Light emitting device, and electronic apparatus and electronic instrument

Abstract

Embodiments provide a light emitting device, an electronic device including the light emitting device, and an electronic equipment including the light emitting device. The light emitting device includes a first electrode, a second electrode facing the first electrode, and an interlayer between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the interlayer includes an emission layer and a hole transport region between the first electrode and the emission layer. The emission layer comprises a first body, a second body, a first dopant and a second dopant; the first host is a hole transport compound; the second host is an electron transport compound; the first dopant is a phosphorescent compound; the second dopant is a fluorescent compound or a delayed fluorescent compound; the hole transport region includes an electron blocking layer adjacent to the emission layer; the electron blocking layer includes a compound having a minimum excitation triplet energy (T1) of less than 2.0 eV, and the compound included in the electron blocking layer includes an anthracene-naphthalene moiety and deuterium.

Description

[0001] Cross-reference to related applications

[0002] This application claims priority and benefit to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2024-0058125, filed on April 30, 2024, with the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] The embodiments relate to light-emitting devices, electronic devices including light-emitting devices, and electronic equipment including light-emitting devices. Background Technology

[0004] Light-emitting devices (e.g., organic light-emitting devices) are self-emitting devices that have wide viewing angles, high contrast, short response times, and excellent characteristics in terms of brightness, driving voltage, and response speed.

[0005] In a light-emitting device, a first electrode may be disposed on a substrate, and a hole transport region, an emitter layer, an electron transport region, and a second electrode may be sequentially disposed on the first electrode. Holes supplied from the first electrode move toward the emitter layer through the hole transport region, and electrons supplied from the second electrode move toward the emitter layer through the electron transport region. Charge carriers (such as holes and electrons) recombine in the emitter layer to generate excitons. Excitons transition from an excited state to the ground state, thereby generating light.

[0006] It should be understood that this background section is intended in part to provide useful background for understanding the art. However, this background section may also include ideas, concepts, or knowledge that were not part of what a person skilled in the art knew or understood prior to the corresponding valid application date of the subject matter disclosed herein. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The implementation includes: a light-emitting device having low driving voltage, high luminous efficiency and long lifespan, an electronic device including the light-emitting device, and electronic equipment including the light-emitting device.

[0008] Other aspects will be set forth in part in the description which follows and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practice of embodiments of this disclosure.

[0009] According to an embodiment, the light-emitting device may include

[0010] First electrode,

[0011] The second electrode facing the first electrode, and

[0012] In the interlayer between the first electrode and the second electrode,

[0013] The interlayer may include an emitter layer and a hole transport region between the first electrode and the emitter layer.

[0014] The emitter layer may include a first body, a second body, a first dopant, and a second dopant.

[0015] The first entity can be a hole transport compound.

[0016] The second component can be an electron transport compound.

[0017] The first dopant can be a phosphorescent compound.

[0018] The second dopant can be a fluorescent compound or a delayed fluorescence compound.

[0019] The hole transport region may include an electron blocking layer adjacent to the emitter layer.

[0020] The electron blocking layer may include compounds having a minimum excited triplet energy (T1) of less than 2.0 eV, and

[0021] The compounds included in the electron blocking layer may include anthracene-naphthalene moiety and deuterium.

[0022] In an embodiment, the compound included in the electron blocking layer may be represented by Formula 100, which is explained below.

[0023] In an embodiment, the compound represented by formula 100 may be a compound represented by one of formulas 100A to 100C, as explained below.

[0024] In the implementation, in formulas 100A to 100C, R 111 To R 113 Each can be independently classified as deuterium.

[0025] In an embodiment, the compound represented by formula 100 may be one of compounds 1 to 5, as explained below.

[0026] In some embodiments, the hole transport compound may not include an electron transport portion, and the electron transport compound may include at least one electron transport portion.

[0027] In this embodiment, the first host and the second host can form an excited-state complex.

[0028] In an embodiment, the first dopant may be an organometallic compound containing a transition metal.

[0029] In an embodiment, the first dopant may be an organometallic compound comprising platinum and a tetradentate ligand.

[0030] In an embodiment, the first dopant may be a sensitizer or a phosphorescent compound.

[0031] In an embodiment, the second dopant may be a delayed fluorescence compound in which the electron donor group and the electron acceptor group are bonded to each other.

[0032] In this embodiment, the second dopant may be a boron-based delayed fluorescence compound.

[0033] In an embodiment, the first electrode may be an anode, and the second electrode may be a cathode.

[0034] In an implementation, the hole transport region may further include a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a transmission assistance layer, or any combination thereof.

[0035] In an embodiment, the interlayer may further include an electron transport region between the emitter layer and the second electrode.

[0036] In an implementation, the electron transport region may include a buffer layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, or any combination thereof.

[0037] According to an embodiment, the electronic device may include a light-emitting device.

[0038] In an embodiment, the electronic device may further include a thin-film transistor, wherein the thin-film transistor may include a source electrode and a drain electrode, and a first electrode of the light-emitting device may be electrically connected to the source electrode or the drain electrode.

[0039] In an embodiment, the electronic device may further include a color filter, a color conversion layer, a touch screen layer, a polarizing layer, or any combination thereof.

[0040] According to the embodiments, the electronic device may include a light-emitting device, wherein the electronic device may be a flat panel display, a curved display, a computer monitor, a medical monitor, a television, a billboard, an indoor light, an outdoor light, a signal light, a head-up display, a fully transparent display, a partially transparent display, a flexible display, a rollable display, a foldable display, a retractable display, a laser printer, a telephone, a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a tablet PC, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wearable device, a laptop computer, a digital camera, a camcorder, a viewfinder, a microdisplay, a three-dimensional (3D) display, a virtual reality display, an augmented reality display, a vehicle, a video wall comprising multiple displays spliced ​​together, a theater screen, a stadium screen, a light therapy device, or a sign.

[0041] It should be understood that the above embodiments are described in a general and explanatory sense only and not for limiting purposes, and this disclosure is not limited to the above embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0042] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate embodiments of the present disclosure and their principles. The above and other aspects and features of this disclosure will become more apparent from the detailed description of embodiments thereof with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0043] Figure 1 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the light-emitting device according to an embodiment;

[0044] Figure 2 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of an electronic device according to an embodiment;

[0045] Figure 3 A schematic cross-sectional view of an electronic device according to another embodiment;

[0046] Figure 4 This is a schematic perspective view of an electronic device according to an embodiment;

[0047] Figure 5 This is a schematic perspective view of the exterior of a vehicle as an electronic device according to an embodiment; and

[0048] Figures 6A to 6C Each is a schematic diagram of the interior of a vehicle according to an embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0049] The present disclosure will now be described more fully below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which embodiments are illustrated. However, the present disclosure may be implemented in various forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that the present disclosure will be thorough and complete and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0050] In the accompanying drawings, the size, scale, and dimensions (e.g., thickness) of the elements may be enlarged for ease of description and clarity. The same reference numerals and reference characters refer to the same elements throughout.

[0051] In this specification, it will be understood that when an element (or section, layer, part, etc.) is described as being "on," "connected to," or "attached to" another element (or section, layer, part, etc.), it may be directly on, directly connected to, or directly attached to the other element (or section, layer, part, etc.), or one or more intermediary elements may exist between them. In a similar sense, when an element (or section, layer, part, etc.) is described as "covering" another element (or section, layer, part, etc.), it may directly cover the other element (or section, layer, part, etc.), or one or more intermediary elements may exist between them.

[0052] In the specification, when an element is "directly on" another element, "directly connected to" another element, or "directly attached to" another element, there is no intermediary element. For example, "directly on" can mean that two layers or two elements are disposed there are no other elements (such as adhesive elements) between them.

[0053] In the specification, expressions used in the singular form, such as “a”, “an”, and “the”, are intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0054] In this specification, the term "and / or" includes any and all combinations of one or more related listed items. For example, "A and / or B" can be understood to mean "A, B, or A and B". The terms "and" and "or" can be used in a connecting or separating sense and can be understood as equivalent to "and / or".

[0055] In the specification and claims, the term "at least one of..." is intended to include the meaning of "at least one selected from the group consisting of..." for the purposes of its meaning and interpretation. For example, "at least one of A, B, and C" can be understood to mean only A, only B, only C, or any combination of two or more of A, B, and C, such as ABC, ACC, BC, or CC. When following a list of elements, the term "at least one of..." modifies the entire list of elements and does not modify any individual element in the list.

[0056] It will be understood that although the terms first, second, etc., may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are used only to distinguish one element from another. Therefore, without departing from the teachings of this disclosure, a first element may be referred to as a second element. Similarly, without departing from the scope of this disclosure, a second element may be referred to as a first element.

[0057] For ease of description, spatial relative terms such as “below,” “under,” “down,” “above,” or “above” may be used herein to describe the relationship between one element or component and another, as illustrated in the accompanying drawings. It will be understood that spatial relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the apparatus in use or operation, other than those depicted in the drawings. For example, in the case of flipping the apparatus illustrated in the drawings, the apparatus located “below” or “under” another apparatus may be placed “above” the other apparatus. Accordingly, the interpretative term “below” may include both a lower position and an upper position. The apparatus may also be oriented in other directions, and therefore the spatial relative terms may be interpreted differently depending on the orientation.

[0058] As used herein, the terms “about” or “approximately” include stated values ​​and mean within an acceptable range of deviations from the stated values, determined by a person skilled in the art considering the measurement in question and the errors associated with the measurement of the stated quantity (i.e., limitations of the measurement system). For example, “about” may mean within one or more standard deviations of the stated value, or within ±20%, ±10%, or ±5% of the stated value.

[0059] It should be understood that the terms “comprises,” “comprising,” “include,” “including,” “have,” “having,” “contains,” and “containing” are intended to indicate the presence of the described features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, or combinations thereof in this disclosure, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, or combinations thereof.

[0060] Unless otherwise specified or implied herein, all terms used (including technical and scientific terms) shall have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, shall be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant field and shall not be interpreted in an ideal or overly formal sense unless clearly defined in the specification.

[0061] According to an embodiment, the light-emitting device may include: a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; and an interlayer between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the interlayer may include an emitting layer and a hole transport region between the first electrode and the emitting layer.

[0062] The emitter layer may include a first body, a second body, a first dopant, and a second dopant.

[0063] The first host may be a hole transport compound, and the second host may be an electron transport compound. In embodiments, the hole transport compound may not include an electron transport portion, and the electron transport compound may include at least one electron transport portion. In embodiments, the first host and the second host may form an excited-state complex.

[0064] In this embodiment, the first dopant may be an organometallic compound containing a transition metal. In this embodiment, the first dopant may be a sensitizer or a phosphorescent compound. The second dopant may be a fluorescent compound or a delayed fluorescence compound. In this embodiment, the second dopant may be a delayed fluorescence compound in which electron donor groups and electron acceptor groups are bonded to each other. The second dopant may be a boron-based compound. For example, the second dopant may be a boron-based delayed fluorescence compound.

[0065] The hole transport region may include an electron blocking layer adjacent to the emitter layer. For example, the electron blocking layer may be directly adjacent to the emitter layer. The electron blocking layer may include a compound having a minimum excited triplet energy (T1) lower than that of the first host of the emitter layer or the minimum excited triplet energy (T1) of the second dopant of the emitter layer. In an embodiment, the minimum excited triplet energy (T1) of the compound included in the electron blocking layer may be less than about 2.0 eV. The compound included in the electron blocking layer may include an anthracene-naphthalene moiety and may be a compound in which at least some hydrogen atoms are substituted with deuterium. For example, in the compound included in the electron blocking layer, all hydrogen atoms may be substituted with deuterium.

[0066] When energy is transferred from the host or excited-state complex in the emitting layer to the delayed-fluorescence compound via a sensitizer, light can be emitted using a superfluorescent luminescent device. The sensitizer can be an organometallic compound capable of emitting phosphorescence, and the lowest excitation triplet energy of the sensitizer can be transferred to the lowest excitation triplet state of the delayed-fluorescence compound. In the delayed-fluorescence compound, delayed fluorescence can be emitted when the lowest excitation triplet energy is transferred to the lowest excitation singlet state. Therefore, the lowest excitation triplet energies of the host, sensitizer, and delayed-fluorescence compound can generally have high values ​​equal to or greater than about 2.5 eV, and these materials can degrade due to the energies in the lowest excitation triplet state that do not participate in luminescence.

[0067] The light-emitting device according to the embodiment may include an electron blocking layer adjacent to the emitting layer and comprising a compound having a low minimum excitation triplet energy. Therefore, the energy in the minimum excitation triplet energy of the material included in the emitting layer that does not participate in light emission can be absorbed by the electron blocking layer. By absorbing and thus removing additional minimum excitation triplet energy from the emitting layer as described above, degradation of the emitting layer can be prevented.

[0068] In one embodiment, the first electrode may be an anode, and the second electrode may be a cathode. In another embodiment, the interlayer may further include an electron transport region between the emitter layer and the second electrode. In yet another embodiment, the hole transport region may further include a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an emitter assist layer, or any combination thereof. In yet another embodiment, the electron transport region may include a hole blocking layer, a buffer layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, or any combination thereof.

[0069] In the specification, the term "interlayer" may refer to a single layer and / or multiple layers between the first electrode and the second electrode of the light-emitting device.

[0070] According to an embodiment, the electronic device may include a light-emitting device. The electronic device may further include a thin-film transistor. For example, the electronic device may further include a thin-film transistor comprising a source electrode and a drain electrode, and a first electrode of the light-emitting device may be electrically connected to the source electrode or the drain electrode. In an embodiment, the electronic device may further include a color filter, a color conversion layer, a touchscreen layer, a polarizing layer, or any combination thereof. Further details regarding the electronic device are the same as described herein.

[0071] According to an embodiment, the electronic device may include a light-emitting device.

[0072] In implementation, the electronic device may be a flat panel display, curved display, computer monitor, medical monitor, television, billboard, indoor light, outdoor light, signal light, head-up display, fully transparent display, partially transparent display, flexible display, rollable display, foldable display, retractable display, laser printer, telephone, mobile phone, tablet computer, tablet PC, personal digital assistant (PDA), wearable device, laptop computer, digital camera, camcorder, viewfinder, microdisplay, three-dimensional (3D) display, virtual reality display, augmented reality display, vehicle, video wall including multiple displays spliced ​​together, theater screen, stadium screen, light therapy device, or sign.

[0073] [Formula Description]

[0074] In an embodiment, the compound included in the electron blocking layer may be represented by formula 100:

[0075] [Formula 100]

[0076]

[0077] In Equation 100,

[0078] R 111 To R 113 Each can be independently deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, unsubstituted, or substituted with at least one R. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Alkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C2-C 60 alkenyl, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C2-C 60 Alkyne group, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Alkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 10 Cycloalkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R10a Replacement C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C6-C 60 aryl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C6-C 60 aryloxy group, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C6-C 60 Aryl thiols, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 heteroaryl, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Substituted monovalent nonaromatic fused polycyclic groups, unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted monovalent non-aromatic fused heterocyclic groups, -Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), -N(Q1)(Q2), -B(Q1)(Q2), -C(=O)(Q1), -S(=O)2(Q1) or -P(=O)(Q1)(Q2).

[0079] a111 and a112 can each be an integer selected from 0 to 7 independently.

[0080] a113 can be an integer selected from 0 to 8, and

[0081] At least one of a111 to a113 may be non-zero, where R corresponds to at least one of a111 to a113 that is not zero. 111 To R 113 At least one of them can be deuterium.

[0082] b111 and b112 can each be an integer selected from 0 and 1 independently.

[0083] R 10a Possible forms:

[0084] Deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano or nitro;

[0085] Each of the following C1-C that is not substituted or is substituted: 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 Alkyne group or C1-C 60 Alkoxy groups: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, C3-C 60 carbonyl group, C1-C60 Heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C7-C 60 Aryl alkyl, C2-C 60 Heteroaryl, -Si(Q) 11 (Q) 12 (Q) 13 -N(Q) 11 (Q) 12 -B(Q) 11 (Q) 12 -C(=O)(Q) 11 -S(=O)2(Q) 11 -P(=O)(Q) 11 (Q) 12 ) or any combination thereof;

[0086] Each of the following C3-Cs that are not substituted or are substituted: 60 carbonyl group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C7-C 60 Aryl or C2-C 60 Heteroalkyl groups: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, C1-C 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 alkynyl group, C1-C 60 Alkoxy, C3-C 60 carbonyl group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C7-C 60 Aryl alkyl, C2-C 60 Heteroaryl, -Si(Q) 21 (Q) 22 (Q) 23 -N(Q) 21 (Q) 22 -B(Q) 21 (Q) 22 -C(=O)(Q) 21 -S(=O)2(Q) 21 -P(=O)(Q) 21 (Q) 22 ) or any combination thereof; or

[0087] -Si(Q 31 (Q) 32 (Q)33 -N(Q) 31 (Q) 32 -B(Q) 31 (Q) 32 -C(=O)(Q) 31 -S(=O)2(Q) 31 ) or -P(=O)(Q 31 (Q) 32 ),and

[0088] Q1 to Q3, Q 11 To Q 13 Q 21 To Q 23 and Q 31 To Q 33 Each can be independently: hydrogen; deuterium; -F; -Cl; -Br; -I; hydroxyl; cyano; nitro; or each unsubstituted or replaced by deuterium, -F, cyano, C1-C. 60 Alkyl, C1-C 60 C1-C substituted with alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl or any combination thereof 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 alkynyl group, C1-C 60 Alkoxy, C3-C 60 Carbocyclic or C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group.

[0089] In an embodiment, the compound represented by formula 100 may be a compound represented by one of formulas 100A to 100C:

[0090] [Formula 100A]

[0091]

[0092] [Formula 100B]

[0093]

[0094] [Formula 100C]

[0095]

[0096] In Equations 100A to 100C,

[0097] R 111 To R 113 Each can be independently deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, unsubstituted, or substituted with at least one R. 10a Replacement C1-C 10 Alkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R10a Replacement C3-C 10 Cycloalkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C6-C 20 aryl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 20 heteroaryl, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Substituted monovalent nonaromatic fused polycyclic groups or unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted monovalent non-aromatic fused heterocyclic groups,

[0098] R 10a It may be the same as that described in this article, and

[0099] a111, a112, a113, b111, and b112 may each be the same as those described herein.

[0100] In the implementation, in formulas 100A to 100C, R 10a Possible forms:

[0101] Deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano or nitro;

[0102] Unsubstituted or substituted C1-C 10 Alkyl groups: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, or any combination thereof; or

[0103] Each of the following C3-Cs that are not substituted or are substituted: 20 Carbocyclic or C1-C 20 Heterocyclic groups: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, C1-C 10 Alkyl groups or any combination thereof.

[0104] In the implementation, in formulas 100A to 100C, R 111 To R 113 Each can be independently classified as deuterium.

[0105] In an embodiment, the compound represented by formula 100 may be one of compounds 1 to 5:

[0106]

[0107] [ Figure 1 [Description]

[0108] Figure 1This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the light-emitting device 10 according to an embodiment. The light-emitting device 10 may include a first electrode 110, a sandwich layer 130, and a second electrode 150.

[0109] The following text will refer to Figure 1 The structure of the light-emitting device 10 according to the embodiment and the method of manufacturing the light-emitting device 10 are described.

[0110] [First Electrode 110]

[0111] exist Figure 1 The substrate may be further included below the first electrode 110 or on the second electrode 150. The substrate may be a glass substrate or a plastic substrate. In embodiments, the substrate may be a flexible substrate and may include plastics with excellent heat resistance and durability, such as polyimide, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polycarbonate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyarylate (PAR), polyetherimide, or any combination thereof.

[0112] The first electrode 110 can be formed, for example, by depositing or sputtering a material for forming the first electrode 110 on a substrate. When the first electrode 110 is an anode, the material for forming the first electrode 110 can be a high work function material that facilitates hole injection.

[0113] The first electrode 110 may be a reflective electrode, a transmissive-reflective electrode, or a transmissive electrode. When the first electrode 110 is a transmissive electrode, the material used to form the first electrode 110 may include indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), tin oxide (SnO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), or any combination thereof. In embodiments, when the first electrode 110 is a transmissive-reflective electrode or a reflective electrode, the material used to form the first electrode 110 may include magnesium (Mg), silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al-Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg-In), magnesium-silver (Mg-Ag), or any combination thereof.

[0114] The first electrode 110 may have a single-layer structure consisting of a single layer or a multi-layer structure including multiple layers. For example, the first electrode 110 may have a three-layer structure of ITO / Ag / ITO.

[0115] [Mezzanine 130]

[0116] The interlayer 130 may be disposed on the first electrode 110. The interlayer 130 may include an emitter layer.

[0117] The interlayer 130 may further include a hole transport region between the first electrode 110 and the emitter layer, and an electron transport region between the emitter layer and the second electrode 150.

[0118] In addition to various organic materials, the interlayer 130 may further include metal-containing compounds (such as organometallic compounds) and inorganic materials (such as quantum dots).

[0119] In an embodiment, the interlayer 130 may include two or more light-emitting units stacked between the first electrode 110 and the second electrode 150, and at least one charge-generating layer between adjacent light-emitting units in the two or more light-emitting units. When the interlayer 130 includes two or more light-emitting units and at least one charge-generating layer, the light-emitting device 10 may be a series-connected light-emitting device.

[0120] [Hole transport region in interlayer 130]

[0121] Hole transport regions may have: a single-layer structure consisting of a single layer (composed of a single material), a single-layer structure consisting of a single layer containing different materials, or a multi-layer structure including multiple layers containing different materials.

[0122] The hole transport region may include a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an emission assist layer, an electron blocking layer, or any combination thereof.

[0123] In embodiments, the hole transport region may have a hole injection layer / hole transport layer / electron blocking layer structure, a hole injection layer / hole transport layer / electron blocking layer structure, a hole injection layer / electron blocking layer / electron blocking layer structure, or a hole transport layer / electron blocking layer / electron blocking layer structure, wherein the layers of each structure may be stacked from the first electrode 110 in the order described herein, but the structure of the hole transport region is not limited thereto. In embodiments, the hole injection layer, hole transport layer, emission assist layer, or electron blocking layer may each independently comprise a single layer or multiple layers.

[0124] In an implementation, the hole transport region may include a compound represented by Formula 201, a compound represented by Formula 202, or any combination thereof:

[0125] [Formula 201]

[0126]

[0127] [Formula 202]

[0128]

[0129] In equations 201 and 202,

[0130] L 201 To L 204 Each can be independently unsubstituted or by at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group.10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group,

[0131] L 205 It can be *-O-*', *-S-*', or *-N(Q) 201 )-*', unsubstituted or by at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 20 Alkylene, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C2-C 20 alkenyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group,

[0132] xa1 to xa4 can each be an integer selected from 0 to 5 independently.

[0133] xa5 can be an integer selected from 1 to 10.

[0134] R 201 To R 204 and Q 201 Each can be independently unsubstituted or by at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group,

[0135] R 201 and R 202 Optionally via a single bond, unsubstituted, or by at least one R 10a Substituted C1-C5 alkylene groups or unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a The substituted C2-C5 alkenyl groups are linked together to form an unsubstituted or substituted compound with at least one R group. 10a Replacement C8-C 60 Polycyclic groups (e.g., carbazole group, etc.) (e.g., compound HT16, etc.),

[0136] R 203 and R 204 Optionally via a single bond, unsubstituted, or by at least one R 10a Substituted C1-C5 alkylene groups or unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a The substituted C2-C5 alkenyl groups are linked together to form an unsubstituted or substituted compound with at least one R group. 10a Replacement C8-C 60 Polycyclic groups, and

[0137] na1 can be an integer selected from 1 to 4.

[0138] In embodiments, the compound represented by formula 201 and the compound represented by formula 202 may each independently include at least one of the groups represented by formulas CY201 to CY217:

[0139]

[0140] In equations CY201 to CY217, R 10b and R 10c Each can be independently compared with reference R. 10a The descriptions are the same, CY ring 201 To CY 204 Each can be independently C3-C 20 Carbocyclic or C1-C 20 Heterocyclic group, and at least one hydrogen in formulas CY201 to CY217 may be unsubstituted or R-substituted. 10a replace.

[0141] In the implementation, the ring CY in formulas CY201 to CY217 201 To CY 204 Each can be independently phenyl, naphthyl, phenanthryl or anthracene.

[0142] In embodiments, the compound represented by formula 201 and the compound represented by formula 202 may each independently include at least one of the groups represented by formulas CY201 to CY203.

[0143] In an embodiment, the compound represented by formula 201 may include at least one of the groups represented by formulas CY201 to CY203 and at least one of the groups represented by formulas CY204 to CY217.

[0144] In the implementation, in formula 201, xa1 can be 1, R 201 It can be a group represented by one of the formulas CY201 to CY203, xa2 can be 0, and R 202 It can be a group represented by one of the formulas CY204 to CY207.

[0145] In an embodiment, the compound represented by formula 201 and the compound represented by formula 202 may each not include the groups represented by formulas CY201 to CY203.

[0146] In an embodiment, the compound represented by formula 201 and the compound represented by formula 202 may each not include the groups represented by formulas CY201 to CY203, and may each independently include at least one of the groups represented by formulas CY204 to CY217.

[0147] In embodiments, the compounds represented by formula 201 and the compounds represented by formula 202 may each not include the groups represented by formulas CY201 to CY217.

[0148] In embodiments, the hole transport region may include: one of compounds HT1 to HT46; m-MTDATA; TDATA; 2-TNATA; NPB (NPD); β-NPB; TPD; spiroTPD; spiroNPB; methylated NPB; TAPC; HMTPD; 4,4',4”-tris(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine (TCTA); polyaniline / dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (PANI / DBSA); poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) / poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT / PSS); polyaniline / camphorsulfonic acid (PANI / CSA); polyaniline / poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PANI / PSS); or any combination thereof:

[0149]

[0150]

[0151]

[0152]

[0153]

[0154] The thickness of the hole transport region can be approximately to approximately Within a certain range. For example, the thickness of the hole transport region can be approximately... to approximately Within the range. When the hole transport region includes a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, or any combination thereof, the thickness of the hole injection layer can be approximately... to approximately Within a certain range, and the thickness of the hole transport layer can be approximately... to approximately Within a certain range. For example, the thickness of the hole injection layer can be approximately... to approximately Within a certain range. For example, the thickness of the hole transport layer can be approximately... to approximately Within the above range, when the thicknesses of the hole transport region, hole injection layer, and hole transport layer are within the above range, satisfactory hole transport characteristics can be obtained without significantly increasing the driving voltage.

[0155] The emission assist layer can increase luminous efficiency by compensating for the optical resonant distance according to the wavelength of the light emitted by the emission layer, and the electron blocking layer can block electron leakage from the emission layer to the hole transport region. Materials that may be included in the hole transport region may be included in both the emission assist layer and the electron blocking layer.

[0156] [p-dopant]

[0157] In addition to the materials described above, the hole transport region may further include a charge-generating material for improving conductivity. The charge-generating material may be uniformly or non-uniformly dispersed in the hole transport region (e.g., in the form of a single layer composed of the charge-generating material).

[0158] The charge-generating material can be, for example, a p-doped agent.

[0159] In an implementation, the p-dopant may have a lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level equal to or less than about -3.5 eV.

[0160] In embodiments, p-dopersive agents may include quinone derivatives, cyano-containing compounds, compounds comprising elements EL1 and EL2, or any combination thereof.

[0161] Examples of quinone derivatives may include TCNQ and F4-TCNQ.

[0162] Examples of cyano-containing compounds may include HAT-CN and compounds represented by formula 221, etc.

[0163]

[0164] [Equation 221]

[0165]

[0166] In Equation 221,

[0167] R 221 To R 223 Each can be independently unsubstituted or by at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups, and

[0168] R 221 To R 223At least one of them can be independently replaced by C3-C respectively. 60 Carbocyclic or C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups: cyano; -F; -Cl; -Br; -I; C1-C substituted with cyano, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I or any combination thereof 20 Alkyl groups; or any combination thereof.

[0169] In a compound comprising elements EL1 and EL2, element EL1 may be a metal, a metalloid, or any combination thereof, and element EL2 may be a nonmetal, a metalloid, or any combination thereof.

[0170] Examples of metals may include: alkali metals (e.g., lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), cesium (Cs), etc.); alkaline earth metals (e.g., beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), etc.); transition metals (e.g., titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), vanadium (V), niobium (Nb), tantalum (Ta), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), manganese (Mn), technetium (Tc), rhenium (Re), iron (Fe), ruthenium (Ru), osmium (Os), cobalt (… Metals such as Co, rhodium (Rh), iridium (Ir), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), copper (Cu), silver (Ag), and gold (Au); later transition metals such as zinc (Zn), indium (In), and tin (Sn); and lanthanides such as lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr), neodymium (Nd), promethium (Pm), samarium (Sm), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), terbium (Tb), dysprosium (Dy), holmium (Ho), erbium (Er), thulium (Tm), ytterbium (Yb), and lutetium (Lu).

[0171] Examples of metalloids may include silicon (Si), antimony (Sb), and tellurium (Te).

[0172] Examples of nonmetals may include oxygen (O) and halogens (e.g., F, Cl, Br, I, etc.).

[0173] Examples of compounds including elements EL1 and EL2 may include metal oxides, metal halides (e.g., metal fluorides, metal chlorides, metal bromides, metal iodides, etc.), quasi-metal halides (e.g., quasi-metal fluorides, quasi-metal chlorides, quasi-metal bromides, quasi-metal iodides, etc.), metal tellurides, or any combination thereof.

[0174] Examples of metal oxides may include tungsten oxides (e.g., WO, W2O3, WO2, WO3, W2O5, etc.), vanadium oxides (e.g., VO, V2O3, VO2, V2O5, etc.), molybdenum oxides (e.g., MoO, Mo2O3, MoO2, MoO3, Mo2O5, etc.) and rhenium oxides (e.g., ReO3, etc.).

[0175] Examples of metal halides may include alkali metal halides, alkaline earth metal halides, transition metal halides, post-transition metal halides, and lanthanide metal halides.

[0176] Examples of alkali metal halides may include LiF, NaF, KF, RbF, CsF, LiCl, NaCl, KCl, RbCl, CsCl, LiBr, NaBr, KBr, RbBr, CsBr, LiI, NaI, KI, RbI, and CsI, etc.

[0177] Examples of alkaline earth metal halides may include BeF2, MgF2, CaF2, SrF2, BaF2, BeCl2, MgCl2, CaCl2, SrCl2, BaCl2, BeBr2, MgBr2, CaBr2, SrBr2, BaBr2, BeI2, MgI2, CaI2, SrI2, and BaI2, etc.

[0178] Examples of transition metal halides may include titanium halides (e.g., TiF4, TiCl4, TiBr4, TiI4, etc.), zirconium halides (e.g., ZrF4, ZrCl4, ZrBr4, ZrI4, etc.), hafnium halides (e.g., HfF4, HfCl4, HfBr4, HfI4, etc.), vanadium halides (e.g., VF3, VCl3, VBr3, VI3, etc.), niobium halides (e.g., NbF3, NbCl3, NbBr3, NbI3, etc.), and tantalum halides (e.g., TaF3, TaCl3, TaB). r3, TaI3, etc.), chromium halides (e.g., CrF3, CrCl3, CrBr3, CrI3, etc.), molybdenum halides (e.g., MoF3, MoCl3, MoBr3, MoI3, etc.), tungsten halides (e.g., WF3, WCl3, WBr3, WI3, etc.), manganese halides (e.g., MnF2, MnCl2, MnBr2, MnI2, etc.), technetium halides (e.g., TcF2, TcCl2, TcBr2, TcI2, etc.), rhenium halides (e.g., ReF2, ReCl2, ReBr2, etc.). Ferrous halides (e.g., FeF2, FeCl2, FeBr2, FeI2), ruthenium halides (e.g., RuF2, RuCl2, RuBr2, RuI2), osmium halides (e.g., OsF2, OsCl2, OsBr2, OsI2), cobalt halides (e.g., CoF2, CoCl2, CoBr2, CoI2), rhodium halides (e.g., RhF2, RhCl2, RhBr2, RhI2), iridium halides (e.g., IrF2, IrCl2, IrBr2). 2. IrI2, etc.), nickel halides (e.g., NiF2, NiCl2, NiBr2, NiI2, etc.), palladium halides (e.g., PdF2, PdCl2, PdBr2, PdI2, etc.), platinum halides (e.g., PtF2, PtCl2, PtBr2, PtI2, etc.), cuprous halides (e.g., CuF, CuCl, CuBr, CuI, etc.), silver halides (e.g., AgF, AgCl, AgBr, AgI, etc.), and gold halides (e.g., AuF, AuCl, AuBr, AuI, etc.).

[0179] Examples of post-transition metal halides may include zinc halides (e.g., ZnF2, ZnCl2, ZnBr2, ZnI2, etc.), indium halides (e.g., InI3, etc.), and tin halides (e.g., SnI2, etc.).

[0180] Examples of lanthanide metal halides may include YbF, YbF2, YbF3, SmF3, YbCl, YbCl2, YbCl3, SmCl3, YbBr, YbBr2, YbBr3, SmBr3, YbI, YbI2, YbI3, and SmI3, etc.

[0181] Examples of quasi-metal halides may include antimony halides (e.g., SbCl5, etc.).

[0182] Examples of metal tellurides may include alkali metal tellurides (e.g., Li₂Te, Na₂Te, K₂Te, Rb₂Te, Cs₂Te, etc.), alkaline earth metal tellurides (e.g., BeTe, MgTe, CaTe, SrTe, BaTe, etc.), and transition metal tellurides (e.g., TiTe₂, ZrTe₂, HfTe₂, V₂Te₃, Nb₂Te₃, Ta₂Te₃, Cr₂Te₃, Mo₂Te₃, W₂Te₃, MnTe, TcTe, ReTe, Fe₂Te). Te, RuTe, OsTe, CoTe, RhTe, IrTe, NiTe, PdTe, PtTe, Cu2Te, CuTe, Ag2Te, AgTe, Au2Te, etc.), post-transition metal tellurides (e.g., ZnTe, etc.) and lanthanide metal tellurides (e.g., LaTe, CeTe, PrTe, NdTe, PmTe, EuTe, GdTe, TbTe, DyTe, HoTe, ErTe, TmTe, YbTe, LuTe, etc.).

[0183] [Emitting layer in interlayer 130]

[0184] When the light-emitting device 10 is a full-color light-emitting device, the emitting layer can be patterned as a red emitting layer, a green emitting layer, and / or a blue emitting layer according to the sub-pixels. In an embodiment, the emitting layer may have a stacked structure of two or more layers selected from red, green, and blue emitting layers, wherein the two or more layers may be in contact with each other or may be separated from each other to emit white light. In an embodiment, the emitting layer may include two or more materials selected from red, green, and blue emitting materials, wherein the two or more materials may be mixed with each other in a single layer to emit white light.

[0185] The emitter layer may include a host and a dopant.

[0186] The main body may include hole transport compounds and electron transport compounds.

[0187] Dopants may include phosphorescent compounds, fluorescent compounds, or any combination thereof.

[0188] Based on 100 parts by weight of the host, the amount of dopant in the emitter layer can range from about 0.01 parts by weight to about 15 parts by weight.

[0189] In some implementations, the emission layer may include quantum dots.

[0190] In one embodiment, the emission layer may include a delayed fluorescence material. The delayed fluorescence material may be used as a host or as a dopant in the emission layer.

[0191] The thickness of the emission layer can be approximately to approximately Within a certain range. For example, the thickness of the emission layer can be approximately... to approximately Within the range mentioned above, excellent light-emitting properties can be obtained without significantly increasing the driving voltage when the thickness of the emitting layer is within any of these ranges.

[0192] [main body]

[0193] In this embodiment, the main body may include a hole transport compound and an electron transport compound. The hole transport compound may be a compound that includes a hole transport portion. The electron transport compound may not only be a compound that includes an electron transport portion, but may also be a compound with bipolar properties.

[0194] In this specification, the terms "hole transport compound" and "electron transport compound" can each be understood based on the relative difference between the hole mobility in a hole transport compound and the electron mobility in an electron transport compound. For example, even when the electron transport compound does not include an electron transport component, a bipolar compound exhibiting a relatively higher electron mobility than a hole transport compound can be used as an electron transport compound.

[0195] Examples of hole transport components may include amino, carbazole, dibenzofuran, dibenzothiophene, and fluorene groups, but the implementation is not limited thereto. Examples of electron transport components may include: -F; cyano; C1-C groups substituted with -F or cyano. 60 Alkyl group; C6-C substituted with -F or cyano groups 60 Aryl groups; and nitrogen-containing cyclic groups lacking π electrons, etc., but the implementation methods are not limited to these.

[0196] In an implementation, the hole transport compound may include a compound represented by Formula 1:

[0197] [Formula 1]

[0198]

[0199] In Equation 1,

[0200] Ring A 11 And Ring A 12 Each can independently be a π-electron-rich C3-C 60 Cyclic groups,

[0201] L 11 It can be a single bond, unsubstituted, or bonded by at least one R. 10aReplacement C6-C 30 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 30 Heterocyclic group,

[0202] n11 can be an integer selected from 1 to 5.

[0203] Ar 11 It can be unsubstituted or by at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 Carbocyclic, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups or -Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3),

[0204] R 11 and R 12 Each can be independently hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, unsubstituted, or substituted with at least one R. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Alkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C2-C 60 alkenyl, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C2-C 60 Alkyne group, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Alkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 Carbocyclic, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C6-C 60 aryloxy group, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C6-C 60 Arylthio group or -Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3),

[0205] b11 and b12 can each be an integer selected from 1 to 10 independently, and

[0206] R 10a Q1 through Q3 can be the same as those described in this paper.

[0207] In the implementation, ring A 11 And Ring A 12 Each can be a phenyl group.

[0208] In the implementation, L 11It can be: a single bond; or an unsubstituted bond or a bond with at least one R. 10a Substituted phenyl groups.

[0209] In the implementation, Ar 11 It can be phenyl, biphenyl, carbazolyl, dibenzofuranyl or dibenzothiophene.

[0210] In an implementation, the hole transport compound may include a compound represented by one of Formulas 1-1 to 1-3:

[0211] [Equation 1-1]

[0212]

[0213] [Equation 1-2]

[0214]

[0215] [Equation 1-3]

[0216]

[0217] In equations 1-1 to 1-3,

[0218] Ring A 11 Ring A 12 L 11 n11, Ar 11 R 11 R 12 b11 and b12 may each be the same as those described herein.

[0219] Ring A 13 And Ring A 14 Each can independently be a π-electron-rich C3-C 60 Cyclic groups,

[0220] Y 11 It can be O, S or Se.

[0221] L 12 and L 13 Each can be independently compared with reference L 11 The descriptions are the same.

[0222] n12 and n13 can each be an integer selected from 1 to 5 independently.

[0223] Ar 12 Can be compared with Ar 11 The descriptions are the same.

[0224] R 13 and R 14 Each can be independently compared with reference R. 11 The descriptions are the same, and

[0225] b13, b14 and c12 to c14 can each be an integer selected from 1 to 10 independently.

[0226] In this embodiment, the hole transport compound may be one of compounds HT-01 to HT-18, but the embodiment is not limited to this:

[0227]

[0228]

[0229] In an embodiment, the electron transport compound may include a compound represented by Formula 2:

[0230] [Equation 2]

[0231]

[0232] In Equation 2,

[0233] X 21 It can be C(R) 24 ) or N, X 22 It can be C(R) 25 ) or N, X 23 It can be C(R) 26 ) or N, and X 21 To X 23 At least one of them can be N,

[0234] L 21 To L 23 Each can be independently a single bond, unsubstituted, or bonded by at least one R. 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group,

[0235] n21 to n23 can each be an integer selected from 1 to 5 independently.

[0236] R 21 To R 26 Each can be independently hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, unsubstituted, or substituted with at least one R. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Alkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C2-C 60 alkenyl, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C2-C 60 Alkyne group, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10aReplacement C1-C 60 Alkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 Carbocyclic, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C6-C 60 aryloxy group, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C6-C 60 Arylthio group or -Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), and

[0237] R 10a Q1 through Q3 can be the same as those described in this paper.

[0238] In the implementation method, X 21 To X 23 Each can be N.

[0239] In the implementation, L 21 To L 23 Each can be a single bond or an unsubstituted or deuterated phenyl group.

[0240] In embodiments, the electron transport compound may include a compound represented by formula 2-1 or formula 2-2:

[0241] [Equation 2-1]

[0242]

[0243] [Equation 2-2]

[0244]

[0245] In equations 2-1 and 2-2,

[0246] X 21 To X 23 L 22 L 23 n22, n23, R 22 and R 23 Each can be the same as described in this article.

[0247] Z 21 Z 23 Z 24 and Q 1a To Q 3a Each can be independently compared with reference R. 21 The descriptions are the same.

[0248] c21 and c22 can each be an integer selected from 1 to 4 independently, provided that the sum of c21 and c22 is an integer selected from 2 to 5, and

[0249] c23 and c24 can each be an integer selected from 1 to 4 independently.

[0250] In the implementation method, in equation 2-1, Q 1a To Q 3a Each can be independently: an unsubstituted phenyl; or a phenyl substituted with at least one deuterium or -Si(Ph)3, wherein Ph is a phenyl.

[0251] In embodiments, the electron transport compound may include a compound represented by one of formulas 2A-1 to 2A-3:

[0252] [Equation 2A-1]

[0253]

[0254] [Equation 2A-2]

[0255]

[0256] [Equation 2A-3]

[0257]

[0258] In equations 2A-1 to 2A-3,

[0259] X 21 To X 23 Each can be the same as described in this article.

[0260] Z 21 Z 23 To Z 26 and Q 1a To Q 3a Each can be independently compared with reference R. 21 The descriptions are the same.

[0261] In Equation 2A-1, c21 can be an integer selected from 1 to 5, and c23 to c26 can each be an integer selected from 1 to 4 independently.

[0262] In Equation 2A-2, c21 and c25 can each be an integer selected from 1 to 5 independently, and c23 and c24 can each be an integer selected from 1 to 4 independently.

[0263] In Equation 2A-3, c21 and c22 can each be an integer selected from 1 to 4 independently, provided that the sum of c21 and c22 is an integer selected from 2 to 5, and c23 and c24 can each be an integer selected from 1 to 4 independently.

[0264] In the implementation method, Z 23 To Z 26 They can be independently classified as deuterium and C1-C. 10 Alkyl, phenyl, biphenyl or -Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3).

[0265] In the implementation method, in formula 2A-3, Q 1a To Q 3a Each can be independently: an unsubstituted phenyl; or a phenyl substituted with at least one deuterium.

[0266] In this embodiment, the electron transport compound may be one of compounds ET-01 to ET-15, but the embodiment is not limited to this:

[0267]

[0268]

[0269] [Dopant]

[0270] In this embodiment, the dopant may include a first dopant and a second dopant. The first dopant may be an organometallic compound containing a transition metal or a phosphorescent compound. The second dopant may be a fluorescent compound or a delayed fluorescence compound.

[0271] [Phosphorescent compounds]

[0272] In some embodiments, the emitter layer may include an organometallic compound containing a transition metal.

[0273] In the embodiments, the organometallic compound can be represented by formula 401:

[0274] <Formula 401>

[0275] M(L 401 ) xc1 (L 402 ) xc2

[0276] <Formula 402>

[0277]

[0278] In Equations 401 and 402,

[0279] M can be iridium (Ir), osmium (Os), or rhodium (Rh).

[0280] L 401 The ligand can be represented by Equation 402, and xc1 can be 1, 2, or 3, wherein when xc1 is 2 or greater, two or more L... 401They can be the same or different from each other.

[0281] L 402 It can be an organic ligand, and xc2 can be 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, wherein when xc2 is 2 or greater, two or more L... 402 They can be the same or different from each other.

[0282] X 401 and X 402 They can be nitrogen or carbon independently.

[0283] Ring A 401 And Ring A 402 Each can be independently classified as C5-C 60 Carbocyclic or C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group,

[0284] T 401 It can be a single bond, *-O-*', *-S-*', *-C(=O)-*', *-N(Q) 411 )-*'、*-C(Q 411 (Q) 412 )-*'、*-C(Q 411 )=C(Q 412 )-*'、*-C(Q 411 ) = *' or * = C(Q 411 )=*',

[0285] X 403 and X 404 Each can be an independent chemical bond (e.g., covalent or coordinate), O, S, N (Q) 413 ), B(Q) 413 ), P(Q 413 ), C(Q 413 (Q) 414 ) or Si(Q 413 (Q) 414 ),

[0286] Q 411 To Q 414 Same as described in reference Q1,

[0287] R 401 and R 402 Each can be independently hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, unsubstituted, or substituted with at least one R. 10a Replacement C1-C 20 Alkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 20 Alkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C10 Cycloalkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C6-C 60 aryl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C6-C 60 aryloxy group, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C6-C 60 Aryl thiols, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 heteroaryl, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Substituted monovalent nonaromatic fused polycyclic groups, unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted monovalent nonaromatic fused heterocyclic groups, -Si(Q 401 (Q) 402 (Q) 403 -N(Q) 401 (Q) 402 -B(Q) 401 (Q) 402 -C(=O)(Q) 401 -S(=O)2(Q) 401 ), or-P(=O)(Q 401 (Q) 402 ),

[0288] Q 401 To Q 403 Same as described in reference Q1,

[0289] xc11 and xc12 can each be an integer selected from 0 to 10 independently, and

[0290] In Equation 402, * and *' each indicate the binding site with M in Equation 401.

[0291] In one or more embodiments, in formula 402, i)X 401 It can be nitrogen, and X 402 It can be carbon, or ii)X 401 and X 402 Each of them can be nitrogen.

[0292] In one or more embodiments, when xc1 in equation 401 is 2 or greater, two or more L 401 The two rings A in 401 Optionally via T as a linking group 402 Connected to each other, or two rings A 402 Optionally via T as a linking group 403 Interconnected. T 402 and T 403 With reference T 401 The descriptions are the same.

[0293] L in Equation 401 402 It can be an organic ligand. In one or more embodiments, L 402 It may include halogen groups, diketone groups (e.g., acetylacetone groups), carboxylic acid groups (e.g., pyridine carboxyl groups), -C (=O), isonitrile groups, -CN groups, phosphorus-containing groups (e.g., phosphine groups and phosphite groups, etc.), or any combination thereof, but the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0294] In the implementation method, the organometallic compound can be represented by Formula 3:

[0295] [Formula 3]

[0296]

[0297] In Equation 3,

[0298] M can be platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), copper (Cu), silver (Ag), gold (Au), rhodium (Rh), ruthenium (Ru), osmium (Os), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), europium (Eu), terbium (Tb), or thulium (Tm).

[0299] X 31 To X 34 Each can be independently C or N.

[0300] CY 31 To CY 34 Each can be independently classified as C5-C 60 Carbocyclic or C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group,

[0301] L 31 To L 33 Each can be an independent single bond, *-C(R) 3a (R) 3b )-*'、*-C(R 3a )=*'、*=C(R 3a )-*'、*-C(R 3a )=C(R 3b)-*', *-C(=O)-*', *-C(=S)-*', *-C≡C-*', *-B(R 3a )-*'、*-N(R 3a )-*'、*-O-*'、*-P(R 3a )-*'、*-Si(R 3a (R) 3b )-*'、*-P(=O)(R 3a )-*', *-S-*', *-S(=O)-*', *-S(=O)2-*' or *-Ge(R 3a (R) 3b )-*', where * and *' each represent a bonding site with an adjacent atom.

[0302] n31 to n33 can each be an integer selected from 1 to 5 independently.

[0303] R 31 To R 34 R 3a and R 3b Each can be independently hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, unsubstituted, or substituted with at least one R. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Alkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C2-C 60 alkenyl, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C2-C 60 Alkyne group, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Alkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 Carbocyclic, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C6-C 60 aryloxy group, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C6-C 60 Arylthio, -C(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), -Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), -N(Q1)(Q2), -B(Q1)(Q2), -C(=O)(Q1), -S(=O)2(Q1) or -P(=O)(Q1)(Q2),

[0304] R 3a and R 3b They may optionally bond to each other to form unsubstituted or by at least one R 10aReplacement C5-C 30 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 30 Heterocyclic group,

[0305] b31 to b34 can each be an integer selected from 0 to 10 independently, and

[0306] R 10a Q1 through Q3 can be the same as those described in this paper.

[0307] In the implementation method, the ring CY 31 To CY 34 Each can be independently:

[0308] Cyclic groups selected from CY1 groups; cyclic groups selected from CY2 groups; polycyclic groups wherein two or more cyclic groups selected from CY1 groups are fused together; polycyclic groups wherein two or more cyclic groups selected from CY2 groups are fused together; or polycyclic groups wherein at least one cyclic group selected from CY1 groups and at least one cyclic group selected from CY2 groups are fused together:

[0309] [CY1 group]

[0310] Cyclopentyl, cyclopentadienyl, furanyl, thiopheneyl, pyrrolyl, thiopheneyl, indoleyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiopheneyl, indoleyl, benzothiopheneyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, isoxadiazolyl, oxtriazolyl, isoxtriazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiazolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, azathiopheneyl, diazathiopheneyl, or triazathiopheneyl; and

[0311] [CY2 group]

[0312] adamantyl, norbornel, norbornel, cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, phenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, or triazinyl.

[0313] In the implementation method, the ring CY 31 To CY 34Each of these can be independently phenyl, naphthyl, anthraceneyl, phenanthrene, triphenylene, pyrene, 1,2-benzophenanthrene, cyclopentadienyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthyl, thiophene, furanyl, indole, benzoborone heterocyclopentadienyl, benzophosphane heterocyclopentadienyl, indene, benzothiophene, benzogermanium heterocyclopentadienyl, benzothiophene, benzoselenyl, benzofuranyl, carbazole, dibenzoborone heterocyclopentadienyl, dibenzophosphane heterocyclopentadienyl fluorenyl, dibenzothiophene, dibenzogermanium heterocyclopentadienyl, dibenzothiophene, dibenzoselenyl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiophene-5-oxide, 9H-fluoren-9-one, dibenzothiophene-5,5-dioxide, azaindolyl, azabenzoborone heterocyclopentadienyl, azabenzophosphacyclopentadienyl, azaindenyl, azabenzothiophene, azabenzogermanium heterocyclopentadienyl, azabenzothiophene, azabenzo... Selenophene, azibazofuranyl, azibacarbazoyl, azibazoboronecyclopentadienyl, azibazophosphazopentadienyl, azibafluorenyl, azibazothiophene, azibazogeroniumcyclopentadienyl, azibazothiophene, azibazoselenophene, azibazofuranyl, azibazothiophene-5-oxide, aziba-9H-fluoren-9-one, azibazothiophene-5,5-dioxide, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl The following are listed: pyridyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, phenanthrene-rholineyl, pyrroleyl, pyrazolyl, imidazoleyl, triazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl, benzopyrazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzooxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzooxadiazolyl, benzothiazolyl, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinolinyl or 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinolinyl.

[0314] In the implementation method, in Equation 3, the ring CY 31 It can be indolyl, azaindolyl, pyrroleyl, pyrazolyl, imidazoleyl, triazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl, benzopyrazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzoxadiazolyl, benzothiazolyl, or imidazolepyrazinyl.

[0315] CY 32 It can be phenyl or naphthyl.

[0316] CY 33 It can be phenyl, naphthyl, indole, carbazole, or azacarbazole, and

[0317] CY 34 It can be pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, or phenanthrolineyl.

[0318] In the implementation method, in Equation 3, by The part represented can be one of the parts represented by equations CY31-1 to CY31-3:

[0319]

[0320] In equations CY31-1 to CY31-3,

[0321] Y 31 It can be N or C(Z) 315 ), Y 32 It can be N or C(Z) 316 ), Y 33 It can be N or C(Z) 317 ), and Y 34 It can be N or C(Z) 318 ),

[0322] Z 311 To Z 318 Each can be independently compared with reference R. 31 The descriptions are the same, and

[0323] * and *' each indicate the bonding site with the adjacent atom.

[0324] In the implementation method, in Equation 3, by The part represented can be one of the parts represented by equations CY32-1 to CY32-16:

[0325]

[0326] In formulas CY32-1 to CY32-16,

[0327] Z 321 To Z 323 Each can be independently compared with reference R. 32 The descriptions are the same, where Z 321 To Z 323 Each of them may not be hydrogen, and

[0328] *, *', and *" each represent a bonding site with an adjacent atom.

[0329] In the implementation method, in Equation 3, by The part represented can be one of the parts represented by equations CY33-1 to CY33-8:

[0330]

[0331] In formulas CY33-1 to CY33-8

[0332] R 33 It can be the same as that described in this article.

[0333] c33 can be an integer selected from 1 to 3.

[0334] c34 can be an integer selected from 1 to 6.

[0335] c35 can be an integer selected from 1 to 5, and

[0336] *, *', and *" each represent a bonding site with an adjacent atom.

[0337] In the implementation method, in Equation 3, by The part represented can be one of the parts represented by equations CY34-1 to CY34-3:

[0338]

[0339] In equations CY34-1 to CY34-3

[0340] Y 35 It can be N or C(Z) 345 ), Y 36 It can be N or C(Z) 346 ), Y 37 It can be N or C(Z) 347 ), and Y 38 It can be N or C(Z) 348 ),

[0341] Z 341 To Z 348 Each can be independently compared with reference R. 34 The descriptions are the same.

[0342] c344 can be an integer selected from 1 to 4, and

[0343] * and *' each represent a bonding site with an adjacent atom.

[0344] In the implementation method, in Equation 3, L 31 and L 33 Each can be a single bond; and L 32 It can be *-O-*', *-S-*', or *-Si(R) 3a (R) 3b )-*' or groups represented by formula L(3)-1:

[0345]

[0346] In equation L(3)-1,

[0347] Z 3a and Z 3b Each can be independently compared with reference R. 10a The descriptions are the same.

[0348] ca3 and cb3 can each independently be an integer selected from 0 to 4, and

[0349] * and *' each represent a bonding site with an adjacent atom.

[0350] In the embodiments, the organometallic compound may be one of compounds Pt-01 to Pt-38 and compounds Ir-1 to Ir-28:

[0351]

[0352]

[0353]

[0354] [Fluorescent compounds]

[0355] In some embodiments, the emitting layer may include a fluorescent compound.

[0356] Fluorescent compounds may include aromatic amine compounds, styrene amine compounds, boron-containing compounds, or any combination thereof.

[0357] In embodiments, the fluorescent compound may include a compound represented by formula 501:

[0358] [Formula 501]

[0359]

[0360] In Equation 501,

[0361] Ar 501 L 501 To L 503 R 501 and R 502 Each can be independently unsubstituted or by at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group,

[0362] xd1 to xd3 can each be independently 0, 1, 2, or 3, and

[0363] xd4 can be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6.

[0364] In the implementation, in formula 501, Ar 501 It can be a fused ring group in which three or more monocyclic groups are fused together (e.g., anthracene, 1,2-benzophenanthrene, pyrene, etc.).

[0365] In the implementation, xd4 can be 2 in Equation 501.

[0366] In embodiments, the fluorescent compound may include: one of compounds FD1 to FD36; DPVBi; DPAVBi; or any combination thereof:

[0367]

[0368]

[0369]

[0370] [Delayed fluorescence materials]

[0371] In one embodiment, the emission layer may include a delayed fluorescence material.

[0372] In the specification, the delayed fluorescence material can be any compound that can emit delayed fluorescence based on the delayed fluorescence emission mechanism.

[0373] Depending on the type of other materials included in the emission layer, the delayed fluorescence material included in the emission layer can be used as a host or as a dopant.

[0374] In this embodiment, the difference between the excitation triplet energy (eV) and the excitation singlet energy (eV) of the delayed fluorescent material can be at least about 0 eV but not more than about 0.5 eV. When the difference between the excitation triplet energy (eV) and the excitation singlet energy (eV) of the delayed fluorescent material satisfies the above-mentioned range, the upconversion from the triplet state to the singlet state of the delayed fluorescent material can occur effectively, and therefore, the light-emitting device 10 can have improved luminous efficiency.

[0375] In embodiments, delayed fluorescence materials may include: at least one electron donor group (e.g., π-electron-rich C3-C). 60 Cyclic groups, such as carbazole groups, and at least one electron acceptor group (e.g., sulfoxide, cyano, π-electron-deficient nitrogen-containing C1-C groups). 60 Materials containing heterocyclic groups, etc.; or C8-C compounds comprising two or more cyclic groups fused together while sharing boron (B) (e.g., fused-ring compounds include boron). 60 Materials with polycyclic groups, etc.

[0376] In embodiments, the delayed fluorescence material including electron donor and electron acceptor groups may include, for example, at least one of compounds DF1 to DF7, but embodiments are not limited thereto:

[0377]

[0378] In embodiments, the delayed fluorescence material (which is a fused-ring compound including boron (B)) may be a compound represented by formula 4-1 or formula 4-2:

[0379] [Equation 4-1]

[0380]

[0381] [Equation 4-2]

[0382]

[0383] In equations 4-1 and 4-2,

[0384] Ring A 41 To Ring A 45 Each can be independently C3-C 60 Carbocyclic or C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group,

[0385] X 41 It can be O, S, N(R) 46 ), B(R) 46 ), C(R 46a (R) 46b ) or Si(R 46a (R) 46b ),

[0386] X 42 It can be O, S, N(R) 47 ), B(R) 47 ), C(R 47a (R) 47b ) or Si(R 47a (R) 47b ),

[0387] X 43 It can be O, S, N(R) 48 ), B(R) 48 ), C(R 48a (R) 48b ) or Si(R 48a (R) 48b ),

[0388] X 44 It can be O, S, N(R) 49 ), B(R) 49 ), C(R 49a (R) 49b ) or Si(R 49a (R) 49b ),

[0389] R 41 To R 49 R40a R 46a R 47a R 48a R 49a R 40b R 46b R 47b R 48b and R 49b Each can be independently hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, unsubstituted, or substituted with at least one R. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Alkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C2-C 60 alkenyl, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C2-C 60 Alkyne group, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Alkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 Carbocyclic, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C6-C 60 aryloxy, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C6-C 60 Arylthio, -C(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), -Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), -N(Q1)(Q2) or -B(Q1)(Q2),

[0390] b41 to b45 can each be an integer selected from 1 to 10 independently, and

[0391] R 10a Q1 through Q3 can be the same as those described in this paper.

[0392] In the implementation, ring A 41 To Ring A 45 Each can be a phenyl group.

[0393] In the implementation method, X 41 and X 42 They may be the same as or different from each other.

[0394] In the implementation method, X 43 and X 44 They may be the same as or different from each other.

[0395] In the embodiments, the compound represented by Formula 4-1 or Formula 4-2 may be one of compounds D-01 to D-25, but the embodiments are not limited thereto:

[0396]

[0397]

[0398] [Electron transport region in interlayer 130]

[0399] The electron transport region may have: a single-layer structure consisting of a single layer (composed of a single material), a single-layer structure consisting of a single layer containing different materials, or a multi-layer structure including multiple layers containing different materials.

[0400] The electron transport region may include a buffer layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron control layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, or any combination thereof.

[0401] In an implementation, the electron transport region may have an electron transport layer / electron injection layer structure, a hole blocking layer / electron transport layer / electron injection layer structure, an electron control layer / electron transport layer / electron injection layer structure, or a buffer layer / electron transport layer / electron injection layer structure, wherein the layers of each structure may be stacked from the emission layer in the order described therein, but the structure of the electron transport region is not limited to this.

[0402] The electron transport region (e.g., a buffer layer, hole blocking layer, electron control layer, or electron transport layer in the electron transport region) may include a nitrogen-containing C1-C layer containing at least one π-deficient electron. 60 Metal-free compounds with heterocyclic groups.

[0403] In an embodiment, the electron transport region may include a compound represented by formula 601:

[0404] [Formula 601]

[0405] [Ar 601 ] xe11 -[(L 601 ) xe1 -R 601 ] xe21 .

[0406] In Equation 601,

[0407] Ar 601 and L 601 Each can be independently unsubstituted or by at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group,

[0408] xe11 can be 1, 2, or 3.

[0409] xe1 can be 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5.

[0410] R 601 It can be unsubstituted or by at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 Carbocyclic, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups, -Si(Q) 601 (Q) 602 (Q) 603 -C(=O)(Q) 601 -S(=O)2(Q) 601 ) or -P(=O)(Q 601 (Q) 602 ),

[0411] Q 601 To Q 603 Each can be independently identical to the description in reference Q1.

[0412] xe21 can be 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, and

[0413] Ar 601 L 601 and R 601 At least one of them can be independently unsubstituted or by at least one R. 10a Substituted π-electron-deficient nitrogen-containing C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group.

[0414] In an implementation, in formula 601, when xe11 is 2 or greater, two or more Ar 601 They can be connected to each other via a single key.

[0415] In the implementation, in formula 601, Ar 601 It can be unsubstituted or by at least one R 10a Substituted anthracene group.

[0416] In an embodiment, the electron transport region may include a compound represented by formula 601-1:

[0417] [Formula 601-1]

[0418]

[0419] In Equation 601-1,

[0420] X 614 It can be N or C(R) 614), X 615 It can be N or C(R) 615 ), X 616 It can be N or C(R) 616 ), and X 614 To X 616 At least one of them can be N,

[0421] L 611 To L 613 Each can be independently compared with reference L 601 The descriptions are the same.

[0422] xe611 to xe613 can each be independently identical to the description with reference to xe1.

[0423] R 611 To R 613 Each can be independently compared with reference R. 601 The descriptions are the same, and

[0424] R 614 To R 616 Each can be independently hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, C1-C 20 Alkyl, C1-C 20 Alkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group.

[0425] In the implementation, in formulas 601 and 601-1, xe1 and xe611 to xe613 can each be 0, 1 or 2 independently.

[0426] In embodiments, the electron transport region may include: one of compounds ET1 to ET46; 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP); 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen); Alq3; BAlq; TAZ; NTAZ; mSiTrz; or any combination thereof:

[0427]

[0428]

[0429]

[0430] The thickness of the electron transport region can be approximately to approximately Within a certain range. For example, the thickness of the electron transport region can be approximately... to approximately Within the range. When the electron transport region includes a buffer layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron control layer, an electron transport layer, or any combination thereof, the thickness of the buffer layer, hole blocking layer, or electron control layer can each be independently within approximately [a certain range]. to approximately Within a certain range, and the thickness of the electron transport layer can be approximately... to approximately Within a certain range. For example, the thickness of the buffer layer, hole blocking layer, or electronic control layer can each be independently within approximately [a certain range]. to approximately Within a certain range. For example, the thickness of the electron transport layer can be approximately... to approximately Within the above range, when the thickness of the buffer layer, hole blocking layer, electron control layer, electron transport layer and / or electron transport region is within the above range, satisfactory electron transport characteristics can be obtained without significantly increasing the driving voltage.

[0431] In addition to the materials mentioned above, the electron transport region (e.g., the electron transport layer in the electron transport region) may further include a metallic material.

[0432] Metal-containing materials may include alkali metal complexes, alkaline earth metal complexes, or any combination thereof. The metal ion in an alkali metal complex may be Li, Na, K, Rb, or Cs ions, and the metal ion in an alkaline earth metal complex may be Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, or Ba ions. The ligands coordinated to the metal ions of the alkali metal complex or the alkaline earth metal complex may independently include hydroxyquinoline, hydroxyisoquinoline, hydroxybenzoquinoline, hydroxyacridine, hydroxyphenanthridine, hydroxyphenyloxazole, hydroxyphenylthiazole, hydroxyphenyloxadiazole, hydroxyphenylthiadiazole, hydroxyphenylpyridine, hydroxyphenylbenzimidazole, hydroxyphenylbenzothiazole, bipyridine, phenanthrene, cyclopentadiene, or any combination thereof.

[0433] In this embodiment, the metal-containing material may include a Li complex. The Li complex may include, for example, compound ET-D1 (Liq) or compound ET-D2:

[0434]

[0435] The electron transport region may include an electron injection layer that facilitates the injection of electrons from the second electrode 150. The electron injection layer may be in direct contact with the second electrode 150.

[0436] The electron injection layer may have: a single-layer structure consisting of a single layer (composed of a single material), a single-layer structure consisting of a single layer containing different materials, or a multi-layer structure including multiple layers containing different materials.

[0437] The electron injection layer may include an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a rare earth metal, an alkali metal compound, an alkaline earth metal compound, a rare earth metal compound, an alkali metal complex, an alkaline earth metal complex, a rare earth metal complex, or any combination thereof.

[0438] The alkali metal may include Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, or any combination thereof. The alkaline earth metal may include Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, or any combination thereof. The rare earth metal may include Sc, Y, Ce, Tb, Yb, Gd, or any combination thereof.

[0439] The alkali metal compound, the alkaline earth metal compound, and the rare earth metal compound may include oxides, halides (e.g., fluorides, chlorides, bromides, iodides, etc.), or tellurides of the alkali metal, the alkaline earth metal, and the rare earth metal, or any combination thereof.

[0440] The alkali metal compound may include: alkali metal oxides, such as Li2O, Cs2O, or K2O, etc.; alkali metal halides, such as LiF, NaF, CsF, KF, LiI, NaI, CsI, KI, or RbI, etc.; or any combination thereof. The alkaline earth metal compound may include alkaline earth metal oxides, such as BaO, SrO, CaO, Ba x Sr 1-x O (where x is a real number satisfying the condition 0 < x < 1) or Ba x Ca 1-x O (where x is a real number satisfying the condition 0 < x < 1), etc. The rare earth metal compound may include YbF3, ScF3, Sc2O3, Y2O3, Ce2O3, GdF3, TbF3, YbI3, ScI3, TbI3, or any combination thereof. In an embodiment, the rare earth metal compound may include lanthanide metal tellurides. Examples of lanthanide metal tellurides may include LaTe, CeTe, PrTe, NdTe, PmTe, SmTe, EuTe, GdTe, TbTe, DyTe, HoTe, ErTe, TmTe, YbTe, LuTe, La2Te3, Ce2Te3, Pr2Te3, NdTe3, Pm2Te3, Sm2Te3, Eu2Te3, Gd2Te3, Tb2Te3, Dy2Te3, Ho2Te3, Er2Te3, Tm2Te3, Yb2Te3, and Lu2Te3, etc.

[0441] Alkali metal complexes, alkaline earth metal complexes, and rare earth metal complexes may include: alkali metal ions, alkaline earth metal ions, or rare earth metal ions; and ligands bonded to the metal ions (e.g., hydroxyquinoline, hydroxyisoquinoline, hydroxybenzoquinoline, hydroxyacridine, hydroxyphenanthridine, hydroxyphenyloxazole, hydroxyphenylthiazole, hydroxyphenyloxadiazole, hydroxyphenylthiadiazole, hydroxyphenylpyridine, hydroxyphenylbenzimidazole, hydroxyphenylbenzothiazole, bipyridine, phenanthridine, cyclopentadiene, or any combination thereof).

[0442] In embodiments, the electron injection layer may consist of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, rare earth metals, alkali metal-containing compounds, alkaline earth metal-containing compounds, rare earth metal-containing compounds, alkali metal complexes, alkaline earth metal complexes, rare earth metal complexes, or any combination thereof as described above. In embodiments, the electron injection layer may further include organic materials (e.g., compounds represented by Formula 601).

[0443] In embodiments, the electron-injected layer may be composed of an alkali metal compound (e.g., an alkali metal halide); or the electron-injected layer may be composed of an alkali metal compound (e.g., an alkali metal halide) and alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, rare earth metals, or any combination thereof. For example, the electron-injected layer may be a KI:Yb co-deposited layer, an RbI:Yb co-deposited layer, or a LiF:Yb co-deposited layer, etc.

[0444] When the electron injection layer further includes organic materials, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, rare earth metals, alkali metal compounds, alkaline earth metal compounds, rare earth metal compounds, alkali metal complexes, alkaline earth metal complexes, rare earth metal complexes, or any combination thereof may be uniformly or non-uniformly dispersed in the matrix including the organic materials.

[0445] The thickness of the electron injection layer can be approximately to approximately Within a certain range. For example, the thickness of the electron-injected layer can be approximately... to approximately Within the range mentioned above, satisfactory electron injection characteristics can be obtained without significantly increasing the driving voltage when the thickness of the electron injection layer is within any of these ranges.

[0446] [Second electrode 150]

[0447] The second electrode 150 may be disposed on the interlayer 130 having the structure described above. The second electrode 150 may be a cathode serving as an electron injection electrode. When the second electrode 150 is a cathode, the second electrode 150 may comprise a material having a low work function, such as a metal, alloy, conductive compound, or any combination thereof.

[0448] The second electrode 150 may include lithium (Li), silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al-Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg-In), magnesium-silver (Mg-Ag), ytterbium (Yb), silver-ytterbium (Ag-Yb), ITO, IZO, or any combination thereof. The second electrode 150 may be a transmission electrode, a transmission-reflection electrode, or a reflection electrode.

[0449] The second electrode 150 may have a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure.

[0450] [Capping layer]

[0451] The light-emitting device 10 may include a first capping layer disposed outside the first electrode 110 and / or a second capping layer 170 disposed outside the second electrode 150. In an embodiment, the light-emitting device 10 may have a structure in which the first capping layer, the first electrode 110, the interlayer 130, and the second electrode 150 are stacked in the order described herein, or a structure in which the first capping layer, the first electrode 110, the interlayer 130, the second electrode 150, and the second capping layer 170 are stacked in the order described herein, or a structure in which the first capping layer, the first electrode 110, the interlayer 130, the second electrode 150, and the second capping layer 170 are stacked in the order described herein.

[0452] Light generated in the emitting layer of the interlayer 130 of the light-emitting device 10 can be extracted to the outside through a first electrode 110, which may be a reflective electrode or a transmission electrode, and through a first capping layer. Light generated in the emitting layer of the interlayer 130 of the light-emitting device 10 can be extracted to the outside through a second electrode 150, which may be a reflective electrode or a transmission electrode, and through a second capping layer 170.

[0453] The first and second capping layers 170 can each increase the external emission efficiency according to the principle of constructive interference. Accordingly, the light extraction efficiency of the light-emitting device 10 can be increased, and therefore, the luminous efficiency of the light-emitting device 10 can be increased.

[0454] The first capping layer and the second capping layer 170 may each comprise a material having a refractive index equal to or greater than about 1.6 (relative to a wavelength of about 589 nm).

[0455] The first capping layer and the second capping layer 170 may each be an organic capping layer including organic materials, an inorganic capping layer including inorganic materials, or an organic-inorganic composite capping layer including both organic and inorganic materials.

[0456] At least one of the first capping layer and the second capping layer 170 may independently comprise a carbocyclic compound, a heterocyclic compound, an amino-containing compound, a porphyrin derivative, a phthalocyanine derivative, a naphthyl phthalocyanine derivative, an alkali metal complex, an alkaline earth metal complex, or any combination thereof. The carbocyclic compound, heterocyclic compound, and amino-containing compound may optionally be substituted with substituents including O, N, S, Se, Si, F, Cl, Br, I, or any combination thereof.

[0457] In an embodiment, at least one of the first capping layer and the second capping layer 170 may each independently include an amine-containing compound.

[0458] In an embodiment, at least one of the first capping layer and the second capping layer 170 may each independently include a compound represented by formula 201, a compound represented by formula 202, or any combination thereof.

[0459] In an embodiment, at least one of the first capping layer and the second capping layer 170 may each independently comprise: one of compounds HT28 to HT33; one of compounds CP1 to CP7; β-NPB; or any combination thereof.

[0460]

[0461] [Electronic Devices]

[0462] Light-emitting devices can be included in various electronic devices. For example, electronic devices that include light-emitting devices can be light-emitting devices or authentication devices, etc.

[0463] In addition to the light-emitting device, the electronic device (e.g., the light-emitting device) may further include: a color filter, a color conversion layer, or a color filter and a color conversion layer. The color filter and / or the color conversion layer may be arranged in at least one direction in which the light emitted from the light-emitting device travels. For example, the light emitted from the light-emitting device may be blue, green, or white light. Further details regarding the light-emitting device may be the same as described herein. In embodiments, the color conversion layer may include quantum dots.

[0464] An electronic device may include a substrate. The substrate may include a plurality of sub-pixels, a color filter may include a plurality of color filter regions corresponding to the plurality of sub-pixels, and a color conversion layer may include a plurality of color conversion regions corresponding to the plurality of sub-pixels.

[0465] A pixel-defining film can be arranged between multiple sub-pixel regions to define each sub-pixel.

[0466] The color filter may further include a plurality of color filter areas and a light-blocking pattern arranged between the plurality of color filter areas, and the color conversion layer may further include a plurality of color conversion areas and a light-blocking pattern arranged between the plurality of color conversion areas.

[0467] The color filter region (or color conversion region) may include: a first region emitting a first color light; a second region emitting a second color light; and / or a third region emitting a third color light, wherein the first color light, the second color light, and / or the third color light may have different maximum emission wavelengths. For example, the first color light may be red light, the second color light may be green light, and the third color light may be blue light. In embodiments, the color filter region (or color conversion region) may include quantum dots. For example, the first region may include red quantum dots, the second region may include green quantum dots, and the third region may not include quantum dots. Further details regarding quantum dots may be the same as described herein. The first region, the second region, and / or the third region may each further include a scatterer.

[0468] In one embodiment, the light-emitting device can emit first light, a first region can absorb the first light to emit a first first color light, a second region can absorb the first light to emit a second first color light, and a third region can absorb the first light to emit a third first color light. The first, second, and third first color lights can have different maximum emission wavelengths. For example, the first light can be blue light, the first first color light can be red light, the second first color light can be green light, and the third first color light can be blue light.

[0469] In addition to the light-emitting device described above, the electronic device may further include a thin-film transistor. The thin-film transistor may include a source electrode, a drain electrode, and an active layer, wherein either the source electrode or the drain electrode may be electrically connected to either the first electrode or the second electrode of the light-emitting device.

[0470] Thin-film transistors may further include gate electrodes or gate insulating films, etc.

[0471] The active layer may include crystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, organic semiconductors, or oxide semiconductors, etc.

[0472] The electronic device may further include a sealing portion for sealing the light-emitting device. The sealing portion may be disposed between the color filter and / or color conversion layer and the light-emitting device. The sealing portion allows light from the light-emitting device to be extracted to the outside while simultaneously preventing ambient air and moisture from penetrating into the light-emitting device. The sealing portion may be a sealing substrate comprising a transparent glass substrate or a plastic substrate. The sealing portion may be a thin-film encapsulation layer comprising at least one of an organic layer and an inorganic layer. When the sealing portion is a thin-film encapsulation layer, the electronic device may be flexible.

[0473] Depending on the intended use of the electronic device, various functional layers may be further included on the sealed portion in addition to color filters and / or color conversion layers. Examples of functional layers may include a touchscreen layer and a polarizing layer. The touchscreen layer may be a pressure-sensitive touchscreen layer, a capacitive touchscreen layer, or an infrared touchscreen layer. The authentication device may be, for example, a biometric authentication device that authenticates an individual using biometric information from a living body (e.g., fingertip, pupil, etc.).

[0474] In addition to the light-emitting device described above, the authentication device may further include a biometric information collector.

[0475] Electronic devices can be applied to a variety of displays, light sources, lighting equipment, personal computers (e.g., mobile personal computers), mobile phones, digital cameras, electronic notebooks, electronic dictionaries, video game consoles, medical tools (e.g., electronic thermometers, blood pressure monitors, blood glucose meters, pulse measuring devices, pulse wave measuring devices, electrocardiogram displays, ultrasound diagnostic devices, or endoscope displays), fish finders, various measuring instruments, meters (e.g., instruments for vehicles, aircraft, and ships), and projectors, etc.

[0476] [ Figure 2 and Figure 3 [Description]

[0477] Figure 2 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of an electronic device according to an embodiment.

[0478] Figure 2 An electronic device (e.g., a light-emitting device) may include a substrate 100, a thin-film transistor (TFT), a light-emitting device, and a sealing portion 300 that seals the light-emitting device.

[0479] The substrate 100 may be a flexible substrate, a glass substrate, or a metal substrate. A buffer layer 210 may be disposed on the substrate 100. The buffer layer 210 can prevent the penetration of impurities through the substrate 100 and can provide a flat surface on the substrate 100.

[0480] The TFT can be disposed on the buffer layer 210. The TFT may include an active layer 220, a gate electrode 240, a source electrode 260, and a drain electrode 270.

[0481] The active layer 220 may include inorganic semiconductors (such as silicon or polysilicon), organic semiconductors or oxide semiconductors, and may include source region, drain region and channel region.

[0482] A gate insulating film 230 for insulating the active layer 220 from the gate electrode 240 may be disposed on the active layer 220, and the gate electrode 240 may be disposed on the gate insulating film 230.

[0483] The interlayer insulating film 250 may be disposed on the gate electrode 240. The interlayer insulating film 250 may be disposed between the gate electrode 240 and the source electrode 260 and between the gate electrode 240 and the drain electrode 270, so as to insulate the gate electrode 240 and the source electrode 260 and the gate electrode 240 and the drain electrode 270 from each other.

[0484] The source electrode 260 and the drain electrode 270 may be arranged on the interlayer insulating film 250. The interlayer insulating film 250 and the gate insulating film 230 may be formed to expose the source region and drain region of the active layer 220, and the source electrode 260 and the drain electrode 270 may respectively contact the exposed portions of the source region and drain region of the active layer 220.

[0485] The TFT can be electrically connected to a light-emitting device to drive the light-emitting device, and can be covered and protected by a passivation layer 280. The passivation layer 280 may include an inorganic insulating film, an organic insulating film, or any combination thereof. The light-emitting device may be provided on the passivation layer 280. The light-emitting device may include a first electrode 110, a sandwich layer 130, and a second electrode 150.

[0486] The first electrode 110 may be disposed on the passivation layer 280. The passivation layer 280 may not completely cover the drain electrode 270 and may expose a portion of the drain electrode 270. The first electrode 110 may be connected (e.g., electrically connected) to the exposed portion of the drain electrode 270.

[0487] A pixel defining film 290, including insulating material, may be disposed on the first electrode 110. The pixel defining film 290 may expose an area of ​​the first electrode 110, and an interlayer 130 may be formed in the exposed area of ​​the first electrode 110. The pixel defining film 290 may be a polyimide-based organic film or a polyacrylic acid-based organic film. Although in Figure 2 Although not shown, at least some layers of interlayer 130 may extend beyond the upper portion of pixel-defining film 290 to be provided as a common layer.

[0488] The second electrode 150 may be disposed on the interlayer 130, and a second capping layer 170 may further be included on the second electrode 150. The second capping layer 170 may be formed to cover the second electrode 150.

[0489] A sealing portion 300 may be disposed on the second sealing layer 170. The sealing portion 300 may be disposed on the light-emitting device to protect it from moisture and / or oxygen. The sealing portion 300 may include an inorganic film, which includes silicon nitride (SiN). x ), silicon dioxide (SiO) xIndium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, or any combination thereof; organic membranes, including polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, polyimide, polyethylene sulfonate, polyoxymethylene, polyarylate, hexamethyldisiloxane, acrylic resins (e.g., polymethyl methacrylate, polyacrylic acid, etc.), epoxy resins (e.g., aliphatic glycidyl ether (AGE), etc.) or any combination thereof; or any combination of inorganic and organic membranes.

[0490] Figure 3 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of an electronic device according to another embodiment.

[0491] Figure 3 Electronic devices (e.g., light-emitting devices) and Figure 2 The difference in the electronic device (e.g., a light-emitting device) may lie at least in the further inclusion of a light-shielding pattern 500 and a functional area 400 on the sealing portion 300. The functional area 400 may be a color filter area, a color conversion area, or a combination of a color filter area and a color conversion area. In an embodiment, Figure 3 The light-emitting device included in the electronic device may be a series light-emitting device.

[0492] [ Figure 4 [Description]

[0493] Figure 4 This is a schematic perspective view of an electronic device 1 including a light-emitting device according to an embodiment.

[0494] The electronic device 1, which can be a device for displaying moving or still images, can be not only portable electronic devices (such as mobile phones, smartphones, tablet computers, mobile communication terminals, electronic notebook computers, e-books, portable multimedia players (PMPs), navigation devices, or ultra-mobile PCs (UMPCs)), but can also be a variety of products (such as televisions, laptop computers, monitors, billboards, or Internet of Things (IoT) devices) or can be part of such a variety of products.

[0495] In some embodiments, electronic device 1 may be a wearable device (such as a smartwatch, watch phone, glasses display, or head-mounted display (HMD)) or part of such a wearable device. However, embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0496] In implementations, examples of electronic device 1 may include a center information display (CID) on the vehicle's instrument panel and center console or dashboard, an interior rearview mirror display replacing the vehicle's side mirrors, an entertainment display for the vehicle's rear seats, a display arranged on the back of the front seats, a head-up display (HUD) mounted on the front of the vehicle or projected onto the windshield, or a computer-generated holographic augmented reality head-up display (CGH AR HUD). For ease of explanation, Figure 4 The implementation method of electronic device 1 being a smartphone is explained.

[0497] Electronic device 1 may include a display area DA and a non-display area NDA outside the display area DA. The display device can implement an image by means of a two-dimensional pixel array arranged in the display area DA.

[0498] The non-display area NDA is an area where no image is displayed and may surround (e.g., completely surround) the display area DA. Drivers for providing electrical signals or power to display elements arranged in the display area DA may be arranged in the non-display area NDA. Pads that can be electrically connected to electronic components or printed circuit boards may be arranged in the non-display area NDA.

[0499] In electronic device 1, the length in the x-axis direction and the length in the y-axis direction can be different from each other. In the implementation, such as Figure 4 As shown, the length in the x-axis direction may be less than the length in the y-axis direction. In one embodiment, the length in the x-axis direction may be the same as the length in the y-axis direction. In another embodiment, the length in the x-axis direction may be greater than the length in the y-axis direction.

[0500] [ Figure 5 and Figures 6A to 6C [Description]

[0501] Figure 5 This is a schematic perspective view of the exterior of a vehicle 1000, which is an electronic device including a light-emitting device, according to an embodiment. Figures 6A to 6C Each is a schematic diagram of the interior of a vehicle 1000 according to an embodiment.

[0502] refer to Figure 5 , Figure 6A , Figure 6B and Figure 6C Implementations of vehicle 1000 may include various devices for moving objects (such as people, objects, or animals) from a point of origin to a destination. Examples of vehicle 1000 may include vehicles that travel on roads or tracks, ships that move on oceans or rivers, and aircraft that fly in the air using air action.

[0503] Vehicle 1000 can travel on roads or tracks. Vehicle 1000 can move in a selected or given direction based on the rotation of at least one wheel. In embodiments, examples of vehicle 1000 may include three-wheeled or four-wheeled vehicles, construction machinery, two-wheeled vehicles, prime movers, bicycles, and trains traveling on tracks.

[0504] Vehicle 1000 may include a body having an interior and an exterior, and a chassis, which is a part other than the body, in which necessary mechanical equipment for driving is installed. The exterior of the body may include a front panel, hood, roof panel, rear panel, trunk, and pillars provided at the boundaries between the doors. The chassis may include a power generation unit, a power transmission unit, a drive unit, a steering unit, a braking unit, a suspension unit, a transmission unit, a fuel system, front and rear wheels, and left and right wheels.

[0505] Vehicle 1000 may include side window glass 1100, front window glass 1200, side mirror 1300, instrument panel 1400, center console 1500, passenger seat instrument panel 1600 and display device 2.

[0506] The side window glass 1100 and the front window glass 1200 can be separated by a pillar arranged between the side window glass 1100 and the front window glass 1200.

[0507] Side window 1100 may be mounted on the side of vehicle 1000. In one embodiment, side window 1100 may be mounted on a door of vehicle 1000. Multiple side window 1100s may be provided and may face each other. In one embodiment, side window 1100 may include a first side window 1110 and a second side window 1120. In one embodiment, the first side window 1110 may be arranged adjacent to instrument panel 1400, and the second side window 1120 may be arranged adjacent to passenger seat dashboard 1600.

[0508] In this embodiment, the side window glass 1100 may be spaced apart from each other in the x-axis direction or in the opposite direction. For example, the first side window glass 1110 and the second side window glass 1120 may be spaced apart from each other in the x-axis direction or in the opposite direction. For example, the virtual straight line L connecting the side window glass 1100 may extend in the x-axis direction or in the opposite direction. For example, the virtual straight line L connecting the first side window glass 1110 and the second side window glass 1120 may extend in the x-axis direction or in the opposite direction.

[0509] The front windshield 1200 can be installed at the front of the vehicle 1000. The front windshield 1200 can be arranged between the side windows 1100 facing each other.

[0510] The side mirror 1300 provides a rear view of the vehicle 1000. The side mirror 1300 can be mounted on the exterior of the vehicle body. In an embodiment, multiple side mirrors 1300 may be provided. For example, one of the multiple side mirrors 1300 may be arranged on the outer side of the first side window 1110, and another of the multiple side mirrors 1300 may be arranged on the outer side of the second side window 1120.

[0511] The instrument panel 1400 may be positioned in front of the steering wheel. The instrument panel 1400 may include a tachometer, speedometer, coolant temperature gauge, fuel gauge, turn signal indicator, high beam indicator, warning lights, seat belt warning lights, odometer, driving recorder, automatic transmission selection indicator, door opening warning light, engine oil warning light, and / or low fuel warning light.

[0512] The center console 1500 may include a control panel on which buttons for adjusting audio devices, air conditioning devices, and seat heaters are arranged. The center console 1500 may be located on one side of the instrument panel 1400.

[0513] The passenger seat instrument panel 1600 may be spaced apart from the instrument cluster 1400, and the center console 1500 may be arranged between the instrument cluster 1400 and the passenger seat instrument panel 1600. In one embodiment, the instrument cluster 1400 may be arranged corresponding to a driver's seat (not shown), and the passenger seat instrument panel 1600 may be arranged corresponding to a passenger seat (not shown). In one embodiment, the instrument cluster 1400 may be adjacent to a first side window 1110, and the passenger seat instrument panel 1600 may be adjacent to a second side window 1120.

[0514] In one embodiment, the display device 2 may include a display panel 3, and the display panel 3 may display images. The display device 2 may be arranged inside the vehicle 1000. In another embodiment, the display device 2 may be arranged between side window glass 1100s facing each other. The display device 2 may be arranged on at least one of the instrument panel 1400, the center console 1500, and the passenger seat instrument panel 1600.

[0515] Display device 2 may include organic light-emitting display devices, inorganic light-emitting display devices, or quantum dot display devices, etc. Hereinafter, an organic light-emitting display device including a light-emitting device according to an embodiment will be described as an example of display device 2. However, various types of display devices as described above may be used in embodiments.

[0516] refer to Figure 6A The display device 2 can be mounted on the center console 1500. In one embodiment, the display device 2 can display navigation information. In another embodiment, the display device 2 can display information about audio settings, video settings, or vehicle settings.

[0517] refer to Figure 6B The display device 2 can be mounted on the instrument panel 1400. When the display device 2 is mounted on the instrument panel 1400, the instrument panel 1400 can display driving information, etc., through the display device 2. For example, the instrument panel 1400 can digitally display driving information, etc. The instrument panel 1400 can digitally display vehicle information and driving information as images. For example, the tachometer needle and gauges, as well as various warning lights or icons, can be displayed through digital signals.

[0518] refer to Figure 6C The display device 2 may be arranged on the passenger seat instrument panel 1600. The display device 2 may be embedded in the passenger seat instrument panel 1600 or may be arranged on the passenger seat instrument panel 1600. In one embodiment, the display device 2 arranged on the passenger seat instrument panel 1600 may display images related to the information displayed on the instrument panel 1400 and / or the information displayed on the center console 1500. In another embodiment, the display device 2 arranged on the passenger seat instrument panel 1600 may display information different from the information displayed on the instrument panel 1400 and / or the information displayed on the center console 1500.

[0519] [Manufacturing Method]

[0520] The layers constituting the hole transport region, the emission layer, and the electron transport region can be formed in the selected area using various methods such as vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, Langmuir-Brookett (LB) deposition, inkjet printing, laser printing, and laser-induced thermal imaging.

[0521] When the layers constituting the hole transport region, the emitter layer, and the electron transport region are formed by vacuum deposition, the deposition can be carried out at a deposition temperature in the range of about 100°C to about 500°C, and at a deposition temperature of about 10°C. -8 To about 10 -3 Vacuum degree and approximately within the range of Torr seconds to approximately The deposition rate is carried out within the range of seconds, depending on the material to be included in the layer to be formed and the structure of the layer to be formed.

[0522] [Terminology limitations]

[0523] As used in this article, the term "C3-C" 60 A "carbocyclic group" can be a cyclic group consisting of 3 to 60 carbon atoms, with carbon atoms as the only cyclic atom. As used herein, the term "C1-C" is also relevant. 60 A "heterocyclic group" can be a cyclic group having 1 to 60 carbon atoms and further including at least one heteroatom as a cyclic atom in addition to carbon atoms. (C3-C) 60 Carbocyclic groups and C1-C 60The heterocyclic group can be: a monocyclic group consisting of one ring; or a polycyclic group in which two or more rings are fused together. In the embodiments, C1-C 60 The number of cyclic atoms in a heterocyclic group can range from 3 to 61.

[0524] As used herein, the term "cyclic group" may refer to C3-C 60 Carbocyclic or C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group.

[0525] As used in this article, “π-electron-rich C3-C” 60 A "cyclic group" can be a cyclic group having 3 to 60 carbon atoms and may not include *-N=*' as a cyclic moiety. For example, the term "π-electron-deficient nitrogen-containing C1-C" as used herein... 60 "Heterocyclic group" can be a heterocyclic group having 1 to 60 carbon atoms and may include *-N=*' as a cyclic moiety.

[0526] In the implementation,

[0527] C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group can be a T1 group, or a group in which two or more T1 groups are fused together (e.g., cyclopentadienyl, adamantyl, norbornel, phenyl, pentaenyl, naphthyl, azuleyl, indaryl, acenaphthel, phenanthrene, anthreneyl, fluoranyl, triphenylene, pyrene, 1,2-benzophenantyl, perylene, penfenyl, heptaenyl, tetraphenyl, framyl, hexaphenyl, pentaphenyl, rubidyl, keratyl, ovoleyl, indole, fluorenyl, spirodifluorenyl, benzofluorenyl, indolephenyl or indoleanthryl).

[0528] C1-C 60The heterocyclic group can be a T2 group, wherein two or more T2 groups are fused together, or wherein at least one T2 group and at least one T1 group are fused together (e.g., pyrrole, thiophene, furanyl, indole, benzoindole, naphthoindole, isoindole, benzoisoindole, naphthoisoindole, benzothiophene, benzofuranyl, carbazole, dibenzothiophene, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzofuranyl, indocarbazole, indolecarbazole, benzofuranyl, benzothiophenecarbazole, benzothiophenecarbazole, benzoindocarbazole, benzocarbazole, benzonaphthofuranyl, benzonaphthophene, benzonaphthothiophene, benzofuranyl, benzofuranyl, dibenzofuranyl, benzofuranyl, dibenzothiophenecarbazole). Fenyl, benzothiophene, dibenzothiophene, pyrazolyl, imidazole, triazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiazolyl, benzopyrazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzooxazolyl, benzoisooxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzoisothiazolyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzoquinoline Phinyl, benzoisoquinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, benzoquinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, benzoquinazolinyl, phenanthrolinyl, cenolinyl, phthalazinyl, naphthidyl, imidazopyridyl, imidazopyrimidyl, imidazotriazinyl, imidazopyrazinyl, imidazopyridazinyl, azacarbazoyl, azafluorenyl, azadibenzothiophenyl, azadibenzofuranyl, etc.

[0529] C3-C rich in π electrons 60 The cyclic group may be a T1 group, wherein two or more T1 groups are fused together, a T3 group, wherein two or more T3 groups are fused together, or wherein at least one T3 group and at least one T1 group are fused together (e.g., C3-C). 60 Carbocyclic, 1H-pyrrole, thiorrole, borocyclopentadienyl, 2H-pyrrole, 3H-pyrrole, thiophene, furanyl, indole, benzoindole, naphthoindole, isoindole, benzoisoindole, naphthoisoindole, benzothiorrole, benzothiophene, benzofuranyl, carbazole, dibenzothiorrole, dibenzothiophene, dibenzofuranyl, indole-carbazole, benzofuran-carbazole, benzothiophene-carbazole, benzothiorrole-carbazole, benzoindole-carbazole, benzocarbazole, benzonaphthofuranyl, benzonaphthophene, benzonaphthorrole, benzofuran-dibenzofuranyl, benzofuran-dibenzothiophene, benzothiophene-dibenzothiophene, etc.

[0530] Nitrogen-containing C1-C lacking π electrons 60The heterocyclic group may be a T4 group, a group in which two or more T4 groups are fused together, a group in which at least one T4 group and at least one T1 group are fused together, a group in which at least one T4 group and at least one T3 group are fused together, or a group in which at least one T4 group, at least one T1 group and at least one T3 group are fused together (e.g., pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, benzopyrazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzoxazole). The following groups are listed: benzo[a]oxazolyl, benzo[a]thiazolyl, benzo[a]isothiazolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzo[a]quinolinyl, benzo[a]isoquinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, benzo[a]quinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, benzo[a]quinazolinyl, phenanthrolinel, cinolinyl, phthalazinyl, naphridinyl, imidazo[a]pyridinyl, imidazo[a]pyrimidinyl, imidazo[a]triazinyl, imidazo[a]pyrazinyl, imidazo[a]pyridazinyl, imidazo[a]pyridazinyl, azacarbazolyl, azafluorenyl, azadibenzothiophene, azadibenzofuranyl, etc.

[0531] The T1 group can be cyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cycloheptane, cyclooctane, cyclobutenyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclopentadienyl, cyclohexenyl, cyclohexadienyl, cycloheptenyl, adamantyl, norbornyl (or bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane), norbornyl, bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane, bicyclo[2.1.1]hexane, bicyclo[2.2.2]octane, or phenyl.

[0532] The T2 group can be furanyl, thiophene, 1H-pyrrolyl, thiophene, borocyclopentadienyl, 2H-pyrrolyl, 3H-pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, azathiazolyl, azaboracyclopentadienyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl, tetraazinyl, pyrrolylalkyl, imidazolyl, dihydropyrrolyl, piperidinyl, tetrahydropyridinyl, dihydropyridinyl, hexahydropyrimidinyl, tetrahydropyrimidinyl, dihydropyrimidinyl, piperazinyl, tetrahydropyrazinyl, dihydropyrazinyl, tetrahydropyrazinyl, or dihydropyrazinyl.

[0533] The T3 group can be furanyl, thiophene, 1H-pyrrole, thiophene, or borocyclopentadienyl, and

[0534] The T4 group can be 2H-pyrrole, 3H-pyrrole, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiazolyl, azirthiolyl, aziboranecyclopentadienyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, or tetraazinyl.

[0535] As used in this article, the terms "cyclic group" and "C3-C" are similar to those used in other documents. 60 "Carbocyclic group", "C1-C" 60 Heterocyclic groups, π-electron-rich C3-C 60 "Cyclic groups" and "nitrogen-containing C1-C groups lacking π electrons" 60 "Heterocyclic group" can be any group fused with any cyclic group, monovalent group, or polyvalent group (e.g., divalent group, trivalent group, tetravalent group, etc.) according to the structure of the formula using the corresponding term. For example, "phenyl" can be benzo[a], phenyl, or phenylene, etc., which can be readily understood by those skilled in the art from the structure of formulas including "phenyl".

[0536] Unit price C3-C 60 Carbon cyclo groups and monovalent C1-C 60 Examples of heterocyclic groups may include C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl, C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl, C6-C 60 Aryl, C1-C 60 Heteroaryl groups, monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic groups, and monovalent non-aromatic fused heterocyclic groups. Divalent C3-C 60 Carbocyclic groups and divalent C1-C 60 Examples of heterocyclic groups may include C3-C 10 Cycloalkylene, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl, C3-C 10 Cycloalkylene, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl, C6-C 60 aryl, C1-C 60 Hypoaryl, divalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic groups and divalent non-aromatic fused heterocyclic groups.

[0537] As used in this article, the term "C1-C" 60 "Alkyl" can be a straight-chain or branched monovalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 60 carbon atoms, and examples may include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, tert-pentyl, neopentyl, isopentyl, sec-pentyl, 3-pentyl, sec-isopentyl, n-hexyl, isohexyl, sec-hexyl, tert-hexyl, n-heptyl, isoheptyl, sec-heptyl, tert-heptyl, n-octyl, isooctyl, sec-octyl, tert-octyl, n-nonyl, isononyl, sec-nonyl, tert-nonyl, n-decyl, isodel, sec-decyl, and tert-decyl, etc. The term "C1-C" as used herein... 60 "alkylene" can be C1-C 60 Alkyl groups have the same structure as divalent groups.

[0538] As used in this article, the term "C2-C" 60 "Alkenyl" can be in C2-C 60 The alkyl group has at least one carbon-carbon double bond at its middle or end, and examples may include vinyl, propenyl, and butenyl groups, etc. As used herein, the term "C2-C" is used... 60 "Alkenyl" can be C2-C 60 Alkenes have divalent groups with the same structure.

[0539] As used in this article, the term "C2-C" 60 "Alkyne group" can be at C2-C 60 The alkyl group has at least one monovalent hydrocarbon group with a carbon-carbon triple bond in the middle or at the end, and examples may include ethynyl and propynyl groups, etc. As used herein, the term "C2-C" is used... 60 "Isynyl group" can be related to C2-C 60 The alkynyl group is a divalent group with the same structure.

[0540] As used in this article, the term "C1-C" 60 "Alkoxy" can be composed of -O(A 101 (where A) 101 Can be C1-C 60 Alkyl groups are monovalent groups, and examples of them may include methoxy, ethoxy, and isopropoxy.

[0541] As used in this article, the term "C3-C" 10 "Cycloalkyl" can be a monovalent saturated hydrocarbon cyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and examples of it may include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, adamantyl, norbornyl (or bicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl), bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl, bicyclo[2.1.1]hexyl, and bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl, etc. The term "C3-C" as used herein... 10 "Cycloalkylene" can be C3-C 10 Cycloalkyl groups have the same divalent structure.

[0542] As used in this article, the term "C1-C" 10 "Heterocyclic alkyl" can be a monovalent cyclic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and further comprising at least one heteroatom as a cyclic atom in addition to the carbon atoms, and examples may include 1,2,3,4-oxatriazolyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, and tetrahydrothiopheneyl, etc. The term "C1-C" as used herein is also used. 10 "Heterocyclic alkyl" can be C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl groups have divalent groups with the same structure.

[0543] As used in this article, the term "C3-C" 10"Cycloalkenyl" can be a monovalent cyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, at least one carbon-carbon double bond in its cyclic structure, and being non-aromatic, and examples may include cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, and cycloheptenyl, etc. As used herein, the term "C3-C" is used in conjunction with this terminology. 10 "Iridylene" can be related to C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl groups are divalent groups with the same structure.

[0544] As used in this article, the term "C1-C" 10 "Heterocyclic alkenyl" can be a monovalent cyclic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, further including at least one heteroatom as a cyclic atom in addition to the carbon atoms, and having at least one double bond in its ring structure. C1-C 10 Examples of heterocyclic alkenyl groups may include 4,5-dihydro-1,2,3,4-oxarizolyl, 2,3-dihydrofuranyl, and 2,3-dihydrothiopheneyl, etc., as used herein by the term "C1-C". 10 "Heterocyclic alkenyl" can be C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl groups are divalent groups with the same structure.

[0545] As used in this article, the term "C6-C" 60 "Aryl" can be a monovalent group in a carbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms, and as used herein in the term "C6-C". 60 "Arylene" can be a divalent group in a carbocyclic aromatic system with 6 to 60 carbon atoms. (C6-C) 60 Examples of aryl groups may include phenyl, pentanenyl, naphthyl, azulel, indole, acenaphthel, phenanthyl, phenanthryl, anthracene, fluoranthyl, triphenylene, pyrene, 1,2-benzophenanthryl, perylene, pentanenyl, heptanenyl, tetraphenyl, framyl, hexaphenyl, pentaphenyl, rubiginyl, myristyl, and ovoleyl, etc. When C6-C 60 Aryl and C6-C 60 When each of the aryl groups comprises two or more rings, the corresponding two or more rings may fused together.

[0546] As used in this article, the term "C1-C" 60 "Heteroaryl" can be a monovalent group of a heterocyclic aromatic system having 1 to 60 carbon atoms and further including at least one heteroatom as a cyclic atom in addition to carbon atoms. As used herein, the term "C1-C" is used in this context. 60 "Hypo-aryl" can be a divalent group in a heterocyclic aromatic system having 1 to 60 carbon atoms, and further including at least one heteroatom as a cyclic atom in addition to carbon atoms. C1-C 60Examples of heteroaryl groups may include pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, quinolinyl, benzoquinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzoisoquinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, benzoquinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, benzoquinazolinyl, cenolinyl, phenanthrolinel, phthalazinyl, and naphthidyl, etc. When C1-C 60 heteroaryl and C1-C 60 When each heteroaryl group comprises two or more rings, the corresponding two or more rings can fused together.

[0547] As used herein, the term "monovalent nonaromatic fused polycyclic group" can refer to a monovalent group having two or more rings fused together, with only carbon atoms (e.g., 8 to 60 carbon atoms) as cyclic atoms, and lacking aromaticity in its molecular structure when considered as a whole. Examples of monovalent nonaromatic fused polycyclic groups may include indenyl, fluorenyl, spirodifluorenyl, benzo[a]fluorenyl, indo[a]phenanthryl, and indo[a]anthrayl, etc. As used herein, the term "divalent nonaromatic fused polycyclic group" can refer to a divalent group having the same structure as a monovalent nonaromatic fused polycyclic group.

[0548] As used herein, the term "monovalent nonaromatic fused heterocyclic group" can be a monovalent group having two or more rings fused together, further including at least one heteroatom as a cyclic atom in addition to carbon atoms (e.g., 1 to 60 carbon atoms), and having no aromaticity in its molecular structure when considered as a whole. Examples of monovalent non-aromatic fused heterocyclic groups may include pyrrole, thiophene, furanyl, indole, benzoindole, naphthoindole, isoindole, benzoisoindole, naphthoisoindole, benzothiophene, benzofuranyl, carbazole, dibenzothiophene, dibenzofuranyl, azacarbazole, azafluorenyl, azadibenzothiophene, azadibenzothiophene, azadibenzofuranyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl Benzopyrazolyl, benzimidazoyl, benzoxazolyl, benzothiazoyl, benzoxadiazolyl, benzothiadiazolyl, imidazopyridyl, imidazopyrimidinyl, imidazotriazinyl, imidazopyrazinyl, imidazopyridazinyl, indolecarbazoyl, indolocarbazoyl, benzofuranocarbazoyl, benzothiophenocarbazoyl, benzothiophenocarbazoyl, benzoindolocarbazoyl, benzocarbazoyl, benzonaphthofuranyl, benzonaphthothiophenyl, benzonaphthothiophenyl, benzofuranodibenzofuranyl, benzofuranodibenzothiophenyl, and benzothiophenodibenzothiophenyl, etc. As used herein, the term "divalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic group" can refer to a divalent group with the same structure as a monovalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic group.

[0549] As used in this article, the term "C6-C" 60 "Aryloxy group" can be composed of -O(A102 (where A) 102 It can be C6-C 60 Aryl) group, and as used herein by the term "C6-C 60 "Arylthio" can be formed by -S(A 103 (where A) 103 It can be C6-C 60 (aryl) represents a group.

[0550] As used in this article, the term "C7-C" 60 "Aryl" can be composed of -(A 104 A 105 (where A) 104 Can be C1-C 54 Alkylene, and A 105 It can be C6-C 59 Aryl) group, and as used herein by the term "C2-C 60 "Heteroarylene" can be composed of -(A 106 (A) 107 (where A) 106 Can be C1-C 59 Alkylene, and A 107 Can be C1-C 59 (Heteroaryl) represents a group.

[0551] As used in this article, the term "C3-C" 60 "Carbocyclic group" includes C3-C 50 carbonyl group, C3-C 40 carbonyl group, C3-C 30 carbonyl group, C3-C 20 carbonyl group or C3-C 10 carbon cyclo group;

[0552] The term "C1-C" 60 "Heterocyclic groups" include C1-C 50 Heterocyclic groups, C1-C 40 Heterocyclic groups, C1-C 30 Heterocyclic groups, C1-C 20 Heterocyclic groups or C1-C 10 Heterocyclic groups;

[0553] The term "C1-C" 60 "alkyl" includes C1-C 50 Alkyl, C1-C 30 Alkyl, C1-C 20 Alkyl or C1-C 10 alkyl;

[0554] The term "C2-C" 60 "Alkenyl" includes C2-C30 alkenyl, C2-C 20 alkenyl or C2-C 10 alkenyl;

[0555] The term "C2-C" 60 "Alkyne group" includes C2-C 30 alkynyl group, C2-C 20 Alkyne group or C2-C 10 alkynyl group;

[0556] The term "C1-C" 60 "Alkoxy" includes C1-C 30 Alkoxy, C1-C 20 Alkoxy or C1-C 10 Alkoxy;

[0557] The term "C6-C" 60 "Aryl" includes C6-C 50 Aryl, C6-C 40 Aryl, C6-C 30 Aryl, C6-C 20 Aryl or C6-C 15 Aryl;

[0558] The term "C1-C" 60 "Heteroary aryl" includes C1-C 50 heteroaryl, C1-C 40 heteroaryl, C1-C 30 heteroaryl, C1-C 20 heteroaryl or C1-C 10 Mixed aromatics;

[0559] "Monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic groups" include C8-C 60 Monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic groups, C8-C 50 Monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic groups, C8-C 40 Monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic groups, C8-C 30 Monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic groups or C8-C 20 Monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic groups;

[0560] The term "monovalent non-aromatic fused heterocyclic group" includes C1-C 60 Monovalent non-aromatic fused heterocyclic groups, C1-C 50 Monovalent non-aromatic fused heterocyclic groups, C1-C 40 Monovalent non-aromatic fused heterocyclic groups, C1-C 30 Monovalent non-aromatic fused heterocyclic groups or C1-C 20 Monovalent non-aromatic fused heterocyclic groups;

[0561] The term "C6-C"60 "Aryloxy groups" include C6-C 50 Aryloxy group, C6-C 40 Aryloxy group, C6-C 30 Aryloxy group, C6-C 20 aryloxy or C6-C 15 aryloxy;

[0562] The term "C6-C" 60 "Arylthio" includes C6-C 50 Arylthio, C6-C 40 Arylthio, C6-C 30 Arylthio, C6-C 20 Aryl thiols or C6-C 15 Arylthio;

[0563] The term "C7-C" 60 "Aryl" includes C7-C 50 Aryl group, C7-C 40 Aryl group, C7-C 30 Aryl group, C7-C 20 Aryl or C7-C 15 Aryl alkyl groups; and

[0564] The term "C2-C" 60 "Heteroaryl" includes C2-C 50 Heteroalkyl, C2-C 40 Heteroalkyl, C2-C 30 Heteroalkyl, C2-C 20 Heteroaryl or C2-C 15 Heteroaryl alkyl groups.

[0565] In the specification, the group "R" 10a "Can be:

[0566] Deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano or nitro;

[0567] Each of the following C1-C that is not substituted or is substituted: 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 Alkyne group or C1-C 60 Alkoxy groups: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, C3-C 60 carbonyl group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C7-C 60 Aryl alkyl, C2-C 60 Heteroaryl, -Si(Q) 11 (Q)12 (Q) 13 -N(Q) 11 (Q) 12 -B(Q) 11 (Q) 12 -C(=O)(Q) 11 -S(=O)2(Q) 11 -P(=O)(Q) 11 (Q) 12 ) or any combination thereof;

[0568] Each of the following C3-Cs that are not substituted or are substituted: 60 carbonyl group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C7-C 60 Aryl or C2-C 60 Heteroalkyl groups: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, C1-C 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 alkynyl group, C1-C 60 Alkoxy, C3-C 60 carbonyl group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C7-C 60 Aryl alkyl, C2-C 60 heteroaryl, -Si(Q) 21 (Q) 22 (Q) 23 -N(Q) 21 (Q) 22 -B(Q) 21 (Q) 22 -C(=O)(Q) 21 -S(=O)2(Q) 21 -P(=O)(Q) 21 (Q) 22 ) or any combination thereof; or

[0569] -Si(Q 31 (Q) 32 (Q) 33 -N(Q) 31 (Q) 32 -B(Q) 31 (Q) 32 -C(=O)(Q) 31 -S(=O)2(Q) 31) or -P(=O)(Q 31 (Q) 32 ).

[0570] In the instruction manual, Q1 to Q3, Q 11 To Q 13 Q 21 To Q 23 and Q 31 To Q 33 Each can be independently: hydrogen; deuterium; -F; -Cl; -Br; -I; hydroxyl; cyano; nitro; or each unsubstituted or replaced by deuterium, -F, cyano, C1-C. 60 Alkyl, C1-C 60 C1-C substituted with alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl or any combination thereof 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 alkynyl group, C1-C 60 Alkoxy, C3-C 60 Carbocyclic or C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group.

[0571] As used herein, the term "heteroatom" can refer to any atom other than carbon and hydrogen. Examples of heteroatoms may include O, S, N, P, Si, B, Ge, Se, and any combination thereof.

[0572] Examples of "transition metals" in the specification may include hafnium (Hf), tantalum (Ta), tungsten (W), rhenium (Re), osmium (Os), iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), and gold (Au).

[0573] In the specification, the term "Ph" refers to phenyl, the term "Me" refers to methyl, the term "Et" refers to ethyl, and the terms "tert-Bu" and "Bu" are used interchangeably. t Each refers to tert-butyl, and the term "OMe" refers to methyl methacrylate (MMA).

[0574] As used herein, the term "biphenyl" can mean "phenyl substituted with a phenyl group." For example, "biphenyl" can refer to a phenyl group having a C6-C ratio. 60 Aryl groups are substituted phenyl groups.

[0575] As used herein, the term "terphenyl" can mean "phenyl substituted with biphenyl." For example, "terphenyl" can be a phenyl compound with a C6-C substituted structure. 60 Aryl-substituted C6-C 60 Aryl groups are substituted phenyl groups.

[0576] In the specification, unless otherwise specified, the symbols *, *' and *" each represent a bonding site with an adjacent atom in the corresponding formula or part.

[0577] In this specification, "integers selected from 0 to 10" refers to integers selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10. The above description of numerical ranges also applies to any other numerical ranges appearing in this specification, such as integers selected from 0 and 1, integers selected from 0 to 2, integers selected from 0 to 3, integers selected from 0 to 4, integers selected from 0 to 5, integers selected from 0 to 6, integers selected from 0 to 7, integers selected from 0 to 8, integers selected from 0 to 9, and integers selected from 0 to 10, etc.

[0578] The compounds and light-emitting devices according to the embodiments will be described in detail below with reference to synthesis examples and embodiments. When describing the synthesis examples, the phrase "using B instead of A" means using the same molar equivalent of B instead of A.

[0579] [Example]

[0580] Example 1

[0581] As the anode, 15Ω / cm 2 ITO glass substrates (available from Corning) are cut to 50mm × 50mm × 0.5mm dimensions, ultrasonicated with isopropanol and pure water for 10 minutes each, and cleaned by exposure to ultraviolet light and ozone for 30 minutes. The resulting glass substrates are then loaded onto a vacuum deposition apparatus.

[0582] HAT-CN is deposited on a substrate to form a structure with... A hole injection layer of a certain thickness is formed, and BCFN is deposited on the hole injection layer to form a hole injection layer with a thickness of [missing information]. A hole transport layer of a certain thickness was formed, and compound 1 was deposited on the hole transport layer to form a hole transport layer with a certain thickness. An electron blocking layer (EBL) of a certain thickness was formed. Compounds HT-03, ET-05, Pt-06, and D-05 were co-deposited on the EBL in a volume ratio of 53:36:10:1 to form an electron blocking layer with… An emitter layer (EML) of a certain thickness was formed. Compound ET-05 was deposited on the emitter layer to form an emitter layer with... A buffer layer (BL) of a certain thickness was formed, and mSiTrz and Liq were co-deposited on the buffer layer at a 1:1 volume ratio to form a buffer layer with a thickness of [missing information]. An electron transport layer of a certain thickness is formed. Yb is deposited on the electron transport layer to form an electron transport layer with... An electron-injected layer of a certain thickness was formed, and Ag and Mg were co-deposited on it at a weight ratio of 9:1 to form a layer with... A cathode of a certain thickness is used to complete the manufacturing of the light-emitting device.

[0583] Examples 2 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3

[0584] Each light-emitting device was manufactured in essentially the same manner as in Example 1, except that, when forming the electron blocking layer, the compounds shown in Table 1 were used instead of compound 1.

[0585] Example 6

[0586] The light-emitting device was manufactured in essentially the same manner as in Example 1, except that, as shown in Table 1, when forming the emitting layer, compounds H10, ET-10, Ir-22, and D-19 were co-deposited in a volume ratio of 53:36:10:1 instead of compounds HT-03, ET-05, Pt-06, and D-05, and when forming the buffer layer, compound ET-10 was used instead of compound ET-05.

[0587] Comparative Example 4

[0588] The light-emitting device was manufactured in essentially the same manner as in Example 6, except that, as shown in Table 1, compound A was used instead of compound 1 when forming the electron blocking layer.

[0589] Comparative Example 5 and Comparative Example 6

[0590] The light-emitting device was manufactured in essentially the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, except that compound 2 and compound 3 were used instead of compound ET-05 when forming the buffer layer.

[0591] Comparative Example 7 and Comparative Example 8

[0592] The light-emitting device was manufactured in essentially the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, except that, as shown in Table 1, compound D and compound E were used instead of compound A when forming the electron blocking layer.

[0593] Using a Keithley MU 236 and a PR650 luminance meter at 10 mA / cm 2 The driving voltage, current efficiency, and lifetime of each of the light-emitting devices of Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 8 were measured at a current density, and the results are shown in Table 1. The lifetime (T95) of each light-emitting device represents the time taken for the brightness to decrease to 95% of the initial brightness of 1,000 nits. The current efficiency and lifetime of each light-emitting device are expressed as relative values ​​to the current efficiency and lifetime of Comparative Example 1.

[0594] [Table 1]

[0595]

[0596]

[0597]

[0598] Referring to Table 1, it can be seen that, compared with the light-emitting devices of Comparative Examples 1 to 4, the light-emitting devices of Examples 1 to 6 have a lifetime improvement of about 20% to about 40% while maintaining substantially the same driving voltage and current efficiency.

[0599] Referring to Table 1, the light-emitting devices of Comparative Examples 5 and 6 (where compound 2 and compound 3 are each used as buffer layers between the emitting layer and the electron transport layer) appear to have a shorter device lifespan than the light-emitting devices of Examples 2 and 3 (where compound 2 and compound 3 are each used as electron blocking layers).

[0600] Referring to Table 1, the light-emitting devices of Comparative Example 7 and Comparative Example 8 (where compound D and compound E are each used in the electron blocking layer and a buffer layer is applied) appear to have a shorter device lifespan than the light-emitting devices of Examples 1 to 6.

[0601] According to the embodiments, the light-emitting device can have low driving voltage, high luminous efficiency and long life, and high-quality electronic devices and electronic equipment can be manufactured by using the light-emitting device.

[0602] Embodiments have been disclosed herein, and although terminology has been used, it is used and interpreted in a general and descriptive sense only and not for limiting purposes. In some instances, features, characteristics, and / or elements described in connection with embodiments may be used alone or in combination with features, characteristics, and / or elements described with reference to other embodiments, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art, unless otherwise specifically indicated. Accordingly, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes in form and detail may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of this disclosure as set forth in the appended claims.

Claims

1. A light-emitting device, comprising: First electrode; The second electrode facing the first electrode; as well as In the interlayer between the first electrode and the second electrode, The interlayer includes: emission layer; as well as In the hole transport region between the first electrode and the emitter layer The emitter layer includes a first body, a second body, a first dopant, and a second dopant. The first component is a hole transport compound. The second component is an electron transport compound. The first dopant is a phosphorescent compound. The second dopant is a fluorescent compound or a delayed fluorescence compound. The hole transport region includes an electron blocking layer adjacent to the emission layer. The electron blocking layer comprises a compound having a minimum excited triplet energy of less than 2.0 eV, and The compounds included in the electron blocking layer include anthracene-naphthalene moiety and deuterium.

2. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the compound included in the electron blocking layer is represented by formula 100: Formula 100 In Equation 100, R 111 To R 113 Each is independently deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, unsubstituted, or modified by at least one R. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Alkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C2-C 60 alkenyl, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C2-C 60 Alkyne group, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Alkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 10 Cycloalkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C6-C 60 aryl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C6-C 60 aryloxy group, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C6-C 60 Aryl thiols, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 heteroaryl, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Substituted monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic groups, unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted monovalent non-aromatic fused heterocyclic groups, -Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), -N(Q1)(Q2), -B(Q1)(Q2), -C(=O)(Q1), -S(=O)2(Q1) or -P(=O)(Q1)(Q2), a111 and a112 are each independent integers selected from 0 to 7. a113 is an integer selected from 0 to 8. At least one of a111 to a113 is not 0, wherein R corresponds to at least one of a111 to a113 that is not 0. 111 To R 113 At least one of them is deuterium. b111 and b112 are each an integer selected independently from 0 and 1. R 10a for: Deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano or nitro; Each of the following C1-C that is not substituted or is substituted: 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 alkynyl or C1-C 60 Alkoxy groups: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, C3-C 60 Carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C7-C 60 Aryl alkyl, C2-C 60 Heteroaryl, -Si(Q) 11 (Q) 12 (Q) 13 -N(Q) 11 (Q) 12 -B(Q) 11 (Q) 12 -C(=O)(Q) 11 -S(=O)2(Q) 11 -P(=O)(Q) 11 (Q) 12 ) or any combination thereof; Each of the following C3-Cs that are not substituted or are substituted: 60 Carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C7-C 60 Aryl or C2-C 60 Heteroalkyl groups: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, C1-C 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 alkynyl group, C1-C 60 Alkoxy, C3-C 60 Carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C7-C 60 Aryl alkyl, C2-C 60 Heteroaryl, -Si(Q) 21 (Q) 22 (Q) 23 -N(Q) 21 (Q) 22 -B(Q) 21 (Q) 22 -C(=O)(Q) 21 -S(=O)2(Q) 21 -P(=O)(Q) 21 (Q) 22 ) or any combination thereof; or -Si(Q 31 )(Q 32 )(Q 33 )、-N(Q 31 )(Q 32 )、-B(Q 31 )(Q 32 )、-C(=O)(Q 31 )、-S(=O)2(Q 31 ) or -P(=O)(Q 31 (Q) 32 ),and Q1 to Q3, Q 11 To Q 13 Q 21 To Q 23 and Q 31 To Q 33 Each of the following is independently: hydrogen; deuterium; -F; -Cl; -Br; -I; hydroxyl; cyano; nitro; or each of the following unsubstituted or substituted groups: deuterium, -F, cyano, C1-C. 60 Alkyl, C1-C 60 C1-C substituted with alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl or any combination thereof 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 alkynyl group, C1-C 60 Alkoxy, C3-C 60 Carbocyclic or C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group.

3. The light-emitting device according to claim 2, wherein the compound represented by formula 100 is a compound represented by one of formulas 100A to 100C: Type 100A Formula 100B Formula 100C In Equations 100A to 100C, R 111 To R 113 Each is independently deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, unsubstituted, or modified by at least one R. 10a Replacement C1-C 10 Alkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 10 Cycloalkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C6-C 20 aryl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 20 heteroaryl, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Substituted monovalent nonaromatic fused polycyclic groups or unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted monovalent non-aromatic fused heterocyclic groups, R 10a for: Deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano or nitro; Unsubstituted or substituted C1-C 10 Alkyl groups: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, or any combination thereof; or Each of the following C3-Cs that are not substituted or are substituted: 20 Carbocyclic or C1-C 20 Heterocyclic groups: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, C1-C 10 Alkyl groups or any combination thereof, and a111, a112, a113, b111, and b112 are the same as those defined in Equation 100.

4. The light-emitting device according to claim 3, wherein in formulas 100A to 100C, R 111 To R 113 Each is independently a deuterium.

5. The light-emitting device according to claim 2, wherein the compound represented by formula 100 is one of compound 1 to compound 5:

6. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, wherein... The hole transport compound does not include an electron transport component, and The electron transport compound includes at least one electron transport component.

7. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the first body and the second body form an excited-state complex.

8. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the first dopant is an organometallic compound containing a transition metal.

9. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the first dopant is an organometallic compound comprising platinum and a tetradentate ligand.

10. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the first dopant is a sensitizer or a phosphorescent compound.

11. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the second dopant is a delayed fluorescence compound in which electron donor groups and electron acceptor groups are bonded to each other.

12. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the second dopant is a boron-based delayed fluorescence compound.

13. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, wherein... The first electrode is the anode, and The second electrode is the cathode.

14. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the hole transport region further comprises a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an emission auxiliary layer, or any combination thereof.

15. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the interlayer further includes an electron transport region between the emitting layer and the second electrode.

16. The light-emitting device according to claim 15, wherein the electron transport region comprises a hole blocking layer, a buffer layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, or any combination thereof.

17. An electronic device comprising a light-emitting device according to any one of claims 1 to 16.

18. The electronic device of claim 17, further comprising: Thin-film transistors, in which The thin-film transistor includes a source electrode and a drain electrode, and The first electrode of the light-emitting device is electrically connected to the source electrode or the drain electrode.

19. The electronic device of claim 17, further comprising: Color filters, color conversion layers, touchscreen layers, polarizing layers, or any combination thereof.

20. An electronic device, comprising: The light-emitting device according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein The electronic devices include flat panel displays, curved displays, computer monitors, medical monitors, televisions, billboards, indoor lights, outdoor lights, signal lights, head-up displays, fully transparent displays, partially transparent displays, flexible displays, rollable displays, foldable displays, retractable displays, laser printers, telephones, mobile phones, tablet computers, tablet PCs, personal digital assistants, wearable devices, laptop computers, digital cameras, camcorders, viewfinders, miniature displays, 3D displays, virtual reality displays, augmented reality displays, vehicles, video walls including multiple displays spliced ​​together, theater screens, stadium screens, light therapy devices, or signs.

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