Intelligent lightning arrester capable of monitoring lightning current and monitoring method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of lightning current monitoring, and particularly discloses an intelligent lightning arrester capable of monitoring lightning current and a monitoring method, which have the beneficial effects that localized operation calculation is performed through a rule engine, the diagnosis time consumption can be reduced, sampling can be quickly triggered through a dynamic threshold value, communication is performed through a dual-mode communication module, and the intelligent lightning arrester capable of monitoring the lightning current can be used for monitoring the lightning current. Therefore, timely data detection and real-time alarm can be realized, the characteristic extraction unit is used for extracting peak current Ip, wavefront time Tf, wave tail time Tt and oscillation index Oi to realize full coverage of waveform characteristics, and the life evaluation unit is used for calculating accumulated damage and residual life percentage of the equipment to realize full coverage of the waveform characteristics. The trigger threshold value of the current is calculated through the threshold value calculation formula according to the environment temperature and the relative humidity detected by the temperature and humidity sensor, accurate monitoring is achieved, and the situation of false alarm is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power system lightning protection technology, specifically to an intelligent surge arrester and monitoring method capable of monitoring lightning current, applicable to wind power, photovoltaic and other new energy power plants and high-voltage transmission lines. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of new power systems, the power grid structure is becoming increasingly complex, exhibiting new characteristics of mixed strong and weak current connections. Frequent lightning strikes are causing increasingly prominent problems such as wind turbine damage, power line tripping, and DC system commutation failures. The mechanisms of lightning-induced disasters still need further clarification. The widespread integration of high-proportion renewable energy sources and power electronic equipment makes mathematical modeling of lightning strikes involving distributed or centralized source-end equipment combined with primary and secondary system equipment difficult. Equivalent simulation modeling and risk assessment that balance accuracy and practicality are challenging. Traditional lightning protection measures often focus on passive defense, lacking real-time monitoring and high-precision data acquisition capabilities for lightning strikes, making it difficult to meet the fault defense requirements of modern power systems for "wide-area coordination and decentralized self-regulation."

[0003] With the development of smart grids, traditional surge arresters have the following drawbacks:

[0004] 1. Data lag: Relying on manual inspections to read data, unable to provide real-time early warnings;

[0005] 2. Limited functionality: It only records peak current and cannot obtain waveform characteristics to correlate with equipment damage;

[0006] 3. Poor environmental adaptability: The fixed trigger threshold leads to a higher false alarm rate in high temperature and high humidity environments;

[0007] To address the aforementioned issues, an intelligent surge arrester and monitoring method for monitoring lightning current are proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides an intelligent surge arrester and monitoring method capable of monitoring lightning current. This invention is achieved through the following technical solutions.

[0009] An intelligent surge arrester capable of monitoring lightning current includes a surge arrester body, a sealed cylinder, and an electrical control box. The surge arrester body is fixedly connected to a mounting flange at its bottom end, an insulating base is fixedly connected to the upper end of the sealed cylinder, a drain wire is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the surge arrester body, and the lower end of the drain wire passes through the insulating base and the sealed cylinder. The electrical control box is equipped with a power supply component, and a temperature and humidity sensor is installed on the outside of the electrical control box.

[0010] The electrical control box and the sealed cylinder are equipped with monitoring components, which include:

[0011] The sensor module is a non-contact Rogowski coil, which is fixed inside the sealed cylinder and arranged around the drain line;

[0012] The signal conditioning module, which is located inside the electrical control box, includes an instrumentation amplifier and a Bessel low-pass filter, and is used to output an analog voltage signal that is proportional to the rate of change of current.

[0013] A data processing module, located inside the electrical control box, is used to perform dynamic threshold calculation, waveform feature extraction, and rule engine diagnosis.

[0014] The communication module is located inside the electrical control box and supports LoRa and 4G CAT1 dual-mode transmission for data transmission.

[0015] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the mounting flange is bolted to the insulating seat, a sealing gasket is provided between the mounting flange and the insulating seat, and an insulating sealing ring is provided at the position where the drain line passes through the sealing cylinder.

[0016] The mounting bracket includes a limiting tube and a screw. The rear end of the limiting tube is fixedly connected to a mounting plate, and the front end of the limiting tube is rotatably connected to an adjusting nut. Limiting rods are fixedly connected to both the upper and lower sides inside the limiting tube.

[0017] The screw is inserted and connected to the limiting tube, and is threadedly connected to the adjusting nut. Limiting grooves are provided on both the upper and lower sides of the screw. The limiting grooves are slidably connected to the corresponding limiting rod. An insulating block is fixedly connected to the front end of the screw, and the front end of the insulating block is fixedly connected to the insulating seat.

[0018] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the power supply component includes a photovoltaic panel, a wind turbine, a battery, a wind-solar hybrid controller, and an inverter. The photovoltaic panel is fixedly connected to the upper end of the electrical control box, the wind turbine is located on one side of the electrical control box, and the battery, the wind-solar hybrid controller, and the inverter are located inside the electrical control box.

[0019] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the data processing module includes:

[0020] Analog-to-digital converter, used to capture microsecond-level waveform details of lightning current;

[0021] A dynamic threshold unit is used to adjust the current trigger threshold in real time according to environmental parameters;

[0022] Feature extraction unit, the feature extraction unit is used to extract peak current I p Wavefront time T f Wave tail time T t Oscillator O i ;

[0023] Rule engine unit: Outputs device damage risk level based on predefined rule tables;

[0024] Life assessment unit: Calculates the device's cumulative damage Damage (Damsge) and remaining lifespan percentage (Life_left).

[0025] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the data processing module integrates a BeiDou positioning unit and outputs latitude and longitude coordinates and a UTC timestamp.

[0026] A lightning current monitoring method based on surge arresters includes the following steps:

[0027] S1. Current signal acquisition: The current signal of the bleeder is induced by the Rogowski coil, and an analog voltage signal proportional to it is obtained. After the analog voltage signal is amplified and filtered by the signal conditioning module, the analog voltage V is output.

[0028] S2, Dynamic Threshold Triggering and Sampling: When the analog voltage V>V th When, where V th Corresponding dynamic current trigger threshold I th The analog-to-digital converter is started to acquire 1024 waveforms at a rate of 1MSPS, covering the full waveform of standard lightning current, with wavefronts of 1–10μs and wave tails of 20–200μs.

[0029] S3. Feature Extraction and Spatiotemporal Fusion: I is calculated through the feature extraction unit. p T f T t and O i Data packets are generated by integrating BeiDou positioning information;

[0030] S4. Rule Engine Diagnosis: Determines the risk level based on predefined rule tables and calculates the remaining lifespan of the equipment;

[0031] S5, Low-power encrypted transmission: Performs LZW compression and XXTEA encryption on data packets, and selects LoRa or 4G CAT1 for data transmission according to the risk level through the communication module.

[0032] As a further aspect of the present invention, in step S1, the simulated voltage is calculated using V = k, where k is the mutual inductance coefficient of the Rogowski coil, d represents the differential, and dI / dt can be obtained through I... p / T f Perform approximate calculations.

[0033] As a further aspect of the present invention, in step S2, the current trigger threshold I th Calculate using the following formula:

[0034]

[0035] Where I bast =50A,T amb For ambient temperature, H humidity The relative humidity is measured in real time using a temperature and humidity sensor with a sampling rate of 1 Hz.

[0036] As a further aspect of the present invention, in step S4, the predefined rules are as follows:

[0037] If I p >50kA and T f If the time is less than 2μs, a WARNING alarm will be output to initiate a weekly inspection plan for the surge arrester.

[0038] If I p / T f >80kA / μs, output HIGH alarm, power limited operation, maintenance within 24 hours;

[0039] If I p >100kA or O i >15, output CRITICAL alarm, immediately cut off power, and push red alarm;

[0040] The remaining lifespan percentage is calculated using the following formula:

[0041]

[0042]

[0043] Where Damage represents the cumulative damage to the arrester body from each lightning strike, Life_left represents the percentage of the arrester body's remaining lifespan, and C rated The preset value for the total withstand capacity of the surge arrester body.

[0044] As a further aspect of the present invention, in step S5, the transmission strategy of the communication module is as follows:

[0045] LoRa mode: Transmits heartbeat data and WARNING alarms, with a transmission interval of ≥5 minutes;

[0046] 4G CAT1 mode: Transmits CRITICAL / HIGH alarms with a latency of <300ms.

[0047] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0048] 1. To address the issues of data lag, reliance on manual inspections for data reading, and the inability to provide real-time alerts, this invention utilizes a rule engine for localized computation, reducing diagnostic time. Dynamic thresholds enable rapid sampling, and a dual-mode communication module facilitates timely data detection and real-time alarms.

[0049] 2. To address the issue of limited functionality, only recording peak current and failing to correlate waveform features with equipment damage, a feature extraction unit is used to extract the peak current I. p Wavefront time T f Wave tail time T t Oscillator O i It achieves full coverage of waveform characteristics and calculates the cumulative damage and remaining life percentage of the equipment through the life assessment unit.

[0050] 3. To address the issues of poor environmental adaptability and high false alarm rates in high-temperature and high-humidity environments caused by fixed trigger thresholds, the current trigger threshold is calculated using a threshold calculation formula based on the ambient temperature and relative humidity detected by the temperature and humidity sensor. This enables accurate monitoring and avoids false alarms. Attached Figure Description

[0051] To more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0052] Figure 1 This is the front view of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the electrical control box described in this invention;

[0054] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the mounting bracket structure described in this invention;

[0055] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the mounting bracket and sensor module mounting structure described in this invention;

[0056] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the surge arrester described in this invention;

[0057] Figure 6 This is a flowchart of the present invention.

[0058] The attached figures are labeled as follows:

[0059] 1. Surge arrester body; 2. Mounting flange; 3. Insulating base; 4. Sealing cylinder; 5. Drain wire; 6. Mounting bracket; 7. Electrical control box; 8. Photovoltaic panel; 9. Wind turbine; 10. Battery; 11. Wind-solar hybrid controller; 12. Inverter; 13. Signal conditioning module; 14. Data processing module; 15. Communication module; 16. Mounting plate; 17. Limiting tube; 18. Adjusting nut; 19. Limiting rod; 20. Insulating block; 21. Screw; 22. Limiting groove; 23. Sensor module; 24. Insulating sealing ring; 25. Sealing gasket. Detailed Implementation

[0060] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0061] like Figure 1-6 As shown, the present invention has the following two specific embodiments.

[0062] Example 1

[0063] An intelligent surge arrester capable of monitoring lightning current includes a surge arrester body 1, a sealed cylinder 4, and an electrical control box 7. The bottom end of the surge arrester body 1 is fixedly connected to a mounting flange 2, the upper end of the sealed cylinder 4 is fixedly connected to an insulating base 3, the bottom end of the surge arrester body 1 is fixedly connected to a drain wire 5, the lower end of the drain wire 5 passes through the insulating base 3 and the sealed cylinder 4, the electrical control box 7 is equipped with a power supply component, and a temperature and humidity sensor is installed on the outside of the electrical control box 7.

[0064] The electrical control box 7 and the sealed cylinder 4 are equipped with monitoring components, which include:

[0065] Sensor module 23 is a non-contact Rogowski coil, which is fixed inside the sealed cylinder 4 and arranged around the drain line 5;

[0066] Signal conditioning module 13, which is located inside the electrical control box 7, includes an instrumentation amplifier and a Bessel low-pass filter, and is used to output an analog voltage signal that is proportional to the rate of change of current.

[0067] Data processing module 14 is located inside the electrical control box 7 and is used to perform dynamic threshold calculation, waveform feature extraction and rule engine diagnosis.

[0068] Communication module 15 is located inside the electrical control box 7 and supports LoRa and 4G CAT1 dual-mode transmission for data transmission.

[0069] The mounting flange 2 is bolted to the insulating base 3. A sealing gasket 25 is provided between the mounting flange 2 and the insulating base 3. An insulating sealing ring 24 is provided at the position where the drain line 5 passes through the sealing cylinder 4. The mounting bracket 6 includes a limiting tube 17 and a screw 21. The rear end of the limiting tube 17 is fixedly connected to the mounting plate 16. The front end of the limiting tube 17 is rotatably connected to the adjusting nut 18. Limiting rods 19 are fixedly connected to the upper and lower sides inside the limiting tube 17. The screw 21 is inserted into the limiting tube 17 and threadedly connected to the adjusting nut 18. Limiting grooves 22 are provided on the upper and lower sides of the screw 21. The limiting grooves 22 are slidably connected to the limiting rods 19. An insulating block 20 is fixedly connected to the front end of the screw 21. The front end of the insulating block 20 is fixedly connected to the insulating base 3.

[0070] The power supply components include a photovoltaic panel 8, a wind turbine 9, a battery 10, a wind-solar hybrid controller 11, and an inverter 12. The photovoltaic panel 8 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the electrical control box 7, the wind turbine 9 is located on one side of the electrical control box 7, and the battery 10, the wind-solar hybrid controller 11, and the inverter 12 are located inside the electrical control box 7.

[0071] Data processing module 14 includes:

[0072] Analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) are used to capture microsecond-level waveform details of lightning currents.

[0073] The dynamic threshold unit is used to adjust the current trigger threshold in real time according to environmental parameters.

[0074] The feature extraction unit is used to extract the peak current I. p Wavefront time T f Wave tail time T t Oscillator O i ;

[0075] Rule engine unit: Outputs device damage risk level based on predefined rule tables;

[0076] Life assessment unit: Calculates the device's cumulative damage Damage (Damsge) and remaining lifespan percentage (Life_left);

[0077] The data processing module 14 integrates a BeiDou positioning unit and outputs latitude and longitude coordinates and UTC timestamps.

[0078] In this embodiment, as Figures 1-5As shown, the surge arrester body 1 is bolted to the insulating base 3 via the mounting flange 2. The insulating base 3 and the insulating block 20 can provide insulation and isolation between the screw 21 and the mounting flange 2. The insulating base 3 can be fixedly installed via the mounting bracket 6. By rotating the adjusting nut 18, the screw 21 can be moved along the limiting rod 19 through the limiting groove 22, thereby adjusting the position of the surge arrester body 1.

[0079] The wind turbine 9 and photovoltaic panel 8 can generate wind and solar power. After rectification and conversion by the wind-solar hybrid controller 11, the generated current is rectified and converted into stable DC power and stored in the battery 10. During the charging process of the battery 10, overcharging and over-discharging can be prevented, thus extending the battery life. Then, the DC power stored in the battery 10 is converted into AC power by the inverter 12 to power the equipment.

[0080] Example 2

[0081] The difference from Example 1 is that this example discloses a lightning current monitoring method:

[0082] A lightning current monitoring method based on the surge arrester in Embodiment 1 includes the following steps:

[0083] S1. Current signal acquisition: The current signal of the bleeder 5 is induced by the Rogowski coil, and an analog voltage signal proportional to it is obtained. The analog voltage signal is amplified and filtered by the signal conditioning module 13 and then output as an analog voltage V.

[0084] S2, Dynamic Threshold Triggering and Sampling: When the analog voltage V>V th When, where V th Corresponding dynamic current threshold I th The analog-to-digital converter is started to acquire 1024 waveforms at a rate of 1MSPS, covering the full waveform of standard lightning current, with wavefronts of 1–10μs and wave tails of 20–200μs.

[0085] S3. Feature Extraction and Spatiotemporal Fusion: I is calculated through the feature extraction unit. p T f T t and O i Data packets are generated by integrating BeiDou positioning information;

[0086] S4. Rule Engine Diagnosis: Determines the risk level based on predefined rule tables and calculates the remaining lifespan of the equipment;

[0087] S5, Low-power encrypted transmission: Performs LZW compression and XXTEA encryption on data packets, and selects LoRa or 4G CAT1 for data transmission according to the risk level.

[0088] In step S1, the simulated voltage is calculated using V = kdI / dt, where k is the mutual inductance coefficient of the Rogowski coil, d represents the differential, and dI / dt can be obtained through I... p / T f Perform approximate calculations;

[0089] In step S2, the current trigger threshold I th Calculate using the following formula:

[0090]

[0091] Among them I bast =50A,T amb For ambient temperature, H humidity The relative humidity is measured in real time using a temperature and humidity sensor with a sampling rate of 1 Hz.

[0092] In step S4, the predefined rules are as follows:

[0093] If I p >50kA and T f If the time is less than 2μs, a WARNING alarm will be output to initiate a weekly inspection plan for the main body of the surge arrester.

[0094] If I p / T f >80kA / μs, output HIGH alarm, power limited operation, maintenance within 24 hours;

[0095] If I p >100kA or O i >15, output CRITICAL alarm, immediately cut off power, and push red alarm;

[0096] The remaining lifespan percentage is calculated using the following formula:

[0097]

[0098]

[0099] Where Damage represents the cumulative damage to the arrester body 1 from each lightning strike, Life_left represents the percentage of the arrester body 1's remaining lifespan, and C rated This is the preset value for the total withstand capacity of the surge arrester body 1.

[0100] In step S5, the transmission strategy of communication module 15 is as follows:

[0101] LoRa mode: Transmits heartbeat data and WARNING alarms, with a transmission interval of ≥5 minutes;

[0102] 4G CAT1 mode: Transmits CRITICAL / HIGH alarms with a latency of <300ms.

[0103] In this embodiment, as Figure 6 As shown, the purpose of converting the current signal into an analog voltage signal is as follows: the peak value of lightning current can be as high as 200kA, which cannot be directly measured or connected to electronic circuits. By using the law of electromagnetic induction through a Rogowski coil, a voltage proportional to the rate of change of current dI / dt is output. Essentially, it converts the large current change into a safe and measurable small voltage signal. After amplification and filtering by an instrumentation amplifier and a Bessel low-pass filter, a clean and stable analog voltage can be generated for ADC sampling. In this process, increasing the signal amplitude, reducing ADC quantization error, and filtering out electromagnetic interference caused by switching operations can preserve the main spectrum of the lightning current.

[0104] The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are merely illustrative of the invention. These preferred embodiments do not exhaustively describe all details, nor do they limit the invention to any specific implementation. Clearly, many modifications and variations can be made based on the content of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments to better explain the principles and practical applications of the invention, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to better understand and utilize the invention.

Claims

1. An intelligent surge arrester capable of monitoring lightning current, comprising a surge arrester body (1), a sealed cylinder (4), and an electrical control box (7), wherein a mounting flange (2) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the surge arrester body (1), an insulating seat (3) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the sealed cylinder (4), a drain wire (5) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the surge arrester body (1), the lower end of the drain wire (5) passes through the insulating seat (3) and the sealed cylinder (4), a power supply assembly is provided on the electrical control box (7), and a temperature and humidity sensor is provided on the outside of the electrical control box (7), characterized in that: The electrical control box (7) and the sealed cylinder (4) are equipped with monitoring components, which include: The sensor module (23) is a non-contact Rogowski coil, which is fixed inside the sealed cylinder (4) and arranged around the drain line (5); Signal conditioning module (13), which is located inside the electrical control box (7), includes an instrumentation amplifier and a Bessel low-pass filter, and is used to output an analog voltage signal that is proportional to the rate of change of current; The data processing module (14) is located inside the electrical control box (7) and is used to perform dynamic threshold calculation, waveform feature extraction and rule engine diagnosis. The communication module (15) is located inside the electrical control box (7) and supports LoRa and 4G CAT1 dual-mode transmission for data transmission.

2. The intelligent surge arrester capable of monitoring lightning current according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting flange (2) is bolted to the insulating seat (3), and a sealing gasket (25) is provided between the mounting flange (2) and the insulating seat (3). An insulating sealing ring (24) is provided at the position where the drain line (5) passes through the sealing cylinder (4). The mounting bracket (6) includes a limiting tube (17) and a screw (21). The rear end of the limiting tube (17) is fixedly connected to a mounting plate (16), and the front end of the limiting tube (17) is rotatably connected to an adjusting nut (18). The upper and lower sides of the inside of the limiting tube (17) are fixedly connected to limiting rods (19). The screw (21) is inserted into the limiting tube (17) and threaded into the adjusting nut (18). The upper and lower sides of the screw (21) are provided with limiting grooves (22). The limiting grooves (22) are slidably connected to the limiting rod (19). An insulating block (20) is fixedly connected to the front end of the screw (21). The front end of the insulating block (20) is fixedly connected to the insulating seat (3).

3. The intelligent surge arrester capable of monitoring lightning current according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power supply components include a photovoltaic panel (8), a wind turbine (9), a battery (10), a wind-solar hybrid controller (11), and an inverter (12). The photovoltaic panel (8) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the electrical control box (7). The wind turbine (9) is located on one side of the electrical control box (7). The battery (10), the wind-solar hybrid controller (11), and the inverter (12) are located inside the electrical control box (7).

4. The intelligent surge arrester capable of monitoring lightning current according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data processing module (14) includes: Analog-to-digital converter, used to capture microsecond-level waveform details of lightning current; A dynamic threshold unit is used to adjust the current trigger threshold in real time according to environmental parameters; Feature extraction unit, the feature extraction unit is used to extract peak current I p Wavefront time T f Wave tail time T t Oscillator O i ; Rule engine unit: Outputs device damage risk level based on predefined rule tables; Life assessment unit: Calculates the device's cumulative damage Damage (Damsge) and remaining lifespan percentage (Life_left).

5. The intelligent surge arrester capable of monitoring lightning current according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data processing module (14) integrates the BeiDou positioning unit and outputs latitude and longitude coordinates and UTC timestamps.

6. A method for monitoring lightning current based on the surge arrester according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Current signal acquisition: The current signal of the bleeder wire (5) is induced by the Rogowski coil. The analog voltage signal is proportional to the current signal. The analog voltage signal is amplified and filtered by the signal conditioning module (13) and then the analog voltage V is output. S2, Dynamic Threshold Triggering and Sampling: When the analog voltage V>V th When, where V th Corresponding dynamic current trigger threshold I th The analog-to-digital converter is started to acquire 1024 waveforms at a rate of 1MSPS, covering the full waveform of standard lightning current, with wavefronts of 1–10μs and wave tails of 20–200μs. S3. Feature Extraction and Spatiotemporal Fusion: I is calculated through the feature extraction unit. p T f T t and O i Data packets are generated by integrating BeiDou positioning information; S4. Rule Engine Diagnosis: Determines the risk level based on predefined rule tables and calculates the remaining lifespan of the equipment; S5. Low-power encrypted transmission: LZW compression and XXTEA encryption are performed on the data packets, and LoRa or 4G CAT1 is selected through the communication module (15) to transmit data according to the risk level.

7. The method as described in claim 6, characterized in that: In step S1, the simulated voltage is calculated using V = k(dI / dt), where k is the mutual inductance coefficient of the Rogowski coil, d represents the differential, and dI / dt can be obtained by I... p / T f Perform approximate calculations.

8. The method as described in claim 6, characterized in that: In step S2, the current trigger threshold I th Calculate using the following formula: Among them I bast =50A,T amb For ambient temperature, H humidity The relative humidity is measured in real time using a temperature and humidity sensor with a sampling rate of 1 Hz.

9. The method as described in claim 6, characterized in that: In step S4, the predefined rules are as follows: If I p >50kA and T f <2μs, output WARNING alarm, and carry out weekly inspection plan for the main body (1) of the surge arrester in advance; If I p / T f >80kA / μs, output HIGH alarm, power limited operation, maintenance within 24 hours; If I p >100kA or O i >15, output CRITICAL alarm, immediately cut off power, and push red alarm; The remaining lifespan percentage is calculated using the following formula: Where Damsge represents the cumulative damage to the arrester body (1) from each lightning strike, Life_left represents the remaining lifespan percentage of the arrester body (1), and C rated The preset value for the total withstand capacity of the main body (1) of the surge arrester.

10. The method as described in claim 6, characterized in that: In step S5, the transmission strategy of the communication module (15) is as follows: LoRa mode: Transmits heartbeat data and WARNING alarms, with a transmission interval of ≥5 minutes; 4G CAT1 mode: Transmits CRITICAL / HIGH alarms with a latency of <300ms.

Images