Roadway supporting device with energy absorption buffering device

Abstract

The invention discloses a roadway support device with an energy-absorbing buffer device, which comprises a support top beam, a support column and an energy-absorbing buffer device, and the energy-absorbing buffer device comprises a hydraulic buffer unit and a metal yield buffer unit; the hydraulic buffer unit is fixedly connected with the metal yield buffer unit; the hydraulic buffer unit comprises a cylinder body, a piston rod and a damping hole, and the metal yield buffer unit is a metal corrugated pipe which is axially compressed and deformed. Compared with the prior art, the hydraulic buffer unit has the advantages that the hydraulic buffer unit can quickly dissipate high-frequency impact energy and effectively cope with instantaneous strong impact by virtue of the cooperation of the damping hole with the variable-diameter design, the energy accumulator and the safety valve; the metal yield buffer unit adopts a metal corrugated pipe which is axially compressed and deformed, residual energy is absorbed through plastic deformation under the limit load, the metal corrugated pipe and the metal yield buffer unit are in two-stage linkage, impact energy levels with different strengths can be covered, the energy absorption efficiency is greatly improved, and the limitation of a single energy absorption mechanism is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel support device technology, specifically to a tunnel support device with an energy-absorbing buffer device. Background Technology

[0002] In mineral resource extraction and underground engineering construction, tunnel support is a core means of ensuring tunnel stability. Its function is to resist surrounding rock deformation, prevent collapse, and provide safe space for operations. As mining depth increases, the geological and mechanical environment faced by tunnels becomes more severe, and disasters such as rock bursts occur more frequently, placing higher demands on the load-bearing and impact-resistant performance of support devices.

[0003] Traditional roadway support devices are mostly rigid structures, such as hydraulic props and steel frames. Although they have strong static load-bearing capacity, they are prone to failure due to instantaneous overload during rockbursts because they lack effective energy absorption and buffering mechanisms, leading to safety accidents. Some devices with buffering designs rely solely on a single hydraulic or friction energy absorption mechanism, resulting in low energy absorption efficiency. They are unable to adapt to the complexity and variability of rockburst loads and cannot provide continuous and reliable dynamic protection for roadways, thus hindering the improvement of support safety. Summary of the Invention

[0004] (I) Technical Issues

[0005] The present invention aims to provide a roadway support device with an energy-absorbing buffer to solve the problems of easy failure and low energy absorption efficiency of traditional roadway support devices under rock bursts, thereby improving the safety and reliability of roadway support.

[0006] (II) Technical Content

[0007] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: a roadway support device with an energy-absorbing buffer device, comprising a supporting top beam, a supporting column, and an energy-absorbing buffer device, wherein the energy-absorbing buffer device is disposed between the supporting top beam and the supporting column; the energy-absorbing buffer device comprises a hydraulic buffer unit and a metal yielding buffer unit; the hydraulic buffer unit is fixedly connected to the bottom of the supporting top beam through a flange, and the metal yielding buffer unit is connected to the top of the supporting column through bolts; the hydraulic buffer unit and the metal yielding buffer unit are fixedly connected; the hydraulic buffer unit comprises a cylinder, a piston rod, and a damping orifice, the metal yielding buffer unit is a metal bellows that undergoes axial compression deformation, and the damping orifice of the hydraulic buffer unit adopts a variable diameter design, with the orifice diameter gradually decreasing along the pressure direction; an accumulator and a safety valve are provided on the side wall of the cylinder, and the accumulator is connected to the inner cavity of the cylinder through an oil circuit.

[0008] Furthermore, the metal bellows wall thickness of the metal yielding buffer unit is 2-5mm, the number of bellows cycles is 5-8, and the material is austenitic stainless steel or high-ductility aluminum alloy.

[0009] Furthermore, the supporting column is a split structure, including an upper column and a lower column, with a second energy-absorbing buffer device fixed between them; the second energy-absorbing buffer device has the same structure as the energy-absorbing buffer device.

[0010] Furthermore, a shear-resistant base plate is provided at the bottom of the support column, and the base plate is fixed to the roadway floor plate by anchor bolts.

[0011] Furthermore, a displacement sensor is installed at the end of the piston rod of the hydraulic buffer unit, and a pressure sensor is installed on the outer wall of the cylinder; the signals from the displacement sensor and the pressure sensor are connected to the roadway monitoring system.

[0012] (III) Technical Effects

[0013] Compared with existing technologies, the advantages of this invention are as follows: The hydraulic buffer unit, with its variable-diameter damping orifice and the cooperation of accumulator and safety valve, can quickly dissipate high-frequency impact energy and effectively cope with instantaneous strong impacts; the metal yielding buffer unit uses an axially compressed metal bellows, which absorbs residual energy through plastic deformation under ultimate load. The two are linked in two stages, which can cover impact energy levels of different intensities, greatly improving energy absorption efficiency and avoiding the limitations of a single energy absorption mechanism. A second energy-absorbing buffer device with the same structure as the energy-absorbing buffer device is installed between the upper and lower columns of the split support column. This forms a double protection chain with the energy-absorbing buffer device between the support beam and the support column. When a rockburst occurs, it can buffer and dissipate energy step by step, further reducing the risk of support device failure due to overload and significantly improving the impact resistance of the overall support system. The displacement and pressure sensors installed on the hydraulic buffer unit can monitor the displacement and pressure changes of the support device in real time and transmit the signals to the roadway monitoring system, allowing staff to promptly grasp the support status. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a roadway support device with an energy-absorbing buffer device according to the present invention. Figure 1 .

[0015] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a roadway support device with an energy-absorbing buffer device according to the present invention. Figure 2 .

[0016] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a roadway support device with an energy-absorbing buffer device according to the present invention. Figure 3 .

[0017] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of a roadway support device with an energy-absorbing buffer device according to the present invention.

[0018] Figure 5This is a schematic diagram of the left-hand structure of a roadway support device with an energy-absorbing buffer device according to the present invention.

[0019] As shown in the figure: 1. Supporting top beam; 2. Supporting column; 3. Energy-absorbing buffer device; 4. Flange; 5. Second energy-absorbing buffer device; 8. Shear-resistant bottom plate; 12. Displacement sensor; 13. Pressure sensor; 31. Hydraulic buffer unit; 33. Metal yield buffer unit; 21. Upper column; 22. Lower column. Detailed Implementation

[0020] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", "center", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation structure and operation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting this invention.

[0021] In the description of this invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "provided with," "installed," "connected," "linked," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0022] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0023] Combined with appendix Figure 1 To be continued Figure 5 A roadway support device with an energy-absorbing buffer includes a supporting top beam 1, a supporting column 2, and an energy-absorbing buffer 3. The energy-absorbing buffer 3 is disposed between the supporting top beam 1 and the supporting column 2. The energy-absorbing buffer 3 includes a hydraulic buffer unit 31 and a metal yielding buffer unit 33. The hydraulic buffer unit 31 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the supporting top beam 1 through a flange 4, and the metal yielding buffer unit 33 is connected to the top of the supporting column 2 through bolts. The hydraulic buffer unit 31 and the metal yielding buffer unit 33 are fixedly connected. The hydraulic buffer unit 31 includes a cylinder, a piston rod, and a damping orifice. The metal yielding buffer unit 33 is a metal bellows that undergoes axial compression deformation. The damping orifice of the hydraulic buffer unit 31 adopts a variable diameter design, with the orifice diameter gradually decreasing along the pressure direction. An accumulator and a safety valve are provided on the side wall of the cylinder, and the accumulator is connected to the inner cavity of the cylinder through an oil circuit.

[0024] In this embodiment, as a preferred technical solution, the metal bellows wall thickness of the metal yielding buffer unit 33 is 2-5mm, the number of bellows cycles is 5-8, and the material is austenitic stainless steel or high ductility aluminum alloy.

[0025] In this embodiment, as a preferred technical solution, the supporting column 2 is a split structure, including an upper column 21 and a lower column 22, with a second energy-absorbing buffer device 5 fixedly provided between them; the second energy-absorbing buffer device 5 has the same structure as the energy-absorbing buffer device 3.

[0026] In this embodiment, as a preferred technical solution, the bottom end of the support column 2 is provided with a shear-resistant base plate 8, and the base plate 8 is fixed to the roadway floor plate by anchor bolts.

[0027] In this embodiment, as a preferred technical solution, a displacement sensor 12 is installed at the end of the piston rod of the hydraulic buffer unit 31, and a pressure sensor 13 is provided on the outer wall of the cylinder; the displacement sensor 12 and the pressure sensor 13 are connected to the roadway monitoring system.

[0028] The working principle of this invention is as follows: When a rockburst occurs in the roadway, the impact force first acts on the supporting top beam 1, and then is transmitted to the energy-absorbing buffer device 3. At this time, the hydraulic buffer unit 31 responds first. The impact load pushes the piston rod to move into the cylinder. The hydraulic oil in the cylinder flows through the damping orifice with a variable diameter design. Since the diameter of the damping orifice gradually decreases along the pressure direction, a gradient damping force can be quickly formed, efficiently dissipating high-frequency impact energy. At the same time, the accumulator on the side wall of the cylinder can temporarily store some hydraulic energy to avoid a sudden pressure rise. The safety valve opens to relieve pressure when the pressure exceeds the set value, ensuring the safe operation of the hydraulic buffer unit 31. As the impact load continues to act, when the bearing limit of the metal yield buffer unit 33 is reached, its metal bellows undergoes axial compression plastic deformation, further absorbing residual energy. The two-stage linkage between the hydraulic buffer unit 31 and the metal yield buffer unit 33 realizes the step-by-step absorption of energy at different impact energy levels. If the impact energy is large, the split structure of the support column 2 begins to function. The second energy-absorbing buffer device 5 between the upper column 21 and the lower column 22 repeats the working process of the energy-absorbing buffer device 3, forming a double protection chain to further weaken the impact energy. During this process, the displacement sensor 12 at the piston rod end of the hydraulic buffer unit 31 monitors the displacement change of the piston rod in real time, and the pressure sensor 13 on the outer wall of the cylinder monitors the pressure inside the cylinder. Both transmit signals to the roadway monitoring system, which facilitates real-time monitoring of the working status of the support device and provides a basis for subsequent maintenance. The shear-resistant base plate 8 at the bottom of the support column 2 is fixed to the roadway floor by anchor bolts, ensuring the stability of the entire support device and preventing slippage or collapse under impact.

[0029] The present invention and its embodiments have been described above. This description is not restrictive, and the accompanying drawings are only one embodiment of the present invention; the actual structure is not limited thereto. In conclusion, if those skilled in the art are inspired by this description and design similar structures and embodiments without departing from the spirit of the invention, such designs should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A roadway support device with an energy-absorbing buffer device, comprising a supporting top beam (1), a supporting column (2), and an energy-absorbing buffer device (3), characterized in that: The energy-absorbing buffer device (3) is disposed between the supporting top beam (1) and the supporting column (2); the energy-absorbing buffer device (3) includes a hydraulic buffer unit (31) and a metal yield buffer unit (33); the hydraulic buffer unit (31) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the supporting top beam (1) through a flange (4), and the metal yield buffer unit (33) is connected to the top of the supporting column (2) through bolts; the hydraulic buffer unit (31) and the metal yield buffer unit (33) are fixedly connected; The hydraulic buffer unit (31) includes a cylinder, a piston rod and a damping hole. The metal yielding buffer unit (33) is a metal bellows with axial compression deformation. The damping hole of the hydraulic buffer unit (31) adopts a variable diameter design, with the hole diameter gradually decreasing along the pressure direction. An accumulator and a safety valve are provided on the side wall of the cylinder. The accumulator is connected to the inner cavity of the cylinder through an oil circuit.

2. A roadway support device with an energy-absorbing buffer device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metal bellows wall thickness of the metal yielding buffer unit (33) is 2-5 mm, the number of bellows cycles is 5-8, and the material is austenitic stainless steel or high ductility aluminum alloy.

3. A roadway support device with an energy-absorbing buffer device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The supporting column (2) is a split structure, including an upper column (21) and a lower column (22), with a second energy-absorbing buffer device (5) fixed between them; the second energy-absorbing buffer device (5) has the same structure as the energy-absorbing buffer device (3).

4. A roadway support device with an energy-absorbing buffer device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom end of the support column (2) is provided with a shear-resistant base plate (8), and the base plate (8) is fixed to the roadway base plate by anchor bolts.

5. A roadway support device with an energy-absorbing buffer device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A displacement sensor (12) is installed at the end of the piston rod of the hydraulic buffer unit (31), and a pressure sensor (13) is installed on the outer wall of the cylinder body; the signals of the displacement sensor (12) and the pressure sensor (13) are connected to the roadway monitoring system.

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