is tightly bound with a grafting bandage; S5: a plastic arched shed is built in the seedling shed; 7 days after the eggplant is grafted with Solanum nigrum, the plastic arched shed is used for temperature and humidity preservation; the shed is shaded with a shading net for the first 3 days, and the shading degree of the shading net is 80%; the shed is shaded at noon for the next 4 days; after the scion is survived, the plastic arched shed is removed, and the daily management of the seedling shed is restored; the upper part of the stock is cut off after the wound is completely healed.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the disease resistance of eggplant is improved. The Solanum nigrum is wild Solanum nigrum; by using different sowing times, the stem thickness of the stock and the scion is matched; the method of removing the top bud can increase the stem thickness of the stock and improve the survival rate of the grafting.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the disease resistance of eggplant is improved. The soaking solution is a mixture of ABT rooting agent, zinc sulfate, calcium oxalate and water; the temperature in the plastic arched shed is 24-26 ℃ for the first 3 days, and the humidity is 85-90%; the temperature in the plastic arched shed is 24-26 ℃ for the next 4 days, and the humidity is 80-85%.

4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method for improving disease resistance in eggplant is characterized by: The mixed seedling substrate is a mixture of peat, compound fertilizer and rotten chicken manure; the mixed culture solution is a combination of brassinolide, NAA, calcium acetate, zinc sulfate and potassium nitrate.

5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method for improving disease resistance in eggplant is characterized by: The diameter of the grafting tube is 3 mm, and the leaf surface above the rootstock is reserved to continue photosynthesis and improve nutrition supply.