Structural physical simulation test device and method for multidirectional convergence process of plates

Abstract

The invention relates to a structural physical simulation test device and method for a multidirectional convergence process of plates. Comprising a transparent cylinder, an adjusting mechanism, a feeding and discharging adjusting mechanism and an information collecting system, silica gel is injected into the transparent cylinder to form a silica gel layer simulating a soft flow ring, a rigid block is arranged on the silica gel layer, the adjusting mechanism is installed on the transparent cylinder and connected with the rigid block, and the adjusting mechanism is used for driving the rigid block to conduct adaptive adjusting movement at multiple angles. The feeding and discharging adjusting mechanism is connected with the transparent barrel and used for adjusting the injection amount and the extraction amount of the silica gel in the transparent barrel in real time, and the information collecting system is arranged in the transparent barrel. Through the synergistic effect of the transparent cylinder, the multi-angle adjusting mechanism, the silica gel flow dynamic control system and the multi-layer pressure monitoring system, accurate simulation and real-time data acquisition of a three-dimensional stress field in the multi-plate convergence process are achieved, and the complex geological process of multi-direction convergence of the East Asian mainland can be truly represented.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of geological structural physical simulation experimental equipment, and in particular to a structural physical simulation experimental device for plate convergence processes. Background Technology

[0002] During the Mesozoic Era, particularly from the Jurassic to the Cretaceous, East Asia underwent a complex process of plate convergence. The Siberian Block compressed southward, the Lhasa Block converged and accreted northeastward, and the Pacific Plate subducted westward, forming a multi-plate subduction and collision system centered on China. This geological process, known as the "multi-directional convergence of the East Asian continent," not only caused significant thickening and intense deformation of the East Asian lithosphere, forming ancient "plateaus" on the eastern and northern continental margins, but also triggered lithosphere thinning and craton destruction in the Early Cretaceous, ultimately leading to the collapse of these ancient "plateaus." This series of geological processes has had a profound impact on the crustal evolution, mineral resource distribution, and geological hazard formation of East Asia, and is currently one of the important frontiers and hot topics in Earth science research.

[0003] Structural physics simulation experiments are an important tool for studying such complex geological processes. Through sandbox simulations, utilizing the similarity principles of geometry, kinematics, and dynamics, the scientific co-evolution of the Earth system during multi-directional plate convergence can be effectively inverted. However, existing physical simulation experimental devices have significant limitations: First, most existing devices can only simulate plate convergence under unidirectional or bidirectional compression environments, failing to realistically reproduce the complex tectonic environment of multiple plates acting simultaneously; second, they lack the ability to simulate multi-directional plate compression or extension processes at the lithosphere scale; and third, existing devices struggle to achieve real-time monitoring and data acquisition of pressure changes during plate movement. These technical deficiencies severely restrict in-depth research on the major geological process of the "East Asian Convergence," and also limit the acquisition and application of relevant experimental data.

[0004] To address the aforementioned issues, existing technologies urgently need improvement. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide a structural physics simulation test device for the multi-directional convergence process of tectonic plates, as well as its adjustment mechanism, feed adjustment mechanism and information acquisition system. It has the technical effects of being able to realistically simulate the complex tectonic environment in which multiple tectonic plates act simultaneously, realize the dynamic simulation of the multi-directional compression or extension process of tectonic plates at the lithosphere scale, and monitor pressure changes in real time.

[0006] This application provides a structural physics simulation experimental device for plate multidirectional convergence processes, the technical solution of which is as follows: including A transparent cylindrical body; the interior of the transparent cylindrical body is filled with silicone to form a silicone layer that simulates a soft coil, and a rigid ground block is provided on the silicone layer; An adjustment mechanism is installed on the transparent cylinder and connected to the rigid block. The adjustment mechanism is used to drive the rigid block to make adaptive adjustment and movement at multiple angles. The adjustment mechanism is connected to a PLC. The inlet and outlet adjustment mechanism is connected to the transparent cylinder and is used to adjust the amount of silicone injected and extracted in real time, thereby simulating the thickening or thinning process of the soft fluid ring. An information acquisition system is installed inside the transparent cylinder to monitor the pressure changes of the rigid block during adjustment and dynamic changes in the silica gel flow rate, thereby simulating various situations.

[0007] Furthermore, the adjustment mechanism includes a drive frame, inside which are installed track wheels that can be fitted into the edge of the transparent cylinder. Inside the drive frame are also installed lateral auxiliary wheels for fitting against the inner and outer walls of the transparent cylinder. The track wheels are connected to a drive motor for driving the track wheels to roll on the edge of the transparent cylinder, thereby driving the moving frame to move the rigid block.

[0008] Furthermore, the adjustment mechanism also includes a lateral adjustment cylinder and a longitudinal adjustment cylinder. The longitudinal adjustment cylinder is vertically mounted on the drive frame and connected to the lateral adjustment cylinder. The lateral adjustment cylinder is connected to the rigid block. The lateral adjustment cylinder is used to provide compressive or tensile stress, and the longitudinal adjustment cylinder is used to adaptively adjust in the vertical direction according to changes inside the transparent cylinder.

[0009] Furthermore, the adjustment mechanism also includes a transverse rotary cylinder and a longitudinal rotary cylinder. The longitudinal rotary cylinder is installed on the side wall of the drive frame. The longitudinal rotary cylinder is connected to a longitudinal adjustment cylinder. The longitudinal adjustment cylinder is connected to the transverse rotary cylinder. The transverse rotary cylinder is connected to a transverse adjustment cylinder. The transverse adjustment cylinder is connected to the rigid block, so that the rigid block can be adjusted in displacement and angle in the vertical and horizontal directions.

[0010] Furthermore, an angle adjustment motor is installed at the drive end of the transverse rotary cylinder, and the transverse adjustment cylinder is installed on the output shaft of the angle adjustment motor.

[0011] Furthermore, a sand and gravel layer is laid between the rigid blocks along the upper side of the silicone layer. The sand and gravel layer is used to simulate the East Asian continent. There are three sets of rigid blocks, which are used to simulate the Siberian block, the Lhasa block and the Pacific plate, respectively.

[0012] Furthermore, the feed / infeed adjustment mechanism includes: Silicone storage tank A hot melt adhesive pump, which is connected to the silicone storage tank via a pipeline, and an electromagnetic flow meter is installed on the pipeline through which the adhesive flows. The first three-way solenoid valve has its inlet connected to the hot melt adhesive pump via a pipe, and its outlet connected to the transparent cylinder at one end, while the outlet at the other end is connected to a pipe extending upwards. The second three-way solenoid valve has its inlet connected to the outlet of the first three-way solenoid valve via a pipe. One outlet is connected to the transparent cylinder, and the other outlet is connected to the pipe extending upwards. The third three-way solenoid valve has its inlet connected to the outlet of the second three-way solenoid valve via a pipe. One outlet is connected to the transparent cylinder, and the other outlet is connected to the side wall of the transparent cylinder at a higher position via a pipe extending upwards.

[0013] Furthermore, electromagnetic flow meters are installed on the pipes of the silicone storage tank and the hot melt adhesive pump to control the silicone flow rate in real time, and then the drive motor and regulating cylinder are controlled by the PLC.

[0014] Furthermore, the information collection system includes The wire mesh is arranged at different heights inside the transparent cylinder. The wire mesh includes a horizontally arranged crisscrossing wire mesh, with installation positions formed at the intersections of the wires. A first pressure sensor, and several first pressure sensors are inserted and installed along the mounting position to detect pressure changes at different internal heights and horizontal positions.

[0015] Furthermore, the information acquisition system also includes a second pressure sensor, which is provided in several groups and is respectively set on the side and bottom of the rigid block, for monitoring the pressure change of the rigid block during the movement of the rigid block or the change of the amount of silicone inside the transparent cylinder.

[0016] Furthermore, an experimental method for simulating multidirectional plate convergence processes is characterized by comprising the following steps: S1: Silicone is injected into the inside of the transparent cylinder to form a silicone layer that simulates a soft coil, and multiple sets of rigid blocks are set on the upper surface of the silicone layer; S2: The PLC controls the adjustment mechanism to drive each rigid block to perform multi-angle displacement, rotation and pitch angle adjustment in the horizontal plane, simulating the squeezing, stretching and rotational motion between the blocks; S3: The amount of silicone injected or extracted is controlled in real time by the inlet / outlet adjustment mechanism, and the thickness of the silicone layer is dynamically adjusted to simulate the thickening or thinning process of the soft flow ring. S4: Using a wire mesh sensor array arranged at different heights inside the transparent cylinder, and pressure sensors installed on the sides and bottom of the rigid block, the pressure distribution inside the silicone layer and the stress changes of the rigid block are monitored simultaneously. S5: Based on the driving parameters of steps (2)-(4) and the real-time collected stress data, reconstruct the three-dimensional stress field evolution model in the multi-directional convergence process of the plate.

[0017] As can be seen from the above, this application provides a structural physics simulation test device for the multi-directional convergence process of tectonic plates, as well as its adjustment mechanism, feed adjustment mechanism, and information acquisition system. Through the synergistic effect of the transparent cylinder, multi-angle adjustment mechanism, silicone flow dynamic control system, and multi-layer pressure monitoring system, it realizes the accurate simulation of the three-dimensional stress field and real-time data acquisition during the convergence process of multiple tectonic plates. It can realistically reproduce the complex geological process of multi-directional convergence of the East Asian continent and solve the technical problem of the inability to simulate multi-directional extrusion environment and monitor pressure changes in real time in the prior art. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The above and other objects, features and advantages of this application will become more apparent from the more detailed description of exemplary embodiments thereof in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein the same reference numerals generally represent the same components in the exemplary embodiments thereof.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a top view shown in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure shown in the embodiments of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the feed / discharge adjustment mechanism shown in the embodiments of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the adjustment mechanism shown in the embodiments of this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of an information collection system shown in an embodiment of this application.

[0020] Figure label: 1-Transparent cylinder, 11-Rigid ground, 12-Sand and gravel layer, 13-Silicone layer; 2-Infeed / outfeed regulating mechanism, 21-Silicone storage tank, 22-Hot melt adhesive pump, 23-First three-way solenoid valve, 24-Second three-way solenoid valve, 25-Third three-way solenoid valve, 26-Electromagnetic flow meter; 3-Adjustment mechanism, 31-Drive frame, 311-Rail wheel, 312-Side auxiliary wheel, 32-Drive motor, 33-Longitudinal adjustment cylinder, 34-Transverse rotation cylinder, 35-Angle adjustment motor, 36-Transverse adjustment cylinder, 37-Longitudinal rotation cylinder; 4-Information acquisition system, 41-Wire mesh, 42-First pressure sensor, 43-Second pressure sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of the embodiments. The components of this application described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of this application provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but merely represents selected embodiments of this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following drawings indicate similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent drawings. Furthermore, in the description of this application, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0022] In existing technologies, structural physics simulation experimental devices mostly employ unidirectional or bidirectional compression modes, making it difficult to reproduce the complex geological environment of multi-plate convergence. Traditional sandbox devices can only achieve stress loading in a single direction, failing to simultaneously simulate the thickening and thinning processes of the lithosphere and multidirectional dynamic coupling, leading to discrepancies between experimental data and actual geological evolution. For example, during the Mesozoic era, East Asia was subjected to multidirectional compression from the Siberian Block, the Lhasa Block, and the Pacific Plate. Existing devices cannot simultaneously simulate the synergistic effects of three dynamic sources, limiting research on the correlation between deep geodynamic processes and shallow responses.

[0023] To address these challenges, researchers discovered that multi-directional dynamic loading mechanisms and dynamic changes in the asthenosphere are key to simulating plate convergence. Traditional unidirectional drive mechanisms cannot achieve multi-angle displacement adjustment of rigid blocks, necessitating the development of mechanical structures with three-dimensional motion capabilities. Changes in the thickness of the silica layer directly affect the stress distribution in the lithosphere, requiring the design of a real-time flow control system. Furthermore, the lack of dynamic monitoring of the pressure field during experiments prevents the quantification of tectonic responses, necessitating the construction of a multi-dimensional data acquisition system. Based on these findings, the inventors proposed achieving multi-directional motion of rigid blocks through a modular drive mechanism, combining it with a silica injection and extraction system to simulate asthenosphere evolution, and integrating a pressure sensing network to capture stress field changes.

[0024] like Figure 1-5As shown, this application proposes an experimental apparatus including a transparent cylinder 1, an adjustment mechanism 3, an inlet / outlet adjustment mechanism 32, and an information acquisition system 4. Silicone is injected into the transparent cylinder 1 to form a silicone layer 13 simulating a soft fluid coil, and a rigid block 11 is placed on the silicone layer 13. The adjustment mechanism 3 is installed on the transparent cylinder 1 and connected to the rigid block 11, driving it to move adaptively at multiple angles. The inlet / outlet adjustment mechanism 32 is connected to the transparent cylinder 1 to adjust the amount of silicone injected and extracted. The information acquisition system 4 monitors the pressure changes when the rigid block 11 moves and the silicone flow rate changes.

[0025] The transparent cylinder 1 refers to a cylindrical container made of transparent material, such as acrylic or tempered glass, to facilitate observation of the internal deformation process. The silicone layer 13 refers to a high-viscosity silicone material filled at the bottom of the cylinder, which can be made of room temperature vulcanizing silicone rubber, with rheological properties similar to those of a soft coil. The regulating mechanism 3 is a multi-degree-of-freedom drive device composed of a motor and cylinder, specifically a combination of a track wheel 311 and a rotary cylinder, controlled by a PLC to achieve three-dimensional movement of the rigid block 11. The inlet / outlet regulating mechanism 32 is a fluid control system including a solenoid valve and a flow meter, specifically a three-way solenoid valve linked with a hot melt adhesive pump 22 to precisely control the silicone injection and extraction rates. The information acquisition system 4 is a monitoring network composed of pressure sensors, specifically a wire mesh 41 equipped with distributed sensors to capture pressure data at different depths in real time.

[0026] Specifically, the transparent cylinder 1 serves as the experimental container, supporting the silicone layer 13 and the rigid ground block 11. The thickness of the silicone layer 13 is dynamically adjusted by the inlet / outlet adjustment mechanism 32 to simulate the thickening or thinning of the soft fluid ring. Three sets of adjustment mechanisms 3 correspond to different rigid ground blocks 11, achieving horizontal displacement by moving along the edge of the cylinder via track wheels 311, adjusting the force angle by rotating cylinders, and providing compressive or tensile stress by lateral and longitudinal cylinders. When simulating the subduction of the Pacific Plate, the corresponding adjustment mechanism 3 drives the rigid ground block 11 to move westward and applies a subduction angle; when simulating the convergence of the Lhasa Plate, another set of mechanisms controls the block to move northeastward. The thickness change of the silicone layer 13 is achieved by switching the injection and extraction paths via a three-way solenoid valve, and the electromagnetic flowmeter 26 provides real-time data feedback to the PLC. The wire mesh 41 is arranged in layers within the silicone layer 13, with pressure sensors installed at the intersections to synchronously monitor the vertical stress changes and lateral compressive stress distribution caused by the movement of the rigid ground block 11.

[0027] Compared to existing technologies, traditional devices use fixed-direction hydraulic cylinders to apply stress. This solution achieves 360-degree force direction adjustment through a combination of track wheels 311 and rotary cylinders, simultaneously simulating the dynamic effects of three plates in different directions. Existing technologies simulate lithosphere changes by manually increasing or decreasing the sand layer thickness, while this solution achieves programmed and precise control of the silicone layer 13 thickness through a solenoid valve linkage system. Conventional devices only place sensors on the model surface, while this solution establishes a three-dimensional sensor network inside the silicone layer 13, capable of capturing the deep stress transmission process.

[0028] Through the aforementioned technical solution, this application achieves a three-dimensional dynamic simulation of the multi-plate convergence process, precisely controlling the stress loading angle and duration in each direction, and simultaneously recording asthenospheric thickness changes and stress field response data. The experimental setup can reproduce the synergistic effects of the southward compression of the Siberian Block, the northeastward convergence of the Lhasa Block, and the westward subduction of the Pacific Plate. By quantifying the stress distribution characteristics of different tectonic stages through a pressure sensor network, it provides high-precision experimental data support for studying the mechanisms of lithospheric thickening and thinning.

[0029] This application further proposes that the adjustment mechanism 3 includes a drive frame 31, inside which a track wheel 311 is installed that can be fitted into the edge of the transparent cylinder 1. Inside the drive frame 31, a lateral auxiliary wheel 312 is also installed for fitting against the inner and outer walls of the transparent cylinder 1. The track wheel 311 is connected to a drive motor 32 for driving the track wheel 311 to roll on the edge of the transparent cylinder 1, thereby driving the moving frame to move the rigid block 11.

[0030] The drive frame 31 is a support structure that carries the track wheel 311 and the lateral auxiliary wheel 312. It can be a welded metal frame used to fix the relative positions of the track wheel 311 and the lateral auxiliary wheel 312. The track wheel 311 is a rolling component located along the edge of the transparent cylinder 1. It can be a nylon wheel with grooves, which engages with the edge of the cylinder to achieve rolling contact. The lateral auxiliary wheel 312 is a limiting component distributed on both sides of the drive frame 31. It can be a rubber wheel, which uses its elastic material to conform to the inner and outer walls of the cylinder to counteract lateral displacement. The drive motor 32 is a power output device, which can be a stepper motor that drives the track wheel 311 to rotate via gear transmission.

[0031] Specifically, the drive frame 31 achieves horizontal displacement through rolling contact between the track wheel 311 and the edge of the transparent cylinder 1. The lateral auxiliary wheel 312 clamps the drive frame 31 against the inner and outer walls of the cylinder, preventing tilting or deviation during movement. The drive motor 32 transmits rotational power to the track wheel 311 via a gear set, causing the drive frame 31 to move along a circular path along the edge of the cylinder, thereby driving the rigid block 11 to perform multi-angle position adjustments. The grooved structure of the track wheel 311 restricts its rolling to a specific track along the edge of the cylinder, ensuring the stability of the movement trajectory.

[0032] Compared with existing technologies, traditional experimental devices only drive the rigid block 11 to move in one direction using a cylinder or guide rail, which cannot achieve continuous adjustment at multiple angles. This solution uses the rolling engagement of the track wheel 311 with the edge of the cylinder to enable the drive frame 31 to move freely along a circular path. Combined with the limiting effect of the lateral auxiliary wheel 312, the degree of freedom of movement of the rigid block 11 is expanded while ensuring stability.

[0033] Through the above technical solution, this application achieves continuous displacement adjustment of the rigid block 11 at any angle in the horizontal plane, which can more realistically simulate the dynamic process of multi-directional compression during plate convergence. The synergistic effect of the lateral auxiliary wheel 312 and the track wheel 311 effectively suppresses the vibration and offset of the drive frame 31 during movement, improving the accuracy of experimental data. The precise control of the drive motor 32 allows for programmable adjustment of the moving speed and position of the rigid block 11, providing controllable physical conditions for simulating complex geological movements.

[0034] This application further proposes that the adjustment mechanism 3 includes a lateral adjustment cylinder 36 and a longitudinal adjustment cylinder 33. The longitudinal adjustment cylinder 33 is vertically mounted on the drive frame 31 and is connected to the lateral adjustment cylinder 36. The lateral adjustment cylinder 36 is connected to the rigid block 11. The lateral adjustment cylinder 36 is used to provide compressive or tensile stress, and the longitudinal adjustment cylinder 33 is used to make adaptive adjustments in the vertical direction according to the changes inside the transparent cylinder 1. The lateral adjustment cylinder 36 points to the center position of the transparent cylinder 1.

[0035] The transverse adjustment cylinder 36 is a pneumatic actuator arranged horizontally. Specifically, it can be a double-acting cylinder combined with a pneumatic control system to adjust the push-pull force, simulating horizontal compression or tension forces between plates. The longitudinal adjustment cylinder 33 is a pneumatic actuator arranged vertically. Specifically, it can be a stroke-adjustable cylinder combined with a displacement sensor to achieve dynamic height compensation, adapting to height differences on the support surface caused by variations in the thickness of the silicone layer 13. The drive frame 31 is the moving base supporting the adjustment mechanism 3. Specifically, it can be an aluminum alloy frame structure equipped with track wheels 311, used to enable the rigid block 11 to move in a plane along the edge of the transparent cylinder 1. The center position of the transparent cylinder 1 refers to the geometric center point of the cylinder's cross-section. Specifically, the axial direction of the transverse adjustment cylinder 36 can be calibrated using a laser positioning device to ensure that the stress application direction always points towards the convergence center.

[0036] Specifically, the longitudinal adjusting cylinder 33 adjusts the installation height of the lateral adjusting cylinder 36 through vertical telescopic movement. For example, when the silicone layer 13 undergoes volume changes due to injection or extraction, the longitudinal adjusting cylinder 33 can automatically compensate for the vertical displacement of the rigid block 11 support surface. The lateral adjusting cylinder 36 extends and retracts in the horizontal plane in a direction pointing towards the center. For example, its thrust and stroke length are controlled by a preset program to simulate the compressive or tensile stress during the slab convergence process. The drive frame 31 moves along the edge of the transparent cylinder 1 via the track wheels 311. For example, under the control of the drive motor 32, it drives the rigid block 11 to perform planar displacement. At the same time, the angle of the lateral adjusting cylinder 36 is constrained by the center direction to maintain the consistency of the convergence direction.

[0037] Compared with existing technologies, traditional experimental devices typically employ single-direction cylinders or fixed-angle drive mechanisms, which can only achieve unidirectional pushing or fixed-track movement. This solution, through the combined movement of longitudinal and transverse cylinders, enables the application of multi-angle stress to the rigid block 11 based on vertical height compensation. For example, it can maintain the directional accuracy of horizontal stress even when the silicone layer 13 dynamically changes, overcoming the technical limitation of traditional devices that cannot adapt to fluctuations in the height of the support surface.

[0038] Through the above technical solution, this application can simultaneously address the contradiction between the thickness change of the silicone layer 13 and the control of the plate convergence direction. For example, when the asthenosphere thickens and the support surface rises, the longitudinal adjustment cylinder 33 can adjust the height of the rigid block 11 in real time, while the transverse adjustment cylinder 36 continuously applies horizontal stress pointing towards the center, thereby accurately simulating the coupling process of lithosphere thickening and plate convergence.

[0039] This application further proposes that the adjustment mechanism 3 includes a transverse rotary cylinder 34 and a longitudinal rotary cylinder. The longitudinal rotary cylinder 37 is installed on the side wall of the drive frame 31. The longitudinal rotary cylinder 37 is connected to the longitudinal adjustment cylinder 33. The longitudinal adjustment cylinder 33 is connected to the transverse rotary cylinder 34. The transverse rotary cylinder 34 is connected to the transverse adjustment cylinder 36. The transverse adjustment cylinder 36 is connected to the rigid block 11, so that the rigid block 11 can be adjusted in vertical direction and horizontal position for displacement and angle.

[0040] The transverse rotary cylinder 34 is an actuator that drives the transverse adjusting cylinder 36 to change its angle in the horizontal plane through rotational motion. Specifically, it can be implemented using a servo cylinder with a rotary encoder. The rotary encoder feeds back angle data and is linked with the PLC to achieve horizontal angle adjustment. The longitudinal rotary cylinder 37 is an actuator that drives the longitudinal adjusting cylinder 33 to change its angle in the vertical plane through rotational motion. Specifically, it can be implemented using a swing cylinder with a gear transmission structure. The gear transmission converts the rotational motion into a change in the tilt angle of the longitudinal adjusting cylinder 33. The drive frame 31 is a support structure that carries the adjusting mechanism 3 and provides it with a moving track. Specifically, it can be implemented using an aluminum alloy frame with track wheels 311 and lateral auxiliary wheels 312. The track wheels 311 roll along the opening of the transparent cylinder 1, and the lateral auxiliary wheels 312 adhere to the inner and outer walls of the cylinder to maintain stability.

[0041] Specifically, the longitudinal rotating cylinder 37 drives the longitudinal adjusting cylinder 33 to rotate around the vertical axis, causing the transverse rotating cylinder 34 and the transverse adjusting cylinder 36 to deflect as a whole, thereby changing the tilt angle of the rigid block 11 in the vertical plane; the transverse rotating cylinder 34 drives the transverse adjusting cylinder 36 to rotate around the horizontal axis, causing the rigid block 11 to adjust its azimuth angle in the horizontal plane. The extension and retraction of the longitudinal adjusting cylinder 33 controls the vertical displacement of the rigid block 11, and the extension and retraction of the transverse adjusting cylinder 36 controls the horizontal displacement of the rigid block 11. The coordinated action of the four sets of actuators enables the rigid block 11 to achieve a composite motion of translation, tilting, and rotation in three-dimensional space. For example, when the longitudinal rotating cylinder 37 rotates 30°, the rigid block 11 can simulate the tilting and squeezing process during the subduction of a plate, and when the transverse rotating cylinder 34 rotates 45°, it can simulate the lateral shearing motion of a plate.

[0042] Compared with existing technologies, traditional experimental devices only achieve unidirectional or bidirectional linear motion through linear cylinders, which cannot simulate the complex angle changes and three-dimensional motion trajectories during plate convergence. This solution uses a composite drive structure of rotary cylinders and linear cylinders to add rotational degrees of freedom of the rigid block 11 around the vertical and horizontal axes while maintaining the movement function of the track wheel 311. For example, ±90° rotation angle adjustments can be superimposed on the same movement path, enabling multiple action forms such as shearing, diving, and collision during plate convergence to be realized in the same device.

[0043] Through the above technical solution, this application can precisely control the spatial orientation parameters of the rigid block 11, realizing the loading of multi-directional stress in three-dimensional space during plate convergence. When simulating the southward compression of the Siberian block, the longitudinal rotating cylinder 37 can drive the rigid block 11 to compress the silicone layer 13 downward at a 15° angle; when simulating the westward subduction of the Pacific plate, the transverse rotating cylinder 34 can drive the rigid block 11 to insert into the silicone layer 13 at a 60° subduction angle. This multi-degree-of-freedom motion control enables the experimental device to reproduce the dynamic process of lithosphere thickening, thinning, and tectonic deformation during plate convergence, providing effective experimental data for studying the geological response under the coupling of multi-directional stress fields.

[0044] This application further proposes that the drive end of the transverse rotary cylinder 34 is equipped with an angle adjustment motor 35, and the output shaft of the angle adjustment motor 35 is equipped with a transverse adjustment cylinder 36.

[0045] Among them, the transverse rotary cylinder 34 refers to a pneumatic actuator capable of driving the connecting component to rotate in the horizontal plane. Specifically, it can be implemented using a cylinder structure with a rotating shaft. The rotating shaft is driven by air pressure, thereby adjusting the horizontal angle of the connecting component. The angle adjustment motor 35 refers to a drive device with precise angle control function. Specifically, it can be implemented using a stepper motor or a servo motor. The output shaft is controlled by an electrical signal to rotate to a specified angle, thereby achieving precise angle adjustment of the connecting component. The transverse adjustment cylinder 36 refers to a pneumatic actuator that performs telescopic movement in the horizontal direction. Specifically, it can be implemented using a double-acting cylinder structure. The piston rod is driven by air pressure to move linearly, thereby applying a horizontal thrust or pull force to the connecting component.

[0046] Specifically, the transverse rotary cylinder 34 achieves precise control of its rotation angle through an angle adjustment motor 35 at its drive end. The output shaft of the angle adjustment motor 35 is directly connected to the transverse adjustment cylinder 36, allowing the transverse adjustment cylinder 36 to rotate to different horizontal angles with the output shaft. The extension and retraction direction of the transverse adjustment cylinder 36 always points towards the center of the transparent cylinder 1, thus applying horizontal forces in different directions to the rigid block 11 when rotating to different angles. Therefore, the rigid block 11 can not only perform linear displacement but also simulate complex motion trajectories during multi-directional convergence processes through angle adjustment.

[0047] Compared with existing technologies, traditional structural physics simulation devices typically employ fixed-angle unidirectional or bidirectional drive mechanisms, which cannot achieve multi-angle dynamic adjustment, thus limiting the simulation accuracy of the plate convergence process. This solution, through the combination of angle-adjusting motor 35 and transverse rotating cylinder 34, enables the rigid block 11 to perform arbitrary angle displacement adjustment in the horizontal plane, breaking through the limitations of traditional devices in terms of motion freedom.

[0048] Through the aforementioned technical solutions, this application can accurately simulate the complex stress distribution and movement trajectory generated during multi-directional plate convergence, such as the synergistic effect of the southward compression of the Siberian Block and the westward subduction of the Pacific Plate. During the experiment, the angle adjustment and lateral displacement of the rigid block 11 can be carried out simultaneously, thereby more realistically reproducing the three-dimensional dynamic response during the thickening and thinning process of the lithosphere, providing a reliable data basis for analyzing shallow tectonic deformation under multi-plate convergence.

[0049] This application further proposes that a sand and gravel layer 12 is laid along the upper side of the silicone layer 13 between the rigid blocks 11. The sand and gravel layer 12 is used to simulate the East Asian continent. Three sets of rigid blocks 11 are set up to simulate the Siberian block, the Lhasa block, and the Pacific plate, respectively. Correspondingly, as... Figure 1 As shown, the feed adjustment mechanism 32 has three sets, which are evenly distributed.

[0050] The sand and gravel layer 12 refers to a cover layer composed of granular mineral materials, specifically quartz sand or basalt fragments with a particle size of 0.1-2 mm. The thickness and distribution of the sand and gravel layer are adjusted to simulate the surface structure of different regions. The rigid blocks 11 refer to simulated plate units with fixed shapes and strengths, specifically made of high-density resin or metal materials. Their size and shape are scaled proportionally according to actual geological data; for example, the Siberian block can be designed as a rectangular plate, the Lhasa block as a trapezoid, and the Pacific plate as an arc. The division of the Siberian block, Lhasa block, and Pacific plate is based on the Mesozoic East Asian continental tectonic pattern. The independent movements of the three sets of rigid blocks 11 simulate the interactions during multi-directional convergence processes.

[0051] Specifically, a sand and gravel layer 12 covers the surface of a silica gel layer 13. An adjusting mechanism 3 drives three sets of rigid blocks 11 to move horizontally and vertically, simulating the combined effects of the Siberian Block's southward compression, the Lhasa Block's northeastward convergence, and the Pacific Plate's westward subduction. During plate movement, the sand and gravel layer 12 undergoes deformations such as folding and fracturing, reflecting the geological responses of the thickening and thinning of the East Asian continental lithosphere. The coordinated movement of the three sets of rigid blocks 11 is achieved through PLC-controlled cylinders and motors in the adjusting mechanism 3. For example, when the lateral adjusting cylinder 36 drives the Pacific Plate westward, the longitudinal rotating cylinder 37 synchronously adjusts the subduction angle of the Lhasa Block.

[0052] Compared to existing technologies, traditional sandbox models only support unidirectional or bidirectional compression and cannot reproduce the complex stress field of multi-plate convergence. This scheme, through the combination of three sets of rigid blocks 11 and sand and gravel layers 12, achieves for the first time the triaxial dynamic coupling of the Siberian, Lhasa, and Pacific plates, enabling a more accurate simulation of the thickening and thinning transformation process of the Mesozoic East Asian continental lithosphere. Existing technologies cannot reflect the correlation between magma emplacement and crustal deformation under multidirectional convergence through the motion parameters of a single plate. This scheme, however, through a multi-plate independent adjustment mechanism, allows for the simultaneous observation of the influence of stresses in different directions on the deformation of sand and gravel layer 12.

[0053] Through the aforementioned technical solutions, this application can accurately simulate the dynamic processes of lithospheric thickening and thinning, craton destruction, and shallow response under the multidirectional convergence environment of the Mesozoic East Asian continent, providing an experimental basis for analyzing the synergistic relationship between plate tectonics, magmatic activity, and sedimentary basin evolution. The independent control of three rigid blocks 11 allows the experiment to reproduce key geological events such as crustal shortening caused by the compression of the Siberian Block and back-arc spreading resulting from the subduction of the Pacific Plate, supporting multidisciplinary Earth system science research.

[0054] This application further proposes an inlet / outlet regulating mechanism 32 including a silicone storage tank 21, a hot melt adhesive pump 22 connected to the silicone storage tank 21 via a pipe, and an electromagnetic flow meter 26 installed on the pipe; the inlet of a first three-way solenoid valve 23 is connected to the hot melt adhesive pump 22 via a pipe, one end of the outlet is connected to the transparent cylinder 1, and the other end of the outlet is connected to an upward-extending pipe; the inlet of a second three-way solenoid valve 24 is connected to the upward-extending outlet of the first three-way solenoid valve 23 via a pipe, one end of the outlet is connected to the transparent cylinder 1, and the other end of the outlet is connected to an upward-extending pipe; the inlet of a third three-way solenoid valve 25 is connected to the upward-extending outlet of the second three-way solenoid valve 24 via a pipe, one end of the outlet is connected to the transparent cylinder 1, and the other end of the outlet is connected to an upward-extending pipe that connects to the side wall of the transparent cylinder 1 at a higher position.

[0055] The silicone storage tank 21 is a container used to store simulated soft plastic material. It can be implemented using a stainless steel sealed tank and is connected to the hot melt adhesive pump 22 via a pipeline to provide raw material reserves for silicone injection. The hot melt adhesive pump 22 is a fluid drive device used to transport silicone, and can be implemented using an electric gear pump. The silicone flow rate is controlled by adjusting the speed. The electromagnetic flowmeter 26 is a sensor used to monitor the silicone flow rate in the pipeline, and can be implemented using a flange-type electromagnetic flowmeter 26, providing real-time feedback of flow data to the control system. The three-way solenoid valve is an electrically controlled valve with three fluid channels, and can be implemented using a stainless steel valve body and an electromagnetic actuator. It controls the flow of silicone to the transparent cylinder 1 at different heights by switching the channel direction.

[0056] Specifically, the silicone in the silicone storage tank 21 is pressurized and delivered to the first three-way solenoid valve 23 via the hot melt adhesive pump 22. Depending on the solenoid valve's channel switching, the silicone is either directly injected into the bottom transparent cylinder 1 or delivered upwards to the second three-way solenoid valve 24. The second three-way solenoid valve 24 can further distribute the silicone to the middle transparent cylinder 1 or continue delivering it upwards to the third three-way solenoid valve 25. The third three-way solenoid valve 25 then injects the silicone into the upper transparent cylinder 1 or returns it to the storage tank, forming a cycle. Through the coordinated control of multiple three-way solenoid valves, the amount of silicone injected into transparent cylinders 1 of different heights can be adjusted in layers. Simultaneously, the electromagnetic flowmeter 26 monitors flow changes in real time, enabling dynamic simulation of the thickening or thinning process of the soft flow ring.

[0057] Compared to existing technologies, traditional experimental setups typically use a single pipe to directly inject or extract materials, making it impossible to control the flow rate of silica gel in different areas in layers. This solution constructs a vertical delivery network using multi-stage three-way solenoid valves, combined with real-time feedback from the electromagnetic flowmeter 26, enabling precise adjustment of the amount of silica gel in each layer of the transparent cylinder 1, and more realistically simulating the three-dimensional process of thickening and thinning of the lithosphere.

[0058] Through the above technical solutions, this application realizes multi-level dynamic control of the asthenospheric material transport process, which can accurately control the amount of silica gel injected and extracted in different height regions, effectively simulate the vertical migration law of asthenospheric material during the thickening and thinning of the lithosphere, and provide more refined experimental conditions for studying the lithosphere modification caused by plate convergence.

[0059] This application further proposes installing an electromagnetic flow meter 26 on the pipeline of the silicone storage tank 21 and the hot melt adhesive pump 22 to control the silicone flow rate in real time, and then controlling the drive motor 32 and the regulating cylinder through the PLC.

[0060] The electromagnetic flowmeter 26 is a flow measurement device based on Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction. Specifically, it can be implemented using a pipe-section sensor with an annular electrode. It measures the flow velocity by detecting the induced electromotive force generated by the movement of conductive liquid in a magnetic field. In this technical solution, the device is used to acquire real-time data on the injection and extraction flow of silica gel, providing a basis for dynamic adjustment by the PLC. The PLC, or programmable logic controller, can be implemented using a modular industrial-grade controller. It receives signals from the electromagnetic flowmeter 26 and executes a preset algorithm to perform closed-loop control of the output parameters of the drive motor 32 and the regulating cylinder. In this technical solution, the device coordinates the dynamic balance between the silica gel flow rate and the movement of the rigid block 11, ensuring that the simulation process conforms to the laws of geological evolution.

[0061] Specifically, the silicone in the silicone storage tank 21 is delivered to the transparent cylinder 1 via the hot melt adhesive pump 22. An electromagnetic flowmeter 26 in the pipeline collects flow data in real time and transmits it to the PLC. For example, when simulating asthenosphere thickening, the PLC increases the output power of the hot melt adhesive pump 22 based on the flow data, and simultaneously controls the moving speed of the rigid block 11 by adjusting the speed of the drive motor 32. When simulating thinning, the PLC reduces the pumping flow and adjusts the extension and retraction of the regulating cylinder. Through real-time matching of flow data and motion parameters, the coupling relationship between lithosphere thickening / thinning and plate movement can be accurately reproduced.

[0062] Compared to existing technologies, traditional experimental setups typically use manual valves to control the silica gel flow rate, which fails to achieve dynamic linkage between flow rate and moving mechanisms, resulting in lag and errors in the simulation process. This solution establishes a real-time feedback mechanism between flow parameters and mechanical motion through the coordinated control of the electromagnetic flowmeter 26 and the PLC. For example, in simulating the subduction of the Pacific Plate, the silica gel injection rate and the thrust of the lateral adjustment cylinder 36 can be adjusted synchronously, thus more realistically reflecting the asthenosphere material migration process caused by plate subduction.

[0063] Through the above technical solution, this application achieves precise synchronous control of silica gel flow rate and plate motion parameters, solving the simulation distortion problem caused by the lag in flow rate adjustment in traditional devices. For example, in simulating the compression of the Siberian block, the system can adjust the stroke of the longitudinal adjustment cylinder 33 in real time according to the change in the thickness of the silica gel layer 13, ensuring that the motion trajectory of the rigid block 11 strictly corresponds to the flow state of the asthenosphere material, providing high-fidelity experimental conditions for studying the dynamic mechanism of lithosphere thickening and thinning.

[0064] This application further proposes a structural physics simulation experimental device for the multidirectional convergence process of tectonic plates. Its information acquisition system 4 includes a wire mesh 41 and first pressure sensors 42. The wire mesh 41 is arranged at different heights inside the transparent cylinder 1, and is formed by horizontally crisscrossing wires to form a grid structure, with mounting positions at the intersections. Several first pressure sensors 42 are inserted and installed along the mounting positions to detect pressure changes at different heights and horizontal positions inside the transparent cylinder 1.

[0065] The wire mesh 41 refers to a grid structure woven from metal wires, specifically stainless steel or carbon steel wires, achieved through welding or weaving processes. The mesh size can range from, for example, 5mm × 5mm to 20mm × 20mm. Its function is to provide fixed points for pressure sensors, forming a spatially distributed detection network. The first pressure sensor 42 is a detection element capable of converting mechanical signals into electrical signals. Specifically, it can be a piezoresistive or piezoelectric sensor, such as the MPX5050 miniature pressure sensor. It is fixed to the intersections of the wire mesh 41 via a plug-in connection, used for real-time acquisition of pressure data at different spatial coordinates.

[0066] Specifically, the wire mesh 41 is arranged in layers inside the transparent cylinder 1, for example, one layer is set every 10 cm along the vertical direction, and the horizontal grid of each layer of wire mesh 41 covers the entire cross-section of the cylinder. The first pressure sensor 42 is fixed to the grid intersections by threaded connection or snap-fit ​​structure, forming a three-dimensional distributed detection array. When the rigid block 11 moves at multiple angles or the thickness of the silicone layer 13 changes, the sensor can synchronously capture the dynamic changes in the pressure field. For example, when simulating the subduction of the Pacific Plate, the sensor can detect the increase in pressure at the bottom of the silicone layer 13, while during the compression of the Lhasa block, the sensor can record the changes in lateral pressure gradient.

[0067] In some specific embodiments, the wire mesh 41 can have 3-5 layers, with 9-16 sensors arranged in each layer to form a three-dimensional monitoring network. The sensor signals are connected to a data acquisition card via wires, and the sampling frequency can be set to 100Hz to achieve millisecond-level dynamic response.

[0068] Compared to existing technologies, traditional experimental setups typically only arrange sensors on a single plane, failing to acquire three-dimensional pressure field data. This scheme constructs a spatial detection network using a layered wire mesh structure 41, which can simultaneously capture the differences in pressure distribution in both the vertical and horizontal directions. For example, in simulating the thickening process of the lithosphere, it can distinguish the spatial differences between the compressive stress in the upper part and the shear stress in the lower part of the silica gel layer 13, providing data support for analyzing the multi-directional convergent mechanical coupling mechanism.

[0069] Through the above technical solution, this application realizes real-time monitoring of the three-dimensional pressure field inside the transparent cylinder 1, which can accurately reflect the difference in mechanical response caused by the movement trajectory of the rigid block 11 and the dynamic changes of the silicone layer 13. For example, when simulating the compression of the Siberian block, the bottom pressure peak and lateral stress diffusion data can be obtained simultaneously, providing experimental basis for studying the dynamic process of lithosphere thickening and thinning during the multi-directional convergence of plates.

[0070] This application further proposes that the information acquisition system 4 also includes a second pressure sensor 43. The second pressure sensor 43 is provided in several groups and is respectively set on the side and bottom of the rigid block 11 to monitor the pressure change of the rigid block 11 during the movement process or the change of the amount of silicone inside the transparent cylinder 1.

[0071] The second pressure sensor 43 refers to a pressure detection device installed on different contact surfaces of the rigid block 11. Specifically, it can be implemented using a miniature piezoresistive sensor, with a thickness controlled within 3 mm to be embedded in the surface of the rigid block 11. The sides and bottom of the rigid block 11 refer to the vertical contact surface and the base contact surface of the simulated plate. By arranging sensors in two orthogonal directions, data on changes in lateral compressive force and base support force during plate collision can be collected simultaneously.

[0072] Specifically, when simulating the southward compression of the Siberian block, the second pressure sensor 43 on the side can record the collision stress at the northern boundary of the Lhasa block in real time; when the Pacific Plate subducts westward, causing the silica gel layer 13 to thin, the sensor at the bottom can detect the attenuation curve of the base support force during the plate subsidence. The sensor array is distributed in an array on the six surfaces of each rigid block 11, for example, three sensors are arranged on each of the four sides of each rigid module, and six sensors are arranged on the bottom surface, forming a three-dimensional monitoring network. The data acquisition frequency can be set to 50 times per second, and the real-time pressure waveform is synchronized to the PLC control system via a wireless transmission module.

[0073] Compared with existing technologies, traditional experimental setups only place single-point pressure gauges on the side walls of the experimental chamber, which cannot capture the dynamic stress distribution at the plate contact surface. This scheme, through a three-dimensional sensor layout, achieves for the first time continuous monitoring of the three-dimensional stress field during the multi-directional movement of the plate, and in particular, can simultaneously record the mechanical response characteristics of the bottom of the submerged plate and the asthenosphere interface.

[0074] Through the above technical solutions, this application can accurately quantify the stress transfer efficiency at different contact surfaces during plate convergence. For example, it can identify the shear stress concentration area generated during the northeastward subduction of the Lhasa Block, providing key experimental data support for analyzing the thickening and thinning transformation mechanism of the lithosphere. The multi-dimensional layout of the sensor array can also capture torque data generated by plate rotation, making up for the blind spots of traditional unidirectional pressure detection.

[0075] This application further proposes an experimental method for simulating the multi-directional convergence process of plates, including the following steps: injecting silicone into the inside of a transparent cylinder 1 to form a silicone layer 13 simulating an asthenosphere, and setting multiple sets of rigid blocks 11 on the upper surface of the silicone layer 13; driving each rigid block to perform multi-angle displacement, rotation, and pitch angle adjustment in the horizontal plane through a PLC-controlled adjustment mechanism 3 to simulate the squeezing, stretching, and rotational motion between plates; controlling the amount of silicone injected or extracted in real time through an infeed adjustment mechanism 2 to dynamically adjust the thickness of the silicone layer and simulate the thickening or thinning process of the asthenosphere; using a wire mesh sensor array arranged at different heights inside the transparent cylinder, and pressure sensors installed on the sides and bottom of the rigid blocks, to simultaneously monitor the pressure distribution inside the silicone layer 13 and the stress changes of the rigid blocks; and reconstructing a three-dimensional stress field evolution model in the multi-directional convergence process of plates based on the driving parameters and the real-time collected stress data.

[0076] Among these, multi-angle displacement, rotation, and pitch angle adjustment refers to the combined action of the lateral rotation cylinder 34, the longitudinal rotation cylinder 37, and the angle adjustment motor 35 to induce composite movements of the rigid blocks in the horizontal and vertical directions. This can be achieved using a multi-axis linkage control system, thereby simulating the complex relative movements between the blocks. Dynamic adjustment of the silicone layer 13 thickness refers to the precise control of the silicone injection or extraction rate through the cooperation of the hot melt adhesive pump 22 and a multi-stage three-way solenoid valve. This can be achieved by using an electromagnetic flowmeter to monitor the flow rate in real time, thereby simulating the material migration process in the asthenosphere. The wire mesh sensor array refers to a multi-layer detection network composed of crisscrossing wire mesh 41. Pressure sensors can be installed at the intersections of the wires to form a three-dimensional pressure monitoring system. The reconstruction of the three-dimensional stress field evolution model refers to the spatiotemporal correlation analysis of the motion parameters of the drive mechanism and the stress data collected by the sensors. This can be achieved by using a finite element method to establish a dynamic stress distribution model.

[0077] Specifically, a silica gel layer 13 is first constructed inside a transparent cylinder 1 as a simulated asthenosphere medium, and multiple rigid blocks 11 are arranged on its surface. An adjustment mechanism 3 applies displacement and rotation in different directions to each block via a multi-axis drive system; for example, it can adjust the subduction angle of the rigid blocks simulating the Pacific Plate. An inlet / outlet adjustment mechanism 2 adjusts the silica gel flow rate according to experimental requirements, for example, by switching via a three-way valve to achieve silica gel injection or extraction at different heights. A pressure sensor array captures real-time stress changes within the silica gel layer and the interaction forces between the blocks; for example, when the Siberian block is compressed southward, the bottom sensor can detect changes in the pressure gradient. Finally, the motion parameters and pressure data are input into a calculation model to generate a three-dimensional dynamic evolution diagram of the stress field.

[0078] Compared to existing technologies, traditional sandbox experiments can only achieve unidirectional or bidirectional loading, while this method, through a multi-angle drive system, can simultaneously simulate the complex interactions of more than three plates. Existing technologies cannot dynamically adjust the asthenosphere thickness; this method simulates the thickening or thinning process of the silicone layer using multi-stage three-way valves. Conventional experiments lack three-dimensional monitoring methods; this method constructs a three-dimensional pressure monitoring system using a multi-layer wire mesh sensor array. Existing data analysis is limited to a two-dimensional plane; this method establishes a spatiotemporally correlated three-dimensional dynamic model through stress field reconstruction technology.

[0079] Through the aforementioned technical solutions, this application solves the simulation challenge of complex motion patterns during multi-plate convergence, achieves dynamic control of lithosphere thickness variations, and provides real-time monitoring and reconstruction capabilities of the three-dimensional stress field. During the experiment, the pressure transmission patterns within the asthenosphere during plate interactions can be accurately captured, providing reliable experimental data support for studying the geological effects induced by multi-directional convergence. The establishment of the three-dimensional model helps reveal the intrinsic relationship between plate movement and stress evolution, improving the scientific rigor and credibility of tectonic physics simulation experiments.

[0080] The above description is merely an embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A tectonic physics simulation experimental device for multi-directional plate convergence processes, characterized in that: include A transparent cylindrical body, wherein silicone is injected inside the transparent cylindrical body to form a silicone layer simulating a soft coil, and a rigid ground block is provided on the silicone layer; An adjustment mechanism is installed on the transparent cylinder and connected to the rigid block. The adjustment mechanism is used to drive the rigid block to make adaptive adjustment and movement at multiple angles. The adjustment mechanism is connected to a PLC. The inlet and outlet adjustment mechanism is connected to the transparent cylinder and is used to adjust the amount of silicone injected and extracted in real time, thereby simulating the thickening or thinning process of the soft fluid ring. An information acquisition system is installed inside the transparent cylinder to monitor the pressure changes of the rigid block during adjustment and dynamic changes in the silica gel flow rate, thereby simulating various situations.

2. The structural physics simulation experimental device for plate multidirectional convergence process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjustment mechanism includes a drive frame, inside which are installed track wheels that can be fitted into the edge of the transparent cylinder. Inside the drive frame are also installed lateral auxiliary wheels for fitting against the inner and outer walls of the transparent cylinder. The track wheels are connected to a drive motor for driving the track wheels to roll on the edge of the transparent cylinder, thereby driving the moving frame to move the rigid block.

3. The structural physics simulation experimental device for the multidirectional convergence process of tectonic plates according to claim 2, characterized in that: The adjustment mechanism further includes a lateral adjustment cylinder and a longitudinal adjustment cylinder. The longitudinal adjustment cylinder is vertically mounted on the drive frame and connected to the lateral adjustment cylinder. The lateral adjustment cylinder is connected to the rigid block. The lateral adjustment cylinder is used to provide compressive or tensile stress, and the longitudinal adjustment cylinder is used to make adaptive adjustments in the vertical direction according to changes inside the transparent cylinder.

4. The structural physics simulation experimental device for the multi-directional convergence process of tectonic plates according to claim 3, characterized in that: The adjustment mechanism further includes a transverse rotary cylinder and a longitudinal rotary cylinder. The longitudinal rotary cylinder is installed on the side wall of the drive frame. The longitudinal rotary cylinder is connected to a longitudinal adjustment cylinder. The longitudinal adjustment cylinder is connected to the transverse rotary cylinder. The transverse rotary cylinder is connected to a transverse adjustment cylinder. The transverse adjustment cylinder is connected to the rigid block, so that the rigid block can be adjusted in vertical and horizontal positions for displacement and angle.

5. The structural physics simulation experimental apparatus for the multidirectional convergence process of tectonic plates according to claim 4, characterized in that: The transverse rotary cylinder is driven by an angle adjustment motor, and the transverse adjustment cylinder is mounted on the output shaft of the angle adjustment motor.

6. The structural physics simulation experimental apparatus for the multidirectional convergence process of tectonic plates according to claim 5, characterized in that: A layer of sand and gravel is laid between the rigid blocks along the upper side of the silicone layer. The sand and gravel layer is used to simulate the East Asian continent. There are three sets of rigid blocks, which are used to simulate the Siberian block, the Lhasa block and the Pacific plate respectively.

7. The structural physics simulation experimental apparatus for the multidirectional convergence process of tectonic plates according to claim 6, characterized in that: The feed / discharge adjustment mechanism includes: Silicone storage tank A hot melt adhesive pump, which is connected to the silicone storage tank via a pipeline, and an electromagnetic flow meter is installed on the pipeline through which the adhesive flows. The first three-way solenoid valve has its inlet connected to the hot melt adhesive pump via a pipe, and its outlet connected to the transparent cylinder at one end, while the outlet at the other end is connected to a pipe extending upwards. The second three-way solenoid valve has its inlet connected to the outlet of the first three-way solenoid valve via a pipe. One outlet is connected to the transparent cylinder, and the other outlet is connected to the pipe extending upwards. The third three-way solenoid valve has its inlet connected to the outlet of the second three-way solenoid valve via a pipe. One outlet is connected to the transparent cylinder, and the other outlet is connected to the side wall of the transparent cylinder at a higher position via a pipe extending upwards.

8. The structural physics simulation experimental apparatus for the multidirectional convergence process of tectonic plates according to claim 7, characterized in that: The information collection system includes The wire mesh is arranged at different heights inside the transparent cylinder. The wire mesh includes a horizontally arranged crisscrossing wire mesh, with installation positions formed at the intersections of the wires. A first pressure sensor, and several first pressure sensors are inserted and installed along the mounting position to detect pressure changes at different internal heights and horizontal positions.

9. The structural physics simulation experimental apparatus for the multidirectional convergence process of tectonic plates according to claim 8, characterized in that: The information acquisition system also includes a second pressure sensor, which is provided in several groups and is respectively set on the side and bottom of the rigid block. It is used to monitor the pressure change of the rigid block during the movement of the rigid block or the change of the amount of silicone inside the transparent cylinder.

10. A tectonic physics simulation test method for multi-directional plate convergence processes, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Silicone is injected into the inside of the transparent cylinder to form a silicone layer that simulates a soft coil, and multiple sets of rigid blocks are set on the upper surface of the silicone layer; S2: The PLC controls the adjustment mechanism to drive each rigid block to perform multi-angle displacement, rotation and pitch angle adjustment in the horizontal plane, simulating the squeezing, stretching and rotational motion between the blocks; S3: The amount of silicone injected or extracted is controlled in real time by the inlet / outlet adjustment mechanism, and the thickness of the silicone layer is dynamically adjusted to simulate the thickening or thinning process of the soft flow ring. S4: Using a wire mesh sensor array arranged at different heights inside the transparent cylinder, and pressure sensors installed on the sides and bottom of the rigid block, the pressure distribution inside the silicone layer and the stress changes of the rigid block are monitored simultaneously. S5: Based on the driving parameters from steps 2-4 and the real-time collected stress data, reconstruct the three-dimensional stress field evolution model during the multi-directional convergence process of the plate.

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