Method for pretreating livestock and poultry manure by using composite functional microbial agent and application of method for pretreating livestock and poultry manure by using composite functional microbial agent

Abstract

The invention provides a method for pretreating livestock and poultry manure by adopting a composite functional microbial agent and application, and belongs to the technical field of ecological agriculture. According to the invention, pretreatment with a composite functional microbial agent (bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and candida tropicalis are compounded according to a specific ratio) is combined with a hermetia illucens larva synergistic treatment process, so that the livestock and poultry manure recycling efficiency can be remarkably improved. According to the technology, the excrement reduction effect is greatly enhanced, emission of ammonia gas and greenhouse gas is effectively inhibited, and meanwhile high-nutritive-value insect powder and high-safety insect excrement products are produced. The comprehensive efficiency of the strain is clearly superior to that of single microbial inoculum fermentation, hermetia illucens independent treatment and a commercially available microbial inoculum control group, and the strain-insect synergistic system is proved to have outstanding advantages in low-carbon conversion and high-value utilization of feces.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of ecological agriculture, and particularly relates to a method for pretreating livestock and poultry manure by using a composite functional microbial agent and application thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Standardized treatment of livestock and poultry breeding waste is a basic requirement for sustainable agricultural development, and its core goal is to reduce pollution risk and achieve nutrient flow recycling. Direct discharge of untreated manure can cause multiple environmental pressures: decomposition of organic matter consumes oxygen, causing water to become black and smelly; nitrogen and phosphorus enrichment causes algae to explode; heavy metals migrate and pollute the soil chain; and pathogenic microorganisms spread and threaten public health safety. Especially under large-scale intensive breeding mode, the output of manure increases sharply, and a single pig farm can produce hundreds of tons of manure per day, so it is urgent to develop an efficient treatment technology system to convert this potential pollutant into a controllable resource.

[0003] The existing manure treatment technology route is mainly based on three principles. The first is physical treatment method, such as screening, centrifugation or drying, which can quickly realize solid-liquid separation and volume reduction, but cannot degrade toxic components in organic matter, and the energy cost is high. The second is chemical treatment method, such as oxidant addition, acid-base neutralization or chemical flocculation, which can kill part of the pathogenic bacteria, but is easy to produce secondary pollution residues, and the agricultural safety of the treatment product is doubtful. The third is biological treatment method, which has more advantages in the balance between environmental protection and economy. Among them, traditional aerobic composting relies on natural microbial community to decompose organic matter, which is simple to operate but takes more than 30 days, and the process emits a large amount of greenhouse gases, and it is difficult to control the transformation of heavy metals. In order to accelerate this process, products based on specific microbial preparations have appeared in the market, which use their strong enzyme activity to promote humification and shorten the period to 10-15 days. However, such products still have the problem of poor fermentation stability in actual application - when the carbon-nitrogen ratio of manure is imbalanced or the antibiotic residue is high, the microbial activity is inhibited, resulting in more than 25% loss of ammonia volatilization and less than 60% cellulose degradation rate.

[0004] Further technical upgrade attempts to integrate multiple biological treatment units. Some studies focus on using biological conversion processes to enhance the added value of end products, such as producing protein or oil resources while decomposing organic matter. However, in practice, it is found that untreated fecal pollution poses a serious challenge to the survival rate of biological conversion media due to its physicochemical properties (high ammonia nitrogen, low oxygen environment, and viscous texture), often resulting in growth stagnation or abnormally high mortality. In addition, small fluctuations in environmental parameters such as temperature and humidity can cause a sharp decline in conversion efficiency, and the same technology can differ significantly in different scale applications, making it difficult to form a universal process standard. The limitations of current mainstream products lie in the inability to simultaneously meet the three goals: the treatment period needs to be controlled within 7 days to ensure economic efficiency, the nitrogen preservation rate needs to be above 80% to avoid pollution transfer, and the end product should have a clear market value path - rather than being used only as a low-end fertilizer. This multi-objective constraint drives the industry towards the direction of cross-technology module coupling, especially the optimization of material conversion efficiency and energy flow patterns in the treatment process, so as to balance environmental benefits and cost controllability in large-scale applications. SUMMARY

[0005] The purpose of the present application is to provide a method for pretreating livestock and poultry manure using a composite functional bacterial agent and its application for resource treatment.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purposes, the present application provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] The present application provides a composite functional bacterial agent pretreatment method for livestock and poultry manure, which comprises mixing the manure with a conditioner to adjust the moisture content, introducing a composite functional bacterial agent suspension for aerobic fermentation, and mixing the fermented product with black soldier fly larvae.

[0008] The composite functional bacterial agent comprises Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Candida tropicalis.

[0009] Preferably, the ratio of viable bacterial counts of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Candida tropicalis in the composite functional bacterial agent is 2-4:1-3:0.5-1.5.

[0010] Preferably, the moisture content is adjusted to 55-65%.

[0011] Preferably, the bacterial agent suspension is introduced in an amount of 1.0-2.0% of the dry weight of the manure.

[0012] Preferably, the aerobic fermentation is carried out at 30-40℃ for 4-6 days, during which the oxygen concentration is maintained at >15% and the pile is turned over 1-3 times per day.

[0013] The present application also provides the application of the above-mentioned method in the resource treatment of livestock and poultry manure.

[0014] Preferably, the pretreated material is spread to a thickness of 8-12 cm, and the 4-6 day old black soldier fly larvae are added at a ratio of 6-10% of the dry weight of the fecal matter.

[0015] Preferably, the black soldier fly larvae are treated at a temperature of 26-30℃ and a humidity of 60-70% for 5-7 days.

[0016] Preferably, the black soldier fly powder obtained by the method is applied to animal feed, and the obtained worm manure product is applied to organic fertilizer.

[0017] Technical effects and advantages of the present application:

[0018] The present application adopts a composite functional bacterial agent (Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Candida tropicalis in a specific ratio) for pretreatment combined with a black soldier fly larvae cooperative treatment process, which can significantly improve the resource utilization efficiency of livestock and poultry fecal matter. This technology not only significantly enhances the fecal matter reduction effect and effectively inhibits the emission of ammonia gas and greenhouse gases, but also produces worm powder with high nutritional value and worm manure products with high safety. The comprehensive performance is superior to single bacterial agent fermentation, black soldier fly treatment alone, and commercial bacterial agent control group, confirming the outstanding advantages of the bacterial-fly cooperative system in low-carbon conversion and high-value utilization of fecal matter. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The present application provides a composite functional bacterial agent pretreatment method for livestock and poultry fecal matter, which comprises mixing the fecal matter with a conditioning agent to adjust the moisture content, adding a composite functional bacterial agent suspension for aerobic fermentation, and mixing the fermented material with black soldier fly larvae.

[0020] The composite functional bacterial agent comprises Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Candida tropicalis.

[0021] In the present application, the livestock and poultry fecal matter refers to the feces and its associated materials (including bedding, flushing water, scattered feed, etc.) excreted by livestock (such as pigs, cows, and sheep) and poultry (such as chickens, ducks, and geese) in the farming industry. Such materials belong to organic solid waste in the agricultural ecosystem, with high moisture content, perishability, and eutrophication characteristics. In the industry, the main disposal methods include composting for field application, biogas fermentation, or harmless landfill, but they need to be pretreated to eliminate pathogenic microorganisms and parasitic eggs.

[0022] In the present application, the Bacillus subtilis is scientifically known as Bacillus subtilis, which belongs to gram-positive bacilli. This microorganism widely exists in soil, plant roots, and decaying organic matter, and has the ability to form stress-resistant spores. In the environmental protection industry, it is commonly used in the fields of organic waste biodegradation, sewage purification, and biological deodorization due to its ability to secrete various hydrolytic enzymes (such as proteases and amylases).

[0023] In the present application, the Bacillus licheniformis is an aerobic or facultative anaerobic gram-positive bacillus. It is commonly found in soil, bird feathers and plant surfaces in nature. In the biotechnology industry, this strain is often used as a starter agent for the composting warm-up stage due to its high temperature tolerance (some strains can tolerate above 60℃) and strong extracellular enzyme production capacity (such as cellulase), as well as for the production of industrial enzyme preparations.

[0024] In the present application, the Candida tropicalis belongs to the yeast of Hemiascomycetes. It is widely distributed in rotten fruits, plant juices and soils in tropical and subtropical regions. In the field of environmental engineering, its main function is to efficiently utilize monosaccharides and organic acids, rapidly consuming small molecular carbon sources through aerobic metabolism, so it is often used in biological treatment systems for high-concentration organic wastewater (such as food processing wastewater) to reduce COD load and inhibit spoilage.

[0025] Preferably, the ratio of viable cell numbers of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Candida tropicalis in the complex functional bacterial agent is 2-4:1-3:0.5-1.5.

[0026] Preferably, the water content is adjusted to 55-65%.

[0027] Preferably, the amount of bacterial agent suspension added is 1.0-2.0% of the dry weight of the fecal pollution.

[0028] Preferably, the aerobic fermentation is carried out at 30-40℃ for 4-6 days, during which the oxygen concentration is maintained at >15% and the pile is turned over 1-3 times a day.

[0029] The present application also provides the use of the above-mentioned method in the resource processing of livestock and poultry manure.

[0030] In the present application, the resource processing refers to the technical process of converting livestock and poultry manure into products with economic value or environmental benefits. This concept is derived from the concept of circular agriculture, aiming to reduce environmental pollution and replace part of natural resource consumption through material recycling. In existing industrial practice, the main implementation paths include energy conversion (such as biogas production), fertilizer conversion (such as organic fertilizer production) and feed conversion (such as insect protein conversion), and the present application proposes a multi-directional and multi-product resource processing scheme.

[0031] Preferably, the pretreated material is spread to a thickness of 8-12 cm, and 4-6 day-old black soldier fly larvae are added at 6-10% of the dry weight of the fecal pollution.

[0032] In the present application, the black soldier fly (scientific name: Hermetia illucens) is a dipteran insect of the family Stratiomyiidae, widely distributed in tropical to temperate regions around the world. Its larvae can feed on a variety of organic waste as a saprophytic biological conversion medium. In the environmental protection industry, it is commonly used for harmless treatment of organic solid waste such as kitchen waste and agricultural by-products due to its high biomass conversion capacity. After harvesting, the larvae can be used as a source of animal feed protein.

[0033] In the present application, the paving thickness refers to the laying height of the material in the insect breeding system, which is a conventional control parameter of the insect biological conversion process. The setting of this parameter needs to take into account the oxygen permeation efficiency, larval activity space and heat distribution uniformity, which is usually regulated by the conveyor belt leveling equipment in industrial production.

[0034] Preferably, the black soldier fly larvae are treated at a temperature of 26-30℃ and a humidity of 60-70% for 5-7 days.

[0035] In the present application, temperature and humidity control is a core environmental regulation means for insect mass breeding. Black soldier fly larvae are poikilothermic animals, and their metabolic rate is directly related to environmental temperature and humidity. The relevant parameters need to match the physiological suitable interval (26-30℃ is the conventional reported suitable growth temperature zone). Humidity regulation affects the efficiency of larval cuticle respiration and the stability of material moisture content. Industry general greenhouse systems are equipped with temperature and humidity linkage sensors to realize automatic management.

[0036] Preferably, the black soldier fly powder obtained by the method is applied to animal feed; and the worm feces product obtained is applied to organic fertilizer.

[0037] In the present application, the black soldier fly powder refers to the powdered product formed by drying and crushing the larvae after inactivation. It is rich in animal protein (crude protein content of about 40-60%), fat and chitin, and is commonly used as a substitute protein source for fish meal and soybean meal in the feed industry, suitable for aquatic feed (such as fish, shrimp and crab breeding) and poultry feed (such as broiler chickens, egg ducks) formulations.

[0038] In the present application, the worm feces product (also known as worm sand) is the solid excrement discharged after the larvae feed and digest. Due to the action of intestinal microorganisms, it has high degree of humification and few pathogenic microorganisms, and is commonly considered as an organic fertilizer raw material. The nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements contained therein help to form soil aggregate structure, and can be used for fruit and vegetable cultivation, flower seedling raising or preparation of soil improvement substrate in organic agriculture.

[0039] The technical solutions provided by the present application will be described in detail below in conjunction with the examples, but they should not be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present application.

[0040] Example 1

[0041] The livestock manure pretreatment is treated by composite functional bacterial agent (Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Candida tropicalis are compounded according to the ratio of viable bacterial number 3:2:1) and black soldier fly larvae. The specific preparation process is as follows: first, mix fresh pig manure (moisture content 70±2%) and rice husk powder according to the dry weight ratio of 8:1 to adjust the moisture content to 60±1%, inoculate 1.5% of the dry weight of the manure with the composite bacterial agent suspension (total viable bacterial number≥2×10 9 CFU / mL), and place it in a 35°C fermentation tank for aerobic fermentation for 5 days, turning the pile over twice a day to maintain an oxygen concentration>15%. After fermentation, the material is spread to a thickness of 10 cm, 8% of the dry weight of the manure is inoculated with 5-day-old black soldier fly larvae (initial weight 12±0.5 mg per fly), and the treatment is carried out at a temperature of 28±1°C and a humidity of 65±5% for 6 days. After the larvae are separated, they are dried with hot air at 55°C for 45 minutes, crushed through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain insect powder; the larvae manure is dried in a fluidized bed at 70°C for 20 minutes and then crushed for use.

[0042] Example 2

[0043] The livestock manure pretreatment is treated by composite functional bacterial agent (Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Candida tropicalis are compounded according to the ratio of viable bacterial number 3:2:1) and black soldier fly larvae. The specific preparation process is as follows: first, mix fresh pig manure (moisture content 70±2%) and rice husk powder according to the dry weight ratio of 8:1 to adjust the moisture content to 60±1%, inoculate 1.5% of the dry weight of the manure with the composite bacterial agent suspension (total viable bacterial number≥2×10 9 CFU / mL), and place it in a 35°C fermentation tank for aerobic fermentation for 5 days, turning the pile over twice a day to maintain an oxygen concentration>15%. After fermentation, the material is spread to a thickness of 10 cm, 8% of the dry weight of the manure is inoculated with 5-day-old black soldier fly larvae (initial weight 12±0.5 mg per fly), and the treatment is carried out at a temperature of 28±1°C and a humidity of 65±5% for 6 days. After the larvae are separated, they are dried with hot air at 55°C for 45 minutes, crushed through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain insect powder; the larvae manure is dried in a fluidized bed at 70°C for 20 minutes and then crushed for use.

[0044] Example 3

[0045] The livestock manure pretreatment is treated by composite functional bacterial agent (Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Candida tropicalis are compounded according to the ratio of viable bacterial number 3:2:1) and black soldier fly larvae. The specific preparation process is as follows: first, mix fresh pig manure (moisture content 70±2%) and rice husk powder according to the dry weight ratio of 8:1 to adjust the moisture content to 60±1%, inoculate 1.5% of the dry weight of the manure with the composite bacterial agent suspension (total viable bacterial number≥2×10 9The mixture (CFU / mL) was placed in a fermentation tank at 35℃ for aerobic fermentation for 5 days, during which the mixture was turned twice a day to maintain an oxygen concentration >15%. After fermentation, the material was spread to a thickness of 10cm and inoculated with 5-day-old black soldier fly larvae (initial weight 12±0.5mg / larvae) at 8% of the dry weight of the manure. The mixture was then treated for 6 days at a temperature of 28±1℃ and a humidity of 65±5%. After separation of the larvae, the mixture was dried with hot air at 55℃ for 45min and then pulverized through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain insect powder. The insect excrement was dried in a fluidized bed at 70℃ for 20min and then pulverized for later use.

[0046] Example 4

[0047] The pretreatment of livestock and poultry manure employs a compound functional microbial agent (composed of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Candida tropicalis in a live bacteria ratio of 3:2:1) in synergistic treatment with black soldier fly larvae. The specific preparation process is as follows: First, fresh pig manure (moisture content 70±2%) is mixed with rice husk powder at a dry weight ratio of 8:1 and adjusted to a moisture content of 65±1%. Then, a compound microbial agent suspension (total live bacteria count ≥2×10⁻⁶) is inoculated at 1.5% of the manure's dry weight. 9 The mixture (CFU / mL) was placed in a fermentation tank at 35℃ for aerobic fermentation for 5 days, during which the mixture was turned twice a day to maintain an oxygen concentration >15%. After fermentation, the material was spread to a thickness of 10cm and inoculated with 5-day-old black soldier fly larvae (initial weight 12±0.5mg / larvae) at 8% of the dry weight of the manure. The mixture was then treated for 6 days at a temperature of 28±1℃ and a humidity of 65±5%. After separation of the larvae, the mixture was dried with hot air at 55℃ for 45min and then pulverized through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain insect powder. The insect excrement was dried in a fluidized bed at 70℃ for 20min and then pulverized for later use.

[0048] Example 5

[0049] The pretreatment of livestock and poultry manure employs a compound functional microbial agent (composed of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Candida tropicalis in a live bacteria ratio of 3:2:1) in synergistic treatment with black soldier fly larvae. The specific preparation process is as follows: First, fresh pig manure (moisture content 70±2%) is mixed with rice husk powder at a dry weight ratio of 8:1 and adjusted to a moisture content of 60±1%. Then, a compound microbial agent suspension (total live bacteria count ≥2×10⁻⁶) is inoculated at 1.5% of the manure dry weight. 9 The mixture (CFU / mL) was placed in a fermentation tank at 35℃ for aerobic fermentation for 5 days, during which the pile was turned twice a day to maintain an oxygen concentration >15%. After fermentation, the material was spread to a thickness of 10cm and 3-day-old black soldier fly larvae (initial weight 8±0.3mg / larvae) were inoculated at 8% of the dry weight of the manure. The mixture was then treated for 6 days at a temperature of 28±1℃ and a humidity of 65±5%. After separation of the larvae, they were dried with hot air at 55℃ for 45 minutes and then pulverized through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain insect powder. The insect excrement was dried in a fluidized bed at 70℃ for 20 minutes and then pulverized for later use.

[0050] Example 6

[0051] The livestock and poultry manure pretreatment was treated by composite functional bacteria agent (Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Candida tropicalis were compounded according to the ratio of viable bacterial number 3:1.5:1) and black soldier fly larvae. The specific preparation process was as follows: first, fresh pig manure (moisture content 70±2%) was mixed with rice husk powder according to the dry weight ratio of 8:1 to adjust the moisture content to 65±1%, and 2% of the dry weight of the manure was inoculated with the composite bacteria agent suspension (total viable bacterial number≥2×10 9 CFU / mL), and placed in a 35°C fermentation tank for aerobic fermentation for 5 days, with turning over 2 times a day to maintain oxygen concentration >15%. After fermentation, the material was spread to a thickness of 10 cm, and 8% of the dry weight of the manure was inoculated with 5-day-old black soldier fly larvae (initial weight 12±0.5 mg per fly), and treated at a temperature of 28±1°C and humidity of 65±5% for 6 days. After separation of the insect bodies, the insect bodies were dried at 55°C for 45 min, crushed through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain insect powder; the insect manure was dried in a fluidized bed at 70°C for 20 min and then crushed for use.

[0052] Example 7

[0053] The livestock and poultry manure pretreatment was treated by composite functional bacteria agent (Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Candida tropicalis were compounded according to the ratio of viable bacterial number 3:1.5:1) and black soldier fly larvae. The specific preparation process was as follows: first, fresh pig manure (moisture content 70±2%) was mixed with rice husk powder according to the dry weight ratio of 8:1 to adjust the moisture content to 65±1%, and 2% of the dry weight of the manure was inoculated with the composite bacteria agent suspension (total viable bacterial number≥2×10 9 CFU / mL), and placed in a 35°C fermentation tank for aerobic fermentation for 5 days, with turning over 2 times a day to maintain oxygen concentration >15%. After fermentation, the material was spread to a thickness of 10 cm, and 8% of the dry weight of the manure was inoculated with 5-day-old black soldier fly larvae (initial weight 12±0.5 mg per fly), and treated at a temperature of 28±1°C and humidity of 65±5% for 6 days. After separation of the insect bodies, the insect bodies were dried at 55°C for 45 min, crushed through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain insect powder; the insect manure was dried in a fluidized bed at 70°C for 20 min and then crushed for use.

[0054] Comparative Example 1

[0055] The livestock and poultry manure pretreatment was treated by composite functional bacteria agent (Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Candida tropicalis were compounded according to the ratio of viable bacterial number 3:1.5:1) and black soldier fly larvae. The specific preparation process was as follows: first, fresh pig manure (moisture content 70±2%) was mixed with rice husk powder according to the dry weight ratio of 8:1 to adjust the moisture content to 65±1%, and 2% of the dry weight of the manure was inoculated with the composite bacteria agent suspension (total viable bacterial number≥2×10 9 CFU / mL), and placed in a 35°C fermentation tank for aerobic fermentation for 5 days, with turning over 2 times a day to maintain oxygen concentration >15%. After fermentation, the material was spread to a thickness of 10 cm, and 8% of the dry weight of the manure was inoculated with 5-day-old black soldier fly larvae (initial weight 12±0.5 mg per fly), and treated at a temperature of 28±1°C and humidity of 65±5% for 6 days. After separation of the insect bodies, the insect bodies were dried at 55°C for 45 min, crushed through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain insect powder; the insect manure was dried in a fluidized bed at 70°C for 20 min and then crushed for use.

[0056] Comparative Example 2

[0057] The livestock manure pretreatment was fermented by single bacterial agent (only Bacillus licheniformis) without Hermetia illucens. The specific preparation process was as follows: first, fresh pig manure (moisture content 70±2%) was mixed with rice husk powder at a dry weight ratio of 8:1 to adjust the moisture content to 60±1%, and Bacillus licheniformis suspension (viable bacterial count same as the complex bacterial agent, i.e. ≥2×10 9 CFU / mL) was inoculated at 1.5% of the dry weight of the manure, and placed in a 35°C fermentation tank for aerobic fermentation for 5 days, with the oxygen concentration maintained at >15% by turning the pile twice a day. After fermentation, the fermented material was directly subjected to the post-treatment stage without Hermetia illucens treatment: the fermented material was dried in a fluidized bed at 70°C for 20 min and then crushed for use.

[0058] Comparative Example 3

[0059] The livestock manure pretreatment was fermented by single bacterial agent (only Candida tropicalis) without Hermetia illucens. The specific preparation process was as follows: first, fresh pig manure (moisture content 70±2%) was mixed with rice husk powder at a dry weight ratio of 8:1 to adjust the moisture content to 60±1%, and Candida tropicalis suspension (viable bacterial count same as the complex bacterial agent, i.e. ≥2×10 9 CFU / mL) was inoculated at 1.5% of the dry weight of the manure, and placed in a 35°C fermentation tank for aerobic fermentation for 5 days, with the oxygen concentration maintained at >15% by turning the pile twice a day. After fermentation, the fermented material was directly subjected to the post-treatment stage without Hermetia illucens treatment: the fermented material was dried in a fluidized bed at 70°C for 20 min and then crushed for use.

[0060] Comparative Example 4

[0061] The livestock manure pretreatment was fermented by complex functional bacterial agent (Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Candida tropicalis compounded at a viable bacterial count ratio of 3:2:1) without Hermetia illucens. The specific preparation process was as follows: first, fresh pig manure (moisture content 70±2%) was mixed with rice husk powder at a dry weight ratio of 8:1 to adjust the moisture content to 60±1%, and complex bacterial agent suspension (total viable bacterial count ≥2×10 9 CFU / mL) was inoculated at 1.5% of the dry weight of the manure, and placed in a 35°C fermentation tank for aerobic fermentation for 5 days, with the oxygen concentration maintained at >15% by turning the pile twice a day. After fermentation, the fermented material was directly subjected to the post-treatment stage without Hermetia illucens treatment: the fermented material was dried in a fluidized bed at 70°C for 20 min and then crushed for use.

[0062] Comparative Example 5

[0063] The pretreatment of livestock and poultry manure does not involve fermentation with microbial agents; instead, unfermented manure is directly treated with black soldier fly larvae. The specific preparation process is as follows: First, fresh pig manure (moisture content 70±2%) is mixed with rice husk powder at a dry weight ratio of 8:1 and adjusted to a moisture content of 60±1%. The resulting material is the unfermented manure. Without adding any microbial agents or undergoing fermentation, the material is spread to a thickness of 10cm, and 5-day-old black soldier fly larvae (initial weight 12±0.5mg / larva) are added at 8% of the manure's dry weight. The mixture is treated for 6 days at a temperature of 28±1℃ and a humidity of 65±5%. After separating the larvae, they are dried with hot air at 55℃ for 45 minutes and then pulverized through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain larval powder. The larval excrement is dried in a fluidized bed at 70℃ for 20 minutes and then pulverized for later use.

[0064] Comparative Example 6

[0065] The pretreatment of livestock and poultry manure does not involve the introduction of microbial agents or black soldier fly larvae; it only involves natural aerobic fermentation. The specific preparation process is as follows: First, fresh pig manure (moisture content 70±2%) is mixed with rice husk powder at a dry weight ratio of 8:1 and the moisture content is adjusted to 60±1%. No microbial agents are introduced, and the mixture is placed in a fermentation tank at 35℃ for aerobic fermentation for 5 days. During this period, the mixture is turned twice a day to maintain an oxygen concentration >15%. After fermentation, the fermented material is not treated with black soldier fly larvae and directly enters the post-treatment stage: the fermented material is dried in a fluidized bed at 70℃ for 20 minutes and then pulverized for later use.

[0066] Comparative Example 7

[0067] Pretreatment of livestock and poultry manure uses commercially available manure treatment microbial agents (mainly containing Aspergillus niger, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus licheniformis, ≥2×10⁻⁶). 8 Fermentation treatment was carried out using CFU / g (without black soldier fly larvae). The specific preparation process is as follows: First, fresh pig manure (moisture content 70±2%) was mixed with rice husk powder at a dry weight ratio of 8:1 and the moisture content was adjusted to 60±1%. Commercially available microbial agent (live bacteria count ≥2×10⁻⁶) was added at 1.5% of the dry weight of the manure. 9 The material (CFU / g) was placed in a fermentation tank at 35℃ for aerobic fermentation for 5 days, during which the material was turned twice a day to maintain an oxygen concentration >15%. After fermentation, the fermented material was not treated with black soldier fly larvae and directly entered the post-processing stage: the fermented material was dried in a fluidized bed at 70℃ for 20 minutes and then pulverized for later use.

[0068] Experimental Example

[0069] Efficacy evaluation of the synergistic treatment of livestock and poultry manure by compound functional microbial agents and black soldier flies.

[0070] 1. Experimental group design

[0071] Based on the above embodiments and comparative examples, the experimental group design is shown in Table 1:

[0072] Table 1 Experimental group design

[0073]

[0074]

[0075] 2. Experimental methods and procedures 2.1 Manure treatment

[0076] This part is based on the treatment method in Example 1, the oxygen concentration is monitored in real time during fermentation > 15% (portable oxygen concentration meter).

[0077] 2.2 Black soldier fly treatment

[0078] Larvae release: After fermentation, the material is spread to a thickness of 10 cm, and 5-day-old black soldier fly larvae (initial weight 12 ± 0.5 mg per) are introduced at 8% of the dry weight of the manure.

[0079] Environmental control: The temperature of the treatment warehouse is 28 ± 1°C (temperature control system ± 0.5°C), the humidity is 65 ± 5% (humidity sensor automatic adjustment), and the dark condition treatment is 6 days.

[0080] 2.3 Product collection

[0081] Larvae separation: After 6 days, the larvae are separated through a 5 mm screen, washed with physiological saline, and dried at 55°C for 45 min, then crushed through an 80 mesh sieve to obtain insect powder.

[0082] Frass treatment: The residual frass is dried in a fluidized bed at 70°C for 20 min, crushed and sieved through a 100 mesh sieve for use.

[0083] 3. Test indicators and methods

[0084] As shown in Table 2:

[0085] Table 2 Test indicators and methods

[0086]

[0087]

[0088] *Note: Emission reduction rate = [1-(E1 group emission amount / NF group emission amount)] x 100%

[0089] 3. Test indicators and methods

[0090] 4. Simulation results and data analysis

[0091] The manure treatment efficiency results are shown in Table 3:

[0092] Table 3 Comparison of manure treatment efficiency (mean ± standard deviation, n = 6)

[0093]

[0094] Note: The same column data shoulder mark letters represent significant differences (p < 0.05, Duncan test) Product test results are shown in Table 4:

[0095] Table 4 Quality comparison of resource products

[0096]

[0097] From the above examples, it can be seen that the present application provides a pretreatment combined with the synergistic treatment process of black soldier fly larvae by using a composite functional microbial agent (Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Candida tropicalis specific ratio compound), which can significantly improve the resource utilization efficiency of livestock manure. The technology not only greatly enhances the effect of manure reduction, effectively inhibits the emission of ammonia and greenhouse gases, but also produces high-nutrition-value worm powder and high-safety worm manure products. Its comprehensive performance is definitely superior to single microbial agent fermentation, black soldier fly alone treatment and commercial microbial agent control group, confirming the outstanding advantages of the fungus-worm synergistic system in low-carbon conversion and high-value utilization of manure.

[0098] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application, and it should be noted that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principles of the present application, several improvements and refinements can be made, and these improvements and refinements should also be considered as the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A complex functional bacteria agent pretreatment method for livestock and poultry manure, characterized in that, The method comprises mixing the fecal pollution with a conditioning agent to adjust the moisture content, adding a complex functional bacteria agent suspension for aerobic fermentation, and mixing the fermented product with black soldier fly larvae. The complex functional bacteria agent comprises Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Candida tropicalis.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, The ratio of the viable bacterial count of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Candida tropicalis in the complex functional bacteria agent is 2-4:1-3:0.5-1.

5.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein, The moisture content is adjusted to 55-65%.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein, The amount of the bacteria agent suspension added is 1.0-2.0% of the dry weight of the fecal pollution.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein, The aerobic fermentation is carried out at 30-40℃ for 4-6 days, during which the oxygen concentration is maintained at >15% and the pile is turned over 1-3 times per day.

6. The use of the method of any one of claims 1-5 in the resourceful treatment of livestock and poultry fecal pollution.

7. Use according to claim 6, characterized in that, The pretreated material is spread to a thickness of 8-12 cm, and 4-6 day-old black soldier fly larvae are added at 6-10% of the dry weight of the fecal pollution.

8. Use according to claim 7, characterized in that, The black soldier fly larvae are treated at a temperature of 26-30℃ and a humidity of 60-70% for 5-7 days.

9. Use according to claim 7, characterized in that, The black soldier fly worm powder obtained by the method is applied to animal feed; and the worm feces product obtained is applied to organic fertilizer.

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