An automated billet piercing apparatus

Abstract

The application discloses an automatic steel billet perforating device and belongs to the technical field of seamless steel pipe production. The device is provided with an exhaust mechanism. A connecting shaft is arranged in the middle of a blocking plate and is provided with blades matched with the inner wall of a hollow top head. When the blades rotate, the bubble gathering state in the gas blocking area is broken, gas and liquid cooling medium are mixed to form gas-liquid two-phase flow, and the gas is pushed to move to the discharge end of the blocking plate, so that the gas retention in the hollow top head inner cavity is reduced.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of seamless steel pipe production, and particularly relates to an automatic steel billet piercing equipment. BACKGROUND

[0002] As a key basic material in the industrial field, the production core process of the seamless steel pipe is the hot rolling method, which realizes the efficient conversion of the solid pipe billet into a large-diameter hollow steel pipe through an automatic pipe rolling mill. The process takes the ingot or solid pipe billet as the raw material, is pre-processed through cutting, centering and the like, is heated to the plastic deformation temperature interval of 1000°C-1300°C, and is completed through the cooperative action of the roller and the plug. In this process, the plug, as the core tool directly contacting the high-temperature steel billet, needs to simultaneously withstand the rolling pressure and the severe friction heat, and the thermal stability of the plug directly affects the steel pipe forming quality and the equipment life;

[0003] To cope with the overheating problem of the plug, the current industrial practice generally adopts a hollow plug structure, which is internally integrated with a spiral or axial water channel to build a closed cooling circulation system. The design realizes efficient heat exchange through the phase change heat transfer (liquid state to gaseous state) of the liquid cooling medium, effectively reduces the temperature of the working end of the plug, delays the thermal cracking and plastic deformation, and prolongs the service life.

[0004] However, in actual production, under high-temperature working conditions, the cooling medium is severely vaporized in the local area of the inner cavity of the plug, forming a bubble accumulation area, i.e., a vapor resistance area. The gas compression of this area causes the flow area of the liquid cooling medium to decrease, the flow resistance to significantly increase, and the liquid medium to be unable to fully contact the inner wall of the plug, thereby blocking the phase change heat transfer process. The heat accumulation causes the temperature of the plug to get out of control, and long-term overheating easily accelerates the performance degradation of the plug material, increases the risk of thermal cracking, and shortens the replacement cycle. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application aims at solving the problem that under high-temperature working conditions, the cooling medium is severely vaporized in the local area of the inner cavity of the plug, forming a bubble accumulation area, i.e., a vapor resistance area. The gas compression of this area causes the flow area of the liquid cooling medium to decrease, the flow resistance to significantly increase, and the liquid medium to be unable to fully contact the inner wall of the plug, thereby blocking the phase change heat transfer process. The heat accumulation causes the temperature of the plug to get out of control, and long-term overheating easily accelerates the performance degradation of the plug material, increases the risk of thermal cracking, and shortens the replacement cycle.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application adopts the following technical solution: an automatic steel billet piercing equipment.

[0007] The piercing machine body drives the steel billet to move in a spiral track, and the piercing machine body is provided with a plug mechanism. The plug mechanism includes a fixedly installed base, and the base is fixedly installed with a hollow plug through a cooling channel. The hollow plug is bitten into the steel billet and pushed forward along with the movement of the steel billet, so as to hollow the steel billet.

[0008] The hollow top head is internally provided with an exhaust mechanism, which comprises a blocking plate arranged at the connecting position of the cooling channel and the hollow top head, and the cooling medium in the hollow top head enters the hollow top head through one side of the blocking plate, and is discharged from the other side of the blocking plate after heat exchange with the hollow top head.

[0009] A connecting shaft is rotationally arranged in the middle of the blocking plate, and a blade matched with the shape of the inner wall of the hollow top head is arranged around the connecting shaft, and the vaporized cooling medium is pushed out of the hollow top head by the rotation of the blade to eliminate the gas blocking area.

[0010] Further description of the above-mentioned automatic steel billet perforating device:

[0011] The exhaust mechanism further comprises a filling channel and a discharge channel opened in the inside of the cooling channel, and the two ends of the blocking plate for entering and discharging the cooling medium correspond to the positions of the filling channel and the discharge channel, respectively.

[0012] A main shaft penetrating the middle of the blocking plate and connected with the connecting shaft is rotationally arranged between the filling channel and the discharge channel.

[0013] Further description of the above-mentioned automatic steel billet perforating device:

[0014] The two sides of the cooling channel are respectively provided with a first negative pressure pump and a second negative pressure pump, the output ends of the first negative pressure pump and the second negative pressure pump are respectively connected with the filling channel and the discharge channel, the cooling medium is input into the filling channel through the first negative pressure pump, flows to the hollow top head for heat exchange, and then flows to the second negative pressure pump through the discharge channel, and is guided out of the cooling channel through the second negative pressure pump.

[0015] Further description of the above-mentioned automatic steel billet perforating device:

[0016] The expansion coefficient of the hollow top head is different from that of the blade, and an expansion gap is reserved between the outer edge of the blade and the inner edge of the hollow top head, the expansion gap is 0.5-1.2mm, the expansion gap decreases with the increase of the temperature of the hollow top head and the blade, and the minimum value is 0.3-0.5mm.

[0017] Further description of the above-mentioned automatic steel billet perforating device:

[0018] The filling channel and the discharge channel are both provided with a conveying mechanism, the conveying mechanism comprises a mounting frame installed at the two ends of the filling channel and the discharge channel, two through holes for the cooling medium to pass through are opened on the surface of the mounting frame, an auxiliary shaft is rotationally arranged at the coaxial position of the two through holes on the mounting frame, and the end of the auxiliary shaft is connected with a spiral flow channel arranged in the filling channel and the discharge channel.

[0019] Further description of the above-mentioned automatic steel billet perforating device:

[0020] The conveying mechanism further comprises a driving gear rotatingly arranged in the cooling channel, the driving gear being sleevedly mounted on the main shaft and engaged with a driven gear sleevedly mounted on the auxiliary shaft.

[0021] Further description of the automatic steel billet piercing device according to the above technical solution:

[0022] The intersection of the cooling channel, the first negative pressure pump and the second negative pressure pump is provided with a driving mechanism, the driving mechanism comprising a fixed frame fixedly mounted inside the cooling channel, and an impeller connected with the main shaft being rotatably embedded in the fixed frame;

[0023] The impeller is arranged at a position corresponding to the first negative pressure pump, and the cooling medium enters the cooling channel through the first negative pressure pump and then impacts the impeller to rotate.

[0024] Further description of the automatic steel billet piercing device according to the above technical solution:

[0025] The fixed frame is provided with a partition plate near the side of the second negative pressure pump, and a space for the cooling medium to pass through and enter the second negative pressure pump is reserved between the partition plate and the discharge channel.

[0026] Further description of the automatic steel billet piercing device according to the above technical solution:

[0027] The base is internally provided with a speed increasing mechanism, the speed increasing mechanism comprising a positioning shaft arranged at the end of the main shaft and penetrating into the base, and a clamping portion arranged on the positioning shaft;

[0028] and a servo motor arranged in the positioning shaft, the servo motor being provided with a sliding portion on the output end, and the sliding portion being slidingly nested with a clamping plate ring matched with the clamping portion.

[0029] Further description of the automatic steel billet piercing device according to the above technical solution:

[0030] The clamping plate ring is rotatably sleeved with a clamping plate ring, the clamping plate ring being provided with a sleeve ring at each end, the sleeve ring being provided with a through rod mounted through a connecting frame at the end portion, and the two through rods being connected with a pushing portion slidingly arranged on the base, and the pushing portion being provided with a positioning pin slidingly arranged thereon;

[0031] The surface of the base is provided with a through groove for the through rod to penetrate and slide, and two positioning holes for the positioning pin to penetrate.

[0032] One of the above technical solutions has the following advantages or beneficial effects:

[0033] 1. By setting the exhaust mechanism, the middle of the blocking plate is rotatably provided with a connecting shaft, and the connecting shaft is provided with a blade matched with the inner wall shape of the hollow top head. When the blade rotates, it can break the bubble aggregation state in the gas blocking area, mix the gas with the liquid cooling medium to form a gas-liquid two-phase flow, and push the gas to the exhaust end of the blocking plate, thereby reducing the gas retention amount in the hollow top head inner cavity;

[0034] 2. By setting the blade, when the temperature of the hollow top head rises to a predetermined threshold value due to the generated gas blocking area, the hollow top head inner cavity has a small radial expansion amount, and the blade expands due to thermal expansion to reduce the expansion gap to 0.3-0.5mm, to ensure that the hollow top head and the blade are still in a non-contact state, and the blade will not rub with the inner wall of the hollow top head when rotating at high temperature. Due to the reduced gap, the flow rate of the cooling medium increases, a high-pressure vortex area is generated at the edge of the blade, and the cooling medium is forced to flow through the gap in a spiral flow pattern. This flow pattern can increase the local turbulent intensity and exert asymmetric pressure on the gas blocking area, causing it to stretch and break, forming small bubbles after breaking and uniformly dispersing in the liquid cooling medium, forming a stable gas-liquid two-phase flow, thereby achieving the purpose of quickly removing the gas blocking area and reducing the duration of the gas blocking area. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 A perspective structural schematic diagram of an automatic steel billet piercing device is shown;

[0036] Figure 2 A perspective structural schematic diagram of a piercing mechanism is shown;

[0037] Figure 3 A perspective sectional structural schematic diagram of a piercing mechanism is shown;

[0038] Figure 4 A perspective split structural schematic diagram of an exhaust mechanism is shown;

[0039] Figure 5 A perspective structural schematic diagram of a piercing top head is shown;

[0040] Figure 6 A perspective sectional structural schematic diagram of a cooling channel is shown;

[0041] Figure 7 A perspective structural schematic diagram of a conveying mechanism is shown;

[0042] Figure 8 A partial perspective sectional structural schematic diagram of a conveying mechanism is shown;

[0043] Figure 9 A perspective structural schematic diagram of Figure 3 An enlarged structural schematic diagram of the middle B;

[0044] Figure 10A perspective sectional structure schematic diagram of the driving mechanism is shown;

[0045] Figure 11 A perspective structure schematic diagram of the driving mechanism is shown;

[0046] Figure 12 A partial perspective structure schematic diagram of the speed increasing mechanism in a separated state is shown;

[0047] Figure 13 A partial perspective structure schematic diagram of the speed increasing mechanism in a connected state is shown;

[0048] Figure 14 A partial perspective sectional structure schematic diagram of the speed increasing mechanism is shown;

[0049] Figure 15 A perspective structure schematic diagram of the speed increasing mechanism is shown; Figure 2 An enlarged structure schematic diagram at A in the middle is shown.

[0050] Legend:

[0051] 11, a body of the piercing machine; 12, a billet;

[0052] 20, a plug mechanism; 21, a base; 22, a cooling channel; 23, a hollow plug; 24, a first negative pressure pump; 25, a second negative pressure pump;

[0053] 30, an exhaust mechanism; 31, a pouring channel; 32, an exhaust channel; 33, a main shaft; 34, a blocking plate; 35, a connecting shaft; 36, a blade;

[0054] 40, a conveying mechanism; 41, a mounting frame; 42, a through hole; 43, an auxiliary shaft; 44, a spiral flow channel; 45, a driving gear; 46, a driven gear;

[0055] 50, a driving mechanism; 51, a fixing frame; 52, an impeller; 53, a partition plate;

[0056] 60, a speed increasing mechanism; 61, a positioning shaft; 62, a clamping part; 63, a servo motor; 64, a sliding part; 65, a clamping ring; 66, a sleeve ring; 67, a connecting frame; 68, a through rod; 69, a pushing part; 610, a through groove; 611, a positioning hole; 612, a positioning pin. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0057] The automatic billet piercing equipment in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below in combination with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0058] To solve the problem that under high temperature working condition, the cooling medium is severely vaporized in the local area of the inner cavity of the plug, forming a gas bubble gathering area, i.e. a vapor resistance area, the gas compression of the area causes the flow area of the liquid cooling medium to decrease, the flow resistance significantly increases, the liquid medium cannot fully contact the inner wall of the plug, the phase change heat transfer process is blocked, and the heat accumulation causes the temperature of the plug to be out of control, the application provides an automatic billet piercing device, as shown in Figure 1 Figure 15

[0059] The piercing machine body 11 drives the billet 12 to move in a spiral trajectory, the piercing machine body 11 is provided with a plug mechanism 20, the plug mechanism 20 comprises a fixedly installed base 21, the base 21 is fixedly installed with a hollow plug 23 through a cooling channel 22, the hollow plug 23 is bitten into the billet 12 and advances with the movement of the billet 12, so that the billet 12 is hollowed;

[0060] To reduce the temperature of the working end of the hollow plug 23, as shown in Figures 2-6

[0061] Further, as shown in Figure 3 Figure 6 To enable the cooling medium in the cooling channel 22 and the hollow plug 23 to form a circulation, the exhaust mechanism 30 further comprises a perfusion channel 31 and an exhaust channel 32 which are opened in the inside of the cooling channel 22, and the two ends of the blocking plate 34 through which the cooling medium enters and exits correspond to the positions of the perfusion channel 31 and the exhaust channel 32;

[0062] The two sides of the cooling channel 22 are respectively provided with a first negative pressure pump 24 and a second negative pressure pump 25, the output ends of the first negative pressure pump 24 and the second negative pressure pump 25 are respectively connected with the perfusion channel 31 and the exhaust channel 32, the cooling medium is injected into the cooling channel 22 through the first negative pressure pump 24, the cooling medium flows into the hollow plug 23 through the perfusion channel 31 and one end of the blocking plate 34, exchanges heat with the hollow plug 23, and then flows to the second negative pressure pump 25 through the other end of the blocking plate 34 and the first negative pressure pump 24 and is discharged from the cooling channel 22.

[0063] To reduce the amount of gas retained in the inner cavity of the hollow plug 23 and avoid the formation of a vapor resistance area in the inside of the hollow plug 23, Figure 4 ​​​​As shown, the middle of the blocking plate 34 is rotatably provided with a connecting shaft 35, and the connecting shaft 35 is circumferentially provided with a blade 36 matched with the inner wall shape of the hollow top head 23. When the blade 36 rotates, it can break the bubble aggregation state in the gas blocking area, mix the gas with the liquid cooling medium to form a gas-liquid two-phase flow, and push the gas to move to the discharge end of the blocking plate 34, thereby reducing the gas retention amount in the inner cavity of the hollow top head 23.

[0064] It should be noted that an expansion gap is reserved between the outer edge of the blade 36 and the inner edge of the hollow top head 23, and the expansion gap is 0.5-1.2mm, and the expansion gap decreases with the increase of the temperature of the hollow top head 23 and the blade 36, and the minimum value of the expansion gap is 0.3-0.5mm, which prevents the gap from being completely occupied after the temperature rises, and the expansion coefficients of the hollow top head 23 and the blade 36 are different. In order to ensure the stability of the hole size, the top head body of the hollow top head 23 adopts a low-expansion coefficient alloy to limit the radial thermal expansion amount at high temperature, and the blade 36 is selected from a material with a medium expansion coefficient to ensure that its thermal expansion amount is greater than the inner cavity of the hollow top head 23,

[0065] When the temperature of the hollow top head 23 rises to a predetermined threshold value due to the generated gas blocking area, the radial expansion amount of the inner cavity of the hollow top head 23 is small, and the blade 36 is caused to expand due to thermal expansion, so that the expansion gap is reduced to 0.3-0.5mm to ensure that the hollow top head 23 and the blade 36 are still in a non-contact state, and the blade 36 does not rub against the inner wall of the hollow top head 23 when rotating at high temperature. Due to the reduced gap, the flow rate of the cooling medium increases, a high-pressure vortex area is generated at the edge of the blade 36, the cooling medium is forced to pass through the gap in a spiral flow pattern, this flow pattern can increase the local turbulent intensity and exert an asymmetric pressure on the gas blocking area, causing it to stretch and break, forming small bubbles after breaking and uniformly dispersing in the liquid cooling medium, forming a stable gas-liquid two-phase flow, thereby achieving the purpose of quickly removing the gas blocking area and reducing the duration of the gas blocking area. When the temperature of the hollow top head 23 decreases, the blade 36 gradually recovers.

[0066] In order to adapt to the billet 12, the length of the cooling channel 22 is generally designed to be longer, which results in a longer moving path of the cooling medium in the cooling channel 22, so that the flow rate of the cooling medium decays greatly during the movement. In order to improve the circulation speed of the cooling medium in the cooling channel 22 and the hollow top head 23, a Figure 3 、 Figure 6 and Figure 7As shown, the perfusion channel 31 and the discharge channel 32 are provided with a conveying mechanism 40, the conveying mechanism 40 comprises a mounting frame 41 mounted at both ends of the perfusion channel 31 and the discharge channel 32, two through holes 42 for the cooling medium to pass through are formed on the surface of the mounting frame 41, an auxiliary shaft 43 is rotatably arranged at a coaxial position of the two through holes 42 on the mounting frame 41, and the end of the auxiliary shaft 43 is connected with a spiral flow channel 44 arranged in the perfusion channel 31 and the discharge channel 32. After the cooling medium is injected into the cooling channel 22 by the first negative pressure pump 24, it enters the perfusion channel 31 through the through hole 42. At this time, by rotating the spiral flow channel 44, the spiral flow channel 44 changes the flow pattern of the cooling medium in the perfusion channel 31, so that the cooling medium produces rotary motion, thereby achieving the purpose of improving the flow rate of the cooling medium and increasing the heat exchange efficiency.

[0067] Further, in order to enable the blade 36 and the spiral flow channel 44 to rotate, as shown in Figure 6 and Figure 8 The main shaft 33 is rotatably arranged between the perfusion channel 31 and the discharge channel 32 and is connected with the connecting shaft 35, and the conveying mechanism 40 further comprises a driving gear 45 rotatably arranged in the cooling channel 22, the driving gear 45 is sleeved and mounted on the main shaft 33 and is engaged with a driven gear 46 sleeved and mounted on the auxiliary shaft 43.

[0068] As shown in Figure 9 The intersection of the cooling channel 22, the first negative pressure pump 24 and the second negative pressure pump 25 is provided with a driving mechanism 50, the driving mechanism 50 comprises a fixed frame 51 fixedly installed inside the cooling channel 22, a impeller 52 connected with the main shaft 33 is rotatably embedded in the fixed frame 51, the impeller 52 is arranged at a position corresponding to the first negative pressure pump 24, and the cooling medium enters the cooling channel 22 through the first negative pressure pump 24 and impacts the impeller 52 to rotate. Under the drive of the impeller 52, the main shaft 33 drives the blade 36 to rotate through the connecting shaft 35 to remove the steam resistance area, and at the same time, the main shaft 33 drives the four auxiliary shafts 43 to rotate through the driving gear 45, so that the auxiliary shafts 43 drive the spiral flow channels 44 to rotate in the perfusion channel 31 and the discharge channel 32 to accelerate the flow speed of the cooling medium.

[0069] It should be noted that, as shown in Figure 9 The fixed frame 51 is provided with a partition plate 53 close to the second negative pressure pump 25, and a space for the cooling medium to pass through and enter the second negative pressure pump 25 is reserved between the discharge channel 32 and the partition plate 53. By arranging the partition plate 53, the cooling medium is prevented from directly reaching the second negative pressure pump 25 through the fixed frame 51 and the impeller 52.

[0070] When the cooling medium used is a high-viscosity liquid that cannot impact the impeller 52 to rotate it, and the impeller 52 speed is not ideal, the cooling medium conveying speed is slow, and additional power source input is needed to accelerate, the speed increasing mechanism 60 is installed inside the base 21, the speed increasing mechanism 60 includes a positioning shaft 61 arranged at the end of the main shaft 33 and penetrating into the base 21, the positioning shaft 61 is provided with a clamping portion 62, the positioning shaft 61 is provided with a servo motor 63, the output end of the servo motor 63 is provided with a sliding portion 64, and the surface of the sliding portion 64 is slidingly nested with a clamping plate ring 65 matched with the clamping portion 62;

[0071] By sliding the clamping plate ring 65, the clamping plate ring 65 is sleeved on the clamping portion 62 under the limitation of the sliding portion 64, and the clamping plate ring 65 is embedded with the clamping portion 62 under the guidance of the clamping portion 62, at this time, by starting the servo motor 63, the servo motor 63 drives the clamping portion 62 to rotate through the sliding portion 64 and the clamping plate ring 65, the clamping portion 62 drives the main shaft 33 to rotate actively, thereby achieving the purpose of driving the blade 36 and the spiral flow channel 44 to rotate through an additional power source, and improving the emergency operation scheme of the equipment.

[0072] Further, the clamping plate ring 65 is rotatably sleeved on the surface of the clamping plate ring 65, the two ends of the clamping plate ring 65 are respectively provided with a sleeve ring 66, the end of the sleeve ring 66 is provided with a through rod 68 through a connecting frame 67, and the two through rods 68 are connected with a pushing portion 69 slidingly arranged on the base 21, the pushing portion 69 is slidingly provided with a positioning pin 612, and the surface of the base 21 is provided with a through groove 610 for the through rod 68 to penetrate and slide, and two positioning holes 611 for the positioning pin 612 to penetrate;

[0073] When it is necessary to adjust the position of the clamping plate ring 65, the positioning pin 612 is pulled out, so that the positioning pin 612 no longer cooperates with the positioning hole 611 to limit the position of the pushing portion 69, and then the pushing portion 69 is pushed, so that the pushing portion 69 drives the through rod 68 to slide under the limitation of the through groove 610, and the through rod 68 drives the clamping plate ring 65 to slide on the sliding portion 64 through the connecting frame 67 and the sleeve ring 66, thereby achieving the purpose of directly controlling the position of the clamping plate ring 65 on the base 21.

[0074] Working principle:

[0075] The piercing machine body 11 drives the steel billet 12 to move in a spiral trajectory, and the hollow plug 23 moves with the steel billet 12 to bite into and advance, so as to hollow the steel billet 12;

[0076] The first negative pressure pump 24 injects the cooling medium into the cooling channel 22, enters the hollow plug 23 through the perfusion channel 31 and one end of the barrier plate 34, and flows to the second negative pressure pump 25 from the other end of the barrier plate 34 after heat exchange;

[0077] The middle part of the blocking plate 34 is provided with a connecting shaft 35, and the connecting shaft 35 is provided with blades 36. The rotation can break the bubble gathering in the steam blocking area, form the gas-liquid two-phase flow, push the gas to be discharged, and the cooling medium impacts the impeller 52 to rotate, drive the main shaft 33 and the connecting shaft 35, and make the blades 36 rotate to remove the steam blocking area.

[0078] The perfusion channel 31 and the discharge channel 32 are provided with a conveying mechanism 40, which comprises a mounting frame 41, a through hole 42, an auxiliary shaft 43 and a spiral flow channel 44. The rotation of the spiral flow channel 44 changes the flow pattern of the cooling medium, improves the flow rate, and drives the spiral flow channel 44 to rotate through the driving gear 45 and the driven gear 46.

[0079] When the cooling medium is a high-viscosity liquid or the rotation speed of the impeller 52 is not ideal and the conveying is slow, the sliding clamping ring 65 is sleeved on the clamping part 62 and is embedded. The servo motor 63 is started, the main shaft 33 is driven to rotate through the sliding part 64, the clamping ring 65 and the clamping part 62, the position of the clamping ring 65 is adjusted, the positioning pin 612 is pulled out, the pushing part 69 is pushed, the through rod 68 and the clamping ring 65 are driven to slide, and after being positioned, the positioning pin 612 is inserted to be fixed.

[0080] The above is only a preferred specific embodiment of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited to this. Any person skilled in the art can make equivalent replacement or change according to the technical concept of the present application within the technical range disclosed by the present application, and all of them should be covered within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. An automated billet piercing apparatus comprising a piercing machine body (11) which moves a billet (12) in a helical trajectory, characterized in that, The piercing machine body (11) is provided with a piercing head mechanism (20), which comprises a fixed base (21) provided with a hollow piercing head (23) through a cooling channel (22). The hollow piercing head (23) is bitten into the steel billet (12) and pushed forward to hollow the steel billet (12) as the steel billet (12) moves; The hollow piercing head (23) is provided with an exhaust mechanism (30) inside. The exhaust mechanism (30) comprises a blocking plate (34) arranged at the connection between the cooling channel (22) and the hollow piercing head (23). The cooling medium in the hollow piercing head (23) enters the hollow piercing head (23) through one side of the blocking plate (34) and is discharged from the other side of the blocking plate (34) after heat exchange with the hollow piercing head (23); The middle part of the blocking plate (34) is rotatably provided with a connecting shaft (35), and the connecting shaft (35) is surrounded by a blade (36) matched with the inner wall of the hollow piercing head (23). The vaporized cooling medium is pushed out of the hollow piercing head (23) by the rotation of the blade (36) to eliminate the gas resistance area; The exhaust mechanism (30) further comprises a perfusion channel (31) and a discharge channel (32) opened in the cooling channel (22). The two ends of the blocking plate (34) for entering and exiting the cooling medium correspond to the positions of the perfusion channel (31) and the discharge channel (32); The perfusion channel (31) and the discharge channel (32) are rotatably provided with a main shaft (33) penetrating the middle part of the blocking plate (34) and connected with the connecting shaft (35); The expansion coefficients of the hollow piercing head (23) and the blade (36) are different, and an expansion gap is reserved between the outer edge of the blade (36) and the inner edge of the hollow piercing head (23). The expansion gap is 0.5-1.2mm, and the expansion gap decreases with the increase of the temperature of the hollow piercing head (23) and the blade (36), and the minimum value is 0.3-0.5mm.

2. An automated billet piercing apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The two sides of the cooling channel (22) are respectively provided with a first negative pressure pump (24) and a second negative pressure pump (25). The output ends of the first negative pressure pump (24) and the second negative pressure pump (25) are respectively connected with the perfusion channel (31) and the discharge channel (32). The cooling medium is input into the perfusion channel (31) through the first negative pressure pump (24), flows to the hollow piercing head (23) for heat exchange, and then flows to the second negative pressure pump (25) through the discharge channel (32), and is discharged from the cooling channel (22) through the second negative pressure pump (25).

3. An automated billet piercing apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein, The perfusion channel (31) and the discharge channel (32) are provided with a conveying mechanism (40). The conveying mechanism (40) comprises a mounting frame (41) mounted at the two ends of the perfusion channel (31) and the discharge channel (32). Two through holes (42) for the cooling medium are formed in the surface of the mounting frame (41). Auxiliary shafts (43) are rotatably arranged at the coaxial positions of the two through holes (42) on the mounting frame (41), and the end portions of the auxiliary shafts (43) are connected with spiral flow channels (44) arranged in the perfusion channel (31) and the discharge channel (32).

4. An automated billet piercing apparatus as claimed in claim 3, wherein, The conveying mechanism (40) further comprises a driving gear (45) rotatably arranged in the cooling channel (22), the driving gear (45) is sleeved and mounted on the main shaft (33) and is engaged with a driven gear (46) sleeved and mounted on the auxiliary shaft (43) respectively.

5. An automated billet piercing apparatus as claimed in claim 4, wherein, The intersection of the cooling channel (22), the first negative pressure pump (24) and the second negative pressure pump (25) is provided with a driving mechanism (50), the driving mechanism (50) comprises a fixed frame (51) fixedly installed inside the cooling channel (22), and an impeller (52) connected with the main shaft (33) is rotatably embedded in the fixed frame (51); The impeller (52) is arranged at a position corresponding to the first negative pressure pump (24), and the cooling medium enters the cooling channel (22) through the first negative pressure pump (24) and then impacts the impeller (52) to rotate.

6. An automated billet piercing apparatus as claimed in claim 5, wherein, The fixed frame (51) is provided with a partition plate (53) close to the side of the second negative pressure pump (25), and a space for the cooling medium to pass through and enter the second negative pressure pump (25) is reserved between the discharge channel (32) and the partition plate (53).

7. An automated billet piercing apparatus as claimed in claim 6, wherein, The inside of the base (21) is provided with a speed increasing mechanism (60), the speed increasing mechanism (60) comprises a positioning shaft (61) arranged at the end of the main shaft (33) and penetrating into the base (21), and a clamping portion (62) is arranged on the positioning shaft (61); And a servo motor (63) arranged in the positioning shaft (61), a sliding portion (64) is arranged on the output end of the servo motor (63), and a clamping plate ring (65) is slidingly nested on the surface of the sliding portion (64) and matched with the clamping portion (62).

8. An automated billet piercing apparatus as claimed in claim 7, wherein, The surface of the clamping plate ring (65) is rotatably sleeved with a clamping plate ring (65), both ends of the clamping plate ring (65) are respectively provided with a sleeve ring (66), the sleeve ring (66) is installed with a through rod (68) through a connecting frame (67), and the two through rods (68) are connected with a pushing portion (69) slidingly arranged on the base (21), and a positioning pin (612) is slidingly arranged on the pushing portion (69); The surface of the base (21) is provided with a through groove (610) for the through rod (68) to penetrate and slide, and two positioning holes (611) for the positioning pin (612) to penetrate.

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