Organic compound fertilizer suitable for wheat and corn as well as preparation method and application of organic compound fertilizer

Abstract

The invention discloses an organic compound fertilizer suitable for wheat and corn as well as a preparation method and application of the organic compound fertilizer. The organic compound fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 20-30 parts of decomposed straw powder, 10-15 parts of edible fungus residues, 5-8 parts of algae biochar and 0.1-0.3 part of a complex microbial inoculant. The complex microbial inoculant comprises nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate solubilizing bacteria and bacillus subtilis. The compound fertilizer is compounded with the functional microbial inoculum through synergistic fermentation of organic wastes, so that the content of organic matters in soil and the nutrient utilization rate are remarkably increased, and the compound fertilizer has the effects of improving the soil structure and inhibiting soil-borne diseases, and is particularly suitable for dry-farming grain continuous cropping areas.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to an organic compound fertilizer suitable for wheat and corn, and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the field of agricultural technology. BACKGROUND

[0002] The information disclosed in this BACKGROUND section is only for the purpose of providing some understanding of the general background of the present application, and therefore it may not necessarily be considered to be prior art with respect to a patentable claim of the present application.

[0003] The existing chemical fertilizer has the following problems: (1) soil degradation: long-term application of urea, diammonium phosphate and other chemical fertilizers leads to a decrease in soil pH value and a decrease in organic matter content to below 1.0%; (2) nutrient imbalance: potassium deficiency (soil available potassium <100 mg / kg) often occurs in the late growth period of corn, and the fixed ratio of traditional fertilizers (such as 15-15-15) cannot dynamically meet the crop demand.

[0004] The limitations of traditional organic fertilizer include: (1) single raw material: most of the commercially available organic fertilizers use pure livestock and poultry manure, which has a low cellulose content (<15%) and is difficult to improve the soil aggregate structure; (2) incomplete composting: incompletely composted organic fertilizer can easily cause wheat root rot (the incidence increases by 23%); (3) heavy metal risk: the copper content in pig manure source organic fertilizer is generally over the standard limit (measured value 35-50 mg / kg, exceeding the national standard limit 30 mg / kg).

[0005] In addition, the wheat-corn rotation system also has the following problems: (1) nutrient contradiction: wheat requires high nitrogen (N≥180 kg / ha), while corn requires high potassium (K2O≥120 kg / ha), and existing fertilizers cannot meet both requirements; (2) poor availability of organic fertilizer: the nitrogen release rate of ordinary organic fertilizer during the large trumpet stage of corn is only 0.8 mg / kg·d (lower than the critical value 1.2 mg / kg·d), resulting in poor effect of topdressing. SUMMARY

[0006] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, a preparation method and application of an organic compound fertilizer suitable for wheat and corn are provided.

[0007] The technical solutions adopted by the present application are as follows: In a first aspect of the present application, an organic compound fertilizer suitable for wheat and corn is provided, which is made from the following ingredients by weight: livestock and poultry manure 40-60 parts, straw powder 20-30 parts, edible mushroom residue 10-15 parts, algal biochar 5-8 parts, and compound microbial agent 0.1-0.3 parts.

[0008] In one or some embodiments of the present application, the livestock and poultry manure is composed of chicken manure and cow manure, and the mass ratio of the two is (3~6):(1:~3).

[0009] In one or some embodiments of the present application, the straw powder is composed of wheat straw powder and corn straw powder, with a mass ratio of (1-2):(1-2).

[0010] In one or some embodiments of the present application, the edible mushroom residue is the waste mushroom stick or mushroom brick after picking up agaricus bisporus, lentinula edodes and / or pleurotus ostreatus, usually containing incomplete degradation of culture medium (such as straw, sawdust) and residual mycelium.

[0011] In one or some embodiments of the present application, the algal biochar is prepared by the following method: The algae (such as green algae, spirulina, enteromorpha, strong hair algae, kelp, seaweed) are cleaned to remove impurities, naturally air-dried or low-temperature dried, and then pyrolyzed at 500-850℃ for 3-5h to obtain algal biochar.

[0012] In one or some embodiments of the present application, the composite microbial agent is composed of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria and bacillus subtilis, with a live bacteria quantity ratio of (1-2):(2-4):(1-2), and a total live bacteria number of 8-10×10 9 CFU / g. The nitrogen-fixing bacteria are azotobacter chroococcum Azotobacter chroococcum BMZ129414, the phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria are bacillus megaterium Bacillus megaterium CICC 21580, and the bacillus subtilis is bacillus subtilis Bacillus subtilis CICC10732, which can be obtained by commercial purchase.

[0013] In the second aspect of the present application, a preparation method of the organic composite fertilizer suitable for wheat and corn is provided, which comprises the following steps: (1) Raw material pretreatment: Mixing livestock and poultry manure, straw powder and edible mushroom residue, and adding 2-4w / w% calcium superphosphate for heavy metal passivation; (2) Sectional fermentation: First stage fermentation: high temperature fermentation at 50-55℃ for 5-8 days; Second stage fermentation: medium temperature fermentation at 30-40℃ for 15-20 days, and adding a composite microbial agent; (3) Post-treatment: Mixing the fermentation product with algal biochar to granulate (particle size 2-4mm); low-temperature drying to a water content of ≤15w / w%.

[0014] In one or some embodiments of the present application, in step (2), the first stage fermentation, the turning frequency is once every 36-48 hours.

[0015] In the third aspect of the present application, the organic compound fertilizer is applied in a wheat-corn rotation system.

[0016] Compared with the related art known to the present inventors, one of the technical solutions of the present application has the following beneficial effects: Dynamic nutrient release: control the nitrogen release rate through the pore structure of the biochar to match the high fertilizer demand peak of wheat at the jointing stage; Heavy metal control: the fixation efficiency of algal biochar on Cd and Pb is more than 85%; Soil improvement: chitin in edible mushroom residue promotes the proliferation of soil actinomycetes. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the present application. Unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the present application belongs.

[0018] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, and furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in the specification, there is a presence of the features, steps, operations and / or combinations thereof.

[0019] In order to enable those skilled in the art to more clearly understand the technical solutions of the present application, the technical solutions of the present application will be described in detail below with specific examples.

[0020] Example 1 An organic compound fertilizer suitable for wheat and corn is made from the following ingredients: 45 kg of chicken manure, 15 kg of cow dung, 10 kg of wheat straw powder, 10 kg of corn straw powder, 12 kg of pleurotus ostreatus residue, 6 kg of seaweed biochar, and 0.2 kg of compound microbial agent.

[0021] The seaweed biochar is obtained by the following method: washing the seaweed to remove impurities, drying at low temperature, and then pyrolyzing at 650°C for 4h to obtain seaweed biochar.

[0022] The compound microbial agent is composed of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria and Bacillus subtilis, with a live bacteria quantity ratio of 1:2:1 and a total live bacteria count of 8x10 9 CFU / g. The nitrogen-fixing bacteria are Azotobacter chroococcum Azotobacter chroococcum BMZ129414, the phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria are Bacillus megaterium Bacillus megaterium CICC21580, and the Bacillus subtilis is Bacillus subtilis.Bacillus subtilis CICC 10732, all of which are commercially available.

[0023] The preparation method of the organic compound fertilizer suitable for wheat and corn includes the following steps: (1) Raw material pretreatment: Mix livestock and poultry manure, straw powder and edible mushroom residue, and add 2 w / w% calcium superphosphate for heavy metal passivation; (2) Subsection fermentation: First stage fermentation: high temperature fermentation at 50℃ for 6 days, with turning frequency of once every 36 hours; Second stage fermentation: medium temperature fermentation at 35℃ for 15 days, with addition of compound microbial agent; (3) Post-treatment: Mix the fermentation product with algal biochar to granulate (particle size 2-4mm); low-temperature drying to moisture content ≤15 w / w%.

[0024] Example 2 An organic compound fertilizer suitable for wheat and corn is made from the following ingredients: chicken manure 25kg, cow manure 20kg, wheat straw powder 10kg, corn straw powder 15kg, shiitake mushroom residue 12kg, spirulina biochar 7kg, and compound microbial agent 0.3kg.

[0025] The spirulina biochar is prepared by the following method: spirulina is washed to remove impurities, low-temperature dried, and then pyrolyzed at 600℃ for 5h to obtain spirulina biochar.

[0026] The compound microbial agent is composed of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria and Bacillus subtilis, with a live bacteria quantity ratio of 1:3:2, and a total live bacteria count of 9×10 9 CFU / g. The nitrogen-fixing bacteria are Azotobacter chroococcum Azotobacter chroococcum BMZ 129414, the phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria are Bacillus megaterium Bacillus megaterium CICC 21580, and the Bacillus subtilis is Bacillus subtilis var. natto Bacillus subtilis CICC 10732.

[0027] The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1.

[0028] Example 3 An organic compound fertilizer suitable for wheat and corn is made from the following ingredients: chicken manure 35kg, cow manure 25kg, wheat straw powder 10kg, corn straw powder 15kg, Pleurotus eryngii residue 12kg, green algal biochar 7kg, and compound microbial agent 0.15kg.

[0029] The green algal biochar is prepared by the following method: green algae is washed to remove impurities, low-temperature dried, and then pyrolyzed at 700℃ for 3.5h to obtain green algal biochar.

[0030] The complex microbial agent is composed of Azotobacter, Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria and Bacillus subtilis, the ratio of the number of viable bacteria is 1:3:2, and the total number of viable bacteria is 9x10 9 CFU / g. The Azotobacter is Azotobacter chroococcum Azotobacter chroococcum BMZ129414, the Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria is Bacillus megaterium Bacillus megaterium CICC21580, and the Bacillus subtilis is Bacillus subtilis var. natto Bacillus subtilis CICC10732.

[0031] The preparation method is the same as that in Example 1.

[0032] Experimental example In 2023-2024, the experiment was carried out in the experimental field of Crop Research Institute of Shandong Agricultural Academy. The winter wheat in this example was sown immediately after the corn was harvested on October 3, 2023. The corn was sown on June 8. The yield was harvested after maturity on October 4.

[0033] The fertilizer was applied at the jointing stage of wheat and the big trumpet stage of corn, and the recommended application amount was 150 kg per mu for wheat and 150 kg per mu for corn. The fertilizer was the fertilizer in Example 1 or a traditional fertilizer (the traditional fertilizer included: chemical fertilizer and matured livestock and poultry manure with a mass ratio of 1:1).

[0034] The wheat yield, corn yield, soil porosity and heavy metal content were investigated, counted and calculated, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0035] Wheat yield Corn yield Soil porosity Heavy metal content Traditional fertilizer 525 kg / acre 614 kg / acre 50.7% Cd: 0.23 mg / kg, Pb: 0.16 mg / kg Example 1 585 kg / acre 737 kg / acre 58.3% Cd < 0.2 mg / kg, Pb < 0.15 mg / kg The above examples are the preferred embodiments of the present application, but the embodiments of the present application are not limited by the above examples, and any changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations and simplifications made without departing from the spirit and principles of the present application should be equivalent replacement methods, and are all included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. An organic compound fertilizer suitable for wheat and corn, characterized in that, The organic compound fertilizer is made of the following ingredients by weight: livestock and poultry manure 40-60 parts, straw powder 20-30 parts, edible mushroom residue 10-15 parts, algal biochar 5-8 parts, and compound microbial agent 0.1-0.3 parts.

2. The organic compound fertilizer for wheat and corn according to claim 1, characterized in that, The livestock and poultry manure is composed of chicken manure and cow manure, and the mass ratio of the two is (3-6):(1-3).

3. The organic compound fertilizer for wheat and corn according to claim 1, characterized in that, The straw powder is composed of wheat straw powder and corn straw powder, and the mass ratio of the two is (1-2):(1-2).

4. The organic compound fertilizer for wheat and corn according to claim 1, characterized in that, The edible mushroom residue is the waste mushroom stick or mushroom brick after picking up apricot pines, shiitake mushrooms and / or oyster mushrooms.

5. The organic compound fertilizer for wheat and corn according to claim 1, characterized in that, The algal biochar is obtained by the following method: The algae is cleaned to remove impurities, naturally air-dried or low-temperature dried, then pyrolyzed at 500-850℃ for 3-5h to obtain the algal biochar.

6. The organic compound fertilizer for wheat and corn according to claim 1, characterized in that, The complex microbial agent is composed of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphorus solubilizing bacteria and bacillus subtilis, and the ratio of live bacteria quantity is (1-2):(2-4):(1-2), and the total live bacteria quantity is 8-10×10 9 CFU / g.

7. The organic compound fertilizer for wheat and corn according to claim 1, characterized in that, The nitrogen-fixing bacteria is Azotobacter chroococcum Azotobacter chroococcum BMZ129414, the phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria is Bacillus megaterium Bacillus megaterium CICC21580, the Bacillus subtilis is Bacillus subtilis Bacillus subtilis CICC10732.

8. The method for preparing the organic compound fertilizer for wheat and corn according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: (1) Raw material pretreatment: Mix the livestock and poultry manure, straw powder and edible mushroom residue, and add 2-4w / w% calcium superphosphate for heavy metal passivation; (2) Step-by-step fermentation: First stage fermentation: high-temperature fermentation at 50-55℃ for 5-8 days; Second stage fermentation: medium-temperature fermentation at 30-40℃ for 15-20 days, and add compound microbial agent; (3) Post-treatment: Mix the fermentation product with algal biochar and granulate; low-temperature drying to ≤15w / w% moisture content.

9. The method for preparing organic compound fertilizer for wheat and corn according to claim 8, characterized in that, In step (2), in the first stage fermentation, the turning frequency is once every 36-48 hours.

10. The organic compound fertilizer of claim 9 for use in a wheat-corn rotation system.