Alkaline electrolytic cell dynamic adjusting method based on hydrogen production rate

Abstract

The invention provides a hydrogen production rate-based dynamic adjustment method for an alkaline electrolytic cell, which comprises the following steps of: constructing a function model of electric power and hydrogen production rate of the alkaline electrolytic cell, optimizing the array configuration of the electrolytic cell in combination with historical wind and light data, dividing the operating state of a single electrolytic cell, and dynamically distributing the operating state in a value rotation mode. And the matching between the wind-solar power and the hydrogen production requirement is realized. The method comprises the following specific steps: constructing a power-hydrogen production rate mapping model to predict power consumption demands; determining the capacity of the electrolytic cell array based on the wind-solar power peak; distributing the number of the electrolytic cells in each state through a circular queue rotation strategy; and adjusting the operation power instruction according to the hydrogen production rate working condition. The system does not need an energy storage device, the wind and light fluctuation is absorbed through the self-state combination of the electrolytic cell array, and the problems of high cost, non-uniform equipment loss, high electrolytic cell monomer loss difference and the like caused by energy storage dependence in the traditional technology are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of renewable energy hydrogen production technology, and specifically relates to a dynamic adjustment method for alkaline electrolyzers based on hydrogen production rate. Background Technology

[0002] With the accelerated global energy transition, hydrogen production using alkaline electrolyzers coupled with wind and solar power has become a core pathway for large-scale green hydrogen production. However, the inherent intermittency and volatility of wind and solar energy lead to frequent fluctuations in the input power of the electrolyzer, causing not only a decrease in hydrogen production efficiency (e.g., efficiency can drop by more than 15% under low power conditions) but also problems such as intensified electrode polarization and accumulated thermal stress in the equipment, severely restricting system reliability. How to achieve dynamic matching between wind and solar power and the hydrogen production demand of the electrolyzer without energy storage assistance has become a key challenge in overcoming the economic bottleneck of renewable energy-based hydrogen production.

[0003] In existing technologies, traditional alkaline water electrolysis hydrogen production systems suffer from poor dynamic adjustability and uneven equipment wear under fluctuating operating conditions. On the one hand, traditional adjustment methods rely on energy storage devices to smooth out fluctuations, leading to a 20-30% increase in system investment costs, and the energy storage devices themselves suffer energy losses. On the other hand, the configuration of electrolyzer arrays is mostly based on fixed power requirements, without considering the probabilistic distribution characteristics of wind and solar power, often resulting in the contradiction of "excess capacity leading to idleness" or "insufficient power leading to power curtailment." In addition, the operating strategy lacks refined management of the individual electrolyzer status, and a single rated power operation mode easily leads to overload and wear of some equipment, while others are shut down for a long time, shortening the overall service life by more than 30%.

[0004] Given the shortcomings of existing technologies, there is an urgent need to develop an electrolyzer operation regulation method that does not rely on energy storage and can dynamically adapt to wind and solar fluctuations, so as to achieve synergistic optimization of hydrogen production efficiency, equipment life and system cost. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings and deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a dynamic adjustment method for alkaline electrolyzers based on hydrogen production rate, so as to solve the problems of high cost, uneven equipment wear and high individual cell wear differences caused by energy storage dependence in the prior art.

[0006] To address the aforementioned technical problems, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for dynamically adjusting an alkaline electrolyzer based on hydrogen production rate, comprising the following steps:

[0007] 1. A method for dynamically adjusting an alkaline electrolyzer based on hydrogen production rate, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0008] S1: Power P required for constructing an alkaline electrolyzer and hydrogen production rate The function model;

[0009] S2: Based on the target hydrogen production rate f target Based on real-time monitoring of electrolyte temperature T and pressure P, the required total power P is predicted using the aforementioned function model. req ;

[0010] S3: Determine the configuration of the electrolyzer array, which consists of multiple individual electrolyzers, based on historical wind and solar power generation data:

[0011] Calculate the time-series maximum value P of combined wind and solar power generation. max ;

[0012] Determine the theoretical capacity P of the electrolytic cell array L =P max / β, where β takes values ​​from 1.1 to 1.35;

[0013] Number of electrolytic cells configured Among them, P e This refers to the rated power of a single unit;

[0014] S4: The operation of a single electrolytic cell is divided into the following four operating states:

[0015] Shutdown state: P1 = 0; Fluctuating power state: P2 = αP e Where 0.2≤α≤1.1; Rated power state: P3=P e Overload power condition: P e ≤P4≤P overload , where P overload =βP e ;

[0016] S5: Real-time acquisition of combined wind and solar power generation P fg (t);

[0017] S6: A rotation strategy is used to allocate the operating state of each electrolytic cell in the electrolytic cell array, so that the electrolytic cell cells take turns operating in one of the four operating states:

[0018] When P fg (t)≥P req At the same time, by adjusting the operating status of each individual electrolyzer in the electrolyzer array, the hydrogen production rate is preferentially increased to near f. target The number N of electrolytic cells configured for overload power operation. 11 The number N of electrolytic cells configured for fluctuating power operation. 12 The number N of electrolytic cells configured for rated power operation. 13 Satisfying N 11 +N 12 +N 13 =n;

[0019] When Pf g (t)<P req At that time, the operating status of the electrolyzers is adjusted according to the hydrogen production rate and operating conditions, and the number N of individual electrolyzers configured to operate at rated power is adjusted accordingly. 21 The number N of electrolytic cells configured for fluctuating power operation. 22 And the number N of the electrolytic cells configured for shutdown operation. 23 Satisfying N 21 +N 22 +N 23 =n.

[0020] The electrical power P used in the alkaline electrolyzer and the hydrogen production rate in step S1 are related. The optimal function model is determined, and the formula for the power P consumed in the alkaline electrolyzer is as follows:

[0021]

[0022] In the above formula:

[0023]

[0024] in:

[0025] T is the Kelvin temperature of the electrolyte, p is the pressure, and η is the... F For Faraday efficiency, the value ranges from 0.95 to 0.99; n c ΔH is the total number of electrolytic units connected in series in the electrolytic cell; ΔH is the enthalpy change, taken as 286 kJ / mol; ΔS is the entropy change, taken as 0.163 kJ / (mol·K), both of which remain essentially constant within the normal operating temperature range of the electrolytic cell; z is the number of electrons transferred per hydrogen molecule, taken as 2; F is the Faraday constant, taken as 96485 C / mol; A is the electrode area; s is the activation overvoltage influence factor, in V.

[0026] Within the normal operating temperature and pressure range of the electrolyzer, the effects of temperature T and pressure p on the electrolyte resistance r are basically linear; r1 is the initial resistance value, which includes components such as contact resistance that are independent of temperature and pressure; r2 is the linear influence factor of temperature on resistance; and r3 is the linear influence factor of pressure on resistance.

[0027] The parameter t is directly related to the activation overpotential of the electrolytic cell. The activation overpotential reflects the kinetic resistance of the electrochemical reaction (such as the reaction rate at the electrode surface), and its relationship with temperature follows the nonlinear characteristics of the Arrhenius equation (k∝exp(-E). a / RT)), where k is the reaction rate constant, E a The activation energy is given by R, which is the gas constant, indicating that the reaction rate is exponentially sensitive to the reciprocal of temperature, 1 / T.

[0028] The values ​​of r1, r2, r3, s, t1, t2, and t3 are all constant coefficients, and their values ​​are determined by historical operating data.

[0029] The time-series maximum value P for calculating the combined wind and solar power generation in step 3. max The preferred calculation steps include: arranging historical wind and solar power data in descending order to form a power ranking curve; and taking the power value corresponding to the cumulative probability α (α = 0.95~1) in the curve as P. max .

[0030] As a preferred embodiment of the rotation strategy described in step 6, the rotation strategy includes:

[0031] Set the rotation period T min Each cycle follows a cyclic queue system—that is, the individual electrolytic cells are arranged in sequence into a queue, and after each rotation cycle, the first cell in the queue is moved to the last, forming a cyclic sorting mechanism—adjusting the electrolytic cell order, configuring the number of electrolytic cells operating in the four operating states according to the real-time value of the fan output power, and sequentially allocating the operating states of each electrolytic cell according to the current arrangement order, based on P. fg (t) and P req The difference is used to dynamically allocate the number of individual electrolyzer cells in each state:

[0032] When there is sufficient wind and light: Number of slots under overload conditions (Round down);

[0033] When there is insufficient wind and light: Number of slots in shutdown state (Round up).

[0034] As a preferred embodiment of the hydrogen production rate condition classification described in step 6, the hydrogen production rate condition classification includes:

[0035] High-speed operating condition: P fg (t)>P n (t)≥0.7P fg (t);

[0036] Medium-speed operation: 0.5P fg (t)≤P n (t) < 0.7P fg (t);

[0037] Low-speed operation: 0.2P fg (t)≤P n (t) < 0.5P fg (t);

[0038] Operating condition not permitted: P n (t) < 0.2P fg (t); where:

[0039] Total power P of real-time electrolyzer n (t)=N 21 ×P3+N 22 ×P2+N 23 ×P1.

[0040] As a preferred embodiment of step 6, the staged adjustment strategy for the electrolyzer's operating status includes:

[0041] (1) When the electrolytic cell is in a non-operational condition, the number of individual electrolytic cells in the shutdown state shall still be N, provided that the priority order is met. 23 To maximize hydrogen production, the electrolyzer should be put into medium-speed hydrogen production mode, and the operating power command for the electrolyzer should be formulated to increase P. n (t) to the medium-speed hydrogen production operating range;

[0042] (2) When operating at low speed, the electrolyzer is switched to medium-speed hydrogen production mode, and the electrolyzer operating power command is set to increase P. n (t) to the medium-speed hydrogen production operating range;

[0043] (3) When in medium-speed operation, the electrolyzer is put into high-speed hydrogen production operation, and the electrolyzer operating power command is set to increase P. n (t) to the range of high-speed hydrogen production conditions;

[0044] When operating at high speed, while adhering to priority settings, the electrolyzer maintains high-speed hydrogen production. The electrolyzer operating power command is set to maintain P... n (t) within the high-speed hydrogen production operating range.

[0045] The technical solution described above in this invention provides a dynamic adjustment method for alkaline electrolyzers based on hydrogen production rate, addressing the problems of high cost, uneven equipment wear, and significant differences in individual electrolyzer wear caused by energy storage dependence in traditional technologies. This method involves constructing a power-hydrogen production rate mapping model to predict electricity demand; determining the electrolyzer array capacity based on peak wind and solar power; allocating the number of electrolyzers in each state using a cyclic queue rotation strategy; and adjusting operating power commands according to hydrogen production rate conditions. The beneficial effects are as follows:

[0046] 1. Dynamic power-hydrogen production rate precise mapping: By linking the hydrogen production rate and power consumption in real time through an electrochemical model, and combining dynamic correction with temperature and pressure parameters, the direct conversion of hydrogen production demand to power command can be realized. For example, when the target hydrogen production rate is 5 mol / s, the model predicts the power error within ±5%, which improves the accuracy by 30% compared with the traditional empirical formula, and ensures that the power matching efficiency is ≥95%.

[0047] 2. Efficient utilization and capacity optimization of wind and solar resources: Electrolytic cell arrays are configured based on the probability distribution of historical wind and solar data, through P... maxThe cumulative probability α (0.95–1) filters out peak power, enabling the array capacity to cover over 95% of wind and solar power fluctuation scenarios. Compared to traditional fixed-capacity configurations, this reduces the installed capacity of electrolyzers by 20–25%. For example, the theoretical capacity of the electrolyzer for a 10MW wind and solar power plant is reduced from 12MW to 9.6MW, resulting in a 25% reduction in equipment investment.

[0048] 3. Four-state rotation to balance equipment losses: The electrolytic cell is divided into four states: shutdown, fluctuation, rated and overload. The overload and fluctuation cells are rotated in a cyclic queue to keep the deviation of the cell's operating time within 10%.

[0049] 4. Improved system stability through graded control of operating conditions: The power command is dynamically adjusted by classifying the hydrogen production rate (high speed, medium speed, low speed, and no speed). For example, when the system is in a low-speed condition, the power is automatically increased to the medium-speed range to avoid efficiency degradation caused by low power (efficiency can drop by 15% in low-power conditions). This strategy keeps the annual hydrogen production efficiency above 75%, which is an improvement over the traditional fixed power mode.

[0050] 5. Self-balancing without energy storage reduces system costs: Power regulation is achieved through the state combination of the electrolytic cell array itself; when there is excess wind and solar power, the proportion of overloaded cells is increased to N. over When wind and light are insufficient, increase the number of parking bays to N. off It can balance the fluctuations of wind and solar power with the needs of hydrogen production without the need for energy storage devices. Attached Figure Description

[0051] The following figures are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used together with the detailed embodiments to explain the invention, but do not constitute a limitation thereof.

[0052] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating a dynamic adjustment method for an alkaline electrolyzer based on hydrogen production rate, provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0053] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The flowchart illustrates the core strategy of dynamically adjusting state allocation in the method shown. Detailed Implementation

[0054] To make the technical problems, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, a detailed description will be provided below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that the following description of the embodiments is merely illustrative and is not intended to limit its applicability or use, nor is the invention limited to the following embodiments.

[0055] To achieve the above technical solution, this invention provides a method for dynamically adjusting an alkaline electrolyzer based on the hydrogen production rate, the process of which is shown in the attached figure. Figure 1 and2 As shown, where:

[0056] The electrical power P and hydrogen production rate of the alkaline electrolyzer constructed in step S1 The function model is:

[0057]

[0058] In equation (1) above, r1, r2, r3, s, t1, t2, and t3 are all constant coefficients. Typical values ​​are taken in specific embodiments of this invention, as shown in Table 1 below:

[0059] Table 1. Empirical values ​​of constant coefficients

[0060] parameter value unit <![CDATA[r1]]> <![CDATA[4.138534×10 -5 ]]> <![CDATA[Ωm 2 ]]> <![CDATA[r2]]> <![CDATA[6.88874×10 -9 ]]> <![CDATA[Ωm 2 / ℃]]> <![CDATA[r3]]> <![CDATA[4.47137×10 -7 ]]> <![CDATA[Ωm 2 / bar]]> s 0.33824 V <![CDATA[t1]]> -0.01539 <![CDATA[m 2 / A]]> <![CDATA[t2]]> 2.00181 <![CDATA[m 2 ℃ / A]]> <![CDATA[t3]]> 15.24178 <![CDATA[m 2 ℃ 2 / A]]>

[0061] To match actual working conditions, corrections need to be made using historical working condition data.

[0062] The specific implementation method is as follows:

[0063] Example 1

[0064] Taking a 1000kW alkaline electrolyzer as an example, the electrical power P required for its construction and the hydrogen production rate are discussed. When modeling the function, the electrolyte temperature is taken as T = 80℃ (corresponding to Kelvin temperature 353.15K), the pressure as p = 1.5 bar, and the Faraday efficiency as η. F =0.97, the total number of electrolytic units connected in series in the electrolytic cell n c =100; The constant coefficient values ​​are shown in Table 1 above. Substituting them into formula (1) yields the following: When the target hydrogen production rate f target When the flow rate is 5 mol / s, the theoretical power P req ≈850kW.

[0065] Electrolytic cell array configuration and state division:

[0066] Based on historical data from a wind and solar power station, the combined wind and solar power generation capacity is sorted in descending order. Taking a cumulative probability α = 0.95, the corresponding P... max =1200kW, electrolytic cell overload factor β = 1.25, the calculated theoretical capacity P L =P max / β=960kW.

[0067] Select the rated power P of the unit e For a 200kW electrolytic cell, the number of cells configured is as follows:

[0068] The operating status of the 5 electrolytic cells is divided into:

[0069] Shutdown state: P1 = 0; Fluctuating power state: P2 = αPe (0.2≤α≤1.1); Rated power condition: P3=200kW; Overload power condition: P4≤1.25×200=250kW.

[0070] Specific implementation of the rotation assignment strategy:

[0071] First, set the rotation period T. min =10min.

[0072] Scene 1:

[0073] Measured combined wind and solar power P fg (t)=1000kW(P req =850kW), at this time P fg (t)≥P req Overload state slot number

[0074] Configuration: 3 electrolytic cells operate under overload conditions (250kW), and of the remaining 2, 1 operates at rated power (200kW) and 1 operates at fluctuating power (50kW), meeting N requirements. 11 +N 12 +N 13 =3+1+1=5.

[0075] Scene 2:

[0076] P fg (t)=750kW(P req =850kW), at this time P fg (t)<P req Number of slots in shutdown state

[0077] Configuration: One electrolytic cell is shut down, three operate at rated power (200kW), and the last one operates at fluctuating power (150kW). The total power P is adjusted to achieve this. n (t)=3×200+150=750kW, which meets the requirements of high-speed operation.

[0078] Operating condition classification and dynamic adjustment:

[0079] When the total power P of the electrolytic cell n When (t) = 500kW, the corresponding hydrogen production rate is At this time, two electrolytic cells are operating at rated power (200kW), and two are operating at fluctuating power (50kW), which is a high-efficiency medium-speed condition (375kW≤P). n (t) < 525W). According to the grading strategy in step S6, P needs to be... n(t) Upgrade to high-speed operating conditions, adjusting to 3 units operating at rated power (200kW) and 1 unit operating at fluctuating power (100kW), with a total power P n (t) = 3 × 200 + 100 = 700 kW, which increases the hydrogen production rate to 3.8 mol / s, entering high-speed operation.

[0080] System verification and results:

[0081] Through simulation verification of a 10MW wind and solar power plant equipped with 50 200kW electrolyzers, the above-mentioned rotation strategy was adopted. The overload operation time of the electrolyzers throughout the year was controlled within 15%, the single-unit loss balance was improved by 40%, 98% of the wind and solar power could be absorbed without energy storage devices, and the hydrogen production efficiency was maintained at over 75%. Compared with the traditional fixed power operation scheme, the equipment investment was reduced by 25%.

[0082] Table 2 Key Parameters of the Embodiment

[0083] parameter value unit illustrate Rated power of wind and solar power stations 10 MW The wind / solar installed capacity ratio is 3:2 Electrolytic cell unit power 200 kW <![CDATA[Rated power P e = 200 kW]]> Overload factor β 1.25 - Maximum overload power 250kW <![CDATA[Rotation period T min > 10 min State rotation time interval <![CDATA[Target hydrogen production rate f target > 5 mol / s The corresponding theoretical power is 850kW

[0084] Example 2

[0085] A 5MW wind and solar power plant (3MW wind power and 2MW solar power) is equipped with an alkaline electrolyzer hydrogen production system, with a target hydrogen production rate f. target =8 mol / s, electrolyte temperature T = 75℃ (corresponding to Kelvin temperature 348.15 K), pressure p = 2 bar, Faraday efficiency η F =0.96, the total number of electrolytic units connected in series in the electrolytic cell n c =120; Electrode area A = 10m² 2 ; ΔH=286kJ / mol, z=2, F=96485℃ / mol, constant coefficients are taken as shown in Table 1. Substitute into formula (1) the electrical power P and hydrogen production rate The target power is calculated using the function model:

[0086]

[0087] in:

[0088]

[0089] The final calculation yields P req ≈1020kW.

[0090] Electrolytic cell array configuration:

[0091] Arrange the 2023 wind and solar power data of this power station in descending order, and take the cumulative probability α = 0.98, corresponding to P max =1500kW, electrolytic cell overload factor β = 1.35, the calculated theoretical capacity P L=P max / β=1111kW.

[0092] Select the rated power P of the unit e For a 150kW electrolytic cell, the number of [number missing] is [number missing].

[0093] Rotation strategy and state assignment:

[0094] Scene 1: Abundant scenery (P) fg (t)=300kW≥P req )

[0095] Number of overload state slots:

[0096] Configuration: 5 electrolytic cells operate under overload conditions (1.35 × 150 = 202.5 kW), 2 operate at rated power (150 kW), and 1 operates at fluctuating power (1300 - 5 × 202.5 - 2 × 150 = 97.5 kW), satisfying N 11 +N 12 +N 13 =5+2+1=8.

[0097] Scene 2: Insufficient scenery (P) fg (t)=950kW<P req )

[0098] Number of slots in shutdown state:

[0099] Configuration: 1 electrolytic cell shut down, 6 cells operating at rated power (150kW), 1 cell operating at fluctuating power (50kW), total power P n (t)=6×150+1×50=950kW, which is under high-efficiency and high-speed operating conditions.

[0100] Operating condition classification and dynamic adjustment:

[0101] When the total power P of the electrolytic cell n When (t) = 600kW, 475kW ≤ P n (t) < 665W. At this point, two electrolytic cells are operating at rated power (150kW), and five are operating at fluctuating power (60kW), which is a medium-speed condition. According to the grading strategy in step S6, P needs to be... n (t) Upgrade to high-speed operating conditions, adjusting to 5 units operating at rated power (150kW) and 2 units operating at fluctuating power (100kW), with a total power P n (t)=5×150+2×100=950kW, entering high-speed operating condition.

[0102] Implementation results:

[0103] After one year of operation, compared with the traditional fixed power scheme, the loss difference rate of individual electrolyzer cells decreased from 45% to 12%, the longest / shortest service life ratio was optimized from 3:1 to 1.2:1; the wind and solar power absorption rate increased from 82% to 97%, and the annual hydrogen production increased by 18%; no energy storage device was required, and equipment investment was reduced by 30%.

[0104] Example 3

[0105] A 2MW wind and solar power plant (1.2MW wind power and 0.8MW solar power) is equipped with an alkaline electrolyzer hydrogen production system. The target hydrogen production rate is f. target =3 mol / s, electrolyte temperature T = 65℃ (corresponding to Kelvin temperature 338.15 K), pressure p = 1 bar, Faraday efficiency η F =0.95, the total number of electrolytic units connected in series in the electrolytic cell n c =80; Electrode area A = 8m² 2 The remaining parameters are described in Example 2. The calculations yielded:

[0106]

[0107] Substituting into formula (1), we finally obtain P. req ≈345kW.

[0108] Electrolytic cell array configuration:

[0109] Based on historical data from a wind and solar power station, the combined wind and solar power generation capacity is sorted in descending order. Taking a cumulative probability α = 0.95, the corresponding P... max =450kW, electrolytic cell overload factor β = 1.3, the calculated theoretical capacity P L =P max / β=346kW.

[0110] Select the rated power P of the unit e For a 100kW electrolytic cell, the number of [number missing] is [number missing].

[0111] Rotation strategy and state assignment:

[0112] Scene 1: Abundant scenery (P) fg (t)=400kW≥P req )

[0113] Number of overload state slots:

[0114] Configuration: 1 electrolytic cell operates under overload conditions (1.3 × 100 = 130 kW), 2 cells operate at rated power (100 kW), and 1 cell operates at fluctuating power (400 - 130 - 2 × 100 = 70 kW), satisfying N 11+N 12 +N 13 =1+2+1=4.

[0115] Scene 2: Insufficient scenery (P) fg (t)=250kW<P req )

[0116] Number of slots in shutdown state:

[0117] Configuration: 2 units operating at rated power (100kW), 1 unit operating at fluctuating power (50kW), total power P n (t)=2×100+1×50=250kW, which is under high-speed operation.

[0118] Operating condition classification and dynamic adjustment:

[0119] When the total power P of the electrolytic cell n When (t) = 170kW, 125kW ≤ P n (t) < 175W. At this point, one electrolytic cell operates at its rated power (100kW), and two operate at fluctuating power (35kW), which is a medium-speed condition. According to the grading strategy in step S6, P needs to be... n (t) Upgrade to high-speed operating conditions, adjust to 2 units operating at rated power (100kW) and 1 unit operating at fluctuating power (100kW), total power P n (t)=2×100+1×50=250kW, entering high-speed operating condition.

[0120] Implementation results:

[0121] After six months of operation, the wind and solar energy absorption rate of the system increased from 78% to 95%, the difference in individual electrolytic cell losses decreased to 15%, and the equipment investment was reduced by 22% compared to the traditional solution.

[0122] Example 4

[0123] A 10MW wind and solar power plant (6MW wind power and 4MW solar power) is equipped with an alkaline electrolyzer hydrogen production system, with a target hydrogen production rate f. target =12 mol / s, electrolyte temperature T = 90℃ (corresponding to Kelvin temperature 363.15K), pressure p = 3 bar, Faraday efficiency η F =0.98, the total number of electrolytic units connected in series in the electrolytic cell n c =150; Electrode area A = 15m² 2 The remaining parameters are described in Example 2. The calculations yielded:

[0124]

[0125] Substituting into formula (1), we finally obtain P.req ≈1620kW.

[0126] Electrolytic cell array configuration:

[0127] Arrange the 2023 wind and solar power data of this power station in descending order, and take the cumulative probability α = 0.99, corresponding to P max =2200kW, electrolytic cell overload factor β = 1.15, the calculated theoretical capacity P L =P max / β=1913kW.

[0128] Select the rated power P of the unit e For a 300kW electrolytic cell, the number of cells configured is as follows: Actual array configuration capacity P eL =7×300=2100kW.

[0129] Rotation strategy and state assignment:

[0130] Scene 1: Abundant scenery (P) fg (t)=1800kW≥P req )

[0131] Number of overload state slots:

[0132] Configuration: 4 electrolytic cells operate under overload conditions (1.15 × 300 = 345 kW), 2 operate at rated power (300 kW), and 1 operates at fluctuating power (1800 - 4 × 345 - 2 × 300 = 120 kW), satisfying N. 11 +N 12 +N 13 =4+2+1=7.

[0133] Scene 2: Insufficient scenery (P) fg (t)=1400kW<P req )

[0134] Number of slots in shutdown state:

[0135] Configuration: 4 units operating at rated power (300kW), 2 units operating at fluctuating power (100kW), total power P n (t) = 4 × 300 + 2 × 100 = 1400 kW, which is under high-speed operating conditions.

[0136] Operating condition classification and dynamic adjustment:

[0137] When the total power P of the electrolytic cell n When (t) = 900kW, 700kW ≤ P n(t) < 980W. At this point, two electrolytic cells are operating at rated power (300kW), and four are operating at fluctuating power (75kW), which is a medium-speed condition. According to the grading strategy in step S6, P needs to be... n (t) Upgrade to high-speed operating conditions, adjusting to 4 units operating at rated power (300kW) and 2 units operating at fluctuating power (100kW), with a total power P n (t)=4×300+2×100=250kW, entering high-speed operating condition.

[0138] Implementation results:

[0139] After the system is in operation, the overload time of the electrolyzer is controlled at 12%, the wind and solar power consumption rate reaches 99%, the annual hydrogen production increases by 25%, and the equipment investment is reduced by 28%.

[0140] The above embodiments can be implemented, in whole or in part, by software, hardware, firmware, or any other combination thereof. When implemented in software, the above embodiments can be implemented, in whole or in part, as a computer program product. Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution.

[0141] For the embodiments of the present invention described above, common knowledge such as specific structures and characteristics are not described in detail. The embodiments are described in a progressive manner, and the technical features involved in each embodiment can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to interchangeably. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered to fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for dynamically adjusting an alkaline electrolyzer based on hydrogen production rate, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Power P and hydrogen production rate required for constructing an alkaline electrolyzer Functional model: Step 2: Based on the target hydrogen production rate f target Based on real-time monitoring of electrolyte temperature T and pressure P, the required total power P is predicted using the aforementioned function model. req ; Step 3: Determine the configuration of the electrolyzer array, consisting of multiple individual electrolyzers, based on historical wind and solar power generation data: Calculate the time-series maximum value P of combined wind and solar power generation. max ; Determine the theoretical capacity P of the electrolytic cell array L =P max / β, where β takes values ​​from 1.1 to 1.35; Number of electrolytic cells configured Among them, P e This refers to the rated power of a single unit; Step 4: Divide the operation of the electrolytic cell into the following four operating states: Shutdown state: P1 = 0; Fluctuating power state: P2 = αP e Where 0.2≤α≤1.1; Rated power state: P3=P e Overload power condition: P e ≤P4≤P overload , where P overload =βP e ; Step 5: Real-time acquisition of combined wind and solar power generation P fg (t); Step 6: Use a rotation strategy to allocate the operating state of each electrolytic cell in the electrolytic cell array, so that the electrolytic cell cells take turns operating in one of the four operating states: When P fg (t)≥P req At the same time, by adjusting the operating status of each individual electrolyzer in the electrolyzer array, the hydrogen production rate is preferentially increased to near f. target The number N of electrolytic cells configured for overload power operation. 11 The number N of electrolytic cells configured for fluctuating power operation. 12 The number N of electrolytic cells configured for rated power operation. 13 Satisfying N 11 +N 12 +N 13 =n; When P fg (t)<P req At that time, the operating status of the electrolyzers is adjusted according to the hydrogen production rate and operating conditions, and the number N of individual electrolyzers configured to operate at rated power is adjusted accordingly. 21 The number N of electrolytic cells configured for fluctuating power operation. 22 And the number N of the electrolytic cells configured for shutdown operation. 23 Satisfying N 21 +N 22 +N 23 =n.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 1, the electrical power P of the alkaline electrolyzer is related to the hydrogen production rate. The function model is: in: T is the Kelvin temperature of the electrolyte, p is the pressure, and η is the... F For Faraday efficiency, the value ranges from 0.95 to 0.99; n c ΔH is the total number of electrolytic units connected in series in the electrolytic cell; ΔH is the enthalpy change, taken as 286 kJ / mol, and ΔS is the entropy change, taken as 0.163 kJ / (mol·K), both of which remain basically constant within the normal operating temperature range of the electrolytic cell; z is the number of electrons transferred per hydrogen molecule, taken as 2; F is the Faraday constant, taken as 96485 C / mol; A is the electrode area; s is the activation overvoltage influence factor, in V; r1 is the initial resistance value, r2 is the linear influence factor of temperature on resistance, and r3 is the linear influence factor of pressure on resistance. The parameter t is directly related to the activation overpotential of the electrolytic cell. r1, r2, r3, s, t1, t2, and t3 are all constant coefficients, and their values ​​are determined through historical operating data.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 3, the time-series maximum value P of the combined wind and solar power generation is calculated. max The steps include: Historical wind and solar power data are sorted in descending order to form a power sorting curve; Take the power value corresponding to the cumulative probability α (α = 0.95 ~ 1) in the curve as P. max .

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 6, the rotation strategy includes: Set the rotation period T min Each cycle, the electrolytic cells are sorted according to a cyclic queue (a cyclic queue is a sequence of individual electrolytic cells arranged in order; after each rotation cycle, the first cell is moved to the last, forming a cyclic sorting mechanism). The number of electrolytic cells operating in the four operating states is configured based on the real-time output power of the blower. The operating state of each electrolytic cell is assigned sequentially according to its current arrangement, based on P... fg (t) and P req The difference is used to dynamically allocate the number of individual electrolyzer cells in each state: When there is sufficient wind and light: Number of slots under overload conditions When there is insufficient wind and light: Number of slots in shutdown state 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 6, the hydrogen production rate condition classification includes: High-speed operating condition: P fg (t)>P n (t)≥0.7P fg (t); Medium-speed operation: 0.5P fg (t)≤P n (t) < 0.7P fg (t); Low-speed operation: 0.2P fg (t)≤P n (t) < 0.5P fg (t); Operating condition not permitted: P n (t) < 0.2P fg (t); where: Total power P of real-time electrolyzer n (t)=N 21 ×P3+N 22 ×P2+N 23 ×P1.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 6, the strategy for adjusting the operating state of the electrolyzer in stages includes: When operating under conditions where operation is not permitted, the number of individual electrolytic cells that remain in a shutdown state, while adhering to the priority order, is still N. 23 To maximize hydrogen production, the electrolyzer should be put into medium-speed hydrogen production mode, and the operating power command for the electrolyzer should be formulated to increase P. n (t) to the medium-speed hydrogen production operating range; When operating at low speed, the electrolyzer is switched to medium-speed hydrogen production mode, and the operating power command for the electrolyzer is set to increase P. n (t) to the medium-speed hydrogen production operating range; When operating at medium speed, the electrolyzer is switched to high-speed hydrogen production mode, and the operating power command for the electrolyzer is set to increase P. n (t) to the range of high-speed hydrogen production conditions; When operating at high speed, while adhering to priority settings, the electrolyzer maintains high-speed hydrogen production. The electrolyzer operating power command is set to maintain P... n (t) within the high-speed hydrogen production operating range.

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