Salt cavern compressed air energy storage system and salt mist concentration control method thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of energy storage systems, and particularly relates to a salt cavern compressed air energy storage system and a salt mist concentration control method thereof. A salt mist concentration sensor in the salt cavern compressed air energy storage system can monitor the salt mist concentration of compressed air passing through an air inlet and an air outlet of a salt cavern in real time, and when the salt mist concentration of the compressed air passing through the air inlet and the air outlet of the salt cavern is larger than an early warning value, a backwashing assembly sprays pure compressed air into a heat exchanger; the back flushing assembly is used for flushing the interior of the heat exchanger, specifically, the back flushing assembly sprays pure compressed air into the shell and flushes the inner surface of the shell and the outer surfaces of the heat exchange pipes, salt mist is prevented from being deposited on the inner surface of the shell and the outer surfaces of the heat exchange pipes, salt scales are prevented from being formed, the heat exchanger is prevented from being affected, and the service life of the heat exchanger is prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of energy storage system technology, and specifically relates to a salt cavern compressed air energy storage system and its salt spray concentration control method. Background Technology

[0002] Salt cavern compressed air energy storage system is a new type of energy storage facility that uses underground salt caverns to store compressed air and achieves power peak shaving through energy conversion. The heat exchanger in the salt cavern compressed air energy storage system includes a shell and heat exchange tubes. The heat exchange tubes are located inside the shell, and the heat exchange medium is introduced into the heat exchange tubes.

[0003] Current salt cavern compressed air energy storage systems generally suffer from the following two major pain points: 1. Humidity issue: During the gas storage process, a large amount of condensate is generated when the compressor compresses the air. Some of the condensate will adhere to the surface of the heat exchange tube, causing a water film to form on the surface of the heat exchange tube, reducing the heat transfer efficiency of the heat exchange tube (by 20-30%), and causing electrochemical corrosion on the surface of the heat exchange tube (rate >0.5mm / year). 2. Salt concentration issue: During the gas usage process, the compressed air output from the salt cavern carries a trace amount of salt mist. When the compressed air enters the shell, the salt mist will deposit on the inner surface of the shell and the outer surface of the heat exchange tubes, forming salt scale on the inner surface of the shell and the outer surface of the heat exchange tubes. This accelerates the electrochemical corrosion of the inner surface of the shell and the outer surface of the heat exchange tubes, and causes physical damage to the shell and the heat exchange tubes, resulting in a reduction in the service life of the heat exchanger. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a salt cavern compressed air energy storage system and a method for controlling salt mist concentration, in order to solve the technical problem in the prior art that the small amount of salt mist carried by the compressed air output from the salt cavern will be deposited on the inner surface of the shell and the outer surface of the heat exchange tube, forming salt scale, which leads to a reduction in the service life of the heat exchanger.

[0005] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution: A salt cavern compressed air energy storage system includes a salt cavern, a heat exchanger, and a power generation component, wherein the salt cavern is connected to the power generation component through the heat exchanger; It also includes a salt spray concentration sensor and a backwashing assembly; The detection end of the salt spray concentration sensor is located at the inlet and outlet of the salt cavern; The flushing end of the backwashing assembly is communicated with the air inlet of the heat exchanger, and the salt mist concentration sensor is signal connected with the control system of the backwashing assembly; the salt mist concentration of the compressed air at the air inlet and outlet of the salt cave is monitored in real time through the salt mist concentration sensor, and when the salt mist concentration of the compressed air at the air inlet and outlet of the salt cave is greater than a warning value, the backwashing assembly sprays pure compressed air into the heat exchanger to flush the inside of the heat exchanger.

[0006] In order to better realize the present application, the salt cave compressed air energy storage system further comprises a compressor in the above structure; The air inlet of the heat exchanger and the air outlet of the heat exchanger are respectively provided with three-way valves A and B, the air outlet of the compressor and the air inlet and outlet of the salt cave are communicated with the air inlet of the heat exchanger through the three-way valve A, and the air outlet of the heat exchanger is communicated with the air inlet and outlet of the salt cave and the power generation assembly through the three-way valve B; The valve body for opening and closing the valve port is arranged in the three-way valves A and B to realize the switching of the gas storage state and the gas use state.

[0007] In order to better realize the present application, the salt cave compressed air energy storage system further comprises a connecting pipeline in the above structure; One end of the connecting pipeline is communicated with the air inlet and outlet of the salt cave; The other end of the connecting pipeline is provided with two communication ports, and the two communication ports are respectively communicated with the three-way valves A and B; The flushing end of the backwashing assembly is communicated with the connecting pipeline.

[0008] In order to better realize the present application, the salt cave compressed air energy storage system further comprises a filling assembly for injecting scale inhibitor into the connecting pipeline in the above structure, the filling end of the filling assembly is communicated with the connecting pipeline, and the salt mist concentration sensor is signal connected with the control system of the filling assembly.

[0009] In order to better realize the present application, the power generation assembly comprises a turbine expander and a generator in the above structure, the salt cave is communicated with the air inlet of the turbine expander through the heat exchanger, and the rotating shaft of the turbine expander is drivingly connected with the rotating shaft of the generator.

[0010] In order to better realize the present application, the salt cave compressed air energy storage system further comprises a humidity sensor and a cooling assembly in the above structure; The cooling assembly is arranged between the heat exchanger and the salt cave, and the heat exchanger is communicated with the air inlet and outlet of the salt cave through the cooling assembly; The number of the humidity sensors is multiple, the multiple humidity sensors are respectively arranged at the air inlet of the cooling assembly, the air outlet of the cooling assembly and the air inlet end of the power generation assembly, and all the humidity sensors are signal connected with the control system of the cooling assembly.

[0011] In order to better realize the present application, further optimization is made in the above structure, and the cooling assembly comprises a condensation dehumidification cooler and an adsorption composite dehumidification cooler. The gas outlet of the heat exchanger is communicated with the gas inlet and outlet of the salt cavern through the condensation dehumidification cooler and the adsorption composite dehumidification cooler in sequence.

[0012] In order to better realize the present application, further optimization is made in the above structure, and the gas inlet and outlet of the salt cavern is provided with a membrane separation drying unit.

[0013] In addition, the present application also provides a salt mist concentration control method of the salt cavern compressed air energy storage system, the salt mist concentration control method is implemented by the above-mentioned salt cavern compressed air energy storage system, and the salt mist concentration control method comprises the following steps: In the gaseous state, the compressed air stored in the salt cavern enters the heat exchanger through the gas inlet and outlet of the salt cavern; The salt mist concentration sensor monitors the salt mist concentration of the compressed air passing through the gas inlet and outlet of the salt cavern in real time; When the salt mist concentration of the compressed air passing through the gas inlet and outlet of the salt cavern is greater than the early warning value, the backwashing assembly is started, and the backwashing assembly sprays pure compressed air into the heat exchanger to flush the inside of the heat exchanger.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects: In the salt cavern compressed air energy storage system provided by the present application, the salt mist concentration sensor can monitor the salt mist concentration of the compressed air passing through the gas inlet and outlet of the salt cavern in real time, when the salt mist concentration of the compressed air passing through the gas inlet and outlet of the salt cavern is greater than the early warning value, the backwashing assembly sprays pure compressed air into the heat exchanger to flush the inside of the heat exchanger, specifically, the backwashing assembly sprays pure compressed air into the shell to flush the inner surface of the shell and the outer surface of the heat exchange pipe, so as to avoid the deposition of salt mist on the inner surface of the shell and the outer surface of the heat exchange pipe and the formation of salt scale, and to avoid the influence on the heat exchanger, thereby improving the service life of the heat exchanger. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0015] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or the prior art description. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can also be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor.

[0016] Figure 1 is a compressed gas flow chart of the salt cavern compressed air energy storage system of the present application in the gas storage state.

[0017] Figure 2 is a compressed gas flow chart of a salt cavern compressed air energy storage system in a gas use state of the present application.

[0018] Figure 3 is a structural schematic diagram of a salt cavern compressed air energy storage system comprising a plurality of working units described in the embodiments.

[0019] In the figure: 1, compressor; 2, heat exchanger; 21, three-way valve A; 22, three-way valve B; 3, power generation assembly; 4, salt mist concentration sensor; 5, backwashing assembly; 6, connecting pipeline; 7, filling assembly; 8, humidity sensor; 9, cooling assembly; 91, condensation and dehumidification cooler; 92, adsorption and composite dehumidification cooler; 10, salt cavern. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present application clearer, the technical scheme of the present application will be described in detail below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of the present application.

[0021] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that unless otherwise specified, the meaning of "a plurality of" is two or more; the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", "front end", "rear end", "head", "tail" and the like is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and therefore cannot be understood as indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present application. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third" and the like are only for the purpose of description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0022] In the description of the present application, it should be further pointed out that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "mounting", "connection", "connecting" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, can be fixed connection, can also be detachable connection, or integral connection; can be mechanical connection, can also be electrical connection; can be directly connected, can also be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those skilled in the art according to the specific circumstances.

[0023] In the embodiments of the present application, as shown in Figures 1 to 3 The salt cavern compressed air energy storage system comprises a compressor 1, a heat exchanger 2, a power generation assembly 3, a salt mist concentration sensor 4 and a backwashing assembly 5, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 ; wherein, The washing end of the backwashing assembly 5 is in communication with the air inlet of the heat exchanger 2, and the salt mist concentration sensor 4 is signal connected with the control system of the backwashing assembly 5; The air inlet of the heat exchanger 2 and the air outlet of the heat exchanger 2 are respectively provided with a three-way valve A21 and a three-way valve B22, the air outlet of the compressor 1 and the air inlet and outlet of the salt cavern 10 are both in communication with the air inlet of the heat exchanger 2 through the three-way valve A21, and the air outlet of the heat exchanger 2 is in communication with the air inlet and outlet of the salt cavern 10 and the power generation assembly 3 through the three-way valve B22; The valve body for opening and closing the valve port is arranged in the three-way valve A21 and the three-way valve B22, so as to realize the switching of the gas storage state and the gas use state, that is, by adjusting the valve body in the three-way valve A21, the air outlet of the compressor 1 or the air inlet and outlet of the salt cavern 10 is in communication with the air inlet of the heat exchanger 2, and by adjusting the valve body in the three-way valve B22, the air outlet of the heat exchanger 2 is in communication with the air inlet and outlet of the salt cavern 10 or the power generation assembly 3; The salt mist concentration sensor 4 is arranged at the air inlet and outlet of the salt cavern 10; Specifically, when the salt cavern compressed air energy storage system is in the gas storage state, as shown in Figure 1 The air outlet of the compressor 1 is in communication with the air inlet of the heat exchanger 2 through the three-way valve A21, and the air outlet of the heat exchanger 2 is in communication with the air inlet and outlet of the salt cavern 10 through the three-way valve B22; At this time, the air inlet and outlet of the salt cavern 10 is not in communication with the air inlet of the heat exchanger 2, and the air outlet of the heat exchanger 2 is not in communication with the power generation assembly 3, and the compressor 1 can compress the external air and send it into the heat exchanger 2 for heat exchange, so as to reduce the temperature of the compressed air, and then send it into the salt cavern 10 for storage; When the salt cavern compressed air energy storage system is in the gas use state, as shown in Figure 2, the gas inlet and outlet of the salt cave 10 is communicated with the gas inlet of the heat exchanger 2 through the three-way valve A21, and the gas outlet of the heat exchanger 2 is communicated with the power generation assembly 3 through the three-way valve B22; at this time, the gas outlet of the compressor 1 is not communicated with the gas inlet of the heat exchanger 2, and the gas outlet of the heat exchanger 2 is not communicated with the gas inlet and outlet of the salt cave 10, and the compressed air in the salt cave 10 can enter the heat exchanger 2, heat exchange is carried out in the heat exchanger 2, the temperature of the compressed air is increased, and then the compressed air is sent into the power generation assembly 3 to generate power; in this state, the salt mist concentration of the compressed air passing through the gas inlet and outlet of the salt cave 10 is monitored in real time through the salt mist concentration sensor 4; If the salt mist concentration of the compressed air passing through the gas inlet and outlet of the salt cave 10 is less than or equal to the early warning value, the backwashing assembly 5 is in standby state, that is, the backwashing assembly 5 does not perform backwashing work; If the salt mist concentration of the compressed air passing through the gas inlet and outlet of the salt cave 10 is greater than the early warning value, the backwashing assembly 5 will spray pure compressed air into the heat exchanger 2 to flush the inside of the heat exchanger 2, so as to avoid the salt mist from accumulating in the heat exchanger 2 to form salt scale.

[0024] It should be noted that the above-mentioned early warning value is input into the control system of the backwashing assembly 5 by manual, and the value can be adjusted according to the actual working condition; The backwashing assembly 5 is also called a backwashing system, which is a kind of regeneration operation device for removing pollutants on the surface of filter medium (such as filter material, filter membrane, etc.), and is widely used in water treatment, industrial dust removal and other fields; the backwashing system in the present application uses compressed air as medium, the control system of the backwashing system is a PLC system or a PAC system, the above-mentioned salt mist concentration sensor 4 is communicated with the PLC system or the PAC system to realize automatic control of the backwashing system; When the backwashing system starts, the backwashing system sprays compressed air into the heat exchanger 2, and uses the airflow formed by the compressed air to flush the salt mist in the heat exchanger 2, so as to avoid the salt mist from accumulating in the heat exchanger 2 to form salt scale, thereby improving the service life of the heat exchanger 2.

[0025] The above-mentioned salt mist concentration sensor 4 is a device specially used for detecting the salt concentration in the salt mist environment, and the PEM brand salt mist concentration sensor 4 is selected in the embodiment, which has the characteristics of high sensitivity, the sensitivity reaches 20.0 mV / A, can accurately measure the peak current as low as 0.3 kA, and has fast response speed, the peak di / dt reaches 2.0 KA / μs; the low frequency bandwidth is 25 Hz, and the high frequency bandwidth is determined according to the line length, and can reach 10 MHz when the line length is 300 mm; The noise (irregular signal) of the salt mist concentration sensor 4 is low, only 2.0 mVpk-pk, which ensures the accuracy of the monitoring result.

[0026] In some embodiments, the salt cave compressed air energy storage system further comprises a connecting pipeline 6, as shown inFigure 1 and Figure 2 ; wherein, One end of the connecting pipeline 6 is communicated with the air inlet and outlet of the salt cavern 10; The other end of the connecting pipeline 6 is provided with two communication ports, which are respectively communicated with the three-way valve A21 and the three-way valve B22; The flushing end of the backwashing assembly 5 is communicated with the connecting pipeline 6; The arrangement of the connecting pipeline 6 can reduce the arrangement of the pipeline, so that the structure of the salt cavern compressed air energy storage system is more simple, and the corrosion of the pipeline can be reduced, so as to reduce the maintenance difficulty and cost of the salt cavern compressed air energy storage system.

[0027] In some embodiments, the salt cavern compressed air energy storage system further comprises a filling assembly 7 for injecting scale inhibitor into the connecting pipeline 6, the filling end of the filling assembly 7 is communicated with the connecting pipeline 6, and the salt mist concentration sensor 4 is signal connected with the control system of the filling assembly 7; When the salt mist concentration of the compressed air passing through the air inlet and outlet of the salt cavern 10 is greater than the early warning value, the filling assembly 7 adds scale inhibitor into the connecting pipeline 6, and when the backwashing assembly 5 sprays pure compressed air into the heat exchanger 2, the pure compressed air drives the scale inhibitor to flow in the heat exchanger 2, so that the scale inhibitor adheres to the inside of the heat exchanger 2 (the inner surface of the shell and the outer surface of the heat exchange pipe), so as to avoid the formation of salt scale and better protect the heat exchanger 2.

[0028] It should be noted that the above-mentioned filling assembly 7 is a quantitative filling machine, a powder filling machine or a screw conveying device, which quantitatively delivers scale inhibitor to the connecting pipeline 6 through the quantitative filling machine, the powder filling machine or the screw conveying device, so as to avoid the formation of salt scale and protect the heat exchanger 2; The above-mentioned scale inhibitor can be a maleic anhydride copolymer solution or a polycarboxylic acid scale inhibitor, etc., that is, it can be used in water coolers, oil coolers, condensers, reaction kettles, absorption towers, storage tanks and pipeline equipment in various industries.

[0029] In some embodiments, the above-mentioned power generation assembly 3 comprises a turbine expander and a generator, the air outlet of the heat exchanger 2 is communicated with the air inlet of the turbine expander through the three-way valve B22, and the rotating shaft of the turbine expander is drivingly connected with the rotating shaft of the generator; In the gas state, the high-temperature compressed air discharged from the air outlet of the heat exchanger 2 enters the turbine expander, and when passing through the turbine expander, the high-temperature expanded gas drives the turbine expander to rotate at high speed to drive the generator to generate electricity, realizing the conversion of energy.

[0030] In some embodiments, the salt cavern compressed air energy storage system further comprises a humidity sensor 8 and a cooling assembly 9, as shown in Figure 1 andFigure 2 ; wherein, The cooling assembly 9 is arranged between the heat exchanger 2 and the salt cavern 10, and the three-way valve B22 at the air outlet of the heat exchanger 2 is communicated with the air inlet and outlet of the salt cavern 10 through the cooling assembly 9; The number of the humidity sensors 8 is multiple, and the multiple humidity sensors 8 are arranged at the air inlet of the cooling assembly 9, the air outlet of the cooling assembly 9 and the air inlet end of the power generation assembly 3 respectively, and all the humidity sensors 8 are signal connected with the control system of the cooling assembly 9; In the air storage state, when the humidity sensor 8 monitors that the humidity of the compressed air is greater than 8%RH, the control system of the cooling assembly 9 starts the cooling assembly 9 (the refrigeration power is greater than or equal to 120% of the heat load of the salt cavern compressed air energy storage system), so as to play a role of condensation and dehumidification, reduce the relative humidity of the compressed air, avoid the occurrence of condensed water, and make the condensed water adhere to the surface of the heat exchange tube in the heat exchanger 2, so as to avoid the occurrence of the case that the water film is formed on the surface of the heat exchange tube, and the heat transfer efficiency of the heat exchange tube is reduced (the reduction is 20-30%); At the same time, the occurrence of the case that the electrochemical corrosion is caused on the surface of the heat exchange tube due to the adhesion of the condensed water is avoided, so as to further improve the service life of the heat exchanger 2.

[0031] Preferably, the cooling assembly 9 includes a condensation and dehumidification cooler 91 and an adsorption and composite dehumidification cooler 92; wherein, The three-way valve B22 at the air outlet of the heat exchanger 2 is communicated with the air inlet and outlet of the salt cavern 10 through the condensation and dehumidification cooler 91 and the adsorption and composite dehumidification cooler 92 in sequence, and the relative humidity in the compressed air is reduced through the condensation and dehumidification cooler 91 and the adsorption and composite dehumidification cooler 92, so as to avoid the occurrence of the case that the condensed water adheres to the surface of the heat exchange tube.

[0032] It should be noted that the condensation and dehumidification cooler 91 is based on the physical process that the water vapor is condensed by cooling the compressed air below the dew point, the temperature of the compressed air is reduced and the liquid water is separated through the evaporator in the condensation and dehumidification cooler 91, and the condensation and dehumidification cooler 91 is suitable for the environment with the humidity of 50%-70%RH; The adsorption and composite dehumidification cooler 92 is combined with the solid adsorbent (such as silica gel and lithium chloride) and the condensation technology, the water is adsorbed through the runner in the adsorption and composite dehumidification cooler 92, and the high humidity load is processed through the condenser in the adsorption and composite dehumidification cooler 92, the ultra-low humidity demand of 1%-50%RH can be processed, the relative humidity of the compressed air can be effectively reduced through the cooperation of the condensation and dehumidification cooler 91 and the adsorption and composite dehumidification cooler 92, so that the humidity of the compressed air is less than or equal to 8%RH, and the case that the condensed water adheres to the surface of the heat exchange tube is avoided; The air inlet and outlet of the condensation and dehumidification cooler 91 and the adsorption and composite dehumidification cooler 92 are provided with the humidity sensor 8.

[0033] In some embodiments, the air inlet and outlet of the salt cavern 10 described above is provided with a membrane separation drying unit (not shown in the figure), which further removes water from the compressed air to prevent corrosion of the heat exchange tube and accumulation of condensate, ensuring the stability of the operation of the compressed air energy storage system in the salt cavern.

[0034] It should be noted that the membrane separation drying unit is a device that separates water from other compressed air by the selective permeability of the polymer membrane, which is widely used in the fields of food, medicine and industrial compressed air drying.

[0035] In some embodiments, the compressor 1, the heat exchanger 2, the power generation assembly 3 and the condensation and dehumidification cooler 91 described above form a working unit, as shown in the rectangular dashed box in Figure 3 The number of working units is multiple, and the multiple working units are connected in series, as shown in Figure 3 The specific connection mode is as follows: The compressor 1, the heat exchanger 2 and the condensation and dehumidification cooler 91 in the first working unit are connected in series, and the condensation and dehumidification cooler 91 is in communication with the air inlet of the compressor 1 in the second working unit; The compressor 1, the heat exchanger 2 and the condensation and dehumidification cooler 91 in the second working unit are connected in series, and the condensation and dehumidification cooler 91 in the second working unit is in communication with the air inlet of the compressor 1 in the third working unit; according to the above connection mode, the condensation and dehumidification cooler 91 in the last working unit is connected with the adsorption and composite dehumidification cooler 92, and the adsorption and composite dehumidification cooler 92 is in communication with one of the communication openings of the connection pipeline 6; At the same time, the other communication opening of the connection pipeline 6 is in communication with the air inlet of the heat exchanger 2 in the last working unit, and the air outlet of the heat exchanger 2 is in communication with the power generation assembly 3 in the last working unit; The air outlet of the power generation assembly 3 in the last working unit is in communication with the air inlet of the heat exchanger 2 in the second last working unit, and the air outlet of the heat exchanger 2 in the second last working unit is in communication with the power generation assembly 3 in the second last working unit; according to the above connection mode, the air outlet of the first heat exchanger 2 is in communication with the power generation assembly 3 in the first working unit, realizing the series connection of multiple working units, fully utilizing the compressed air in the salt cavern, and improving the power generation efficiency of the compressed air energy storage system in the salt cavern.

[0036] In addition, the embodiment also provides a salt fog concentration control method of the compressed air energy storage system in the salt cavern, the salt fog concentration control method is implemented by the compressed air energy storage system in the salt cavern described above, and the salt fog concentration control method comprises the following steps: In the gaseous state, the compressed air stored in the salt cavern 10 enters the heat exchanger 2 through the air inlet and outlet of the salt cavern 10; The salt mist concentration sensor 4 monitors the salt mist concentration of the compressed air at the inlet and outlet of the salt cave 10 in real time; When the salt mist concentration of the compressed air at the inlet and outlet of the salt cave 10 is greater than the pre-warning value, the backwashing assembly 5 is started, and the backwashing assembly 5 sprays pure compressed air into the heat exchanger 2 to flush the inside of the heat exchanger 2, so as to avoid the salt mist from depositing in the heat exchanger 2 to form salt scale and affecting the heat exchanger 2, thereby prolonging the service life of the heat exchanger.

[0037] The above is only a specific embodiment of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited to this. Any person skilled in the art can easily think of changes or replacements within the technical range disclosed by the present application, which should be covered within the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A salt cavern compressed air energy storage system, comprising a salt cavern (10), a heat exchanger (2) and a power generation component (3), wherein the salt cavern (10) is connected to the power generation component (3) through the heat exchanger (2); characterized in that It also includes a salt spray concentration sensor (4) and a backwashing assembly (5); The detection end of the salt spray concentration sensor (4) is set at the air inlet and outlet of the salt cave (10); The flushing end of the backwash assembly (5) is connected to the air inlet of the heat exchanger (2), and the salt mist concentration sensor (4) is connected to the control system signal of the backwash assembly (5). The salt mist concentration sensor (4) monitors the salt mist concentration of the compressed air passing through the air inlet and outlet of the salt cave (10) in real time. When the salt mist concentration of the compressed air passing through the air inlet and outlet of the salt cave (10) is greater than the warning value, the backwash assembly (5) sprays pure compressed air into the heat exchanger (2) to flush the inside of the heat exchanger (2).

2. The salt cavern compressed air energy storage system of claim 1, wherein: It also includes a compressor (1); The inlet and outlet of the heat exchanger (2) are respectively equipped with a three-way valve A (21) and a three-way valve B (22). The outlet of the compressor (1) and the inlet and outlet of the salt cavern (10) are connected to the inlet of the heat exchanger (2) through the three-way valve A (21). The outlet of the heat exchanger (2) is connected to the inlet and outlet of the salt cavern (10) and the power generation component (3) through the three-way valve B (22). Both three-way valve A (21) and three-way valve B (22) are equipped with valve bodies for opening and closing the valve ports, so as to switch between gas storage state and gas use state.

3. The salt cavern compressed air energy storage system of claim 2, wherein: It also includes connecting pipes (6); One end of the connecting pipe (6) is connected to the air inlet and outlet of the salt cave (10); The other end of the connecting pipe (6) is provided with two connecting ports, which are connected to three-way valve A (21) and three-way valve B (22) respectively; The flushing end of the backwash assembly (5) is connected to the connecting pipe (6).

4. The salt cavern compressed air energy storage system of claim 3, wherein: It also includes a filling assembly (7) for injecting scale inhibitor into the connecting pipe (6), the filling end of the filling assembly (7) being connected to the connecting pipe (6), and the salt spray concentration sensor (4) being connected to the control system signal of the filling assembly (7).

5. The salt cavern compressed air energy storage system of claim 1, wherein: The power generation component (3) includes a turbine expander and a generator. The salt cavern (10) is connected to the air inlet of the turbine expander through the heat exchanger (2). The rotating shaft of the turbine expander is connected to the rotating shaft of the generator.

6. The salt cavern compressed air energy storage system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: It also includes a humidity sensor (8) and a cooling assembly (9); The cooling assembly (9) is located between the heat exchanger (2) and the salt cave (10), and the heat exchanger (2) is connected to the inlet and outlet of the salt cave (10) through the cooling assembly (9); There are multiple humidity sensors (8), which are respectively located at the air inlet of the cooling component (9), the air outlet of the cooling component (9), and the air inlet of the power generation component (3). All humidity sensors (8) are connected to the control system signal of the cooling component (9).

7. The salt cavern compressed air energy storage system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The cooling assembly (9) includes a condensation dehumidifier (91) and an adsorption composite dehumidifier (92). The outlet of the heat exchanger (2) is connected to the inlet and outlet of the salt cavern (10) in sequence through the condensation dehumidification cooler (91) and the adsorption composite dehumidification cooler (92).

8. The salt cavern compressed air energy storage system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The salt cavern (10) is equipped with a membrane separation drying unit at its air inlet and outlet.

9. A method for controlling salt spray concentration in a salt cavern compressed air energy storage system, characterized in that: The salt spray concentration control method is implemented by the salt cavern compressed air energy storage system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, and the salt spray concentration control method includes the following steps: In the gas-operated state, the compressed air stored in the salt cavern (10) enters the heat exchanger (2) through the inlet and outlet of the salt cavern (10); The salt spray concentration sensor (4) monitors the salt spray concentration of compressed air passing through the inlet and outlet of the salt cave (10) in real time; When the salt mist concentration of the compressed air passing through the inlet and outlet of the salt cave (10) exceeds the warning value, the backwash assembly (5) is activated. The backwash assembly (5) sprays pure compressed air into the heat exchanger (2) to flush the inside of the heat exchanger (2).

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