Method for evaluating efficiency of artificial ice nucleus catalysis in freezing rain environment

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of power grid disaster prevention, and discloses an efficiency evaluation method for artificial ice nucleus catalysis in a freezing rain environment, the freezing rain environment is simulated through a cloud chamber, and the method comprises the following steps: obtaining a first ice crystal concentration and a first artificial ice nucleus effective concentration when an artificial ice nucleus is added into the cloud chamber for contact freezing nucleation; the second ice crystal concentration and the second artificial ice nucleus effective concentration are added into the cloud chamber for desublimation nucleation, and the third ice crystal concentration is not added into the cloud chamber; obtaining first ice crystal generation efficiency based on the first ice crystal concentration, the third ice crystal concentration and the first artificial ice nucleus effective concentration; obtaining second ice crystal generation efficiency based on the second ice crystal concentration, the third ice crystal concentration and the second artificial ice nucleus effective concentration; and based on the first ice crystal generation efficiency and the second ice crystal generation efficiency and a preset threshold value, respectively evaluating the efficiency of contact freezing nucleation and the efficiency of desublimation nucleation, so as to realize the efficiency evaluation of artificial ice nucleus catalysis in the freezing rain environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of power grid disaster prevention technology, specifically to a method, system, device, and medium for evaluating the effectiveness of artificial ice nucleus catalysis under freezing rain conditions. Background Technology

[0002] Freezing rain is one of the common meteorological disasters in winter. The formation of freezing rain involves complex microphysical processes, especially the transformation of supercooled cloud droplets into ice crystals through mechanisms such as contact freezing nucleation and sublimation nucleation under low temperature conditions, which eventually leads to ground icing.

[0003] Existing cloud chamber simulations mostly use single temperature and humidity conditions to simulate the environment, without simulating freezing rain environments. Therefore, they cannot analyze the formation mechanism of ice crystals, nor can they provide an assessment of the catalytic efficiency of artificial ice nuclei in freezing rain environments. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a method, system, device, and medium for evaluating the performance of artificial ice nucleus catalysis in freezing rain environments, in order to overcome the technical deficiency of existing technologies that cannot provide evaluation of the performance of artificial ice nucleus catalysis in freezing rain environments.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the first aspect of this application provides a method for evaluating the effectiveness of artificial ice nucleus catalysis in a freezing rain environment. The freezing rain environment is simulated by a cloud chamber, which includes an atomizer. The atomizer is used to generate artificial ice nuclei to control the liquid water content to be greater than a first preset threshold. The method includes: The concentrations of the first ice crystals and the effective concentration of the first artificial ice nucleus were obtained when artificial ice nuclei were added to the cloud chamber for contact freezing nucleation; the concentrations of the second ice crystals and the effective concentration of the second artificial ice nucleus were obtained when artificial ice nuclei were added to the cloud chamber for sublimation nucleation; and the concentration of the third ice crystals was obtained when no artificial ice nuclei were added to the cloud chamber. The first ice crystal formation efficiency is obtained based on the first ice crystal concentration, the third ice crystal concentration, and the first effective concentration of artificial ice nuclei. The second ice crystal formation efficiency was obtained based on the second ice crystal concentration, the third ice crystal concentration, and the effective concentration of the second artificial ice nucleus. Based on the magnitudes of the first ice crystal formation efficiency and the second ice crystal formation efficiency relative to the second preset threshold, the first effectiveness of contact freezing nucleation by adding artificial ice nuclei in the cloud chamber and the second effectiveness of sublimation nucleation by adding artificial ice nuclei in the cloud chamber are evaluated respectively.

[0006] In this embodiment of the application, based on the magnitudes of the first ice crystal formation efficiency and the second ice crystal formation efficiency relative to a second preset threshold, the first effectiveness of contact freezing nucleation by adding artificial ice nuclei into a cloud chamber and the second effectiveness of sublimation nucleation by adding artificial ice nuclei into a cloud chamber are evaluated, including: If the first ice crystal formation efficiency is greater than the second preset threshold, the first efficiency is determined to be high. If the second ice crystal formation efficiency is greater than the second preset threshold, the second efficiency is determined to be high.

[0007] In this embodiment of the application, obtaining the effective concentration of the first artificial ice nucleus and the effective concentration of the second artificial ice nucleus includes: The first total particle number concentration and the first active ice nucleus ratio were obtained by adding artificial ice nuclei to the cloud chamber for contact freezing nucleation, and the second total particle number concentration and the second active ice nucleus ratio were obtained by adding artificial ice nuclei to the cloud chamber for sublimation nucleation. The effective concentration of the first artificial ice nucleus is obtained by multiplying the first total particle number concentration and the first active ice nucleus ratio. The effective concentration of the second artificial ice nucleus is obtained by multiplying the second total particle number concentration and the second active ice nucleus ratio.

[0008] In the embodiments of this application, the first total particle number concentration and the second total particle number concentration are both measured by an aerosol spectrometer, and the first active ice nucleus ratio and the second active ice nucleus ratio are both calibrated by an ice nucleus activation counter.

[0009] In this embodiment of the application, the cloud room further includes: A liquid nitrogen circulating refrigeration system is used to control the temperature inside the cloud chamber; A vacuum pump and gas injection system are used to control the pressure inside the cloud chamber; Temperature monitoring system, used to monitor the temperature inside the cloud room; A pressure monitoring system is used to monitor the pressure inside the cloud room; A moisture introduction system is used to control the humidity inside the cloud chamber; A humidity monitoring system is used to monitor the humidity inside the cloud room; A liquid water content measurement system is used to monitor the liquid water content inside a cloud chamber.

[0010] In this embodiment of the application, when artificial ice nuclei are added to the cloud chamber for contact freezing nucleation, the temperature is controlled within a first preset temperature range using a liquid nitrogen circulation refrigeration system, and the humidity is controlled within a first preset humidity range using a water vapor introduction system.

[0011] In this embodiment of the application, when artificial ice nuclei are added to the cloud chamber for sublimation nucleation, the temperature is controlled in the second preset temperature range using a liquid nitrogen circulation refrigeration system, and the humidity is controlled in the second preset humidity range using a water vapor introduction system. The minimum value of the first preset temperature range is greater than the maximum value of the second preset temperature range, and the maximum value of the first preset humidity range is less than the minimum value of the second preset humidity range.

[0012] A second aspect of this application provides a system for evaluating the effectiveness of artificial ice nucleus catalysis in a freezing rain environment. The freezing rain environment is simulated by a cloud chamber, which includes an atomizer. The atomizer is used to generate artificial ice nuclei to control the liquid water content to be greater than a first preset threshold. The system includes: The acquisition module is used to acquire the first ice crystal concentration and the first effective concentration of artificial ice nuclei when artificial ice nuclei are added to the cloud chamber for contact freezing nucleation, the second ice crystal concentration and the second effective concentration of artificial ice nuclei when artificial ice nuclei are added to the cloud chamber for sublimation nucleation, and the third ice crystal concentration when no artificial ice nuclei are added to the cloud chamber. The first obtaining module is used to obtain the first ice crystal formation efficiency based on the first ice crystal concentration, the third ice crystal concentration, and the first effective concentration of artificial ice nuclei; The second module is used to obtain the second ice crystal formation efficiency based on the second ice crystal concentration, the third ice crystal concentration, and the second artificial ice nucleus effective concentration. The evaluation module is used to evaluate the first effectiveness of contact freezing nucleation and the second effectiveness of sublimation nucleation by adding artificial ice nuclei in the cloud chamber, based on the magnitude of the first ice crystal formation efficiency and the second ice crystal formation efficiency relative to the second preset threshold.

[0013] A third aspect of this application provides a device for evaluating the effectiveness of artificial ice nucleus catalysis under freezing rain conditions, comprising: The memory is configured to store instructions; The processor is configured to retrieve instructions from memory and, when executing instructions, to implement the performance evaluation method for artificial ice nucleus catalysis in a freezing rain environment as provided in the first aspect.

[0014] The fourth aspect of this application provides a machine-readable storage medium storing instructions for causing a machine to perform an efficiency evaluation method for artificial ice nucleus catalysis in a freezing rain environment as provided in the first aspect.

[0015] The above technical solution simulates a freezing rain environment in a cloud chamber, and obtains a first ice crystal formation efficiency based on a first ice crystal concentration, a third ice crystal concentration, and a first effective concentration of artificial ice nuclei; it obtains a second ice crystal formation efficiency based on a second ice crystal concentration, a third ice crystal concentration, and a second effective concentration of artificial ice nuclei; and it evaluates the first effectiveness of adding artificial ice nuclei in the cloud chamber for contact freezing nucleation and the second effectiveness of adding artificial ice nuclei in the cloud chamber for sublimation nucleation based on the magnitudes of the first ice crystal formation efficiency and the second ice crystal formation efficiency relative to a second preset threshold.

[0016] Other features and advantages of the embodiments of this application will be described in detail in the following detailed description section. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the embodiments of this application and form part of the specification. They are used together with the following detailed description to explain the embodiments of this application, but do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments of this application. In the drawings: Figure 1 The illustration shows a flowchart of a method for evaluating the effectiveness of artificial ice nucleus catalysis in a freezing rain environment according to an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only for illustration and explanation of the embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the embodiments of this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0019] It should be noted that the acquisition, transmission, storage, use, and processing of data in the technical solution of this application all comply with relevant laws and regulations. In the embodiments of this application, certain existing industry solutions such as software, components, and models may be mentioned. These should be considered exemplary, intended only to illustrate the feasibility of implementing the technical solution of this application, and do not imply that the applicant has already used or necessarily used such solutions.

[0020] It should be noted that if the embodiments of this application involve directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.), the directional indicators are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of each component in a certain specific posture (as shown in the figure). If the specific posture changes, the directional indicators will also change accordingly.

[0021] Furthermore, if the embodiments of this application involve descriptions such as "first" or "second," these descriptions are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, features defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features. Additionally, the technical solutions of various embodiments can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. If the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed in this application.

[0022] Artificial ice nucleus catalysis involves seeding clouds with artificial ice nuclei, such as silver iodide or nano-clay. These artificial ice nuclei act as "seeds," causing supercooled water droplets to freeze into ice crystals. Once formed, the ice crystals grow rapidly through the Bergieron process (where water evaporates and condenses on the ice crystals when they coexist). When the ice crystals are large enough, they fall as precipitation (such as rain, snow, or hail).

[0023] Figure 1 The illustration shows a schematic flowchart of a method for evaluating the effectiveness of artificial ice core catalysis under freezing rain conditions, according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 1 As shown in the embodiment of this application, a method for evaluating the effectiveness of artificial ice nucleus catalysis in a freezing rain environment is provided. The freezing rain environment is simulated through a cloud chamber, which includes an atomizer. The atomizer is used to generate artificial ice nuclei to control the liquid water content to be greater than a first preset threshold. The atomizer is a key tool for generating and dispersing artificial ice nuclei. Artificial ice nuclei are catalysts in the ice crystal formation process. Liquid water content is a necessary material basis and environmental condition for ice crystal growth and the eventual formation of precipitation. Schematic, the liquid water content in the cloud chamber can be greater than 1 gram per cubic meter to simulate a freezing rain environment by using an atomizer to generate artificial ice nuclei. The method may include the following steps: Step S110: Obtain the first ice crystal concentration and the first effective concentration of artificial ice nuclei for contact freezing nucleation with artificial ice nuclei added in the cloud chamber, the second ice crystal concentration and the second effective concentration of artificial ice nuclei for sublimation nucleation with artificial ice nuclei added in the cloud chamber, and the third ice crystal concentration without artificial ice nuclei added in the cloud chamber. Step S120: Based on the first ice crystal concentration, the third ice crystal concentration, and the effective concentration of the first artificial ice nucleus, obtain the first ice crystal formation efficiency; Step S130: Based on the second ice crystal concentration, the third ice crystal concentration, and the effective concentration of the second artificial ice nucleus, obtain the second ice crystal formation efficiency; Step S140: Based on the magnitudes of the first ice crystal formation efficiency and the second ice crystal formation efficiency relative to the second preset threshold, evaluate the first effectiveness of contact freezing nucleation by adding artificial ice nuclei in the cloud chamber and the second effectiveness of sublimation nucleation by adding artificial ice nuclei in the cloud chamber.

[0024] In step S110, the ice formation mechanism includes contact freezing nucleation and sublimation nucleation. Contact freezing nucleation refers to the process of freezing after a direct collision between an artificial ice nucleus and a supercooled cloud droplet. During this process, the first ice crystal concentration and the first effective concentration of artificial ice nuclei for contact freezing nucleation with artificial ice nuclei added in the cloud chamber are obtained. Sublimation nucleation refers to the process in which water vapor directly sublimates on the surface of ice nuclei to form ice crystals under the condition that liquid water continuously evaporates into water vapor. During this process, the second ice crystal concentration and the second effective concentration of artificial ice nuclei for sublimation nucleation with artificial ice nuclei added in the cloud chamber are obtained. In addition, a third ice crystal concentration without artificial ice nuclei added in the cloud chamber is also required. When no artificial ice nuclei are added in the cloud chamber, the third ice crystal concentration mainly depends on naturally occurring aerosol particles (such as dust, mineral debris, bioaerosols, etc.) as condensation nuclei.

[0025] In step S120, the first ice crystal formation efficiency is obtained based on the first ice crystal concentration, the third ice crystal concentration, and the effective concentration of the first artificial ice nucleus. The formula for calculating the first ice crystal formation efficiency includes:

[0026] In the above formula, This indicates the first ice crystal formation efficiency. Indicates the first ice crystal concentration. Indicates the third ice crystal concentration. This indicates the effective concentration of the first artificial ice nucleus.

[0027] In step S130, the second ice crystal formation efficiency is obtained based on the second ice crystal concentration, the third ice crystal concentration, and the effective concentration of the second artificial ice nucleus. The formula for calculating the second ice crystal formation efficiency includes:

[0028] In the above formula, This indicates the efficiency of the second ice crystal formation. This indicates the second ice crystal concentration. Indicates the third ice crystal concentration. This indicates the effective concentration of the second artificial ice nucleus.

[0029] In step S140, the relationship between the first ice crystal formation efficiency and the second preset threshold is compared to evaluate the first effectiveness of contact freezing nucleation by adding artificial ice nuclei into the cloud chamber. Simultaneously, the relationship between the second ice crystal formation efficiency and the second preset threshold is compared to evaluate the second effectiveness of sublimation nucleation by adding artificial ice nuclei into the cloud chamber.

[0030] This application embodiment controls the liquid water content in the cloud chamber above a first preset threshold to simulate freezing rain, analyzes the first ice crystal formation efficiency of the contact freezing nucleation mechanism and the second ice crystal formation efficiency of the sublimation nucleation mechanism of the artificial ice nucleus on the ice crystal formation process, and compares the first ice crystal formation efficiency and the second ice crystal formation efficiency with the second preset threshold to achieve the performance evaluation of artificial ice nucleus catalysis.

[0031] In an optional implementation, obtaining the first and second effective concentrations of artificial ice nuclei in step S110 includes: Step S111: Obtain the first total particle number concentration and the first active ice nucleus ratio when artificial ice nuclei are added to the cloud chamber for contact freezing nucleation, and the second total particle number concentration and the second active ice nucleus ratio when artificial ice nuclei are added to the cloud chamber for sublimation nucleation. Step S112: Based on the product of the first total particle number concentration and the first active ice nucleus ratio, the first effective concentration of artificial ice nuclei is obtained; Step S113: Based on the product of the second total particle number concentration and the second active ice nucleus ratio, the effective concentration of the second artificial ice nucleus is obtained.

[0032] In step S111, the first total particle number concentration and the second total particle number concentration are both measured by an aerosol spectrometer, and the first active ice nucleus ratio and the second active ice nucleus ratio are both calibrated by an ice nucleus activation counter.

[0033] In step S112, the effective concentration of the first artificial ice nucleus is obtained based on the first total particle number concentration and the first active ice nucleus ratio. The formula for calculating the effective concentration of the first artificial ice nucleus includes:

[0034] In the above formula, This indicates the effective concentration of the first artificial ice nucleus. Indicates the first total particle number concentration. This indicates the proportion of the first active ice nuclei.

[0035] In step S113, the effective concentration of the second artificial ice nucleus is obtained based on the second total particle number concentration and the second active ice nucleus ratio. The formula for calculating the effective concentration of the second artificial ice nucleus includes:

[0036] In the above formula, This indicates the effective concentration of the second artificial ice nucleus. Indicates the second particle number concentration. This indicates the proportion of the second active ice nuclei.

[0037] In one optional implementation, step S140 includes: Step S141: If the first ice crystal formation efficiency is greater than the second preset threshold, determine that the first efficiency is high; Step S142: If the second ice crystal formation efficiency is greater than the second preset threshold, the second efficiency is determined to be high.

[0038] In steps S141-S142, schematically, the second preset threshold can be 0.1. If the first ice crystal formation efficiency is greater than 0.1, the first efficiency is determined to be high. If the second ice crystal formation efficiency is greater than 0.1, the second efficiency is determined to be high. In this case, it is proven that the artificial ice nucleus has good catalytic efficiency.

[0039] In one alternative implementation, the cloud room further includes: A liquid nitrogen circulating refrigeration system is used to control the temperature inside the cloud chamber; A vacuum pump and gas injection system are used to control the pressure inside the cloud chamber; Temperature monitoring system, used to monitor the temperature inside the cloud room; A pressure monitoring system is used to monitor the pressure inside the cloud room; A moisture introduction system is used to control the humidity inside the cloud chamber; A humidity monitoring system is used to monitor the humidity inside the cloud room; A liquid water content measurement system is used to monitor the liquid water content inside a cloud chamber.

[0040] In this embodiment, the temperature monitoring system can be a PT100 sensor, the pressure monitoring system can be a barometer, the water vapor introduction system can be a steam generator, the humidity monitoring system can be a cold mirror dew point meter, and the liquid water content measurement system can be a hot-wire LWC meter. The cloud chamber in this embodiment is based on a combination of the above systems to establish a controllable temperature, humidity, and pressure experimental simulation environment to reproduce the core conditions of freezing rain: low temperature, high liquid water content, and the coexistence of ice and water.

[0041] In one optional implementation, when artificial ice nuclei are added to the cloud chamber for contact freezing nucleation, a liquid nitrogen circulating refrigeration system is used to control the temperature within a first preset temperature range, and a water vapor introduction system is used to control the humidity within a first preset humidity range. In this embodiment, the liquid nitrogen circulating refrigeration system is used to control the temperature at -10°C to -2°C, and the water vapor introduction system is used to control the humidity at 95% to 100%, thus simulating the mechanism of contact freezing nucleation with artificial ice nuclei in the cloud chamber.

[0042] In one optional implementation, when artificial ice nuclei are added to the cloud chamber for sublimation nucleation, a liquid nitrogen circulating cooling system is used to control the temperature within a second preset temperature range, and a water vapor introduction system is used to control the humidity within a second preset humidity range. The minimum value of the first preset temperature range is greater than the maximum value of the second preset temperature range, and the maximum value of the first preset humidity range is less than the minimum value of the second preset humidity range. This embodiment requires using a liquid nitrogen circulating cooling system to control the temperature at -20°C to -12°C and a water vapor introduction system to control the humidity at 105% to 120%, thus simulating the mechanism of sublimation nucleation with artificial ice nuclei in the cloud chamber.

[0043] This application embodiment also provides a system for evaluating the effectiveness of artificial ice nucleus catalysis in a freezing rain environment. The freezing rain environment is simulated by a cloud chamber, which includes an atomizer. The atomizer is used to generate artificial ice nuclei to control the liquid water content to be greater than a first preset threshold. The system includes: The acquisition module is used to acquire the first ice crystal concentration and the first effective concentration of artificial ice nuclei when artificial ice nuclei are added to the cloud chamber for contact freezing nucleation, the second ice crystal concentration and the second effective concentration of artificial ice nuclei when artificial ice nuclei are added to the cloud chamber for sublimation nucleation, and the third ice crystal concentration when no artificial ice nuclei are added to the cloud chamber. The first obtaining module is used to obtain the first ice crystal formation efficiency based on the first ice crystal concentration, the third ice crystal concentration, and the first effective concentration of artificial ice nuclei; The second module is used to obtain the second ice crystal formation efficiency based on the second ice crystal concentration, the third ice crystal concentration, and the second artificial ice nucleus effective concentration. The evaluation module is used to evaluate the first effectiveness of contact freezing nucleation and the second effectiveness of sublimation nucleation by adding artificial ice nuclei in the cloud chamber, based on the magnitude of the first ice crystal formation efficiency and the second ice crystal formation efficiency relative to the second preset threshold.

[0044] It is understood that the performance evaluation system for artificial ice nucleus catalysis under freezing rain conditions provided in this application embodiment can realize each process of the performance evaluation method for artificial ice nucleus catalysis under freezing rain conditions in the above embodiment, and can achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be described again here.

[0045] This application also provides an efficiency evaluation device for artificial ice nucleus catalysis under freezing rain conditions, including: The memory is configured to store instructions; The processor is configured to retrieve instructions from memory and, when executing instructions, to implement the performance evaluation method for artificial ice nucleus catalysis under freezing rain conditions as described above.

[0046] It is understood that the performance evaluation device for artificial ice nucleus catalysis under freezing rain conditions provided in this application embodiment can realize each process of the performance evaluation method for artificial ice nucleus catalysis under freezing rain conditions in the above embodiment, and can achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be described again here.

[0047] This application also provides a machine-readable storage medium storing instructions for causing a machine to perform an efficiency evaluation method for artificial ice nucleus catalysis under freezing rain conditions, as described above.

[0048] It is understood that the machine-readable storage medium provided in the embodiments of this application can realize each process of the efficiency evaluation method of artificial ice nucleus catalysis under freezing rain environment in the above embodiments, and can achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be described again here.

[0049] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of this application can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, this application can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, this application can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0050] This application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of this application. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart... Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0051] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0052] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0053] In a typical configuration, a computing device includes one or more processors (CPU), input / output interfaces, network interfaces, and memory.

[0054] Memory may include non-persistent memory in computer-readable media, such as random access memory (RAM) and / or non-volatile memory, such as read-only memory (ROM) or flash RAM. Memory is an example of computer-readable media.

[0055] Computer-readable media includes both permanent and non-permanent, removable and non-removable media that can store information using any method or technology. Information can be computer-readable instructions, data structures, modules of programs, or other data. Examples of computer storage media include, but are not limited to, phase-change memory (PRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), other types of random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technologies, CD-ROM, digital versatile optical disc (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic tape, disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transferable medium that can be used to store information accessible by a computing device. As defined herein, computer-readable media does not include transient computer-readable media, such as modulated data signals and carrier waves.

[0056] It should also be noted that the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Unless otherwise specified, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes that element.

[0057] The above are merely embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the scope of the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A method for evaluating the effectiveness of artificial ice nucleus catalysis under freezing rain conditions, characterized in that, The freezing rain environment is simulated using a cloud chamber, which includes an atomizer. The atomizer is used to generate artificial ice nuclei to control the liquid water content to be greater than a first preset threshold. The method includes: The concentrations of first ice crystals and first effective concentrations of first artificial ice nuclei are obtained when artificial ice nuclei are added to the cloud chamber for contact freezing nucleation; the concentrations of second ice crystals and second effective concentrations of second artificial ice nuclei are obtained when artificial ice nuclei are added to the cloud chamber for sublimation nucleation; and the concentration of third ice crystals is obtained when no artificial ice nuclei are added to the cloud chamber. Based on the first ice crystal concentration, the third ice crystal concentration, and the effective concentration of the first artificial ice nucleus, the first ice crystal formation efficiency is obtained; The second ice crystal formation efficiency is obtained based on the second ice crystal concentration, the third ice crystal concentration, and the effective concentration of the second artificial ice nucleus. Based on the magnitudes of the first ice crystal formation efficiency, the second ice crystal formation efficiency, and the second preset threshold, the first effectiveness of adding the artificial ice nuclei to the cloud chamber for contact freezing nucleation and the second effectiveness of adding the artificial ice nuclei to the cloud chamber for sublimation nucleation are evaluated respectively.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The evaluation of the first effectiveness of contact freezing nucleation and the second effectiveness of sublimation nucleation of artificial ice nuclei in the cloud chamber, based on the magnitudes of the first ice crystal formation efficiency and the second ice crystal formation efficiency relative to a second preset threshold, includes: If the first ice crystal formation efficiency is greater than the second preset threshold, the first efficiency is determined to be high. If the second ice crystal formation efficiency is greater than the second preset threshold, the second efficiency is determined to be high.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Obtaining the effective concentrations of the first and second artificial ice nuclei includes: The first total particle number concentration and the first active ice nucleus ratio are obtained when the artificial ice nuclei are added to the cloud chamber for contact freezing nucleation, and the second total particle number concentration and the second active ice nucleus ratio are obtained when the artificial ice nuclei are added to the cloud chamber for sublimation nucleation. The effective concentration of the first artificial ice nucleus is obtained by multiplying the first total particle number concentration and the first active ice nucleus ratio. The effective concentration of the second artificial ice nucleus is obtained by multiplying the second total particle number concentration and the second active ice nucleus ratio.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first total particle number concentration and the second total particle number concentration were both measured by an aerosol spectrometer, and the first active ice nucleus ratio and the second active ice nucleus ratio were both calibrated by an ice nucleus activation counter.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cloud room also includes: A liquid nitrogen circulating refrigeration system is used to control the temperature inside the cloud chamber; A vacuum pump and gas injection system are used to control the pressure inside the cloud chamber; A temperature monitoring system is used to monitor the temperature inside the cloud chamber; A pressure monitoring system is used to monitor the pressure inside the cloud chamber; A water vapor introduction system is used to control the humidity inside the cloud chamber; A humidity monitoring system is used to monitor the humidity inside the cloud room; A liquid water content measurement system is used to monitor the liquid water content inside the cloud chamber.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, When artificial ice nuclei are added to the cloud chamber for contact freezing nucleation, the temperature is controlled within a first preset temperature range using the liquid nitrogen circulation refrigeration system, and the humidity is controlled within a first preset humidity range using the water vapor introduction system.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, When artificial ice nuclei are added to the cloud chamber for sublimation nucleation, the temperature is controlled in a second preset temperature range using the liquid nitrogen circulation refrigeration system, and the humidity is controlled in a second preset humidity range using the water vapor introduction system. The minimum value of the first preset temperature range is greater than the maximum value of the second preset temperature range, and the maximum value of the first preset humidity range is less than the minimum value of the second preset humidity range.

8. A performance evaluation system for artificial ice nucleus catalysis under freezing rain conditions, characterized in that, The freezing rain environment is simulated using a cloud chamber, which includes an atomizer. The atomizer is used to generate artificial ice nuclei to control the liquid water content to be greater than a first preset threshold. The system includes: The acquisition module is used to acquire the first ice crystal concentration and the first effective concentration of artificial ice nuclei when artificial ice nuclei are added to the cloud chamber for contact freezing nucleation, the second ice crystal concentration and the second effective concentration of artificial ice nuclei when artificial ice nuclei are added to the cloud chamber for sublimation nucleation, and the third ice crystal concentration when no artificial ice nuclei are added to the cloud chamber. The first obtaining module is used to obtain the first ice crystal formation efficiency based on the first ice crystal concentration, the third ice crystal concentration, and the effective concentration of the first artificial ice nucleus; The second obtaining module is used to obtain the second ice crystal formation efficiency based on the second ice crystal concentration, the third ice crystal concentration, and the second artificial ice nucleus effective concentration; The evaluation module is used to evaluate, based on the magnitudes of the first ice crystal formation efficiency and the second ice crystal formation efficiency relative to the second preset threshold, the first effectiveness of contact freezing nucleation and the second effectiveness of sublimation nucleation of artificial ice nuclei added to the cloud chamber.

9. A device for evaluating the effectiveness of artificial ice nucleus catalysis under freezing rain conditions, characterized in that, include: The memory is configured to store instructions; The processor is configured to retrieve the instructions from the memory and, when executing the instructions, to implement the efficiency evaluation method for artificial ice nucleus catalysis under freezing rain conditions according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A machine-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The machine-readable storage medium stores instructions for causing the machine to perform the efficiency evaluation method for artificial ice nucleus catalysis under freezing rain conditions according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

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