Energy comprehensive utilization system based on fusion device and control method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of energy comprehensive utilization system based on fusion device and its control method, the system includes: divertor cooling circulation loop, blanket tritium production loop, first cooling circuit, second cooling circuit, brayton cycle loop and rankine cycle loop;First cooling circuit and second cooling circuit are used for blanket cooling and purification, when the heat load of fusion device is less than preset threshold, only first cooling circuit is operated;When the heat load of fusion device is greater than preset threshold, first cooling circuit and the second cooling circuit are operated in parallel;Second cooling circuit is indirectly connected or directly connected with brayton cycle loop or rankine cycle loop by valve switching;Brayton cycle loop, rankine cycle loop is power generation circuit, and power generation mode includes rankine cycle power generation, brayton cycle power generation, combined power generation of rankine cycle and brayton cycle.The application can realize fusion device energy comprehensive utilization, and improve system flexibility simultaneously.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of fusion energy, in particular to an energy comprehensive utilization system based on a fusion device and a control method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] The tokamak fusion device is one of the most effective means for researching magnetic confinement fusion energy, and is mainly composed of a blanket, a divertor, a vacuum chamber, a cold shield, a dewar and a magnet, etc. The blanket is mainly used for generating tritium through the interaction of neutrons and a breeder, and guiding the energy generated by the fusion reaction out. As for the cooling power generation system of the tokamak fusion device, the current research is to cool the blanket and the divertor by using a coolant while moving the energy out, and to convert the heat energy into electric energy through a power generation cycle.

[0003] For the energy utilization system of the tokamak fusion device, there is no energy utilization scheme that comprehensively considers the functions of tritium production, power generation, cooling and purification. In addition, in the design of the cooling and purification system, the filter purifier in the existing design is usually directly connected in series in the cooling loop, and the system loss is large. When the heat load of the blanket fluctuates greatly, the loop needs to be changed again, and the flexibility is low. It is also unable to flexibly adjust the cooling and purification and power generation modes for different designs of the blanket. SUMMARY

[0004] To solve the above technical problems, the present application provides an energy comprehensive utilization system based on a fusion device and a control method thereof, which can comprehensively realize the simultaneous operation of blanket tritium production, cooling power generation and purification, realize the energy comprehensive utilization of the blanket, the divertor and the coolant purification system, and provide multiple operation modes of cooling and purification and power generation cycle, which can flexibly adjust the power generation scheme for different blanket cooling modes.

[0005] The present application provides an energy comprehensive utilization system based on a fusion device, comprising:

[0006] a divertor cooling circulation loop, a blanket tritium production loop, a first cooling loop, a second cooling loop, a Brayton cycle loop and a Rankine cycle loop;

[0007] The first cooling loop and the second cooling loop are used for blanket cooling and purification. When the heat load of the fusion device is less than a preset threshold, only the first cooling loop is operated. When the heat load of the fusion device is greater than the preset threshold, the first cooling loop and the second cooling loop are operated in parallel.

[0008] The second cooling loop is indirectly connected or directly connected with the Brayton cycle loop or the Rankine cycle loop through a valve. The Brayton cycle loop and the Rankine cycle loop are power generation loops, and the power generation modes include Rankine cycle power generation, Brayton cycle power generation, combined power generation of Rankine cycle and Brayton cycle.

[0009] As an improvement of the above-mentioned scheme, the divertor cooling circulation loop comprises: a divertor, a first heat exchanger and a first system pressurizing device connected in series; the first heat exchanger is connected with the Rankine cycle loop;

[0010] The first system pressurizing device is provided with a purification loop in parallel, and the purification loop is used for purifying the coolant; the first system pressurizing device is provided with a first pressure stabilizing device in parallel, and the first pressure stabilizing device comprises a first supply tank, a first pressure stabilizing tank and a plurality of safety valves.

[0011] As an improvement of the above-mentioned scheme, the blanket tritium production loop comprises: a blanket tritium production pipeline, a second heat exchanger, a tritium extraction process module and a second system pressurizing device connected in series;

[0012] The second system pressurizing device is provided with a second pressure stabilizing device in parallel, and the second pressure stabilizing device comprises a second supply tank, a second pressure stabilizing tank and a plurality of safety valves.

[0013] As an improvement of the above-mentioned scheme, the first cooling loop comprises: a blanket cooling pipeline, a third heat exchanger, a fourth heat exchanger, a purification process module, a third system pressurizing device and a plurality of valves;

[0014] The blanket cooling pipeline, the third heat exchanger, the purification process module and the third system pressurizing device are connected in series; through valve switching, the third heat exchanger and the fourth heat exchanger are connected in series or in parallel, or the third heat exchanger operates alone;

[0015] The third system pressurizing device is provided with a third pressure stabilizing device in parallel, and the third pressure stabilizing device comprises a third supply tank, a third pressure stabilizing tank and a plurality of safety valves.

[0016] As an improvement of the above-mentioned scheme, when the fourth heat exchanger is put into operation, the fourth heat exchanger exchanges heat with the Rankine cycle loop or the Brayton cycle loop.

[0017] As an improvement of the above-mentioned scheme, the second cooling loop comprises: a blanket cooling pipeline, a main heat exchanger, a fourth system pressurizing device and a plurality of valves; the fourth system pressurizing device is provided with a fourth pressure stabilizing device in parallel, and the fourth pressure stabilizing device comprises a fourth supply tank, a fourth pressure stabilizing tank and a plurality of safety valves; the fourth system pressurizing device is a centrifugal pressurizing device;

[0018] The main heat exchanger comprises a first main heat exchanger and a second main heat exchanger; when the second cooling circuit is indirectly connected with the Brayton cycle circuit, the second cooling circuit is connected with the Brayton cycle circuit through the first main heat exchanger; when the second cooling circuit is indirectly connected with the Rankine cycle circuit, the second cooling circuit is connected with the Rankine cycle circuit through the second main heat exchanger.

[0019] As an improvement of the above scheme, the Brayton cycle circuit comprises a first main heat exchanger, a generator set, a fifth heat exchanger, a sixth heat exchanger, a compressor and a plurality of valves;

[0020] When the Brayton cycle circuit is indirectly connected with the second cooling circuit, the working medium in the Brayton cycle circuit is heated in the first main heat exchanger, enters the generator set through an isolation valve to drive the generator to generate electricity, the working medium flowing out of the generator set enters the first port of the sixth heat exchanger through a valve and flows out of the second port, then successively passes through the fifth heat exchanger, the compressor, enters the third port of the sixth heat exchanger, and flows out of the fourth port of the sixth heat exchanger, and finally returns to the first main heat exchanger;

[0021] When the Brayton cycle circuit is directly connected with the second cooling circuit, the first main heat exchanger is cut off by a valve, so that the cladding cooling working medium in the second cooling circuit directly enters the generator set through an isolation valve to drive the generator to generate electricity, the working medium flowing out of the generator set enters the first port of the sixth heat exchanger through a valve and flows out of the second port, then successively passes through the fifth heat exchanger, the compressor, enters the third port of the sixth heat exchanger, and flows out of the fourth port of the sixth heat exchanger, and finally returns to the cladding cooling pipeline.

[0022] As an improvement of the above scheme, the Rankine cycle circuit comprises a second main heat exchanger, a steam turbine, a condenser, a deaerator, a seventh heat exchanger, an eighth heat exchanger, a fifth system pressure booster, a steam-water separator and a plurality of valves;

[0023] When the Rankine cycle circuit is indirectly connected with the second cooling circuit, the working medium in the Rankine cycle circuit enters the steam turbine through an isolation valve to drive the generator to generate electricity, the working medium flowing out of the steam turbine enters the condenser, the deaerator and the seventh heat exchanger, then is pressurized by the fifth system pressure booster and enters the eighth heat exchanger, and finally returns to the second main heat exchanger;

[0024] When the Rankine cycle loop and the second cooling loop are directly connected, the second main heat exchanger is cut off by a valve, so that the cladding cooling working medium in the second cooling loop directly enters the steam-water separator, then enters the steam turbine driven generator through an isolation valve, the working medium from the steam turbine enters the condenser, the deaerator and the seventh heat exchanger, then is pressurized by the fifth system pressurizing device and enters the eighth heat exchanger, and finally returns to the cladding cooling pipeline.

[0025] As an improvement of the above scheme, the divertor in the divertor cooling circulation loop, the cladding tritium production pipeline in the cladding tritium production loop and the cladding cooling pipeline in the first cooling loop are all provided with bypass valves for cutting off the corresponding equipment before system maintenance.

[0026] The generator set in the Brayton cycle loop and the steam turbine in the Rankine cycle loop are both provided with bypass valves for adjusting the flow of working medium entering the generator set and the steam turbine.

[0027] The application also provides a control method of the energy comprehensive utilization system based on the fusion device.

[0028] According to the heat load of the fusion device, the operation mode of the first cooling loop and the second cooling loop is determined.

[0029] If the second cooling loop is operated, according to the type of the cladding cooling working medium, the connection mode of the second cooling loop and the power generation loop is determined, the connection mode is indirect connection or direct connection; according to the cladding temperature and the type of the cladding cooling working medium, the power generation mode is determined; the power generation mode includes Rankine cycle power generation, Brayton cycle power generation and combined power generation of Rankine cycle and Brayton cycle.

[0030] Based on the operation mode, the connection mode and the power generation mode, the energy comprehensive utilization system is controlled to perform cladding tritium production, cooling purification and power generation circulation.

[0031] The application provides a fusion device-based energy comprehensive utilization system and a control method thereof, and has the beneficial effects that, by comprehensively designing a divertor cooling circulation loop, a blanket tritium production loop, a first cooling loop, a second cooling loop, a Brayton cycle loop and a Rankine cycle loop, the energy in power generation, tritium extraction and purification can be comprehensively utilized; the first cooling loop and the second cooling loop are used for blanket cooling and purification, when the heat load of the fusion device is less than a preset threshold, only the first cooling loop is operated; when the heat load of the fusion device is greater than the preset threshold, the first cooling loop and the second cooling loop are operated in parallel, which is suitable for various blanket temperature working conditions, and the flexibility of the energy comprehensive utilization system is improved; the second cooling loop is indirectly connected or directly connected with the Brayton cycle loop or the Rankine cycle loop through a valve, the Brayton cycle loop and the Rankine cycle loop are power generation loops, the power generation modes include Rankine cycle power generation, Brayton cycle power generation, combined Rankine cycle and Brayton cycle power generation, flexible power generation modes are realized, and the energy utilization efficiency is improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a fusion device-based energy comprehensive utilization system provided by an embodiment of the application;

[0033] Figure 2 FIG. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a divertor cooling circulation loop provided by an embodiment of the application;

[0034] Figure 3 FIG. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of a blanket tritium production loop provided by an embodiment of the application;

[0035] Figure 4 FIG. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of a first cooling loop provided by an embodiment of the application;

[0036] Figure 5 FIG. 5 is a structural schematic diagram of a second cooling loop provided by an embodiment of the application;

[0037] Figure 6 FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a directly connected Brayton cycle loop provided by an embodiment of the application;

[0038] Figure 7 FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an indirectly connected Brayton cycle loop provided by an embodiment of the application;

[0039] Figure 8 FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a directly connected Rankine cycle loop provided by an embodiment of the application;

[0040] Figure 9 FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of an indirectly connected Rankine cycle loop provided by an embodiment of the application;

[0041] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of a combined cycle of indirectly connected Rankine cycle and Brayton cycle provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0042] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of a combined cycle of directly connected Rankine cycle and Brayton cycle provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0043] In the drawings, reference numerals:

[0044] MH101: first heat exchanger; MH102: ninth heat exchanger; MP101: first system booster; MV101: first supply tank; MV102: first pressure stabilizing tank; MH201: second heat exchanger; MV201: second supply tank; MV202: second pressure stabilizing tank; MP201: second system booster; MH301: third heat exchanger; MH302: fourth heat exchanger; MV301: third supply tank; MV302: third pressure stabilizing tank; MP301: third system booster; MH401: first main heat exchanger; MV401: fourth supply tank; MV402: fourth pressure stabilizing tank; MP401: fourth system booster; MT501: generator set; MH501: fifth heat exchanger; MH502: sixth heat exchanger; MH503: tenth heat exchanger; MH601: second main heat exchanger; MH701: steam-water separator; MH803: seventh heat exchanger; MH804: eleventh heat exchanger; MH805: eighth heat exchanger; MH806: twelfth heat exchanger; MT801: steam turbine; MH801: condenser; MH802: deaerator; V110, V131, V301, V401, V501, V802 are regulating valves; V123, V124, V215, V216, V315, V316, V415, V416 are safety valves; V108, V209, V309, V405, V703, V811 are check valves; V112, V504, V803, V902, V905 are bypass valves; V601 is a line switching valve; V517 is a backflow valve; V101, V102, V103, V104, V105, V106, V107, V109, V111, V121, V122, V130, V132, V133, V134, V202, V206, V207, V208, V210, V213, V214, V302, V303, V304, V305, V306, V307, V308, V310, V312, V313, V314, V317, V318, V402, V403, V404, V406, V407, V410, V413, V414, V502, V503, V505, V506, V507, V508, V509, V510, V511, V512, V513, V514, V515, V516, V518, V519, V521, V522, V523, V524, V531, V532, V602, V603, V604, V610, V701, V702, V704, V801, V804, V805, V806, V807, V808, V809, V810, V812, V813, V814, V815, V816, V817, V818, V901, V903, V904, V906 are isolation valves. Detailed Implementation

[0045] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0046] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the framework structure of an energy comprehensive utilization system based on a fusion device provided by an embodiment of the present invention. The energy comprehensive utilization system based on a fusion device includes: a divertor cooling circulation loop, a blanket tritium generation loop, a first cooling loop, a second cooling loop, a Brayton cycle loop, and a Rankine cycle loop;

[0047] The first cooling circuit and the second cooling circuit are used for blanket cooling and purification. When the heat load of the fusion device is less than a preset threshold, only the first cooling circuit operates; when the heat load of the fusion device is greater than the preset threshold, the first cooling circuit and the second cooling circuit operate in parallel.

[0048] The second cooling circuit is switched by a valve and is indirectly or directly connected to the Brayton cycle circuit or the Rankine cycle circuit; the Brayton cycle circuit and the Rankine cycle circuit are power generation circuits, and the power generation methods include Rankine cycle power generation, Brayton cycle power generation, and combined power generation of Rankine cycle and Brayton cycle.

[0049] Specifically, in a tokamak fusion device, the blanket can be classified into gas-cooled blanket and liquid-cooled blanket based on the blanket coolant that removes heat; and into liquid blanket and solid blanket based on the different physical forms of the tritium breeder. The solid blanket mainly blows out the generated tritium through a carrier gas, and after the tritium is separated in the tritium extraction device, the carrier gas is returned to the blanket. Its structure can be divided into two regions: tritium production and cooling, which are not interconnected.

[0050] A tritium extraction process module is arranged in a blanket tritium production loop to process blanket tritium production. The cooling pipeline of the blanket is connected with two cooling loops, wherein the first cooling loop can process low heat load and is also responsible for purification of the blanket coolant. When the heat load of the fusion device blanket is low, only the first cooling loop can be operated to perform cooling and purification. When high heat load needs to be processed, if only the first cooling loop is used, the purification module and the cooling module of the system are operated in series, and at this time, the system resistance is high, and the cooling capacity is difficult to cope with the high heat load condition. The second cooling loop is arranged in parallel with the second cooling loop, and when the system is in a high heat load condition, the first cooling loop and the second cooling loop are operated at the same time, and the purification module and the cooling module of the system are in parallel, and the second cooling loop is connected with a Brayton cycle loop / Rankine cycle loop to realize high-efficiency cooling and power generation. The embodiment of the present application switches the operation mode of the cooling loop according to the type of the working condition of the blanket, including separately operating the first cooling loop, separately operating the second cooling loop, and operating the first cooling loop and the second cooling loop in parallel.

[0051] On the other hand, the system includes three power generation cycles: Rankine cycle power generation, Brayton cycle power generation, and combined Rankine cycle and Brayton cycle power generation. These power generation loops can be switched in mode through valve control, and the connection mode between the power generation loop and the second cooling loop can be switched through valve control, so that direct connection or indirect connection can be selected according to actual needs.

[0052] In the energy comprehensive utilization system of the embodiment of the present application, corresponding valves are arranged at both ends or connection positions of each device and pipeline, and the valves include regulating valves and isolation valves, which are used to control the flow and on-off of the pipeline, so that multiple system operation modes can be flexibly switched through valve control to adapt to different fusion device working conditions. The system mainly includes the following cycles: a divertor cooling cycle, a blanket tritium production cycle, a blanket cooling and purification cycle suitable for low heat load (i.e., a first cooling loop), a blanket cooling and purification cycle suitable for high heat load, a Brayton power generation cycle indirectly connected with the blanket cooling loop, a Brayton power generation cycle directly connected with the blanket cooling loop, a Rankine power generation cycle indirectly connected with the blanket cooling loop, a Rankine power generation cycle directly connected with the blanket cooling loop, a combined power generation cycle indirectly connected with the blanket cooling loop, and a combined power generation cycle directly connected with the blanket cooling loop. These cycles can be independently operated or jointly operated.

[0053] As one of the optional embodiments, the divertor cooling cycle loop includes: a divertor, a first heat exchanger MH101 and a first system pressurizing device MP101 connected in series; the first heat exchanger MH101 is connected with the Rankine cycle loop;

[0054] The first system pressurizing device MP101 is provided with a purification circuit in parallel, which is used for purifying the coolant; the first system pressurizing device MP101 is provided with a first pressure stabilizing device in parallel, which comprises a first supply tank MV101, a first pressure stabilizing tank MV102 and a plurality of safety valves.

[0055] Please refer to Figure 2 , Figure 2 is a structure diagram of a divertor cooling circulation loop provided by the embodiment of the present application.

[0056] Specifically, in the divertor cooling circulation loop, the coolant flows out from the isolation valve V101 at the divertor outlet, enters the first heat exchanger MH101 through the isolation valve V102 for cooling, and then the cooled coolant enters the first system pressurizing device MP101 through the isolation valve V105 and the isolation valve V107, is pressurized by the first system pressurizing device MP101, and then returns to the divertor through the outlet check valve V108, the isolation valve V109, the regulating valve V110 and the isolation valve V111. The system pressurizing device is a circulating pump or a fan, which is used for providing circulating power.

[0057] Further, the system is provided with a first pressure stabilizing device in parallel at the first system pressurizing device MP101, which comprises a first supply tank MV101, a first pressure stabilizing tank MV102 and a plurality of safety valves. The supply tank is used for supplementing the cooling medium and absorbing the leaked medium, and the pressure stabilizing tank is used for stabilizing the system pressure. The system coolant supplementing device, i.e. the first supply tank MV101, is arranged at the inlet of the first system pressurizing device MP101, and when the system pressure decreases, the coolant is supplemented to the system through a water source or an air source. The externally supplemented coolant enters the first supply tank MV101 through the isolation valve V121, and then flows into the first system pressurizing device MP101 through the isolation valve V122. The outlet of the first system pressurizing device MP101 is provided with the first pressure stabilizing tank MV102, and two safety valves are arranged on the first pressure stabilizing tank MV102. The first safety valve V123 is connected to the first supply tank MV101, and when the pressure stabilizing tank is over-pressurized, the medium is discharged into the supply tank to avoid causing environmental pollution; the second safety valve V124 directly discharges to the plant space, which is used for coping with special working conditions when the first safety valve fails.

[0058] Further, with the accumulation of running time, the radioactivity in the system loop will increase, in order to reduce the system pollution, on the basis of the filter cooling cycle, a purification loop is arranged in parallel. Specifically, a shunt pipeline is arranged at the outlet of the first system pressurizing device MP101, part of the coolant fluid enters the purification process A module through the isolation valve V130 and the regulating valve V131, and the coolant removes tritium and other radioactive impurities in the purification process A module, and then returns to the main pipeline through the isolation valve V132, and flows into the first system pressurizing device MP101 again. The ratio of the flow rate of the purification loop to the flow rate of the main loop is adjusted by the regulating valve V131 and the regulating valve V110.

[0059] Further, the purification process A module is also provided with external interfaces B1 and B2, which can be used as a backup for the purification module in the first cooling loop in special cases.

[0060] Further, the filter cooling cycle loop is also provided with a ninth heat exchanger MH102. A shunt pipeline is arranged at the inlet of the first heat exchanger MH101, part of the coolant passes through the isolation valve V103 and enters the ninth heat exchanger MH102 for heat exchange, and then flows into the outlet pipeline of the first heat exchanger MH101 through the isolation valve V106; in addition, a shunt pipeline is arranged at the outlet of the first heat exchanger MH101, which flows into the ninth heat exchanger MH102 for heat exchange through the isolation valve V104. By controlling the opening and closing of each valve, multiple operating modes can be switched, including: first heat exchanger MH101 independent operation, ninth heat exchanger MH102 independent operation, first heat exchanger MH101 and ninth heat exchanger MH102 series operation, first heat exchanger MH101 and ninth heat exchanger MH102 parallel operation, so as to flexibly utilize the waste heat of the filter. Specifically, when the first heat exchanger MH101 operates independently, the isolation valve V102 and the isolation valve V105 are opened, and the isolation valve V103, the isolation valve V104 and the isolation valve V106 are closed; when the ninth heat exchanger MH102 operates independently, the isolation valve V103 and the isolation valve V106 are opened, and the isolation valve V102, the isolation valve V104 and the isolation valve V105 are closed; when the first heat exchanger MH101 and the ninth heat exchanger MH102 operate in series, the isolation valve V102, the isolation valve V104 and the isolation valve V106 are opened, and the isolation valve V103 and the isolation valve V105 are closed; when the first heat exchanger MH101 and the ninth heat exchanger MH102 operate in parallel, the isolation valve V102, the isolation valve V105, the isolation valve V103 and the isolation valve V106 are opened, and the isolation valve V104 is closed.

[0061] Among them, the interfaces A1 and A2 of the first heat exchanger MH101 and the interfaces A3 and A4 of the ninth heat exchanger MH102 are externally connected to cooling medium for cooling or waste heat utilization.

[0062] Further, the bypass valve V112 is arranged in parallel with the filter and bypasses the filter, so that the filter is cut off before the system pipeline is overhauled, and the pipeline is operated in the purification mode for a period of time, so that the system radioactivity is effectively reduced before the pipeline is overhauled, and the system safety is improved.

[0063] Please refer to Figure 3 , Figure 3 is a structural schematic diagram of a blanket tritium production loop provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0064] As one of the optional embodiments, the blanket tritium production loop comprises a blanket tritium production pipeline, a second heat exchanger MH201, a tritium extraction process module and a second system pressure boosting device MP201 connected in series.

[0065] The second system pressure boosting device MP201 is provided with a second pressure stabilizing device in parallel, and the second pressure stabilizing device comprises a second supply tank MV201, a second stabilizing tank MV202 and a plurality of safety valves.

[0066] Specifically, the tritium production system carrier gas enters the second heat exchanger MH201 through the isolation valve V903 and the isolation valve V202 for cooling, and the cooled carrier gas enters the tritium extraction process module through the isolation valve V206 and the isolation valve V207, and the tritium in the carrier gas is extracted in the tritium extraction process module, and the carrier gas coming out of the tritium extraction process module enters the second system pressure boosting device MP201 through the isolation valve V208, and the pressurized carrier gas returns to the blanket tritium production pipeline through the check valve V209, the isolation valve V210 and the isolation valve V901. In the second heat exchanger MH201, the external coolant enters the second heat exchanger MH201 through the C1 interface and flows out through the C2 interface after taking away the heat.

[0067] Further, the second stabilizing tank MV202 is a carrier gas storage tank, which is directly connected with the tritium production loop and is used to relieve the pressure fluctuation at the outlet of the second system pressure boosting device MP201 and stabilize the system pressure. When the system pressure exceeds the set allowable pressure threshold, the safety valve V215 at the top of the carrier gas storage tank is opened to discharge the high-pressure carrier gas into the low-pressure carrier gas storage tank (i.e. the second supply tank MV201), and if the system pressure cannot be reduced or the safety valve V215 cannot be opened due to failure, the standby safety valve V216 is opened to vent the carrier gas to ensure safety. If the system pressure is reduced, the isolation valve V214 corresponding to the second supply tank MV201 is opened to supply gas to the system, and if the gas pressure in the second supply tank MV201 continues to decrease and cannot supply gas to the system, the isolation valve V213 is opened to continue to supply gas to the system through an external gas source.

[0068] Further, the blanket tritium production pipeline is also provided with a bypass valve V902, which is used to cut off the tritium production loop before system maintenance, at which time the system continues to run for a period of time, thereby reducing the tritium content in the system, and after the radioactivity is reduced, the pipeline maintenance work of the system is carried out. When the blanket tritium production loop is normally running, the bypass valve V902 is closed, and when the blanket tritium production pipeline needs to be cut off, the bypass valve V902 is opened.

[0069] Please refer to Figure 4 , Figure 4 is a structural schematic diagram of a first cooling circuit provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0070] As one of the optional embodiments, the first cooling circuit comprises a blanket cooling pipeline, a third heat exchanger MH301, a fourth heat exchanger MH302, a purification process module, a third system pressurizing device MP301 and a plurality of valves;

[0071] The blanket cooling pipeline, the third heat exchanger MH301, the purification process module and the third system pressurizing device MP301 are connected in series; through valve switching, the third heat exchanger MH301 and the fourth heat exchanger MH302 are connected in series or in parallel, or the third heat exchanger MH301 is operated alone;

[0072] The third system pressurizing device MP301 is provided in parallel with a third pressure stabilizing device, and the third pressure stabilizing device comprises a third supply tank MV301, a third pressure stabilizing tank MV302 and a plurality of safety valves.

[0073] Specifically, in the first cooling circuit, the blanket cooling working medium enters the cooling module from the blanket cooling pipeline through the isolation valve V906 and the regulating valve V301, enters the third heat exchanger MH301 through the isolation valve V302, and then enters the purification process B module through the isolation valve V303 and the isolation valve V307. After the purification process B module purifies the radioactive activation products and tritium carried by the blanket cooling working medium, the blanket cooling working medium enters the third system pressurizing device MP301 through the isolation valve V308, is pressurized, and then returns to the blanket cooling pipeline through the check valve V309, the isolation valve V310, the isolation valve V312 and the isolation valve V904.

[0074] Further, the third system pressurizing device MP301 is provided with a third pressure stabilizing device in parallel, wherein the third pressure stabilizing tank MV302 is directly connected to the outlet end of the third system pressurizing device MP301, for relieving the pressure fluctuation at the outlet of the pressurizing device, and stabilizing the system pressure. When the system pressure exceeds the set allowable pressure, the safety valve V315 at the top of the third pressure stabilizing tank MV302 opens, discharging the high-pressure working medium into the low-pressure third supply tank MV301, and if the system pressure still cannot be reduced, the standby safety valve V316 is opened for exhaust. When the system pressure is lower than the preset threshold, the isolation valve V314 is opened, and the working medium is supplied to the system through the third supply tank MV301, and if the system pressure continues to decrease, the isolation valve V313 is opened, and the working medium is supplied to the system through the external interface.

[0075] Further, the cladding cooling pipeline is also provided with a bypass valve V905, for cutting off the cladding cooling pipeline before system maintenance, at which time the system continues to operate for a period of time, and after the system radioactivity decreases, the pipeline maintenance work is carried out. When the cooling loop is normally operated, the bypass valve V905 is closed, and when the cladding cooling pipeline needs to be cut off, the bypass valve V902 is opened.

[0076] Further, the cooling module in the first cooling circuit is provided with a flexible cooling access design. Through valve switching, the third heat exchanger MH301 and the fourth heat exchanger MH302 are connected in series or in parallel, or the heat exchangers are operated independently. Specifically, a shunt pipeline is arranged at the inlet of the third heat exchanger MH301, and part of the coolant enters the fourth heat exchanger MH302 through the isolation valve V305 for heat exchange, and then flows into the outlet pipeline of the third heat exchanger MH301 through the isolation valve V306; in addition, a shunt pipeline is arranged at the outlet of the third heat exchanger MH301, and flows into the fourth heat exchanger MH302 through the isolation valve V304 for heat exchange. By controlling the opening and closing of each valve, various operating modes can be switched, including: the third heat exchanger MH301 operates independently, the fourth heat exchanger MH302 operates independently, the third heat exchanger MH301 and the fourth heat exchanger MH302 operate in series, and the third heat exchanger MH301 and the fourth heat exchanger MH302 operate in parallel. Among them, when the third heat exchanger MH301 operates independently, the isolation valve V302 and the isolation valve V303 are opened, and the isolation valve V304, the isolation valve V305 and the isolation valve V306 are closed; when the fourth heat exchanger MH302 operates independently, the isolation valve V305 and the isolation valve V306 are opened, and the isolation valve V302, the isolation valve V303 and the isolation valve V304 are closed; when the third heat exchanger MH301 and the fourth heat exchanger MH302 operate in series, the isolation valve V302, the isolation valve V304 and the isolation valve V306 are opened, and the isolation valve V303 and the isolation valve V305 are closed; when the third heat exchanger MH301 and the fourth heat exchanger MH302 operate in parallel, the isolation valve V302, the isolation valve V303, the isolation valve V305 and the isolation valve V306 are opened, and the isolation valve V304 is closed.

[0077] For the third heat exchanger MH301 and the fourth heat exchanger MH302, in addition to being cooled by external cooling medium through D1 and D2 interfaces as needed, part of the heat can also be used by other systems through D3 and D4 interfaces as waste heat, realizing comprehensive utilization of system energy. Alternatively, the connection heat exchanger can also be further expanded.

[0078] As one of the optional embodiments, when the fourth heat exchanger MH302 is put into operation, the fourth heat exchanger MH302 exchanges heat with the Rankine cycle circuit or the Brayton cycle circuit.

[0079] Specifically, the cladding cooling purification cycle is used to heat the coolant at the outlet of the first main heat exchanger MH401 in the Brayton cycle to improve the heat absorption temperature of the Brayton cycle: for the fourth heat exchanger MH302 and the tenth heat exchanger MH503, D4 is connected to H1, and D3 is connected to H2.

[0080] The temperature of the circulating water at the outlet of the circulating pump in the Rankine cycle is heated by the blanket cooling purification cycle to increase the heat absorption temperature of the Rankine cycle: for the fourth heat exchanger MH302 and the twelfth heat exchanger MH806, connect D4 to K1 and D3 to K2.

[0081] Further, the purification process B module in the first cooling circuit is provided with flexible interfaces F1 and F2, which can be switched with the filter purification process module (i.e. the purification process A module). If the purification process B module of the blanket is damaged, the isolation valves V307, V308, V317, V318, the regulating valve V131 and the isolation valve V132 are closed, the blanket cooling working medium enters the purification process A module through B1, the isolation valve V133, and then flows out through the isolation valve V134 and the B2 interface, and returns to the first cooling circuit. If the purification process A module of the filter is damaged, the regulating valve V131, the isolation valve V132, the isolation valve V133, the isolation valve V134, the isolation valve V307 and the isolation valve V308 are closed, the coolant in the filter cooling circulation loop enters the purification process B module through the F1 interface and the isolation valve V317, and then flows out through the isolation valve V318 and the F2 interface, and returns to the filter cooling circulation loop.

[0082] Further, since the purification process pipe section has a large resistance, a reciprocating pump or a compressor is selected for the third system pressurizing device MP301 to cope with the high resistance. At the same time, to reduce leakage, a diaphragm compressor or a diaphragm pump is preferably selected for the third system pressurizing device MP301.

[0083] Please refer to Figure 5 , Figure 5 is a structural schematic diagram of a second cooling circuit provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0084] As one of the optional embodiments, the second cooling circuit comprises a blanket cooling pipeline, a main heat exchanger, a fourth system pressurizing device MP401 and a plurality of valves; the fourth system pressurizing device MP401 is provided with a fourth pressure stabilizing device in parallel, the fourth pressure stabilizing device comprises a fourth supply tank MV401, a fourth pressure stabilizing tank MV402 and a plurality of safety valves; the fourth system pressurizing device MP401 is a centrifugal pressurizing device.

[0085] The main heat exchanger comprises a first main heat exchanger MH401 and a second main heat exchanger MH601; when the second cooling circuit is indirectly connected with the Brayton cycle circuit, the second cooling circuit and the Brayton cycle circuit are connected through the first main heat exchanger MH401; when the second cooling circuit is indirectly connected with the Rankine cycle circuit, the second cooling circuit and the Rankine cycle circuit are connected through the second main heat exchanger MH601.

[0086] Specifically, in high heat load conditions, the first cooling circuit and the second cooling circuit operate in parallel.

[0087] In high heat load conditions and when the external cooling medium is a gas, the system is put into the first main heat exchanger MH401 and the second main heat exchanger MH601 is cut out. The bypass valve V905 of the cladding cooling pipeline and the pipeline switching valve V601 are closed, the isolation valve V906 is opened, and the cladding cooling working medium in the cladding cooling pipeline is partially introduced into the first cooling circuit through the isolation valve V906 and the regulating valve V301 to be cooled and purified, and the main cooling flow is introduced into the first main heat exchanger MH401 through the isolation valve V906, the regulating valve V301, the regulating valve V401, and the isolation valve V402 to be cooled, and then flows out through the isolation valve V403 and is introduced into the fourth system pressure increasing device MP401 through the isolation valve V410, and then is returned to the cladding cooling pipeline through the isolation valve V404, the check valve V405, and the isolation valve V904. The flow ratio of the first cooling circuit to the second cooling circuit is adjusted by the opening degree of the regulating valve V401. The first main heat exchanger MH401 is externally connected to a cooling medium to bear the high heat load of the cladding cooling.

[0088] In high heat load conditions and when the external cooling medium is a liquid, the system is put into the second main heat exchanger MH601, and the regulating valve V401, the isolation valve V402, and the isolation valve V403 are closed to cut off the first main heat exchanger MH401. Specifically, the bypass valve V905 of the cladding cooling pipeline is closed, the isolation valve V906 and the pipeline switching valve V601 are opened, the cladding cooling working medium in the cladding cooling pipeline is partially introduced into the first cooling circuit through the isolation valve V906 and the regulating valve V301 to be cooled and purified, and the main cooling flow is introduced into the second main heat exchanger MH601 through the isolation valve V906, the pipeline switching valve V601, the isolation valve V602, and the isolation valve V603 to be cooled, and then flows out through the isolation valve V604 and is introduced into the fourth system pressure increasing device MP401 through the isolation valve V410, and then is returned to the cladding cooling pipeline through the isolation valve V404, the check valve V405, and the isolation valve V904. The flow ratio of the first cooling circuit to the second cooling circuit is adjusted by the opening degree of the pipeline switching valve V601 and the regulating valve V301. The second main heat exchanger MH601 is externally connected to a cooling medium to cool the cladding cooling working medium.

[0089] Further, at the outlet of the main circulation pressurizing device (i.e. the fourth system pressurizing device MP401), a fourth pressure stabilizing tank MV402 is provided, and two-stage safety valves, i.e. safety valve V415 and safety valve V416, are provided at the top of the fourth pressure stabilizing tank MV402. When the system is over-pressurized, the safety valve V415 is first actuated to discharge the working medium to the fourth make-up tank MV401; when the safety valve V415 fails to open, the safety valve V416 is opened to directly discharge. When the system pressure is reduced, the isolation valve V414 can be opened to supplement the working medium to the system through the fourth make-up tank MV401, and if the system pressure continues to reduce, the working medium is supplemented to the system through an external make-up source via the isolation valve V413 and the isolation valve V414. Since the first cooling circuit is connected to the second cooling circuit, the working medium can also be supplemented to the circuit through the third make-up tank of the first cooling circuit.

[0090] Further, since the flow rate of the main circulation circuit (i.e. the second cooling circuit) is usually large, the fourth system pressurizing device MP401 is preferably a centrifugal pump or a centrifugal compressor.

[0091] As one of the optional embodiments, the Brayton cycle circuit comprises: a first main heat exchanger MH401, a generator set MT501, a fifth heat exchanger MH501, a sixth heat exchanger MH502, a compressor and a plurality of valves;

[0092] When the Brayton cycle circuit is indirectly connected to the second cooling circuit, the working medium in the Brayton cycle circuit is heated in the first main heat exchanger MH401, enters the generator set MT501 through an isolation valve to drive the generator to generate electricity, the working medium flowing out of the generator set MT501 enters the first port of the sixth heat exchanger MH502 through a valve and flows out of the second port, then successively passes through the fifth heat exchanger MH501 and the compressor, enters the third port of the sixth heat exchanger MH502, and flows out of the fourth port of the sixth heat exchanger MH502, and finally returns to the first main heat exchanger MH401;

[0093] When the Brayton cycle circuit is directly connected to the second cooling circuit, the first main heat exchanger MH401 is cut off by a valve, so that the cladding cooling working medium in the second cooling circuit directly enters the generator set MT501 through an isolation valve to drive the generator to generate electricity, the working medium flowing out of the generator set MT501 enters the first port of the sixth heat exchanger MH502 through a valve and flows out of the second port, then successively passes through the fifth heat exchanger MH501 and the compressor, enters the third port of the sixth heat exchanger MH502, and flows out of the fourth port of the sixth heat exchanger MH502, and finally returns to the cladding cooling pipeline.

[0094] Specifically, in the working mode of indirect connection between the Brayton cycle loop and the second cooling loop, the second cooling loop is the same as the above operation mode in the high heat load condition and the external cooling medium is gas, the first main heat exchanger MH401 is put into operation and the second main heat exchanger MH601 is cut out. The Brayton cycle loop and the cladding cooling cycle loop exchange heat through the first main heat exchanger MH401, as shown in Figure 6 The external cooling source interface isolation valve V406 and the isolation valve V407 of the first main heat exchanger MH401 are closed, the isolation valve V503 and the isolation valve V513 are opened, and the regulating valve V501 and the isolation valve V502 are closed. In the Brayton cycle loop, the cooling working medium is heated in the first main heat exchanger MH401, then enters the generator set MT501 through the isolation valve V503 and the isolation valve V505 to drive the generator to generate electricity, the expanded working medium in the generator set MT501 enters the sixth heat exchanger MH502 through the isolation valve V506, the isolation valve V507, the isolation valve V518, reuses part of the energy, then enters the fifth heat exchanger MH501 through the isolation valve V524, the isolation valve V508 and the isolation valve V509, is cooled to a low temperature, then enters the compressor through the isolation valve V510, is pressurized by the compressor, then enters the sixth heat exchanger MH502 through the isolation valve V511 to increase the temperature, and then returns to the first main heat exchanger MH401 through the isolation valve V512 and the isolation valve V513.

[0095] In the working mode of direct connection between the Brayton cycle loop and the second cooling loop, the first main heat exchanger MH401 and the second main heat exchanger MH601 are cut out. As shown in Figure 7 The pipeline switching valve V601, the regulating valve V401, the isolation valve V402, the isolation valve V403, the isolation valve V503 and the isolation valve V513 are closed, and the regulating valve V501, the isolation valve V502 and the isolation valve V514 are opened. In the Brayton cycle loop, the cooling working medium is heated in the first main heat exchanger MH401, then enters the generator set MT501 through the isolation valve V503 and the isolation valve V505 to drive the generator to generate electricity, the expanded working medium in the generator set MT501 enters the sixth heat exchanger MH502 through the isolation valve V506, the isolation valve V507 and the isolation valve V518, reuses part of the energy, then enters the fifth heat exchanger MH501 through the isolation valve V524, the isolation valve V508 and the isolation valve V509, is cooled to a low temperature, then enters the compressor through the isolation valve V510, is pressurized by the compressor, then enters the sixth heat exchanger MH502 through the isolation valve V511 to increase the temperature, and then returns to the first main heat exchanger MH401 through the isolation valve V512 and the isolation valve V513.

[0096] Further, the generator set MT501 in the Brayton cycle loop is provided with a bypass valve V504, the working medium entering the generator set is adjusted through the bypass valve, the system power generation power is adjusted, and the unexpected overspeed of the unit is avoided.

[0097] Further, a backflow valve V517 is arranged in the Brayton cycle loop to regulate the system flow and avoid compressor surge, ensuring the safe operation of the system.

[0098] Further, a tenth heat exchanger MH503 is arranged in the Brayton cycle loop, through which the working medium flows in through an isolation valve V515 and out through an isolation valve V516, for waste heat utilization through the tenth heat exchanger MH503 when there is available external waste heat. For example, the waste heat of the first cooling loop is introduced through the H1, H2 interfaces to further heat the working medium before it enters the first main heat exchanger MH401, which can further improve the efficiency of the power generation cycle.

[0099] Further, when there is an external useful heat demand, the Brayton cycle loop directs part or all of the heat out through the M1, M2 interfaces for utilization, for example, directing this part of the heat into the second main heat exchanger MH601 to further drive the Rankine cycle power generation, realizing combined loop power generation.

[0100] As one of the optional embodiments, the Rankine cycle loop includes: a second main heat exchanger MH601, a steam turbine MT801, a condenser MH801, a deaerator MH802, a seventh heat exchanger MH803, an eighth heat exchanger MH805, a fifth system pressure booster MP801, a steam-water separator MH701, and a plurality of valves.

[0101] When the Rankine cycle loop is indirectly connected to the second cooling loop, the working medium in the Rankine cycle loop enters the steam turbine MT801 through an isolation valve to drive the generator to generate electricity, the working medium flowing out of the steam turbine MT801 enters the condenser MH801, the deaerator MH802, and the seventh heat exchanger MH803, then is pressurized by the fifth system pressure booster MP801 and enters the eighth heat exchanger MH805, and finally returns to the second main heat exchanger MH601.

[0102] When the Rankine cycle loop is directly connected to the second cooling loop, the second main heat exchanger MH601 is cut out by valve control, so that the cladding cooling working medium in the second cooling loop directly enters the steam-water separator MH701, then enters the steam turbine MT801 through an isolation valve to drive the generator to generate electricity, the working medium flowing out of the steam turbine MT801 enters the condenser MH801, the deaerator MH802, and the seventh heat exchanger MH803, then is pressurized by the fifth system pressure booster MP801 and enters the eighth heat exchanger MH805, and finally returns to the cladding cooling pipeline.

[0103] Specifically, the Rankine cycle with the second cooling circuit for indirect connection mode, the second cooling circuit and the above in high heat load operating mode and the external cooling medium is the same as the liquid, put into the second main heat exchanger MH601, close the regulating valve V401, isolation valve V402, isolation valve V403, isolation valve V406, isolation valve V407, isolation valve V503, isolation valve V513, regulating valve V501, isolation valve V502, isolation valve V514, cut off the first main heat exchanger MH401. As shown in Figure 8 the second main heat exchanger MH601 external cold source interface: isolation valve V531, isolation valve V532, and isolation valve V701, isolation valve V702, check valve V703, isolation valve V704, open the isolation valve V906 of the cladding cooling pipeline outlet, part of the cladding cooling working medium enters the first cooling circuit for purification through the regulating valve, and the main cladding cooling working medium enters the second main heat exchanger MH601 to heat the working medium of the Rankine cycle circuit. The heated working medium enters the steam turbine MT801 through the isolation valve V801 and the regulating valve V802 to drive the generator to generate electricity. The expanded working medium enters the condenser MH801 through the isolation valve V804, condenses into water, and then enters the deaerator MH802 through the isolation valve V805, the seventh heat exchanger MH803, and the isolation valve V806. At this time, the working medium heated and deaerated by steam extraction enters the eighth heat exchanger MH805 through the fifth system pressure increasing device MP801 to further increase the temperature, and finally returns to the second main heat exchanger MH601 through the isolation valve V814 and the isolation valve V818. The cladding cooling working medium flows out of the second main heat exchanger MH601 and returns to the cladding cooling pipeline through the isolation valve V604, the isolation valve V610, and the isolation valve V904.

[0104] The Rankine cycle with the second cooling circuit for direct connection mode, cut off the first main heat exchanger MH401 and the second main heat exchanger MH601. As shown in Figure 9As shown, the valves of all interfaces of the second main heat exchanger MH601 are closed: isolation valve V521, isolation valve V522, isolation valve V531, isolation valve V532, isolation valve V603, isolation valve V604, isolation valve V818, isolation valve V801, isolation valve V701, isolation valve V702, check valve V703, isolation valve V704 are opened, the isolation valve V906 of the cladding cooling pipeline outlet is opened, part of the cladding cooling working medium enters the first cooling loop for purification through the regulating valve, and the main cladding cooling working medium enters the steam-water separator MH701 through the pipeline switching valve V601, the isolation valve V602 and the isolation valve V701, then enters the steam turbine MT801 through the isolation valve V702 and the regulating valve V802 to drive the generator to generate electricity, the expanded working medium enters the condenser MH801 through the isolation valve V804, is condensed into water, then enters the deaerator MH802 through the isolation valve V805, the seventh heat exchanger MH803 and the isolation valve V806, at this time, the working medium heated and deaerated by steam extraction enters the seventh system pressure increasing device MP801 to be pressurized, then enters the eighth heat exchanger MH805 through the check valve V811, the isolation valve V812 and the isolation valve V813 to further increase the temperature, and finally returns to the cladding cooling pipeline through the isolation valve V814, the isolation valve V704, the isolation valve V610 and the isolation valve V904.

[0105] Further, the steam turbine MT801 is provided with a bypass valve V803, by adjusting the bypass valve V803 and the steam turbine inlet regulating valve V802, the amount of steam entering the steam turbine MT801 is adjusted to realize power regulation. And in special cases, for example, in the case of overspeed of the steam turbine, the steam supply of the steam turbine is switched, and the steam is all input to the condenser through the bypass.

[0106] Further, when the water level of the deaerator MH802 is lower than the preset value, external water supplement enters the deaerator through the isolation valve V810.

[0107] Further, the Rankine cycle loop is further provided with an eleventh heat exchanger MH804, which can be connected in parallel or series with the seventh heat exchanger MH803 through valve control, or the heat exchanger operates independently. Specifically, a shunt pipeline is arranged at the inlet of the seventh heat exchanger MH803, part of the coolant enters the eleventh heat exchanger MH804 for heat exchange through the isolation valve V809, and then flows into the outlet pipeline of the seventh heat exchanger MH803 through the isolation valve V808; in addition, a shunt pipeline is arranged at the outlet of the seventh heat exchanger MH803, which flows into the eleventh heat exchanger MH804 for heat exchange through the isolation valve V807. By controlling the opening and closing of each valve, various operating modes can be switched, including: the seventh heat exchanger MH803 operates independently, the seventh heat exchanger MH803 and the eleventh heat exchanger MH804 operate in series, and the seventh heat exchanger MH803 and the eleventh heat exchanger MH804 operate in parallel. Among them, when the seventh heat exchanger MH803 operates independently, the isolation valve V805 and the isolation valve V806 are opened, and the isolation valve V807, the isolation valve V808 and the isolation valve V809 are closed; when the seventh heat exchanger MH803 and the eleventh heat exchanger MH804 operate in series, the isolation valve V805, the isolation valve V807 and the isolation valve V808 are opened, and the isolation valve V806 and the isolation valve V809 are closed; when the seventh heat exchanger MH803 and the eleventh heat exchanger MH804 operate in parallel, the isolation valve V805, the isolation valve V806, the isolation valve V808 and the isolation valve V809 are opened, and the isolation valve V807 is closed. When there is a low-temperature heat source available, it can be connected to the system through the interface of the seventh heat exchanger MH803 to heat the feedwater pipeline, such as a filter heat source, specifically connecting A4 to L1 and A3 to L2.

[0108] Further, the Rankine cycle loop is further provided with a twelfth heat exchanger MH806, which can be connected in parallel or series with the eighth heat exchanger MH805 through valve control, or the heat exchanger is operated alone. Specifically, a shunt pipeline is arranged at the inlet of the eighth heat exchanger MH805, part of the coolant enters the twelfth heat exchanger MH806 for heat exchange through the isolation valve V806, and then flows into the outlet pipeline of the eighth heat exchanger MH805 through the isolation valve V817; in addition, a shunt pipeline is arranged at the outlet of the eighth heat exchanger MH805, which flows into the twelfth heat exchanger MH806 for heat exchange through the isolation valve V815. By controlling the opening and closing of each valve, various operating modes can be switched, including: the eighth heat exchanger MH805 is independently operated, the eighth heat exchanger MH805 and the twelfth heat exchanger MH806 are operated in series, and the eighth heat exchanger MH805 and the twelfth heat exchanger MH806 are operated in parallel. Among them, when the eighth heat exchanger MH805 is independently operated, the isolation valve V813 and the isolation valve V814 are opened, and the isolation valve V815, the isolation valve V816 and the isolation valve V817 are closed; when the eighth heat exchanger MH805 and the twelfth heat exchanger MH806 are operated in series, the isolation valve V813, the isolation valve V815 and the isolation valve V817 are opened, and the isolation valve V814 and the isolation valve V816 are closed; when the eighth heat exchanger MH805 and the twelfth heat exchanger MH806 are operated in parallel, the isolation valve V813, the isolation valve V814, the isolation valve V816 and the isolation valve V817 are opened, and the isolation valve V815 is closed. When there is a high-temperature heat source outside, such as the waste heat of the purification loop, the interface of the twelfth heat exchanger MH806 can be connected to the system to heat the feedwater pipeline, specifically connecting D4 to K1 and connecting D3 to K2.

[0109] Further, please refer to Figure 10 , Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of a combined loop of indirectly connected Rankine cycle and Brayton cycle provided by an embodiment of the application. On the basis of indirect connection between the Brayton cycle loop and the second cooling loop, the isolation valve V518 and the isolation valve V524 are closed, the isolation valve V519, the isolation valve V521, the isolation valve V522 and the isolation valve V523 are opened, the M1 interface is connected to the pipeline interface N2 of the second main heat exchanger MH601, the M2 interface is connected to the pipeline interface N1 of the second main heat exchanger MH601, and the regenerative heat exchanger (the seventh heat exchanger) of the Brayton cycle loop is bypassed. The heat directly acts as a heat source to heat the working medium in the Rankine cycle loop through the second main heat exchanger MH601.

[0110] Specifically, the cladding cooling working medium heats the working medium of the Brayton cycle loop through the first main heat exchanger MH401, the working medium of the Brayton cycle loop is heated and enters the generator set MT501 to generate electricity through the isolation valve V503 and the isolation valve V505, the expanded working medium enters the second main heat exchanger MH601 through the isolation valve V506, the isolation valve V507, the isolation valve V519, and the isolation valve V521, releases heat to the working medium of the Rankine cycle loop, then enters the fifth heat exchanger MH501 through the isolation valve V522, the isolation valve V523, the isolation valve V508, and the isolation valve V509, reduces the temperature, enters the compressor through the isolation valve V510 after being pressurized, increases the temperature through the sixth heat exchanger MH502, then returns to the first main heat exchanger MH401 through the isolation valve V512 and the isolation valve V513. In the Rankine cycle, the Rankine cycle working medium heated in the second main heat exchanger MH601 enters the steam turbine set to drive the generator to generate electricity through the isolation valve V801 and the regulating valve V802, the expanded working medium enters the condenser MH801 through the isolation valve V804, condenses into water, then enters the deaerator MH802 through the isolation valve V805 and the isolation valve V806, is heated and deaerated by the steam turbine extraction, and then enters the circulating pump to be pressurized, enters the eighth heat exchanger MH805 through the check valve V811, the isolation valve V812, and the isolation valve V813, further increases the temperature, then returns to the second main heat exchanger MH601 through the isolation valve V814 and the isolation valve V818.

[0111] It should be noted that the extraction stage number of the steam turbine can be adjusted according to actual requirements; the superposition stage number or the series-parallel connection mode of each heat exchanger can be adjusted according to actual requirements.

[0112] Further, please refer to Figure 11 , Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of a combined loop of a directly connected Rankine cycle and Brayton cycle provided by an embodiment of the present application. On the basis of the direct connection of the Brayton cycle loop and the second cooling loop, the isolation valve V518 and the isolation valve V524 are closed, the isolation valve V519, the isolation valve V521, the isolation valve V522, and the isolation valve V523 are opened, the M1 interface is connected to the pipe interface N2 of the second main heat exchanger MH601, the M2 interface is connected to the pipe interface N1 of the second main heat exchanger MH601, and the regenerative heat exchanger (the seventh heat exchanger) of the Brayton cycle loop is bypassed, so that heat directly acts as a heat source to heat the working medium in the Rankine cycle loop through the second main heat exchanger MH601.

[0113] Specifically, the cladding cooling working medium is divided into two paths after the isolation valve V906, one path enters the first cooling loop through the regulating valve V301, and the other path enters the generator to generate electricity through the regulating valve V501, the isolation valve V502, and the isolation valve V505. The expanded working medium enters the second main heat exchanger MH601 through the isolation valve V506, the isolation valve V507, the isolation valve V519, and the isolation valve V521, releases heat to the working medium of the Rankine cycle loop, then enters the fifth heat exchanger MH501 through the isolation valve V522, the isolation valve V523, the isolation valve V508, and the isolation valve V509, reduces the temperature, then enters the compressor through the isolation valve V510, increases the pressure, then enters the sixth heat exchanger MH502 through the isolation valve V511 to increase the temperature, and then returns to the cladding cooling pipeline through the isolation valve V512, the isolation valve V514, and the isolation valve V904. In the Rankine cycle, the Rankine cycle working medium heated in the second main heat exchanger MH601 enters the turbine unit to drive the generator to generate electricity through the isolation valve V801 and the regulating valve V802. The expanded working medium enters the condenser MH801 through the isolation valve V804, condenses into water, then enters the deaerator MH802 through the isolation valve V805 and the isolation valve V806, is heated and deaerated by the steam turbine, is pressurized by the circulating pump, enters the eighth heat exchanger MH805 through the check valve V811, the isolation valve V812, and the isolation valve V813, further increases the temperature, then returns to the second main heat exchanger MH601 through the isolation valve V814 and the isolation valve V818.

[0114] As one of the optional embodiments, the divertor in the divertor cooling cycle loop, the cladding tritium production pipeline in the cladding tritium production loop, and the cladding cooling pipeline in the first cooling loop are each provided with a bypass valve for cutting off the corresponding equipment before system maintenance.

[0115] The generator set in the Brayton cycle loop and the steam turbine in the Rankine cycle loop are each provided with a bypass valve for adjusting the working medium flow entering the generator set and the steam turbine.

[0116] Specifically, the divertor in the divertor cooling circulation loop is provided with a bypass valve V112 in parallel, which is used to cut off the divertor before system maintenance, and to maintain after the purification of radioactive substances in the purification loop. The blanket tritium breeding pipe in the blanket tritium breeding loop is provided with a bypass valve V902 in parallel, which is used to cut off the blanket tritium breeding pipe before system maintenance, and to maintain after the purification of radioactive substances in the purification loop. The blanket cooling pipe in the first cooling loop is provided with a bypass valve V905 in parallel, which is used to cut off the blanket cooling pipe before system maintenance, and to maintain after the purification of radioactive substances in the purification loop. The generator set in the Brayton cycle loop is provided with a bypass valve V504 in parallel, which is used to adjust the flow of working medium in the loop, so as to adjust the power generation. The steam turbine in the Rankine cycle loop is provided with a bypass valve V803 in parallel, which is used to adjust the flow of working medium into the steam turbine, so as to adjust the power generation.

[0117] Further, the blanket cooling working medium includes liquid metal, molten salt, water, carbon dioxide or helium, and the embodiment of the present application can switch the pipeline according to the different blanket cooling working medium, and complete multiple power generation cycles.

[0118] If the blanket cooling working medium is liquid metal or molten salt, the connection mode of the second cooling loop and the power generation loop is indirect connection, and the power generation mode includes Rankine cycle power generation, Brayton cycle power generation and combined power generation.

[0119] If the blanket cooling working medium is water, the connection mode of the second cooling loop and the power generation loop includes direct connection and indirect connection, and the power generation mode is Rankine cycle power generation.

[0120] If the blanket cooling working medium is carbon dioxide, the power generation mode includes Brayton cycle power generation with direct connection and Rankine cycle power generation with indirect connection.

[0121] If the blanket cooling working medium is helium, the power generation mode includes Rankine cycle power generation with indirect connection, Brayton cycle power generation and combined power generation with indirect connection, and Brayton cycle power generation and combined power generation with direct connection.

[0122] The embodiment of the present application is not limited to the change of the cooling medium of the blanket, and can be applied to any cooling medium, and can select two or more power generation cycle modes. Specifically, the embodiment of the present application is provided with intermediate heat exchangers, i.e. the first main heat exchanger MH401 and the second main heat exchanger MH601, which transfer heat through the heat exchanger and are not limited by the blanket cooling circulation medium. For helium, carbon dioxide and water, heat can be transferred to the power generation cycle through the heat exchanger, or heat can be directly delivered to the power generation cycle through pipeline switching, which improves the flexibility of the energy comprehensive utilization system of the fusion device.

[0123] The embodiment of the present application can comprehensively realize power generation, tritium extraction, purification, and comprehensively utilize the energy in power generation, tritium extraction and purification. Through the flexible switching power generation scheme design for different cladding cooling forms, Rankine cycle, Brayton cycle and combined cycle (Rankine + Brayton) three cycle modes can be used for power generation, which is suitable for future cladding of different temperature levels; for the cladding with low coolant temperature, Rankine cycle power generation is recommended, for the cladding with medium temperature, Brayton cycle is recommended, and for the future cladding with extremely high cladding coolant outlet temperature, combined cycle is recommended; the energy in the cladding, divertor, tritium extraction and coolant purification circuit is comprehensively utilized; through the flexible load switching design of the cladding cooling and purification system, at low load, the coolant purification process and cooling are operated in series, and at high load, the main cooling circuit and the purification process are operated in parallel; through the mutual standby of the cladding purification process and the divertor purification process, the system reliability is improved, and maintenance is facilitated; through the bypass set in the cladding, divertor and other modules, during maintenance, the divertor and the cladding module are cut off, the purification function module continues to operate, the radioactivity in the pipeline is reduced, and then the maintenance work is carried out; in the power generation scheme of the fusion device, the steam drum is directly connected with the cladding coolant circuit, in the case of loss of external power and other unexpected situations, passive heat removal can be relied on natural circulation, which has higher safety.

[0124] Correspondingly, the present application also provides a control method of the energy comprehensive utilization system based on the fusion device, which is applied to the above-mentioned energy comprehensive utilization system based on the fusion device, and the structure, working principle and working process of the energy comprehensive utilization system are not described herein. The control method of the energy comprehensive utilization system based on the fusion device improved by the embodiment of the present application comprises:

[0125] According to the thermal load of the fusion device, the operation mode of the first cooling circuit and the second cooling circuit is determined;

[0126] If the second cooling circuit is running, according to the type of the cladding cooling medium, the connection mode of the second cooling circuit and the power generation circuit is determined, which is indirect connection or direct connection; according to the cladding temperature and the type of the cladding cooling medium, the power generation mode is determined; the power generation mode includes Rankine cycle power generation, Brayton cycle power generation, combined power generation of Rankine cycle and Brayton cycle;

[0127] Based on the operation mode, the connection mode and the power generation mode, the energy comprehensive utilization system is controlled to carry out cladding tritium production, cooling and purification and power generation cycle.

[0128] Specifically, for the energy comprehensive utilization system based on the fusion device, the operation mode of the cooling and purification circuit is selected according to the heat load of the fusion device, mainly determined according to the blanket temperature, if the blanket temperature is lower than the preset temperature threshold, it is determined that the heat load of the fusion device is low, only the first cooling circuit is started to meet the demand, at this time the cooling module and the purification module are connected in series, directly using the cooling function of the purification circuit to realize the cooling of the whole circuit, if the blanket temperature is greater than the preset temperature threshold, the first cooling circuit and the second cooling circuit are started, at this time the first cooling circuit is responsible for the circuit purification, and the second cooling circuit is responsible for the main cooling work. When the second cooling circuit is running, according to the blanket of different temperature level, one of the three circulation modes of Rankine cycle, Brayton cycle and combined cycle of Rankine and Brayton is selected to generate electricity. Among them, according to the increasing of the blanket temperature level, the Rankine cycle, the Brayton cycle and the combined cycle of Rankine and Brayton are selected in turn, when the temperature is low, the Rankine cycle is selected for power generation, when the temperature is high, the combined cycle is used for power generation. In addition, the selection of the power generation mode is also related to the type of the blanket cooling working medium, when the blanket cooling working medium is liquid metal or molten salt, the power generation mode includes indirect connection Rankine cycle power generation, Brayton cycle power generation and combined power generation; when the blanket cooling working medium is water, the power generation mode includes direct connection or indirect connection Rankine cycle power generation; when the blanket cooling working medium is carbon dioxide, the power generation mode includes direct connection Brayton cycle power generation and indirect connection Rankine cycle power generation; when the blanket cooling working medium is helium, the power generation mode includes: indirect connection Rankine cycle power generation, Brayton cycle power generation and combined power generation, and direct connection Brayton cycle power generation and combined power generation.

[0129] Compared with the prior art, the application provides an energy comprehensive utilization system based on a fusion device and a control method thereof, which has the beneficial effects that: through the comprehensive design of the divertor cooling circulation circuit, the blanket tritium production circuit, the first cooling circuit, the second cooling circuit, the Brayton cycle circuit and the Rankine cycle circuit, the energy in power generation, tritium extraction and purification can be comprehensively utilized; the first cooling circuit and the second cooling circuit are used for blanket cooling and purification, when the heat load of the fusion device is less than a preset threshold, only the first cooling circuit is operated; when the heat load of the fusion device is greater than the preset threshold, the first cooling circuit and the second cooling circuit are operated in parallel, which is suitable for various blanket temperature working conditions, and improves the flexibility of the energy comprehensive utilization system; the second cooling circuit is indirectly connected or directly connected with the Brayton cycle circuit or the Rankine cycle circuit through a valve, the Brayton cycle circuit and the Rankine cycle circuit are power generation circuits, the power generation mode includes Rankine cycle power generation, Brayton cycle power generation, combined power generation of Rankine cycle and Brayton cycle, and flexible power generation mode is realized, which is beneficial to improving the energy utilization efficiency.

[0130] The above is the preferred embodiment of the present application, it should be pointed out that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principles of the present application, can also make a number of improvements and refinements, these improvements and refinements are also considered to be within the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A system for comprehensive utilization of energy based on a fusion device, characterized by comprising: The application relates to a fusion reactor system, which comprises a divertor cooling circulation loop, a blanket tritium production loop, a first cooling loop, a second cooling loop, a Brayton cycle loop and a Rankine cycle loop. The first cooling loop and the second cooling loop are used for blanket cooling and purification, the first cooling loop is used when the thermal load of the fusion device is less than a preset threshold value, and the first cooling loop and the second cooling loop are used in parallel when the thermal load of the fusion device is greater than the preset threshold value. The second cooling loop is indirectly connected or directly connected to the Brayton cycle loop or the Rankine cycle loop through a valve switch; the Brayton cycle loop and the Rankine cycle loop are power generation loops, and the power generation modes include Rankine cycle power generation, Brayton cycle power generation, combined Rankine cycle and Brayton cycle power generation. The divertor cooling circulation loop comprises a divertor, a first heat exchanger and a first system pressurizing device connected in series; the first heat exchanger is connected to the Rankine cycle loop; the first system pressurizing device is provided with a purification loop in parallel, and the purification loop is used for purifying the coolant; the first system pressurizing device is provided with a first pressure stabilizing device in parallel, and the first pressure stabilizing device comprises a first supply tank, a first pressure stabilizing tank and a plurality of safety valves. The blanket tritium production loop comprises a blanket tritium production pipeline, a second heat exchanger, a tritium extraction process module and a second system pressurizing device connected in series; the second system pressurizing device is provided with a second pressure stabilizing device in parallel, and the second pressure stabilizing device comprises a second supply tank, a second pressure stabilizing tank and a plurality of safety valves. The first cooling loop comprises a blanket cooling pipeline, a third heat exchanger, a fourth heat exchanger, a purification process module, a third system pressurizing device and a plurality of valves.

2. The integrated energy utilization system based on a fusion device according to claim 1, wherein The blanket cooling pipeline, the third heat exchanger, the purification process module and the third system pressurizing device are connected in series; the third heat exchanger and the fourth heat exchanger are connected in series or in parallel or the third heat exchanger is operated alone through valve switching. The third system pressurizing device is provided with a third pressure stabilizing device in parallel, and the third pressure stabilizing device comprises a third supply tank, a third pressure stabilizing tank and a plurality of safety valves. When the fourth heat exchanger is put into operation, the fourth heat exchanger exchanges heat with the Rankine cycle loop or the Brayton cycle loop.

3. The integrated energy utilization system based on a fusion device according to claim 2, wherein The second cooling loop comprises a blanket cooling pipeline, a main heat exchanger, a fourth system pressurizing device and a plurality of valves; the fourth system pressurizing device is provided with a fourth pressure stabilizing device in parallel, and the fourth pressure stabilizing device comprises a fourth supply tank, a fourth pressure stabilizing tank and a plurality of safety valves; the fourth system pressurizing device is a centrifugal pressurizing device.

4. The integrated energy utilization system based on a fusion device according to claim 1, wherein The main heat exchanger comprises a first main heat exchanger and a second main heat exchanger; when the second cooling loop is indirectly connected to the Brayton cycle loop, the second cooling loop and the Brayton cycle loop are connected through the first main heat exchanger; when the second cooling loop is indirectly connected to the Rankine cycle loop, the second cooling loop and the Rankine cycle loop are connected through the second main heat exchanger. ​ 5. The integrated energy utilization system based on a fusion device according to claim 1, wherein The Brayton cycle loop comprises a first main heat exchanger, a generator set, a fifth heat exchanger, a sixth heat exchanger, a compressor and a plurality of valves. When the Brayton cycle loop is indirectly connected with the second cooling loop, the working medium in the Brayton cycle loop is heated in the first main heat exchanger, enters the generator set through an isolation valve to drive the generator to generate electricity, the working medium flowing out of the generator set enters the first port of the sixth heat exchanger through a valve and flows out of the second port, then sequentially passes through the fifth heat exchanger and the compressor, enters the third port of the sixth heat exchanger, and flows out of the fourth port of the sixth heat exchanger, and finally returns to the first main heat exchanger. When the Brayton cycle loop is directly connected with the second cooling loop, the first main heat exchanger is cut off by valve control, the cladding cooling working medium in the second cooling loop directly enters the generator set through an isolation valve to drive the generator to generate electricity, the working medium flowing out of the generator set enters the first port of the sixth heat exchanger through a valve and flows out of the second port, then sequentially passes through the fifth heat exchanger and the compressor, enters the third port of the sixth heat exchanger, and flows out of the fourth port of the sixth heat exchanger, and finally returns to the cladding cooling pipeline.

6. The integrated energy utilization system based on a fusion device according to claim 1, wherein The Rankine cycle loop comprises a second main heat exchanger, a steam turbine, a condenser, a deaerator, a seventh heat exchanger, an eighth heat exchanger, a fifth system booster, a steam-water separator and a plurality of valves. When the Rankine cycle loop is indirectly connected with the second cooling loop, the working medium in the Rankine cycle loop enters the steam turbine through an isolation valve to drive the generator to generate electricity, the working medium flowing out of the steam turbine enters the condenser, the deaerator and the seventh heat exchanger, then is pressurized by the fifth system booster and enters the eighth heat exchanger, and finally returns to the second main heat exchanger. When the Rankine cycle loop is directly connected with the second cooling loop, the second main heat exchanger is cut off by valve control, the cladding cooling working medium in the second cooling loop directly enters the steam-water separator, then enters the steam turbine through an isolation valve to drive the generator to generate electricity, the working medium flowing out of the steam turbine enters the condenser, the deaerator and the seventh heat exchanger, then is pressurized by the fifth system booster and enters the eighth heat exchanger, and finally returns to the cladding cooling pipeline.

7. The integrated energy utilization system based on a fusion device according to claim 1, wherein The divertor in the divertor cooling cycle loop, the tritium breeding pipeline in the blanket tritium breeding loop, and the cladding cooling pipeline in the first cooling loop are all provided with bypass valves for cutting off the corresponding equipment before system maintenance. The generator set in the Brayton cycle loop and the steam turbine in the Rankine cycle loop are both provided with bypass valves for adjusting the flow of working medium entering the generator set and the steam turbine.

8. A control method of an energy comprehensive utilization system based on a fusion device, characterized by, The control method is applied to the energy comprehensive utilization system based on the fusion device according to any one of claims 1-7, and the control method comprises: determining the operation mode of the first cooling loop and the second cooling loop according to the heat load of the fusion device; If the second cooling circuit is running, according to the category of the blanket cooling working medium, the connection mode of the second cooling circuit and the power generation circuit is determined, the connection mode is indirect connection or direct connection; according to the blanket temperature and the category of the blanket cooling working medium, the power generation mode is determined; the power generation mode includes Rankine cycle power generation, Brayton cycle power generation, combined power generation of Rankine cycle and Brayton cycle; Based on the operation mode, the connection mode and the power generation mode, the energy comprehensive utilization system is controlled to carry out blanket tritium production, cooling purification and power generation cycle.

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