Matched cultivation method of new Nanfeng tangerine variety with high slag melting degree

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of citrus planting, and particularly discloses a matched cultivation method of a new Nanfeng tangerine variety with high slugging degree, which comprises the following steps: establishment of an orchard, field planting of nursery stocks, soil, fertilizer and water management, shaping and pruning, flower and fruit protection, freeze injury prevention and pest and disease management. The existing bottleneck of Nanfeng tangerine orange industry development is broken through, new vitality is injected to sustainable and healthy development of the Nanfeng tangerine orange industry, the overall industrial competitiveness of Nanfeng tangerine oranges is effectively improved, high-end market requirements are met, and the method has extremely important practical significance and application value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of citrus planting technology, specifically relating to a supporting cultivation method for a new variety of Nanfeng mandarin orange with high residue reduction. Background Technology

[0002] Nanfeng tangerines are a famous local variety of loose-skinned citrus in China, originating in Nanfeng County, Jiangxi Province. They have a long history of cultivation and high economic value. Renowned for their thin skin, few seeds, abundant juice, rich flavor, balanced sweet and sour taste, and intense aroma, they are a national geographical indication protected product. The Nanfeng tangerine industry is a pillar industry of local agriculture, playing a vital role in regional economic development and increasing farmers' income.

[0003] However, in the long-term cultivation and market development of traditional Nanfeng mandarin orange varieties, some key issues that restrict the further upgrading of the industry have gradually emerged:

[0004] 1. Insufficient Melting Speed: This is a core pain point affecting consumers' taste experience. Currently, mainstream Nanfeng mandarin orange varieties (such as small-fruited and large-fruited varieties) generally suffer from strong, tough segments, thick membranes, or noticeably fibrous flesh. When eaten, the flesh does not completely dissolve in the mouth, leaving residue (i.e., low melting speed), affecting the smoothness and delicacy of the taste, thus reducing consumer enjoyment and repeat purchase intention. Especially in the modern consumer market that pursues high-quality fruit, melting speed has become one of the key indicators for evaluating the intrinsic quality of citrus fruits.

[0005] 2. Variety structure needs optimization: Although Nanfeng mandarin oranges have multiple strains, breakthrough varieties that combine multiple excellent traits such as early maturity, high yield, high juiciness, and strong resistance are still scarce. Some early-maturing varieties may lack high yield or flavor; high-yielding varieties may mature late or have weak resistance; and resistant varieties may perform only moderately in terms of juiciness and flavor.

[0006] 3. Increased market competition: Other loose-skinned citrus varieties on the market (such as Wenzhou mandarin oranges and sugar mandarins) excel in terms of juiciness, posing a challenge to the traditional market of Nanfeng mandarins. Improving the juiciness of Nanfeng mandarins is an urgent need to enhance its core market competitiveness.

[0007] 4. Adaptability of cultivation techniques: With the breeding of new varieties, traditional cultivation and management models may not be able to fully realize their high-quality potential, especially for traits closely related to the internal quality of fruit, such as the degree of fruit flaking. These traits require supporting and refined cultivation techniques to ensure their quality.

[0008] Addressing the aforementioned issues, particularly improving the core quality trait of "high slag content," has become a key breakthrough for the upgrading of the Nanfeng mandarin orange industry.

[0009] Although researchers have made continuous efforts in variety selection, there are still huge challenges in significantly improving the pulp's tenderness and integrating excellent traits such as early maturity, high yield, and strong resistance through conventional hybridization breeding methods, while maintaining the inherent excellent flavor and regional characteristics of Nanfeng mandarins.

[0010] "Miguang No. 1" is a groundbreaking new variety of Nanfeng mandarin orange specifically bred against this backdrop. It belongs to the Nanfeng Guang mandarin orange category, and its core innovation lies in the fruit's significantly high juiciness, solving the biggest shortcoming in the taste of traditional Nanfeng mandarin orange varieties.

[0011] At the same time, this variety has excellent overall performance, with characteristics such as early maturity, high yield, strong resistance to adverse conditions (such as good resistance to cold, drought and disease), and juiciness, which effectively makes up for the shortcomings of existing varieties.

[0012] Therefore, developing a cultivation method that matches the "Miguang No. 1" variety, which has "high slag content" characteristics, and can maximize its high-quality potential, is of great practical significance and application value for achieving large-scale, standardized, and high-quality production of this variety, enhancing the overall competitiveness of the Nanfeng mandarin orange industry, and meeting the demands of the high-end market. Summary of the Invention

[0013] The purpose of this invention is to provide a matching cultivation method for a new Nanfeng mandarin orange variety with high gluten content, in order to solve the problems mentioned in the background art, which are that existing varieties cannot simultaneously meet the requirements of multiple excellent traits such as high gluten content, early maturity, high yield, and strong resistance; and that there is a lack of a refined cultivation method specifically for the high gluten content characteristic that can maximize the release of the high quality potential of the new variety, thus failing to guarantee the stable expression of its core quality (especially high gluten content) and high yield and efficiency.

[0014] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0015] A cultivation method for a new Nanfeng mandarin orange variety with high residue reduction, specifically the Nanfeng mandarin orange variety (Miguang No. 1), registration number GPD Citrus (2023) 42002, the cultivation method for the new Nanfeng mandarin orange variety includes the following steps:

[0016] S1. Establishment of the orchard:

[0017] Orchard sites should be selected in areas with an average annual temperature ≥18℃, an average January temperature ≥5℃, a minimum temperature ≥-7℃, an annual accumulated temperature of ≥10℃ of 5500℃ or more, rainfall of 1600mm~1800mm, a frost-free period of 272d~306d, and sunshine of ≥1900h or more.

[0018] The soil conditions should be loose and fertile; main roads, trunk roads, and branch roads should be set up according to the size of the orchard; a drainage ditch 0.5m wide and 0.5m deep should be dug on both sides of the main and branch roads, and a 20m wide drainage ditch should be built next to each section of the orchard. 3 -30m 3 Water storage tanks, and integrated water and fertilizer facilities throughout the entire park;

[0019] S2. Planted seedlings:

[0020] Select seedlings from the seedling market that are free from quarantine diseases and pests, with a height ≥45cm, a diameter (3cm above the grafting point) ≥0.5cm, ≥2 branches (above 25cm in height), a main root length ≥15cm, a branch length ≥15cm, ≥2 lateral roots, and well-developed fibrous roots. Plant the seedlings before new shoots emerge (late February to mid-March) or after the autumn shoots have fully matured (early to mid-October). Dig planting trenches with a row spacing of 5m to 5.5m and a plant spacing of 4m to 4.5m, and apply base fertilizer. When planting, prune the branches, leaves, and roots of the seedlings. Plant the seedlings at a depth where the grafting point is about 2cm above the ground. Water thoroughly to settle the roots and prune the trunk promptly.

[0021] S3. Soil, fertilizer and water management:

[0022] This includes fertilization of young trees, fertilization of mature trees, and water management; young trees should be fertilized 5-6 times a year, mainly with fast-acting nitrogen fertilizer; mature trees should be fertilized four times a year: winter fertilizer, spring fertilizer, fruit-preserving fertilizer, and fruit-expanding fertilizer; the soil moisture content should be maintained at 60%-80% of field capacity.

[0023] S4. Shaping and trimming:

[0024] Shaping and pruning: Young trees should be lightly pruned to cultivate a natural round crown; fruit-bearing trees should have diseased, dead, and overly dense branches pruned before spring buds sprout to improve ventilation and light penetration; fruit thinning should be carried out from the end of June to the beginning of July and excessively long fruit-bearing branches should be shortened.

[0025] S5. Flower and fruit preservation:

[0026] Spray the leaves with the mixed solution 2-3 times during the flowering and young fruit stages, with an interval of 7-10 days between each application.

[0027] For trees with multiple fruits, thin out diseased, malformed, and overly dense fruits from late July to early August; and thin out large, small, and diseased fruits from late August to early September. The amount of fruit thinned should be based on a leaf-to-fruit ratio of 20-30:1.

[0028] S6, Frost Damage Protection:

[0029] Plant protective forests around the orchard to improve microclimate conditions; whitewash the branches and trunks in winter; irrigate before freezing, and mound soil around the tree base to a depth of more than 30cm; tie straw curtains around young trees.

[0030] S7. Pest and Disease Management:

[0031] Prevention is key for pests and diseases. Use broad-spectrum, highly effective, low-toxicity, and fast-degrading pesticides. During the spring budding, flowering, young fruiting, and early shoot growth stages, scab, anthracnose, spider mites, citrus psyllids, and leaf miners are prone to occur. Apply appropriate pesticides twice. In May-June and August-September, focus on controlling pests including citrus psyllids and spider mites.

[0032] Preferably, in S1, the orchard soil has an organic matter content of more than 1.5%, a mature soil layer of more than 60cm, a groundwater level of less than 1m, and a pH value between 5.5 and 6.5. The main road is 7m wide, connects to the highway on the outside, and runs through the entire orchard; the trunk road is 3m to 4m wide, connects to the main road, and leads to each sub-area; the branch road is 1m wide.

[0033] Preferably, in step S2, watering should be done once a day for 3-5 days after planting if there is no rain, to keep the soil around the seedling roots moist. During periods of high temperature and drought, the number of watering days should be extended. The seedlings should be pruned promptly after planting. After the seedlings have survived, fertilizer should be applied and pests and diseases should be controlled in a timely manner. The base fertilizer is specifically made by mixing topsoil, 15-20 kg of commercial organic fertilizer, 2-2.5 kg of cake fertilizer, 1 kg of lime, and 0.5-1 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer with three times the amount of fine soil and then filling the trench as base fertilizer.

[0034] Preferably, 1. Fertilizing young trees

[0035] For the first 3-4 years after planting, promote the growth of young trees by applying fast-acting fertilizer or nitrogen fertilizer, 5-6 times a year. Apply fertilizer during each period of new shoot emergence and leaf greening. Each application per tree, either by trenching or hole, should include at least one of the following: 300-400 grams of urea, 400-500 grams of compound fertilizer, or 2-3 kilograms of diluted, well-rotted manure. For young trees, apply urea once, then diluted, well-rotted manure the next time, and repeat this cycle.

[0036] 2. Fertilizing mature trees

[0037] ① Winter fertilizer, applied before and after fruit harvest. Apply organic fertilizer from early November to mid-December. In soil improvement orchards, fertilizer can be applied in conjunction with the soil improvement. Apply fertilizer in trenches or holes. Apply at least one of the following per plant: 40-50 kg of decomposed pig or cow manure, 6-10 kg of decomposed chicken manure, 2-3 kg of cake fertilizer, and 1 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer.

[0038] ② Spring fertilizer: Apply when spring buds are about to sprout or have just sprouted. Apply 1-1.5 kg of compound fertilizer or 50 kg of well-rotted manure per plant in trenches or holes.

[0039] ③ Fruit preservation fertilizer: After flowering, apply 1 kg of compound fertilizer or 40-50 kg of well-rotted manure diluted with water to each plant in trenches or holes.

[0040] ④ Apply fertilizer for fruit expansion in trenches or holes from the end of June to the beginning of July. Apply 1.5-2 kg of compound fertilizer per plant, or 1.5 kg of cooked soybeans, or 60-70 kg of water-diluted and decomposed manure.

[0041] Preferably, the shaping and pruning in S4 specifically includes the following: after the seedlings are planted, from late February to mid-March before the spring buds sprout, the trunk is shortened to 40cm-45cm. After the shoots emerge, 3-4 strong shoots with a 40°-45° angle to the main trunk and a 5cm-8cm interval between them are selected within the shaping zone 25cm-45cm above the ground as main branches for cultivation. The others are removed by bud removal. During the new shoot growth period from April to August, when the main branches reach 30cm, the tips are pinched to promote branching and cultivate 1-3 secondary main branches. The total number of secondary main branches on the tree is 8-12, forming the tree canopy framework.

[0042] As a result, pruning should be carried out from late February to mid-March before the spring buds sprout. Diseased, dead, drooping, overly dense, and crossing branches should be pruned. The pruned branches should be collected and burned, and the entire orchard should be disinfected with fungicide. From late June to early July, small, diseased, overly dense, and deformed fruits should be removed. The leaf-to-fruit ratio should be controlled at 20-30:1. At the same time, fruits at the top of the branches should be removed to avoid sunburn caused by direct sunlight. On the other hand, excessively long fruiting branches should be shortened to 15-20cm to promote the growth of autumn shoots.

[0043] Preferably, the whitewashing of branches and trunks in winter uses a whitewashing agent with a ratio of 1 kg to 1.5 kg of quicklime, 0.1 kg of sulfur powder, 3 kg to 4 kg of water, and an appropriate amount of salt.

[0044] Preferably, in S5, during the flowering and young fruit stages, the leaves are sprayed 2-3 times with a 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution or a mixture of 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.15% borax, and 0.3% urea, with an interval of 7-10 days between each application. From late July to early August, diseased, deformed, and overly dense fruits are removed. From late August to early September, overly large, undersized, and diseased fruits are removed. Because the fruit of the Honey Guang No. 1 variety is prone to cracking in the mid-to-late stages of ripening, and cracked fruits are easily dropped and rotted, resulting in reduced yield, two applications of 0.14 g / L Ca and 2×10 g / L urea are sprayed from late May to late June. -5 Indoleacetic acid, once a month.

[0045] Preferably, the protective forest planted in S6 is selected from tree species that are fast-growing, tall, long-lived, and have high economic value, suitable for local climate conditions, and that do not share common pests and diseases with citrus, and are not intermediate hosts of citrus, including one of the following: Chinese fir, Australian camellia, and camphor tree.

[0046] Preferably, in step S7, the selected broad-spectrum, highly effective, low-toxicity, and rapidly degradable agents include appropriate agents for controlling scab, anthracnose, spider mites, citrus psyllids, and leaf miners.

[0047] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0048] This invention provides a new Nanfeng mandarin orange variety, "Miguang No. 1," which is easy to peel, has excellent peeling properties, high sugar content, and matures in late November. It boasts superior overall characteristics, making it popular with consumers and offering significant economic benefits with promising prospects for wider adoption. The invention also includes detailed and specific cultivation methods for "Miguang No. 1," covering orchard establishment, seedling planting, soil, fertilizer, and water management, pruning, flower and fruit preservation, frost damage prevention, and pest and disease control. The large-scale promotion and planting of "Miguang No. 1" will break through existing bottlenecks in the development of the Nanfeng mandarin orange industry, inject new vitality into its sustainable and healthy development, effectively enhance the overall competitiveness of the Nanfeng mandarin orange industry, and meet the demands of the high-end market. This invention has extremely important practical significance and application value. Detailed Implementation

[0049] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0050] Example 1:

[0051] A new variety of Nanfeng mandarin orange with high peeling properties, "Miguang No. 1", was selected from the seedlings of Nanfeng mandarin oranges and then obtained through qualitative and domestication processes. It is a superior variety with production and application value. This variety is easy to peel, has good peeling properties, high sugar content, and matures in late November. It has excellent overall characteristics and is suitable for spring and autumn planting in Nanfeng, Jiangxi. It was registered with the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China in 2023, with the registration number GPD Citrus (2023) 42002.

[0052] The above-mentioned cultivation method for the high-residue-reduction Nanfeng mandarin orange variety "Miguang No. 1" includes the following steps:

[0053] S1. Establishment of the orchard:

[0054] Orchard sites should be selected in areas with an average annual temperature ≥18℃, an average January temperature ≥5℃, a minimum temperature ≥-7℃, an annual accumulated temperature of ≥10℃ of 5500℃ or more, rainfall of 1600mm~1800mm, a frost-free period of 272d~306d, and sunshine of ≥1900h or more.

[0055] The soil conditions should be loose, fertile, and of good texture, with an organic matter content of more than 1.5%, a mature soil layer of more than 60 cm, a groundwater level of less than 1 m, and a pH value between 5.5 and 6.5.

[0056] Based on the size of the orange grove, main roads, trunk roads, and branch roads are set up. The main road is 7m wide, connects to the highway on the outside, and runs through the entire grove; the trunk roads are 3m to 4m wide, connect to the main road, and lead to various sub-areas; the branch roads are 1m wide.

[0057] On both sides of the main road and branch roads, dig a drainage ditch 0.5m wide and 0.5m deep to facilitate drainage. Build a 20m³-30m³ water storage tank next to each section of the orchard, and establish an integrated water and fertilizer system throughout the orchard for convenient irrigation and fertilization.

[0058] S2. Planted seedlings:

[0059] Select grafted seedlings from the seedling market that are free from quarantine diseases and pests, with a height of ≥45cm, a diameter of ≥0.5cm (3cm above the grafting point), ≥2 branches (25cm or more above the seedling height), a main root length of ≥15cm, a branch length of ≥15cm, ≥2 lateral roots, and well-developed fibrous roots.

[0060] Planting should be completed before new shoots emerge (late February to mid-March) or after the autumn shoots of the seedlings have fully matured (early to mid-October). Dig planting trenches with a row spacing of 5m to 5.5m and a plant spacing of 4m to 4.5m. Mix the topsoil, 15-20kg of commercial organic fertilizer, 2kg to 2.5kg of cake fertilizer, 1kg of lime, and 0.5kg to 1kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer with three times the amount of fine soil and fill the trenches as base fertilizer.

[0061] When planting, first prune the branches, leaves, and roots of the seedling appropriately. Then, place the seedling in the center, spread out the roots, straighten it, and press the fine soil down in layers, tamping it down with your feet. Add a small amount of fine soil again and water thoroughly. The planting depth should be about 2cm above the ground at the graft union. For 3-5 days after planting, water once a day unless it rains, keeping the soil around the roots moist. During hot and dry weather, extend the watering period. Prune the seedling promptly after planting. Once the seedling has established itself, fertilize promptly and control pests and diseases.

[0062] S3. Soil, fertilizer and water management:

[0063] 1. Fertilizing young trees

[0064] For the first 3-4 years after planting, the main focus for young trees is to promote growth and develop a good tree structure as quickly as possible. This should be achieved primarily with quick-acting fertilizers or nitrogen fertilizers, applied 5-6 times per year. Fertilizer should be applied during each period of new shoot emergence and leaf greening. Each application should be 300-400 grams of urea, or 400-500 grams of compound fertilizer, or 2-3 kg of diluted, well-rotted manure per tree, either in trenches or holes. Ideally, urea should be applied once, followed by diluted, well-rotted manure, and this cycle should be repeated to promote robust shoots, thick, green leaves, and improve the young tree's resistance to adverse conditions.

[0065] 2. Fertilizing mature trees

[0066] ① Winter fertilizer. Apply before and after fruit harvest, with an appropriate amount of heavy application of organic fertilizer, from early November to mid-December. In orchards undergoing soil improvement, fertilizer can be applied in conjunction with the fertilizer application, using trench or hole application. For each plant, apply 40-50 kg of well-rotted pig or cow manure or 6-10 kg of well-rotted chicken manure, 2-3 kg of cake fertilizer, and 1 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer.

[0067] ② Spring fertilizer. Apply fertilizer when spring buds are about to sprout or have just sprouted. Apply 1-1.5 kg of compound fertilizer per plant in trenches or holes, or dilute with 50 kg of well-rotted manure.

[0068] ③ Fruit preservation fertilizer. After flowering, apply 1 kg of compound fertilizer or 40-50 kg of well-rotted manure to each plant in trenches or holes.

[0069] ④ Fertilizer for fruit expansion. Apply fertilizer in trenches or holes from the end of June to the beginning of July. Apply 1.5-2 kg of compound fertilizer per plant, or 1.5 kg of cooked soybeans, or 60-70 kg of well-rotted manure diluted with water.

[0070] 3. Water Management

[0071] Irrigation should be provided during the dry season, and drainage should be provided promptly during the rainy season. The soil moisture content should ideally be maintained at 60%–80% of field capacity.

[0072] In S3, if the orchard is located in areas lacking organic matter and with shallow topsoil, such as red or yellow soil, soil improvement should be carried out for 2-3 consecutive years. Soil improvement can be done annually by digging trenches on both sides of the trees, extending outwards from the planting furrows, and burying fertilizer. The trenches should be 1-1.2 meters wide and 0.6-0.8 meters deep. For each tree, use 40-50 kg of commercial organic fertilizer, 15-20 kg of crushed straw, 30-40 kg of well-rotted pig or cow manure, 1 kg of oilseed cake, and 0.5 kg of superphosphate. Mix the fertilizer with the soil before burying.

[0073] Ternary compound fertilizer refers to a fertilizer containing N, P, and K nutrients in a mixture.

[0074] S4. Shaping and trimming:

[0075] Pruning of young trees is mainly light, focusing on cultivating a strong, productive tree framework, increasing branching levels, rapidly forming a natural, rounded crown, and promoting early fruiting. After planting, from late February to mid-March before spring bud break, the trunk is shortened to 40-45cm. After new shoots emerge, select 3-4 vigorous, evenly distributed shoots with an angle of 40-45° to the main trunk, spaced 5-8cm apart, within a shaping zone 25-45cm above the ground, to be cultivated as main branches. Remove buds and sprouts from the remaining shoots. During the new shoot growth period from April to August, when the main branches reach 30cm, pinch off the tips to encourage branching, cultivating 1-3 secondary main branches, resulting in 8-12 secondary main branches on the entire tree, forming the crown framework.

[0076] As a result, tree pruning should be carried out from late February to mid-March before the spring buds sprout. Diseased, dead, drooping, overly dense, and crossing branches should be pruned to improve ventilation and light penetration within the tree. The pruned branches should be collected and burned, and the entire orchard should be disinfected with fungicide. From late June to early July, undersized, diseased, overly dense, and malformed fruits should be removed. The leaf-to-fruit ratio should be controlled at around 20-30:1 to ensure that the fruits have sufficient nutrition and can expand normally. At the same time, fruits at the top of the branches should be removed to avoid sunburn caused by direct sunlight. On the other hand, excessively long fruiting branches should be shortened to 15-20cm to promote the growth of autumn shoots.

[0077] S5. Flower and fruit preservation:

[0078] When the trees of Miguang No. 1 are weak, have few flowers and fruits, or are affected by adverse weather during the flowering and young fruit stages, measures should be taken to protect the flowers and fruits. During the flowering and young fruit stages, spray the leaves 2-3 times with a 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution or a mixture of 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.15% borax, and 0.3% urea, with an interval of 7-10 days between each application.

[0079] The MiGuang No. 1 variety exhibits good yield and stability. However, with proper fertilizer and water management, it is prone to excessive fruit set. If fruit thinning is not done in time, it can lead to uneven fruit size and an increase in small fruits, increasing the burden on the tree and causing alternate bearing or tree weakness. For trees with abundant fruit, remove diseased, malformed, and overly dense fruits from late July to early August; and remove excessively large, undersized, and diseased fruits from late August to early September. The amount of fruit thinning should be based on a leaf-to-fruit ratio of 20–30:1.

[0080] Because the fruit of the Miguang No. 1 variety is prone to cracking in the mid-to-late stages of ripening, and the cracked fruit is easily dropped and rotted, resulting in reduced yield, a 0.14 g / L Ca and 2×10⁻⁶ foliar spray were applied twice from late May to late June. -5 Indoleacetic acid, once a month, can effectively prevent and slow down fruit cracking.

[0081] S6, Frost Damage Protection:

[0082] Plant protective forests around the orchard to improve microclimate conditions; whitewash the branches and trunks in winter (the ratio of whitewash is 1kg-1.5kg quicklime, 0.1kg sulfur powder, 3kg-4kg water, and a small amount of salt); irrigate before freezing, and mound soil around the tree base to a depth of more than 30cm; tie straw mats around young trees.

[0083] The protective forests planted in S6 should be selected from fast-growing, tall, long-lived tree species with high economic value that are suitable for the local climate. At the same time, they should not share common pests and diseases with citrus and should not be intermediate hosts for citrus. Such species can be one of the following: Chinese fir, Australian camellia, or camphor tree.

[0084] S7. Pest and Disease Management:

[0085] Prevention is key in pest and disease control. From an environmental perspective, broad-spectrum, highly effective, low-toxicity, and rapidly degradable pesticides should be selected. During the spring budding, flowering, young fruit development, and early shoot emergence stages, diseases such as scab, anthracnose, spider mites, citrus psyllids, and leaf miners are prone to occur; apply appropriate pesticides twice for control. Focus on controlling citrus psyllids and spider mites in May-June and August-September.

[0086] In S7, broad-spectrum, highly effective, low-toxicity, and rapidly degradable pesticides are selected, including those for controlling scab, anthracnose, spider mites, citrus psyllids, and leaf miners.

[0087] In the above steps, the chemical agents for preventing and controlling scab disease include: 77% copper hydroxide wettable powder at 800-1000 times dilution, or 25% azoxystrobin suspension at 800-1000 times dilution, or 60% azoxystrobin-mancozeb water-dispersible granules at 1000-2000 times dilution.

[0088] Chemical agents for the prevention and control of anthrax include: 80% mancozeb wettable powder at a dilution of 600-800 times, or 20% prochloraz wettable powder at a dilution of 1500-2500 times.

[0089] Chemical agents for controlling spider mites include: 20% fenfluroxyfen at a dilution of 2000–2500 times, or 22.4% spirotetramat suspension at a dilution of 2500–3000 times; or 25% abamectin + etoxazole at a dilution of 2000–2500 times.

[0090] Chemical agents for controlling citrus psyllids include: 70% thiamethoxam wettable powder for root irrigation, 2-3 times a year. In orchards with severe psyllid infestations, apply once each in March, May-June, and August-September. In orchards with milder psyllid infestations, apply once each in May-June and August-September.

[0091] Chemical agents for controlling leaf miners include: 2.5% deltamethrin at 3000-4000 times dilution, 5% dicofol at 2000-2500 times dilution, or 10% bifenthrin emulsifiable concentrate at 2500-2500 times dilution.

[0092] It should be understood that numerous specific implementation decisions can be made during the development of any practical implementation, such as in any engineering or design project. Such development efforts may be complex and time-consuming, but for those skilled in the art who benefit from this disclosure, the development effort will be a routine work of design, manufacturing, and production without requiring much experimentation.

[0093] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A supporting cultivation method for a new variety of Nanfeng mandarin orange with high residue reduction, characterized in that, The specific new variety of Nanfeng mandarin orange is (Miguang No. 1), with registration number GPD Citrus (2023) 42002. The supporting cultivation method for the new Nanfeng mandarin orange variety includes the following steps: S1. Establishment of the orchard: Orchard sites should be selected in areas with an average annual temperature ≥18℃, an average January temperature ≥5℃, a minimum temperature ≥-7℃, an annual accumulated temperature of ≥10℃ of 5500℃ or more, rainfall of 1600mm~1800mm, a frost-free period of 272d~306d, and sunshine of ≥1900h or more. The soil conditions should be loose and fertile; main roads, trunk roads, and branch roads should be set up according to the size of the orchard; a drainage ditch 0.5m wide and 0.5m deep should be dug on both sides of the main and branch roads, and a 20m wide drainage ditch should be built next to each section of the orchard. 3 -30m 3 Water storage tanks, and integrated water and fertilizer facilities throughout the entire park; S2. Planted seedlings: Select seedlings from the seedling market that are free from quarantine diseases and pests, with a height ≥45cm, a diameter (3cm above the grafting point) ≥0.5cm, ≥2 branches (above 25cm in height), a main root length ≥15cm, a branch length ≥15cm, ≥2 lateral roots, and well-developed fibrous roots. Plant the seedlings before new shoots emerge (late February to mid-March) or after the autumn shoots have fully matured (early to mid-October). Dig planting trenches with a row spacing of 5m to 5.5m and a plant spacing of 4m to 4.5m, and apply base fertilizer. When planting, prune the branches, leaves, and roots of the seedlings. Plant the seedlings at a depth where the grafting point is about 2cm above the ground. Water thoroughly to settle the roots and prune the trunk promptly. S3. Soil, fertilizer and water management: This includes fertilization of young trees, fertilization of mature trees, and water management; young trees should be fertilized 5-6 times a year, mainly with fast-acting nitrogen fertilizer; mature trees should be fertilized four times a year: winter fertilizer, spring fertilizer, fruit-preserving fertilizer, and fruit-expanding fertilizer; the soil moisture content should be maintained at 60%-80% of field capacity. S4. Shaping and trimming: Shaping and pruning: Young trees should be lightly pruned to cultivate a natural round crown; fruit-bearing trees should have diseased, dead, and overly dense branches pruned before spring buds sprout to improve ventilation and light penetration; fruit thinning should be carried out from the end of June to the beginning of July and excessively long fruit-bearing branches should be shortened. S5. Flower and fruit preservation: Spray the mixed solution on the leaves 2-3 times during the flowering and young fruit stages; thin the fruit according to a leaf-to-fruit ratio of 20-30:

1. S6, Frost Damage Protection: Plant protective forests around the orchard to improve microclimate conditions; whitewash branches and trunks in winter; water before freezing; mound soil around the base of the trees to a depth of at least 30cm; tie straw mats around young trees. S7. Pest and Disease Management: Prevention is key for pests and diseases. Use broad-spectrum, highly effective, low-toxicity, and fast-degrading pesticides. During the spring budding, flowering, young fruiting, and early shoot growth stages, scab, anthracnose, spider mites, citrus psyllids, and leaf miners are prone to occur. Apply appropriate pesticides twice. In May-June and August-September, focus on controlling pests including citrus psyllids and spider mites.

2. The supporting cultivation method for a new Nanfeng mandarin orange variety with high residue reduction as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The orchard soil in S1 has an organic matter content of more than 1.5%, a mature soil layer of more than 60cm, a groundwater level of less than 1m, and a pH value between 5.5 and 6.

5. The main road is 7m wide, connects to the highway on the outside, and runs through the entire orchard; the trunk road is 3m to 4m wide, connects to the main road, and leads to each sub-area; the branch road is 1m wide.

3. The supporting cultivation method for a new Nanfeng mandarin orange variety with high residue reduction as described in claim 1, characterized in that: For the S2 seedlings, water once a day for 3-5 days after planting if there is no rain, keeping the soil around the roots moist. During periods of high temperature and drought, the watering period should be extended. After planting, the main stem should be pruned in time. After the seedlings survive, fertilize and control pests and diseases in a timely manner. The base fertilizer is made by thoroughly mixing topsoil, 15-20 kg of commercial organic fertilizer, 2-2.5 kg of cake fertilizer, 1 kg of lime, and 0.5-1 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer with three times the amount of fine soil and then filling the trench as base fertilizer.

4. The supporting cultivation method for a new Nanfeng mandarin orange variety with high residue reduction as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The soil, fertilizer, and water management specifically includes:

1. Fertilizing young trees For the first 3-4 years after planting, promote tree growth by applying fast-acting fertilizer or nitrogen fertilizer, 5-6 times a year. Apply fertilizer during each new shoot and leaf greening period. Each application per tree, either in trenches or holes, should include at least one of the following: 300-400 grams of urea, 400-500 grams of compound fertilizer, or 2-3 kg of diluted, well-rotted manure. For young trees, apply urea once, then diluted, well-rotted manure the next time, and repeat this cycle.

2. Fertilization of mature trees. ① Winter fertilizer, applied before and after fruit harvest. Apply organic fertilizer from early November to mid-December. In soil improvement orchards, fertilizer can be applied in conjunction with the soil improvement. Apply fertilizer in trenches or holes. Apply at least one of the following per plant: 40-50 kg of decomposed pig or cow manure, 6-10 kg of decomposed chicken manure, 2-3 kg of cake fertilizer, and 1 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer. ② Spring fertilizer: Apply when spring buds are about to sprout or have just sprouted. Apply 1-1.5 kg of compound fertilizer or 50 kg of well-rotted manure per plant in trenches or holes. ③ Fruit preservation fertilizer: After flowering, apply 1 kg of compound fertilizer or 40-50 kg of well-rotted manure to each plant in trenches or holes. ④ Apply fertilizer for fruit expansion in trenches or holes from the end of June to the beginning of July. Apply 1.5-2 kg of compound fertilizer per plant, or 1.5 kg of cooked soybeans, or 60-70 kg of water-diluted and decomposed manure.

5. The supporting cultivation method for a new Nanfeng mandarin orange variety with high residue reduction as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The specific shaping and pruning in S4 includes the following steps: After the seedlings are planted, from late February to mid-March before the spring buds sprout, the trunk is shortened to 40-45cm. After the shoots emerge, 3-4 strong shoots with a 40-45° angle to the main trunk and a 5-8cm interval between them are selected within the shaping zone 25-45cm above the ground as main branches. The others are removed by bud removal. During the new shoot growth period from April to August, when the main branches reach 30cm, the tips are pinched to promote branching and cultivate 1-3 secondary main branches. The total number of secondary main branches on the tree is 8-12, forming the canopy framework. As a result, pruning should be carried out from late February to mid-March before the spring buds sprout. Diseased, dead, drooping, overly dense, and crossing branches should be pruned. The pruned branches should be collected and burned, and the entire orchard should be disinfected with fungicide. From late June to early July, small, diseased, overly dense, and deformed fruits should be removed. The leaf-to-fruit ratio should be controlled at 20-30:

1. At the same time, fruits at the top of the branches should be removed to avoid sunburn caused by direct sunlight. On the other hand, excessively long fruiting branches should be shortened to 15-20cm to promote the growth of autumn shoots.

6. The supporting cultivation method for a new Nanfeng mandarin orange variety with high residue reduction as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In winter, the branches and trunks are whitewashed. The proportion of the whitewash is 1 kg to 1.5 kg of quicklime, 0.1 kg of sulfur powder, 3 kg to 4 kg of water, and an appropriate amount of salt.

7. The supporting cultivation method for a new Nanfeng mandarin orange variety with high residue reduction as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In S3, if the orchard is a plot of red or yellow soil lacking organic matter and with a shallow topsoil layer, soil improvement should be carried out for 2 to 3 consecutive years. Soil improvement can be carried out annually by digging trenches on both sides of the tree, extending outward from the planting ditch, and burying fertilizer to improve the soil. The trenches should be 1-1.2 meters wide and 0.6-0.8 meters deep. For each tree, use 40-50 kg of commercial organic fertilizer, 15-20 kg of crushed straw, 30-40 kg of decomposed pig and cow manure, 1 kg of oilseed cake, and 0.5 kg of superphosphate. Mix the fertilizer with the soil and then bury it. In S3, the ternary compound fertilizer refers to a fertilizer containing N, P, and K nutrients in a mixed mixture.

8. The supporting cultivation method for a new Nanfeng mandarin orange variety with high residue reduction as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In S5, during the flowering and young fruit stages, spray the leaves 2-3 times with a 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution or a mixture of 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.15% borax, and 0.3% urea, with an interval of 7-10 days between each application. From late July to early August, thin out diseased, malformed, and overly dense fruits. From late August to early September, thin out overly large, undersized, and diseased fruits. Because the fruit of Miguang No. 1 is prone to cracking in the mid-to-late stages of ripening, and cracked fruits are easily dropped and rotted, resulting in reduced yield, spray twice with 0.14 g / L Ca and 2×10 ppm urea solution from late May to late June. -5 Indoleacetic acid, once a month.

9. The supporting cultivation method for a new Nanfeng mandarin orange variety with high residue reduction as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The protective forest planted in S6 shall be selected from tree species that are fast-growing, tall, long-lived, and have high economic value, suitable for local climate conditions, and that do not share common pests and diseases with citrus, and are not intermediate hosts of citrus, including one of the following: Chinese fir, Australian camellia, and camphor tree.

10. The supporting cultivation method for a new Nanfeng mandarin orange variety with high residue reduction as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In S7, the selected broad-spectrum, highly effective, low-toxicity, and rapidly degradable agents include corresponding agents for the control of scab, anthracnose, spider mites, citrus psyllids, and leaf miners.