An adaptive overcurrent protection method and system for explosion-proof circuit breakers

Abstract

This application relates to the field of circuit breaker technology, providing an adaptive overcurrent protection method and system for explosion-proof circuit breakers. The method includes: determining the electrical equipment connected to the busbar of the explosion-proof circuit breaker; judging the load type, analyzing the dynamic characteristics of the current waveform based on the type, and constructing an overcurrent threshold mapping decision relationship; collecting current environmental data, analyzing its impact on current carrying capacity, and generating a current carrying capacity degradation index; using this index to optimize the overcurrent threshold mapping decision relationship in real time, and performing overcurrent monitoring and protection action triggering on the busbar based on the optimized mapping decision relationship. This application solves the technical problem of traditional explosion-proof circuit breakers having fixed overcurrent setting values ​​and being unable to simultaneously consider different load conditions and environmental derating, resulting in insufficient protection accuracy and adaptability. It achieves the technical effect of real-time adaptive setting of the overcurrent threshold based on load pulse characteristics and environmental current carrying capacity, improving the accuracy and adaptability of overcurrent protection for explosion-proof circuit breakers.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of circuit breaker technology, specifically to an adaptive overcurrent protection method and system for explosion-proof circuit breakers. Background Technology

[0002] As a core protective device for the safe operation of power systems in industrial settings, explosion-proof circuit breakers directly affect the safety of equipment operation and the continuity of production due to their overcurrent protection performance. In high-risk environments such as petroleum, chemical, and mining industries where explosive gases or dust are present, traditional explosion-proof circuit breakers generally use fixed overcurrent protection threshold settings, which are difficult to cope with dynamic changes under complex operating conditions. On the one hand, the types of electrical equipment connected to the busbar are diverse (such as resistive heating elements, inductive motors, nonlinear loads with frequency converters, etc.), and their current pulse waveform characteristics vary significantly. Fixed thresholds are prone to insufficient sensitivity under no-load conditions or false tripping under heavy load conditions. On the other hand, special environments such as high temperature, high humidity, and high altitude can cause changes in the resistivity of conductor materials and a decrease in heat dissipation capacity, which directly affects the current carrying capacity of the line. Existing technologies lack real-time perception of environmental factors and dynamic threshold compensation mechanisms, which leads to safety hazards such as protection failure, frequent false tripping, or failure to trip of existing explosion-proof circuit breakers. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application provides an adaptive overcurrent protection method and system for explosion-proof circuit breakers, aiming to solve the technical problem that traditional explosion-proof circuit breakers have fixed overcurrent setting values ​​and cannot simultaneously take into account different load conditions and environmental derating, resulting in insufficient protection accuracy and adaptability.

[0004] The first aspect of this application discloses an adaptive overcurrent protection method for an explosion-proof circuit breaker. The method includes: determining the electrical equipment connected to the busbar where the explosion-proof circuit breaker is located; judging the load type of the electrical equipment, performing dynamic feature analysis of the current pulse waveform based on the load type, and constructing an overcurrent threshold mapping decision relationship; collecting current environmental data of the explosion-proof circuit breaker, analyzing the impact of the current environment on the current carrying capacity, and generating a current carrying capacity reduction index; optimizing the overcurrent threshold mapping decision relationship in real time using the current carrying capacity reduction index, and triggering overcurrent monitoring and protection actions on the busbar where the explosion-proof circuit breaker is located based on the optimized overcurrent threshold mapping decision relationship.

[0005] Another aspect of this application discloses an adaptive overcurrent protection system for explosion-proof circuit breakers. The system includes: a connection device determination module for determining the electrical equipment connected to the busbar where the explosion-proof circuit breaker is located; a feature analysis module for determining the load type of the electrical equipment, performing dynamic feature analysis of the current pulse waveform based on the load type, and constructing an overcurrent threshold mapping decision relationship; a current carrying capacity analysis module for collecting current environmental data of the explosion-proof circuit breaker, analyzing the impact of the current environment on the current carrying capacity, and generating a current carrying capacity reduction index; and an overcurrent monitoring module for real-time optimization of the overcurrent threshold mapping decision relationship using the current carrying capacity reduction index, and triggering overcurrent monitoring and protection actions on the busbar where the explosion-proof circuit breaker is located based on the optimized overcurrent threshold mapping decision relationship.

[0006] One or more technical solutions provided in this application have at least the following technical effects or advantages:

[0007] The aforementioned adaptive overcurrent protection method for explosion-proof circuit breakers first identifies the electrical equipment connected to the circuit breaker and determines the load type. Then, based on load characteristics, it analyzes the dynamic characteristics of the current pulse waveform and constructs a suitable overcurrent threshold decision relationship. Next, it collects current environmental data, assesses the impact of environmental changes on current carrying capacity, and generates an index indicating a decrease in current carrying capacity. This index is then used to optimize the overcurrent threshold mapping decision relationship in real time. Finally, based on the optimized mapping decision relationship, overcurrent monitoring and protection actions are triggered to ensure the safe and stable operation of the busbar where the explosion-proof circuit breaker is located.

[0008] The above description is merely an overview of the technical solution of this application. In order to better understand the technical means of this application and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, and to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of this application more obvious and understandable, specific embodiments of this application are given below. Attached Figure Description

[0009] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0010] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating an adaptive overcurrent protection method for an explosion-proof circuit breaker in one embodiment.

[0011] Figure 2 This is a diagram of an adaptive overcurrent protection system architecture for an explosion-proof circuit breaker in one embodiment.

[0012] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached diagram: Module 11 for determining connected devices, Module 12 for feature analysis, Module 13 for current carrying capacity analysis, and Module 14 for overcurrent monitoring. Detailed Implementation

[0013] This application provides an adaptive overcurrent protection method and system for explosion-proof circuit breakers, which solves the technical problem that traditional explosion-proof circuit breakers have fixed overcurrent setting values ​​and cannot simultaneously take into account different load conditions and environmental derating, resulting in insufficient protection accuracy and adaptability.

[0014] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0015] It should be noted that the terms “comprising” and “having”, and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or server that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units that are explicitly listed, but may include other steps or modules that are not explicitly listed or that are inherent to such process, method, product, or device.

[0016] Example 1, as Figure 1 As shown, this application provides an adaptive overcurrent protection method for explosion-proof circuit breakers, the method comprising:

[0017] Identify the electrical equipment connected to the busbar where the explosion-proof circuit breaker is located.

[0018] In this embodiment, for the busbar where the explosion-proof circuit breaker is located, for intelligent electrical devices (such as frequency converters and motor controllers) with communication interfaces on the busbar, their device identifiers are directly read through a preset communication protocol to determine the basic parameters of the intelligent electrical devices, such as rated power, current requirements, and load type. For non-intelligent electrical devices on the busbar, their basic parameters are obtained based on the device nameplate information. By determining the electrical devices connected to the busbar, necessary basic data can be provided for subsequent load type determination and overcurrent protection strategy formulation.

[0019] The electrical equipment is subjected to load type determination, and the dynamic characteristics of the current pulse waveform are analyzed according to the load type to construct an overcurrent threshold mapping decision relationship.

[0020] In one embodiment, for electrical equipment connected to the busbar, its load type is identified based on the equipment's basic parameters, including resistive loads, inductive loads, and nonlinear loads. The current waveform of a resistive load is synchronized with its voltage waveform; the current waveform of an inductive load lags behind its voltage waveform; and the current waveform of a nonlinear load exhibits complex fluctuations due to harmonic components. Subsequently, the dynamic characteristics of the current pulse waveform are analyzed based on the determined load type. For resistive loads, an overcurrent threshold mapping decision relationship is constructed based on the rated current of the electrical equipment; for inductive loads, it is constructed based on the lag characteristics of the current pulse waveform; and for nonlinear loads, it is constructed based on the harmonic component information of the current signal. The constructed overcurrent threshold mapping decision relationship ensures that the explosion-proof circuit breaker can accurately determine the presence of overcurrent based on the real-time operating status of the load and trigger protection actions at the appropriate time, thereby effectively preventing damage to equipment and systems from overloads, short circuits, or other electrical faults.

[0021] Furthermore, this application provides a method for determining the load type of the electrical equipment, performing dynamic feature analysis of the current pulse waveform based on the load type, and constructing an overcurrent threshold mapping decision relationship, including:

[0022] Identify the load type of the electrical equipment, which is one of resistive load, inductive load, or nonlinear load. If the load type is inductive load, determine the current fluctuation characteristics under normal conditions by analyzing the hysteresis characteristics of the current pulse waveform. Collect the current fluctuation characteristics under overcurrent conditions, and combine them with the current fluctuation characteristics under normal conditions to perform overcurrent protection parameter analysis and construct the overcurrent threshold mapping decision relationship.

[0023] Preferably, for each electrical device connected to the busbar, the load type of the electrical device is identified from the determined basic parameters. This load type can be any one of resistive load, inductive load, or nonlinear load. Resistive loads can be resistors, electric heaters, etc., and the current and voltage waveforms of such devices are the same with almost no phase delay. Inductive loads can be motors, transformers, etc., and the current waveform of such devices has a significant lag compared to the voltage waveform. Nonlinear loads can be frequency converters, rectifiers, etc., and such devices generate complex current waveforms, usually accompanied by strong harmonic components. If the load type of the electrical equipment is an inductive load, Fourier transform is used to perform frequency domain analysis on the current and voltage signals within the current and voltage pulse waveforms under typical operating conditions of the inductive load, obtaining their respective spectra. Then, the complex phase angle difference between the current and voltage spectra is calculated to obtain the phase difference between the current and voltage. The current lag time is obtained by dividing the phase difference by 2π and then by the fundamental frequency of the current. The period of the current pulse waveform is obtained by calculating the reciprocal of the fundamental frequency of the current. The peak current is obtained by extracting the amplitude points of the current pulse waveform, and the root mean square value of the current pulse waveform is calculated to obtain the effective current value. The standard deviation of the current pulse waveform is calculated to obtain the fluctuation range. Based on these calculated characteristic parameters, such as lag time, period, peak current, effective value, and standard deviation, a current fluctuation model for the inductive load can be constructed. This model describes the current fluctuation characteristics of the inductive load under normal operating conditions and can be used to compare the current fluctuation characteristics under overcurrent conditions, thereby dynamically adjusting the overcurrent protection threshold according to changes in current fluctuation. When electrical equipment is under overcurrent conditions, the current waveform will exhibit fluctuations different from those under normal conditions. In this case, current waveform data under overcurrent conditions is collected and analyzed to distinguish it from the current waveform under normal operating conditions, particularly the changes in waveform amplitude, frequency, and duration. Finally, based on these characteristics, a short-time overcurrent tolerance analysis is performed, and the calculated tolerance is mapped to overcurrent protection parameters to construct an overcurrent threshold mapping decision relationship. This overcurrent threshold mapping decision relationship can be dynamically adjusted according to different load characteristics to ensure the accuracy of overcurrent protection.

[0024] Furthermore, this application provides the following: current fluctuation characteristics under overcurrent conditions are collected; overcurrent protection parameters are analyzed in conjunction with current fluctuation characteristics under normal conditions; and the overcurrent threshold mapping decision relationship is constructed, including:

[0025] A comparison analysis is performed between the current fluctuation characteristics under overcurrent conditions and the current fluctuation characteristics under normal conditions to determine the similarities and differences in current fluctuations. Based on the similarities and differences in current fluctuations, a short-time overcurrent tolerance analysis is performed to generate the overcurrent threshold mapping decision relationship using the short-time overcurrent tolerance and overcurrent protection parameters.

[0026] Optionally, after collecting the current fluctuation characteristics under overcurrent conditions, the current fluctuation characteristics under overcurrent conditions are compared with those under normal conditions. The similarities and differences between the two sets of current fluctuation characteristics are statistically analyzed, and a current fluctuation similarity and difference feature is constructed based on these statistical features. Typically, the similarity lies in the fact that the current waveform always exhibits a certain regularity depending on the nature of the load. The difference lies in the fact that under overcurrent conditions, the amplitude of the current waveform increases sharply, and the waveform may exhibit spikes, pulses, or irregular fluctuations, while under normal conditions, the current fluctuation is relatively stable, with smaller changes in waveform amplitude and frequency. Subsequently, based on the extracted current fluctuation similarity and difference features, a tolerance mapping network is used to analyze the current fluctuation similarity and difference features to obtain the short-term overcurrent tolerance of the current fluctuation similarity and difference features. This short-term overcurrent tolerance represents the tolerance level of the electrical equipment to the maximum current under overcurrent conditions. The tolerance mapping network is constructed based on a fully connected neural network and has been pre-learned from historical current fluctuation similarity and difference features and historical tolerance levels through forward propagation, loss calculation, backpropagation, and parameter optimization steps. Subsequently, based on the determined short-time overcurrent tolerance, overcurrent protection parameters are set, including the allowable duration and the corresponding maximum withstand current. By mapping the short-time overcurrent tolerance to the overcurrent protection parameters, an overcurrent threshold mapping decision relationship is constructed. This overcurrent threshold mapping decision relationship can dynamically adjust the overcurrent threshold according to the current fluctuation characteristics and short-time tolerance of different load types, ensuring that the explosion-proof circuit breaker can accurately judge the overcurrent situation and trigger the protection action under different loads and operating conditions, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of overcurrent protection and ensuring the safe operation of electrical equipment.

[0027] Furthermore, after identifying the load type of the electrical equipment, this application also includes:

[0028] If the load type is a nonlinear load, the harmonic component information of the load is analyzed in real time by performing frequency domain conversion on the current signal; the influence of harmonic current on the total current is analyzed based on the harmonic component information, the overcurrent protection parameters are adjusted, and the overcurrent threshold mapping decision relationship is constructed.

[0029] Optionally, when the load type of the electrical equipment is a nonlinear load, in order to effectively analyze the distortion caused by multiple high-frequency harmonic components, a fast Fourier transform is used to convert the current signal from the time domain to the frequency domain, forming a spectrum. In this spectrum, each frequency component (called a harmonic component) corresponds to a specific frequency component of the current signal, usually starting from the fundamental frequency (such as 50Hz or 60Hz), followed by higher harmonics (such as the 3rd harmonic, the 5th harmonic, etc.). Each harmonic component has a specific amplitude and frequency. By summarizing the amplitude and frequency of key harmonics (such as the 3rd, 5th, and 7th harmonics), the harmonic component information can be obtained. After analyzing the harmonic components, the impact of these harmonic components on the total current is evaluated. Since harmonic currents do not directly lead to power consumption, but they increase the total current in the system, the contribution of each harmonic component to the total current is calculated based on the harmonic component information. The contribution of each harmonic component to the total current is then combined with the adjustment coefficient to set an overcurrent threshold mapping decision relationship. This overcurrent threshold mapping decision relationship can take into account the impact of harmonic currents and adjust the overcurrent protection setting to adapt to the fluctuation characteristics of nonlinear loads. This ensures that the protection can accurately respond to actual overcurrent conditions when facing nonlinear loads and avoid unnecessary malfunctions.

[0030] Furthermore, this application provides a method for analyzing the impact of harmonic current on the total current based on the harmonic component information, adjusting overcurrent protection parameters, and constructing the overcurrent threshold mapping decision relationship, including:

[0031] Based on the harmonic component information, the contribution of each harmonic current to the total current is calculated; an adjustment coefficient is set to control the influence of the harmonic current on the overcurrent threshold; the reference overcurrent protection parameters are adjusted by combining the contribution of each harmonic current to the total current and the adjustment coefficient, thereby generating the overcurrent threshold mapping decision relationship.

[0032] Optionally, under nonlinear loads, to avoid malfunctions caused by harmonic currents, the amplitude of each harmonic current is extracted from the harmonic component information, and the amplitude of each harmonic current is divided by the total current to obtain the contribution ratio of each harmonic current. Subsequently, an adjustment coefficient is set based on the experience or experiments of those skilled in the art to control the degree of influence of harmonic currents on the overcurrent threshold. A higher adjustment coefficient indicates that the harmonic current has a greater influence on the overcurrent threshold, while a lower adjustment coefficient indicates that the harmonic current has a smaller influence on the threshold. For example, for equipment with strong harmonic components, the adjustment coefficient will be set higher to increase the influence of harmonic currents on protection parameters, while for equipment with fewer harmonic components, the adjustment coefficient can be set lower. Then, combining the contribution ratio of each harmonic current to the total current and the adjustment coefficient, the product of the contribution ratio of the harmonic current to the total current and the adjustment coefficient is multiplied, and then added to 1. The sum is then multiplied by the reference overcurrent protection parameter to complete the adjustment of the reference overcurrent protection parameter. This adjustment process is encapsulated as an overcurrent threshold mapping decision relationship. This overcurrent threshold mapping decision relationship can adjust the overcurrent protection threshold in real time to ensure that the overcurrent protection device can respond accurately under nonlinear load operation and avoid maloperation caused by harmonic current.

[0033] Furthermore, after identifying the load type of the electrical equipment, this application also includes:

[0034] If the load type is resistive, fixed overcurrent protection parameters are set according to the rated current of the electrical equipment, and the overcurrent threshold mapping decision relationship is constructed.

[0035] Optionally, when the load type of the electrical equipment is resistive, the overcurrent protection process is relatively simplified. This is because the current and voltage waveforms of a resistive load are almost perfectly synchronized, with no significant waveform distortion, and no complex characteristics such as harmonics or phase lag. Therefore, under resistive loads, fixed overcurrent protection parameters can be set directly based on the rated current value of the equipment, without the need for complex dynamic adjustments. Typically, the overcurrent protection parameters are 1.2 to 1.5 times the rated current value. The specific parameters can be set by those skilled in the art based on the equipment's tolerance and usage scenario to allow for short-term starting current or fluctuations. After completing the above settings, a static overcurrent threshold mapping decision relationship can be constructed. This overcurrent threshold mapping decision relationship does not change with ambient temperature, current waveform, or load variations, and is suitable for resistive load scenarios with stable load characteristics and constant operating current, ensuring the safety of equipment and circuits.

[0036] Collect current environmental data of the explosion-proof circuit breaker, analyze the impact of the current environment on the current carrying capacity, and generate a current carrying capacity reduction index.

[0037] In one embodiment, to achieve adaptive adjustment of the overcurrent protection of the explosion-proof circuit breaker, key parameters of the current environment in which the explosion-proof circuit breaker is located are collected, including temperature and humidity. These environmental factors significantly affect the circuit breaker's heat dissipation capacity, contact resistance stability, and current-carrying performance of the conductor material, thereby indirectly affecting its maximum allowable current carrying capacity. Subsequently, the collected current environmental data is input into the corresponding environmental factor influence relationship. Each environmental factor influence relationship analyzes the received environmental data according to a pre-trained model, generating an influence coefficient for each current environmental factor. For example, high temperature usually leads to increased conductor resistance, thus reducing current carrying capacity; high humidity may increase the risk of insulation aging or poor contact; low air pressure reduces heat dissipation efficiency. Then, by weighted and fused the influence coefficients of each factor, a current carrying capacity reduction index under the current environment is obtained. This index represents the reduced carrying capacity of the explosion-proof circuit breaker under the current environmental conditions compared to standard operating conditions, and is used in the adjustment of the overcurrent threshold to avoid maloperation, delayed protection, or protection failure due to environmental deterioration, further improving the accuracy and environmental adaptability of overcurrent protection actions.

[0038] Furthermore, this application provides the collection of current environmental data of the explosion-proof circuit breaker, analysis of the impact of the current environment on the current carrying capacity, and generation of current carrying capacity degradation indicators, including:

[0039] Based on the model information of the explosion-proof circuit breaker, a current carrying capacity degradation assessment sample set based on environmental factors is collected; the impact of various environmental factors on the current carrying capacity of the equipment is analyzed using the current carrying capacity degradation assessment sample set, and the influence relationship of each environmental factor is generated. The environmental factors include at least temperature, humidity and air pressure; the influence relationship of each environmental factor is used to quantify each real-time influence coefficient under the current environment, and the fusion calculation is performed to generate the current carrying capacity degradation index.

[0040] Preferably, firstly, based on the model information of the selected explosion-proof circuit breaker, a sample set of environmental factors and a sample set of current carrying capacity degradation assessment corresponding to that model are retrieved from a pre-set database. The environmental factor sample set contains historical environmental data for that model of explosion-proof circuit breaker, including at least temperature, humidity, and air pressure. The current carrying capacity degradation assessment sample set contains current carrying capacity influence coefficients for that model of circuit breaker that correspond one-to-one with the historical environmental data. Subsequently, an environmental factor influence network is constructed based on a fully connected neural network for each environmental factor, such as a temperature influence network, a humidity influence network, and an air pressure influence network. Each environmental factor influence network is defined as the environmental factor influence relationship for the corresponding environmental factor, used to perform influence analysis on each environmental factor. Subsequently, environmental factor samples and corresponding influence coefficient samples for each environmental factor are extracted from the environmental factor sample set and the current carrying capacity degradation assessment sample set. These data are then organized into temperature-influence coefficient training sets, humidity-influence coefficient training sets, and air pressure-influence coefficient training sets. These training sets are sequentially input into the corresponding environmental factor influence relationships. The training sets are then progressively trained through forward propagation, loss calculation, backpropagation, and parameter optimization until the maximum number of iterations is reached or the loss function converges. After training, the influence relationships of each environmental factor are used to analyze the collected temperature, humidity, and air pressure under the current environment, generating real-time influence coefficients for temperature, humidity, and air pressure. These real-time influence coefficients are then weighted and fused according to the preset weights of each environmental factor to generate a current carrying capacity degradation index for the current environment. This index serves as an important basis for adjusting the overcurrent threshold and is used in subsequent protection strategies to dynamically correct the current setpoint for protection actions, thereby improving the reliability and adaptability of the explosion-proof circuit breaker under various environmental conditions.

[0041] The overcurrent threshold mapping decision relationship is optimized in real time using the current carrying capacity reduction index, and the overcurrent monitoring and protection action is triggered on the bus where the explosion-proof circuit breaker is located based on the optimized overcurrent threshold mapping decision relationship.

[0042] In one embodiment, to achieve environmentally adaptive control of the overcurrent protection capability of the explosion-proof circuit breaker, a previously calculated current carrying capacity reduction index is introduced as a dynamic correction factor into the dynamic adjustment mechanism of the overcurrent threshold. This current carrying capacity reduction index represents the overall weakening effect of current environmental conditions on the equipment's carrying capacity, and its value range is typically between 0 and 1. For example, if the current index is 0.15, it means that the current carrying capacity has decreased by 15% in the current environment. Based on this current carrying capacity reduction index, various overcurrent thresholds determined according to the overcurrent threshold mapping decision relationship are proportionally lowered to ensure that the thresholds match the equipment's carrying capacity in the actual environment. After the threshold adjustment is completed, the bus current connected to the explosion-proof circuit breaker is continuously monitored based on the updated overcurrent threshold mapping decision relationship. When the actual current exceeds or reaches the optimized overcurrent protection current threshold, and the duration exceeds the allowable duration, the overcurrent protection action is triggered, instructing the explosion-proof circuit breaker to trip, disconnect the power supply, and prevent the fault from spreading. This optimization mechanism ensures that the overcurrent protection parameters can be dynamically adapted to the real-time changes in the field environment, effectively improving the response accuracy of explosion-proof circuit breakers under extreme conditions such as high temperature, high humidity, and low air pressure, preventing malfunctions or failures to operate due to unreasonable threshold settings, and enhancing the safety and robustness of the power distribution system.

[0043] Furthermore, this application provides overcurrent monitoring and protection action triggering for the busbar where the explosion-proof circuit breaker is located, and also includes:

[0044] Collect equipment operation data and bus status datasets of the electrical equipment to determine the fault type; monitor the fault elimination based on the fault type, and control the power supply to be reconnected after the fault is eliminated.

[0045] Preferably, to achieve intelligent fault handling and recovery after overcurrent protection, operational data (such as equipment current, voltage, operating status code, temperature rise, etc.) of the electrical equipment connected to the explosion-proof circuit breaker and status data of the busbar (such as phase voltage, three-phase unbalance, current harmonic distribution, voltage drop, etc.) are collected to form a fault diagnosis dataset. Subsequently, the fault diagnosis dataset is input into a fault mode recognition model to determine the current fault type, such as short circuit, grounding, internal equipment anomaly, load change, harmonic disturbance, etc. This fault mode recognition model is built based on a deep neural network, and the specific construction process is the same as the aforementioned type. After fault type identification, the fault elimination monitoring phase begins. During this phase, equipment operating data and bus status datasets are continuously sampled, and the re-collected data is compared with the normal operating range to determine if the fault still exists. For example, if the fault was originally a short circuit, it can be determined by checking if the bus voltage has returned to normal and if the short circuit current has been eliminated; if it is a harmonic anomaly, the harmonic distortion rate is monitored to see if it has decreased to a safe threshold; if it is an internal equipment fault, the equipment is verified to have returned to normal operation or sent a status recovery signal. After the fault status is continuously cleared a set number of times or for a set time, the fault is considered eliminated. At this point, the power supply reconnection control process is automatically initiated, and a reset command is sent to the explosion-proof circuit breaker to execute the closing action. Through the above fault identification and recovery mechanism, the explosion-proof circuit breaker not only possesses basic overcurrent protection functions but also coordinates environmental and equipment information to achieve closed-loop management of the entire fault process, improving the level of intelligent operation and power supply continuity, and reducing manual intervention.

[0046] Furthermore, this application provides a continuous fault monitoring mechanism, which determines whether a persistent fault exists by setting multiple attempts, performs multiple recovery tests, and switches to manual recovery mode if multiple recovery tests fail.

[0047] Optionally, to further enhance the automatic recovery capability of explosion-proof circuit breakers after a fault, a continuous fault monitoring mechanism is established to determine whether the fault is a transient or persistent anomaly. Specifically, when an explosion-proof circuit breaker trips due to overcurrent or other abnormal actions, it is not immediately classified as a permanent fault. Instead, a continuous monitoring mechanism is activated. This mechanism sets a configurable threshold for the number of automatic recovery attempts (e.g., 3-5 times), and attempts to reclose the circuit breaker after each fault is determined to have been eliminated, observing whether the power supply can be stably restored. Before each recovery test, the operating parameters of the electrical equipment and bus status data are re-collected to confirm that the fault signal has indeed been eliminated, and an automatic closing operation is performed. During the short monitoring period after each reconnection, if a fault signal is detected again, the recovery is deemed a failure, and this attempt is recorded as invalid. Subsequently, multiple automatic recovery tests are performed at preset time intervals until the set maximum number of attempts threshold is reached. If the fault is still not successfully eliminated within the maximum number of attempts threshold, it is classified as a persistent fault or a complex anomaly, at which point the system automatically switches to manual recovery mode. In this mode, the automatic closing function is locked, and maintenance personnel need to check on-site and manually remove the fault and reclose the circuit breaker to prevent greater electrical risks or damage to the equipment caused by repeated switching.

[0048] In summary, the embodiments of this application have at least the following technical effects:

[0049] This application first identifies the electrical equipment connected to the busbar where the explosion-proof circuit breaker is located. Then, it determines the load type of the electrical equipment, analyzes the dynamic characteristics of the current pulse waveform based on the load type, and constructs an overcurrent threshold mapping decision relationship. Next, it collects the current environmental data of the explosion-proof circuit breaker, analyzes the impact of the current environment on the current carrying capacity, and generates a current carrying capacity degradation index. Finally, it optimizes the overcurrent threshold mapping decision relationship in real time using the current carrying capacity degradation index, and performs overcurrent monitoring and protection actions on the busbar where the explosion-proof circuit breaker is located based on the optimized overcurrent threshold mapping decision relationship. These technical effects collectively solve the technical problem that traditional explosion-proof circuit breakers have fixed overcurrent setting values ​​and cannot simultaneously accommodate different load conditions and environmental derating, resulting in insufficient protection accuracy and adaptability. This achieves the technical effect of real-time adaptive setting of the overcurrent threshold based on load pulse characteristics and environmental current carrying capacity, improving the accuracy and adaptability of overcurrent protection for explosion-proof circuit breakers.

[0050] Example 2, based on the same inventive concept as the adaptive overcurrent protection method for explosion-proof circuit breakers in the foregoing examples, such as... Figure 2As shown, this application provides an adaptive overcurrent protection system for explosion-proof circuit breakers. The system includes: a connection device determination module 11: determining the electrical equipment connected to the busbar where the explosion-proof circuit breaker is located; a feature analysis module 12: judging the load type of the electrical equipment, performing dynamic feature analysis of the current pulse waveform based on the load type, and constructing an overcurrent threshold mapping decision relationship; a current carrying capacity analysis module 13: collecting the current environmental data of the explosion-proof circuit breaker, analyzing the impact of the current environment on the current carrying capacity, and generating a current carrying capacity reduction index; and an overcurrent monitoring module 14: optimizing the overcurrent threshold mapping decision relationship in real time using the current carrying capacity reduction index, and performing overcurrent monitoring and protection action triggering on the busbar where the explosion-proof circuit breaker is located based on the optimized overcurrent threshold mapping decision relationship.

[0051] Furthermore, the feature parsing module 12 is also used to perform the following method:

[0052] Identify the load type of the electrical equipment, which is one of resistive load, inductive load, or nonlinear load. If the load type is inductive load, determine the current fluctuation characteristics under normal conditions by analyzing the hysteresis characteristics of the current pulse waveform. Collect the current fluctuation characteristics under overcurrent conditions, and combine them with the current fluctuation characteristics under normal conditions to perform overcurrent protection parameter analysis and construct the overcurrent threshold mapping decision relationship.

[0053] Furthermore, the feature parsing module 12 is also used to perform the following method:

[0054] If the load type is a nonlinear load, the harmonic component information of the load is analyzed in real time by performing frequency domain conversion on the current signal; the influence of harmonic current on the total current is analyzed based on the harmonic component information, the overcurrent protection parameters are adjusted, and the overcurrent threshold mapping decision relationship is constructed.

[0055] Furthermore, the feature parsing module 12 is also used to perform the following method:

[0056] If the load type is resistive, fixed overcurrent protection parameters are set according to the rated current of the electrical equipment, and the overcurrent threshold mapping decision relationship is constructed.

[0057] Furthermore, the feature parsing module 12 is also used to perform the following method:

[0058] A comparison analysis is performed between the current fluctuation characteristics under overcurrent conditions and the current fluctuation characteristics under normal conditions to determine the similarities and differences in current fluctuations. Based on the similarities and differences in current fluctuations, a short-time overcurrent tolerance analysis is performed to generate the overcurrent threshold mapping decision relationship using the short-time overcurrent tolerance and overcurrent protection parameters.

[0059] Furthermore, the feature parsing module 12 is also used to perform the following method:

[0060] Based on the harmonic component information, the contribution of each harmonic current to the total current is calculated; an adjustment coefficient is set to control the influence of the harmonic current on the overcurrent threshold; the reference overcurrent protection parameters are adjusted by combining the contribution of each harmonic current to the total current and the adjustment coefficient, thereby generating the overcurrent threshold mapping decision relationship.

[0061] Furthermore, the current carrying capacity analysis module 13 is also used to perform the following method:

[0062] Based on the model information of the explosion-proof circuit breaker, a current carrying capacity degradation assessment sample set based on environmental factors is collected; the impact of various environmental factors on the current carrying capacity of the equipment is analyzed using the current carrying capacity degradation assessment sample set, and the influence relationship of each environmental factor is generated. The environmental factors include at least temperature, humidity and air pressure; the influence relationship of each environmental factor is used to quantify each real-time influence coefficient under the current environment, and the fusion calculation is performed to generate the current carrying capacity degradation index.

[0063] Furthermore, the overcurrent monitoring module 14 is also used to perform the following method:

[0064] Collect equipment operation data and bus status datasets of the electrical equipment to determine the fault type; monitor the fault elimination based on the fault type, and control the power supply to be reconnected after the fault is eliminated.

[0065] Furthermore, the overcurrent monitoring module 14 is also used to perform the following method:

[0066] A continuous fault monitoring mechanism is set up. The continuous fault monitoring mechanism determines whether there is a persistent fault by setting multiple attempts and performing multiple recovery tests. If multiple recovery tests fail, it switches to manual recovery mode.

[0067] It should be noted that the order of the embodiments described above is merely for descriptive purposes and does not represent the superiority or inferiority of the embodiments. Furthermore, the above description focuses on specific embodiments of this specification. The processes depicted in the accompanying drawings do not necessarily require a specific or sequential order to achieve the desired results. In some implementations, multitasking and parallel processing are possible or may be advantageous.

[0068] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

[0069] This specification and accompanying drawings are merely illustrative examples of this application and are intended to cover any and all modifications, variations, combinations, or equivalents within the scope of this application. Clearly, those skilled in the art can make various alterations and modifications to this application without departing from its scope. Therefore, if such modifications and modifications fall within the scope of this application and its equivalents, this application intends to include such modifications and modifications.

Claims

1. An adaptive overcurrent protection method for explosion-proof circuit breakers, characterized in that, include: Determine the electrical equipment connected to the busbar where the explosion-proof circuit breaker is located; The electrical equipment is subjected to load type determination, and the dynamic characteristics of the current pulse waveform are analyzed based on the load type to construct an overcurrent threshold mapping decision relationship, including: Identify the load type of the electrical equipment, wherein the load type is one of resistive load, inductive load, or nonlinear load; If the load type is an inductive load, the current fluctuation characteristics under normal conditions are determined by analyzing the hysteresis characteristics of the current pulse waveform. The current fluctuation characteristics under overcurrent conditions are collected, and the overcurrent protection parameters are analyzed in combination with the current fluctuation characteristics under normal conditions to construct the overcurrent threshold mapping decision relationship. If the load type is a nonlinear load, the harmonic component information of the load is analyzed in real time by performing frequency domain conversion on the current signal; Based on the harmonic component information, analyze the impact of harmonic current on the total current, adjust the overcurrent protection parameters, and construct the overcurrent threshold mapping decision relationship; If the load type is resistive, a fixed overcurrent protection parameter is set according to the rated current of the electrical equipment, and the overcurrent threshold mapping decision relationship is constructed. Collect current environmental data of the explosion-proof circuit breaker, analyze the impact of the current environment on the current carrying capacity, and generate a current carrying capacity reduction index. The overcurrent threshold mapping decision relationship is optimized in real time using the current carrying capacity reduction index, and the overcurrent monitoring and protection action is triggered on the bus where the explosion-proof circuit breaker is located based on the optimized overcurrent threshold mapping decision relationship.

2. The adaptive overcurrent protection method for explosion-proof circuit breakers as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The current fluctuation characteristics under overcurrent conditions are collected, and combined with the current fluctuation characteristics under normal conditions, overcurrent protection parameters are analyzed to construct the overcurrent threshold mapping decision relationship, including: The current fluctuation characteristics under overcurrent conditions and under normal conditions are analyzed to determine the similarities and differences in current fluctuation characteristics. Based on the current fluctuation characteristics, a short-time overcurrent tolerance analysis is performed, and the overcurrent threshold mapping decision relationship is generated using the short-time overcurrent tolerance and overcurrent protection parameters.

3. The adaptive overcurrent protection method for explosion-proof circuit breakers as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the harmonic component information, the impact of harmonic current on the total current is analyzed, overcurrent protection parameters are adjusted, and the overcurrent threshold mapping decision relationship is constructed, including: The contribution of each harmonic current to the total current is calculated based on the harmonic component information. Set an adjustment coefficient to control the degree of influence of harmonic current on the overcurrent threshold; The overcurrent threshold mapping decision relationship is generated by adjusting the reference overcurrent protection parameters by combining the contribution of each harmonic current to the total current and the adjustment coefficient.

4. The adaptive overcurrent protection method for explosion-proof circuit breakers as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Collect current environmental data of the explosion-proof circuit breaker, analyze the impact of the current environment on the current carrying capacity, and generate current carrying capacity degradation indicators, including: Based on the model information of the explosion-proof circuit breaker, a sample set for evaluating the degradation of current carrying capacity based on environmental factors was collected. The current carrying capacity reduction assessment sample set is used to analyze the impact of various environmental factors on the current carrying capacity of the equipment, and the influence relationship of each environmental factor is generated. The environmental factors include temperature, humidity and air pressure. The influence coefficients of each environmental factor under the current environment are quantified based on their respective influence relationships, and then fused together to generate the current carrying capacity reduction index.

5. The adaptive overcurrent protection method for explosion-proof circuit breakers as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Overcurrent monitoring and protection activation of the busbar where the explosion-proof circuit breaker is located also include: Collect equipment operation data and bus status datasets of the electrical equipment to determine the fault type; Based on the fault type, monitor for fault elimination, and control the power supply to be reconnected once the fault is eliminated.

6. The adaptive overcurrent protection method for explosion-proof circuit breakers as described in claim 5, characterized in that, A continuous fault monitoring mechanism is set up. The continuous fault monitoring mechanism determines whether there is a persistent fault by setting multiple attempts and performing multiple recovery tests. If multiple recovery tests fail, it switches to manual recovery mode.

7. An adaptive overcurrent protection system for explosion-proof circuit breakers, characterized in that, The system is used to execute the adaptive overcurrent protection method for an explosion-proof circuit breaker as described in any one of claims 1-6, comprising: Connection Equipment Determination Module: Determines the electrical equipment connected to the busbar where the explosion-proof circuit breaker is located; Feature analysis module: Determines the load type of the electrical equipment, performs dynamic feature analysis of the current pulse waveform based on the load type, and constructs an overcurrent threshold mapping decision relationship; Current carrying capacity analysis module: Collects current environmental data of the explosion-proof circuit breaker, analyzes the impact of the current environment on the current carrying capacity, and generates a current carrying capacity reduction index; Overcurrent monitoring module: Optimizes the overcurrent threshold mapping decision relationship in real time based on the current carrying capacity reduction index, and performs overcurrent monitoring and protection actions on the busbar where the explosion-proof circuit breaker is located based on the optimized overcurrent threshold mapping decision relationship.

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