Nutrient element combined application combination for improving yield and quality of pinellia ternate and application method
By combining urea, superphosphate, potassium sulfate, EDTA chelated copper, disodium octaborate tetrahydrate, and sodium molybdate, the problems of soil compaction and low utilization rate caused by improper fertilizer application were solved, thus improving the yield and quality of Pinellia ternata.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510903024.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-07-01
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-25
AI Technical Summary
In existing technologies, improper application of fertilizers leads to soil compaction and low fertilizer utilization, which affects the yield and quality of Pinellia ternata.
A combination of nutrients, including urea, superphosphate, potassium sulfate, EDTA chelated copper, disodium octaborate tetrahydrate, and sodium molybdate, is used to meet the nutrient requirements of Pinellia ternata at different growth stages through basal and topdressing methods.
This method improved the yield and quality of Pinellia ternata, achieved efficient nutrient utilization, and yielded 14619.42 kg·hm⁻², which was significantly better than other treatments. Moreover, the method was simple and easy to implement.
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Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of fertilizer application technology for Chinese medicinal herb cultivation, specifically involving a combination of nutrient elements and application method to improve the yield and quality of Pinellia ternata. Background Technology
[0002] Pinellia ternata is derived from the plant Pinellia ternata of the Araceae family (Araceae). Pinellia ternate The dried tubers of *Pinellia ternata* (Thunb.) Breit. mainly contain active ingredients such as succinic acid, total alkaloids, volatile oils, polysaccharides, amino acids, and pinellia protein. They are used for relieving nausea and vomiting, suppressing cough, detoxifying and anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and treating coronary heart disease. Pinellia ternata has significant effects on symptoms such as cough, vomiting, infection, and inflammation. Modern pharmacological studies have found that it possesses antitussive, expectorant, antiemetic, antitumor, antibacterial, sedative, and hypnotic biological activities. As a major medicinal herb in my country, the market demand for Pinellia ternata is constantly expanding, and people's demand for it is increasing year by year. However, wild resources are decreasing year by year, making artificial cultivation an effective alternative. One of the key factors for high yield of Pinellia ternata is nutrients. Through surveys of Pinellia ternata producing areas in various regions, the consensus has been reached that sufficient fertilizer application can promote high yields.
[0003] Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) significantly influence crop growth and development, impacting plant fresh weight, dry matter accumulation, plant height, and branching number. Studies have found that increased copper fertilization is beneficial for increasing potato tuber yield and improving quality; boron promotes protein synthesis and the formation and development of reproductive organs; molybdenum promotes reproductive organ formation, participates in nitrogen metabolism within the plant, and promotes photosynthesis and carbohydrate transfer. However, excessive fertilization can lead to soil compaction and low fertilizer utilization. Summary of the Invention
[0004] One objective of this invention is to provide a nutrient element combination for improving the yield and quality of Pinellia ternata; another objective is to provide a method for applying the nutrient element combination for improving the yield and quality of Pinellia ternata, thereby solving the problems caused by improper fertilizer application and providing a scientific basis for the selection, dosage and application method of macro and micro elements in Pinellia ternata production.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A nutrient element combination for improving the yield and quality of Pinellia ternata, the nutrient element combination comprising the following components in parts by weight: 1-3 parts urea, 1-3 parts superphosphate, 1-3 parts potassium sulfate, 1-3 parts EDTA chelated copper at 1000-2000 times dilution, 1-3 parts disodium tetraborate tetrahydrate at 500-1500 times dilution, and 1-3 parts sodium molybdate at 250-750 times dilution.
[0006] In order to further achieve the present application, the nutrient element combined application comprises the following components in parts by weight: urea 1 part, superphosphate 2 parts, potassium sulfate 3 parts, EDTA chelated copper 2000 times solution 1 part, disodium octaborate decahydrate 500 times solution 2 parts, and sodium molybdate 500 times solution 3 parts.
[0007] In order to further achieve the present application, the nitrogen content in the urea is 46%, the P2O5 content in the superphosphate is 12%, the K2O content in the potassium sulfate is 51%, the copper content in the EDTA chelated copper is >15%, the boron content in the disodium octaborate decahydrate is >20.5%, and the molybdenum content in the sodium molybdate is >39%.
[0008] An application method of a nutrient element combined application for improving the yield and quality of pinellia ternate, comprising the following steps: S1, seedling period fertilization: Base fertilizer is applied in April, and the base fertilizer comprises nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer; the nitrogen fertilizer is urea, and the application amount of the urea is 64.70%-65.07% of the total amount of urea applied in the planting period; the phosphorus fertilizer is superphosphate, and the application amount of the superphosphate is 92.48%-92.49% of the total amount of superphosphate applied in the planting period; S2, vigorous growth period topdressing: The topdressing in June-July comprises nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, copper fertilizer, boron fertilizer, and molybdenum fertilizer; The topdressing in August comprises potassium fertilizer, copper fertilizer, boron fertilizer, and molybdenum fertilizer; The nitrogen fertilizer is urea, the application amount of the urea is 34.93%-35.30% of the total amount of urea applied in the planting period, the phosphorus fertilizer is superphosphate, the application amount of the superphosphate is 7.51%-7.52% of the total amount of superphosphate applied in the planting period, the potassium fertilizer is potassium sulfate, the copper fertilizer is EDTA chelated copper 1000-2000 times solution, the boron fertilizer is disodium octaborate decahydrate 500-1500 times solution, and the molybdenum fertilizer is sodium molybdate 250-750 times solution.
[0009] In order to further achieve the present application, the topdressing in June in S2 is the first topdressing, wherein the application amount of the urea is 26.02%-26.21% of the total amount of urea applied in the planting period, the application amount of the superphosphate is 5.31%-5.32% of the total amount of superphosphate applied in the planting period, and the application amount of the potassium sulfate is 3.38%-3.39% of the total amount of potassium sulfate applied in the planting period.
[0010] In order to further achieve the present application, the topdressing in July in S2 is the second topdressing, wherein the application amount of the urea is 8.88%-9.09% of the total amount of urea applied in the planting period, the application amount of the superphosphate is 2.15%-2.22% of the total amount of superphosphate applied in the planting period, and the application amount of the potassium sulfate is 2.89%-2.90% of the total amount of potassium sulfate applied in the planting period.
[0011] In order to further realize the present application, the 8th topdressing in S2 is the third topdressing, wherein the application amount of potassium sulfate is 3.71%-3.72% of the total amount of potassium sulfate applied during the planting period.
[0012] In order to further realize the present application, in the three topdressings in June, July and August in S2, the application amounts of EDTA chelated copper, disodium octaborate and sodium molybdate in each month are 1 / 3 of the total amounts applied during the planting period.
[0013] The beneficial effects of the present application compared with the prior art are: The present application adopts orthogonal test design to study the influence of the application of macroelements N, P and K and microelements Cu, B and Mo on Pinellia ternata, and entropy weight topsis analysis is performed on a total of 16 indexes (yield, property, nutrient substances (total protein, starch, soluble sugar), chemical components (nucleosides, organic acids, alkaloids)), it is found that potassium element is the key element affecting the yield and quality of Pinellia ternata, and it is suggested that the potassium application amount for Pinellia ternata in Gansu region is 310.5 kg·hm -2 , and the optimal element application combination is that 18.70 g of urea, 319.20 g of superphosphate, 31.05 g of potassium sulfate, 2000 times of EDTA chelated copper (copper content > 15 %), 500 times of disodium octaborate (boron content > 20.5 %) and 500 times of sodium molybdate (molybdenum content > 39 %) are applied per square meter.
[0014] The present application adopts orthogonal test design, and the influence of six elements N, P, K, Cu, B and Mo on the yield and quality of Pinellia ternata is considered evenly, and finally the most suitable nutrient element application combination for the production of Pinellia ternata is designed.
[0015] According to the conventional fertilization mode and application amount in the original producing area, the fertilization mode is simple and easy to implement (N, P and K are mixed with soil and uniformly applied, and microelements are sprayed on leaves), and the fertilization time includes base application and topdressing, so that the nutrient requirements of Pinellia ternata in each growth period can be ensured, especially in the seedling stage, the vigorous growth period and the early harvest period.
[0016] The application method of the application combination designed in the present application is simple and easy to implement, and can be easily controlled, so that the yield of Pinellia ternata can reach a high level of 14619.42 kg·hm -2 , and the difference with the element application combination with the highest yield (14901.40 kg·hm -2 ) is not significant (P<0.05). P BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0017] Figure 1 Pinellia ternata yield under the element application treatment in the experimental example of the present application; Figure 2 This refers to the total protein content in Pinellia ternata under elemental application treatment in the experimental examples of this invention. Figure 3 The starch content in Pinellia ternata under elemental application treatment in the experimental examples of this invention; Figure 4 This refers to the soluble sugar content in Pinellia ternata in the experimental examples of this invention; Figure 5 The chromatogram of the mixed standard nucleosides in the experimental example of the present invention includes 1-uridine, 2-hypoxanthine, 3-inosine, 4-guanosine, 5-thymidine, 6-adenine, and 7-adenine. Figure 6 This is a chromatogram of nucleoside compounds in the sample from the experimental examples of this invention, including 1-uridine, 2-hypoxanthine, 3-inosine, 4-guanosine, 5-thymidine, 6-adenine, and 7-adenosine. Detailed Implementation
[0018] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
[0019] A nutrient element combination for improving the yield and quality of Pinellia ternata, the nutrient element combination comprising the following components in parts by weight: 1-3 parts urea, 1-3 parts superphosphate, 1-3 parts potassium sulfate, 1-3 parts EDTA chelated copper at 1000-2000 times dilution, 1-3 parts disodium tetraborate tetrahydrate at 500-1500 times dilution, and 1-3 parts sodium molybdate at 250-750 times dilution.
[0020] The optimal ratio of the nutrient element combination includes the following components by weight: 1 part urea, 2 parts superphosphate, 3 parts potassium sulfate, 1 part EDTA chelated copper solution (2000x dilution), 2 parts disodium tetraborate tetrahydrate solution (500x dilution), and 3 parts sodium molybdate solution (500x dilution).
[0021] The nitrogen content of urea in the above-mentioned nutrient combination is 46%, the P2O5 content of superphosphate is 12%, the K2O content of potassium sulfate is 51%, the copper content of EDTA chelated copper is >15%, the boron content of disodium tetraborate tetrahydrate is >20.5%, and the molybdenum content of sodium molybdate is >39%.
[0022] The application method for the nutrient element combination to improve the yield and quality of Pinellia ternata includes the following steps: S1. Fertilization during sowing period: Apply base fertilizer when sowing in April. Base fertilizer includes nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer. Urea is used as nitrogen fertilizer, and the amount of urea applied is 64.70%-65.07% of the total amount of urea applied during the planting period. Superphosphate is used as phosphorus fertilizer, and the amount of superphosphate applied is 92.48%-92.49% of the total amount of superphosphate applied during the planting period. S2. Topdressing during the vigorous growth period: Topdressing in June and July includes nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, copper, boron, and molybdenum fertilizers. The first topdressing is in June, with urea accounting for 26.02%-26.21% of the total urea applied during the planting period, superphosphate for 5.31%-5.32%, and potassium sulfate for 3.38%-3.39%. The second topdressing is in July, with urea accounting for 8.88%-9.09% of the total urea applied during the planting period, superphosphate for 2.15%-2.22%, and potassium sulfate for 2.89%-2.90%. The August topdressing is the third application, including potassium fertilizer, copper fertilizer, boron fertilizer, and molybdenum fertilizer. The amount of potassium sulfate applied is 3.71%-3.72% of the total amount of potassium sulfate applied during the planting period. In the three topdressing applications in June, July and August, the application rates of EDTA chelated copper, disodium octaborate tetrahydrate and sodium molybdate in each month were 1 / 3 of their total application rates during the planting period. The nitrogen fertilizer used is urea, with the application rate being 34.93%-35.30% of the total urea applied during the planting period. The phosphate fertilizer used is superphosphate, with the application rate being 7.51%-7.52% of the total superphosphate applied during the planting period. The potassium fertilizer used is potassium sulfate. The copper fertilizer used is EDTA chelated copper at a dilution of 1000-2000 times. The boron fertilizer used is disodium octaborate tetrahydrate at a dilution of 500-1500 times. The molybdenum fertilizer used is sodium molybdate at a dilution of 250-750 times.
[0023] Experimental example: 1. Materials and Methods 1.1 Materials and Reagents The Pinellia ternata used in the experiment was Jingte No. 1, which was identified by Professor Du Tao of Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine as a plant belonging to the genus Pinellia. Pinellia ternate [(Thunb.)Berit.] Before sowing, select healthy rhizomes with a diameter of 0.8–1.0 cm and full buds for sowing.
[0024] Experimental Site Overview: The experiment was conducted from April 1st to August 25th, 2023, in a multi-span greenhouse of Longnan Minle Co., Ltd., Xihe County, Longnan City, Gansu Province. The soil was black loess, with hydrolyzable nitrogen content of 73.00 mg / kg in the 0–20 cm soil layer before sowing. -1 Available phosphorus content: 15.50 mg·kg -1 Available potassium content: 112.00 mg·kg -1 Available boron 0.45 mg·kg -1 Effective molybdenum 0.08 mg·kg -1Available copper content: 1.71 mg·kg -1 The reagents used are shown in Table 1.
[0025] Table 1 Reagents 1.2 Experimental Design The experiment employed a six-factor, three-level orthogonal experimental design, with a total of 18 treatments, each replicated three times, resulting in 54 experimental plots. Each plot had an area of 2m × 1.8m = 3.6m². 2 The land is plowed and leveled, and the plots are separated by 30cm. The seeding rate for each plot is 1.4kg, broadcast sown at a depth of 10cm. After emergence, a black shade net with a 50% shading degree is erected.
[0026] Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers are applied by mixing them with the soil and then spreading them. Copper, boron, and molybdenum fertilizers are applied at a rate of 80 kg of water per acre per application, using 1 m³ of water. 2 Apply approximately 120 mL of the foliar spray solution on a rainless day. Specific application amounts, timing, and methods for each element are shown in Tables 2 and 3, and the element combination table is shown in Table 4.
[0027] Table 2. Application time and amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium Table 3. Application amount and timing of copper, boron, and molybdenum Table 4 Element Allocation Table 1.3 Test index determination and results 1.3.1 Yield and characteristics of Pinellia ternata under elemental application treatment Yield: Pinellia ternata was harvested on August 25, 2023, with 1×1m of product per treatment. 2 The tubers of Pinellia ternata were sifted to remove the soil, weighed, and the fresh yield was determined. The experiment was repeated three times.
[0028] Characteristics: The dry weight ratio is calculated by washing and peeling the commercial-grade Pinellia ternata from each experimental plot, draining it in a mesh bag, and drying it at 60℃ until completely dry (dry weight ratio = dry product weight / fresh product weight × 100%). The standard rate is calculated by grading the fresh Pinellia ternata from each experimental plot, and recording Pinellia ternata that meets the pharmacopoeia standard as having a tuber diameter of 9mm ≤ 18mm (the pharmacopoeia standard Pinellia ternata diameter is 0.7~1.6cm). The tuber standard rate is expressed as the percentage of tuber counts out of the total number of tubers.
[0029] Depend on Figure 1 It can be seen that the highest yield of Pinellia ternata was achieved under treatment No. 6 (N1P3K3Cu2Mo1B2), which was 14901.40 kg·hm². -2The second highest yield was from treatment No. 4 (N1P2K3Cu1Mo2B3), at 14619.42 kg·hm². -2 There was no significant difference in yield between treatment 4 and treatment 6. P >0.01), and both treatments showed significant yield differences compared to other treatments ( P <0.01), indicating that high concentrations of potassium have a significant effect on promoting the yield of Pinellia ternata. Yields exceeding 12000 kg·hm²... -2 Treatments included 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 11, 14, 15, 16, and 18. Treatment 13 (N3P1K2Cu3Mo1B2) resulted in the lowest yield of Pinellia ternata, at 8081.03 kg·hm². -2 Significantly lower than other treatments ( P <0.01), the difference between the highest and lowest yields reached 6820.37 kg·hm. -2 .
[0030] Table 5 shows that the dry fraction of Pinellia ternata ranged from 35.91% to 44.45%. Treatment No. 10 (N2P2K3Cu3Mo1B1) had the highest dry fraction at 44.45%, while treatment No. 3 (N1P2K1Cu3Mo3B2) had the lowest at 35.91%. The difference between the two treatments was due to the presence of potassium and molybdenum. Potassium and molybdenum may affect the moisture content of Pinellia ternata, and higher application rates of potassium and molybdenum within a reasonable range may result in a higher dry fraction. The standard yield of Pinellia ternata ranged from 37.50% to 77.82%. Treatment No. 8 (N2P1K3Cu1Mo3B2) had the highest standard yield, while treatment No. 18 (N3P3K3Cu3Mo3B3) had the lowest. This indicates that higher application rates of elements do not necessarily lead to higher standard yields; a reasonable combination of elements can improve the standard yield of Pinellia ternata.
[0031] Table 5. Results of the survey on the characteristics of Pinellia ternata under different element combinations. A reasonable combination of elements can promote plant growth, significantly increase the diameter and weight of bulbils, as well as the diameter and weight of the mother stem, thereby increasing yield. This invention, through experimental research, found that at a urea concentration of 18.70 g·m³,… -2 (N), superphosphate 478.80 g·m -2 (P), Potassium sulfate 31.05 g·m -2 (K) Under the conditions of applying EDTA-chelated copper at a dilution of 1500 times (Cu), sodium molybdate at a dilution of 750 times (Mo), and disodium octaborate tetrahydrate at a dilution of 1000 times (B), the yield of Pinellia ternata was the highest, reaching 14901.40 kg·hm². -2 .
[0032] 1.3.2 Nutrient composition of Pinellia ternata under elemental application treatment The total protein, starch and soluble sugar contents of Pinellia ternata were determined after harvesting using a kit (Nanjing Jiancheng). The specific operation was performed according to the kit instructions.
[0033] 1.3.2.1 Total protein content of Pinellia ternata under elemental application treatment Depend on Figure 2 It is known that the total protein content in Pinellia ternata ranges from 8.35 to 18.57 mg / g. -1 Among the different treatments, the highest total protein content was observed in Pinellia ternata under treatment number 17, at 18.57 mg / g. -1 Among the three treatments (N3P2K2Cu1Mo3B1), 17 (N3P3K1Cu1Mo2B2), and 18 (N3P3K3Cu3Mo3B3), the total protein content in Pinellia ternata did not differ significantly, but compared with other treatments, the total protein content showed a significant difference. P The total protein content (<0.05) may be due to the application of high-concentration nitrogen, which promoted the increase in total protein content in Pinellia ternata. Compared with the three treatments with the same high nitrogen concentration (13, N3P1K2Cu3Mo1B2), 14, N3P1K3Cu2Mo2B1, and 15, N3P2K1Cu2Mo1B3), it is possible that when phosphorus is applied to a certain level, the higher the nitrogen application, the higher the total protein content. Under treatment 7 (N2P1K1Cu3Mo2B3), the total protein content in Pinellia ternata was the lowest, at 8.35 mg / g. -1 The element content of Pinellia ternata treated with other methods reached a significant level ( P <0.05).
[0034] 1.3.2.2 Starch content of Pinellia ternata under elemental application treatment Depend on Figure 3 It can be seen that the starch content in Pinellia ternata ranges from 86.8 to 181.29 mg / g. -1 Among the different treatments, the highest starch content in Pinellia ternata was observed under treatment 16 (N3P2K2Cu1Mo3B1), at 181.29 mg / g. -1 The starch content in Pinellia ternata was second highest in treatment 7 (N2P1K1Cu3Mo2B3), while the starch content in treatment 16 was not significantly different from that in treatment 7. P <0.05). Under treatment 5 (N1P3K2Cu3Mo2B1), the starch content in Pinellia ternata was the lowest, at 86.8 mg·g. -1 The starch content of Pinellia ternata treated with other methods was significantly different from that treated with other methods. P<0.05). In comparison, the amount of nitrogen applied is still the key element affecting the starch content of Pinellia ternata. Within a reasonable range, the higher the nitrogen application, the higher the starch content of Pinellia ternata.
[0035] 1.3.2.3 Soluble sugar content of Pinellia ternata under elemental application Depend on Figure 4 It is known that the soluble sugar content in Pinellia ternata ranges from 21.15 to 65.54 mg / g. -1 Among the treatments, the highest soluble sugar content in Pinellia ternata was observed under treatment 4 (N1P2K3Cu1Mo2B3), reaching 65.54 mg·g⁻¹. -1 The difference was statistically significant compared to other treatments. P <0.05), the soluble sugar content in Pinellia ternata was second highest under treatment 16 (N3P2K2Cu1Mo3B1), followed by treatments 6 (N1P3K3Cu2Mo1B2) and 10 (N2P2K3Cu3Mo1B1), all of which involved higher potassium application rates. Treatment 17 (N3P3K1Cu1Mo2B2) had the lowest soluble sugar content in Pinellia ternata, at 21.15 mg / g. -1 All of them showed significant differences compared to other treatments ( P <0.05). This shows that high concentrations of potassium can promote the increase of soluble sugar content in Pinellia ternata.
[0036] A reasonable combination of elements can significantly increase the nutrient content of Pinellia ternata. Experimental studies in this invention have shown that the total protein content in Pinellia ternata was highest under treatment 17 (N3P3K1Cu1Mo2B2), reaching 18.57 mg / g. -1 Under treatment 16 (N3P2K2Cu1Mo3B1), the starch content in Pinellia ternata was the highest, at 181.29 mg·g. -1 Under treatment 4 (N1P2K3Cu1Mo2B3), the soluble sugar content in Pinellia ternata was the highest, at 65.54 mg / g. -1 .
[0037] 1.3.3 Chemical Composition of Pinellia ternata under Elemental Application Treatment 1.3.3.1 Nucleoside components: Chromatographic conditions: An Agilent Zorbax SB-AQ column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) was used; the mobile phase was acetonitrile-water with gradient elution: 0–7 min, 0.5–0.7% acetonitrile; 7–11 min, 0.7%–1.0% acetonitrile; 11–18 min, 1.0%–1.0% acetonitrile; 18–33 min, 1.0%–5.5% acetonitrile; 33–50 min, 5.5%–5.5% acetonitrile; flow rate 1.0 mL / min; DAD detector, detection wavelength 260 nm; column temperature 30 °C; injection volume 10 μL.
[0038] Preparation of reference standards: Accurately weigh uridine, hypoxanthine, inosine, guanosine, thymidine, adenine, and adenosine reference standards respectively, and prepare them to a concentration of 100.00 μg·mL. -1 260.00 μg·mL -1 110.00 μg·mL -1 110.00 μg·mL -1 330.00 μg·mL -1 120.00 μg·mL -1 160.00 μg·mL -1 Prepare the reference solution by shaking well, filtering, and setting aside. Preparation of the test solution: Accurately weigh 2.0 g of Pinellia ternata sample (passed through a 40-mesh sieve), place it in a 100 mL stoppered conical flask, add 20 mL of pure water, sonicate (500 W power, 40 kHz frequency) for 45 min, cool, weigh, and add distilled water to make up the weight. Filter through a 0.22 µm microporous membrane to obtain the test solution.
[0039] Linearity assessment: Accurately pipette the prepared mixed standard solution and inject 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 μL of the mixed reference standard under the chromatographic conditions described in 1.3.3 to determine the peak area. Plot the concentration of each standard as the abscissa (x) and the peak area as the ordinate (y) to perform a linear regression equation, as shown in Table 6.
[0040] Table 6. Linear Regression Equations for Mixed Controls Precision test: The *Pinellia ternata* test solution was injected six times consecutively under the conditions described in "1.3.3". The RSD values of the mass fractions of uridine, hypoxanthine, inosine, guanosine, thymidine, adenine, and adenosine, calculated from the peak area values, were all less than 3%, indicating good instrument precision. Stability test: The *Pinellia ternata* test solution was injected at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours after injection under the above chromatographic conditions. The RSD values of the mass fractions calculated from the peak area values were all less than 3%, indicating that the test solution was stable within 24 hours. Repeatability test: Six portions of the *Pinellia ternata* test solution were injected sequentially under the conditions described in "1.3.3". The RSD values of the mass fractions obtained from the peak area values were all less than 3%, indicating good repeatability of the method. Recovery test: The corresponding reference stock solution with the same content of nucleoside components as that in Pinellia ternata was accurately added and the sample was injected under the chromatographic conditions in “1.3.3”. The average recovery rate of the 7 components was 99.00%~102.21%, and the RSD was less than 3%, indicating that the recovery rate was good.
[0041] From Table 7 and Figures 5-6 It can be seen that the uridine content in Pinellia ternata under elemental treatment ranged from 0.20 to 0.44 mg / g. -1 Among the treatments, the highest uridine content was observed in Pinellia ternata under treatment 11 (N2P3K1Cu2Mo3B1), reaching 0.44 mg / g. -1 Under treatment 17 (N3P3K1Cu1Mo2B2), the uridine content in Pinellia ternata was the lowest, at 0.20 mg / g. -1 The hypoxanthine content in Pinellia ternata ranges from 0.01 to 0.23 mg / g. -1 Among the different treatments, the highest hypoxanthine content was observed in Pinellia ternata under treatment number 18 (N3P3K3Cu3Mo3B3), at 0.23 mg / g. -1 Under treatment 12 (N2P3K2Cu1Mo1B3), the hypoxanthine content in Pinellia ternata was the lowest, at 0.01 mg / g. -1 The inosine content in Pinellia ternata ranges from 0.02 to 0.10 mg / g. -1 Among the treatments, the highest inosine content in Pinellia ternata was observed under treatment 5 (N1P3K2Cu3Mo2B1), at 0.10 mg / g. -1 Under treatment 6 (N1P3K3Cu2Mo1B2), the inosine content in Pinellia ternata was the lowest, at 0.22 mg / g. -1 The content of guanosine in Pinellia ternata ranges from 0.20 to 0.51 mg / g. -1 Among the treatments, the highest content of guanosine in Pinellia ternata was observed under treatment 9 (N2P2K2Cu2Mo2B2), at 0.51 mg / g. -1Under treatment 17 (N3P3K1Cu1Mo2B2), the content of guanosine in Pinellia ternata was the lowest, at 0.20 mg / g. -1 The thymidine content in Pinellia ternata ranges from 0 to 0.04 mg / g. -1 Among the treatments, the highest thymidine content was observed in Pinellia ternata under treatment 16 (N3P2K2Cu1Mo3B1), at 0.04 mg / g. -1 Under treatment with N2P3K2Cu1Mo1B3, no thymidine was detected. The adenine content in Pinellia ternata ranged from 0.11 to 0.29 mg / g. -1 Under treatment 16 (N3P2K2Cu1Mo3B1), the adenine content in Pinellia ternata was the highest, at 0.29 mg / g. -1 Under treatment 17 (N3P3K1Cu1Mo2B2), the adenine content in Pinellia ternata was the lowest, at 0.11 mg / g. -1 The adenosine content in Pinellia ternata ranges from 0 to 0.44 mg / g. -1 Adenosine content was not detected under treatments 4 / 6 / 12 / 13 / 17 / 18. The highest adenosine content was observed in Pinellia ternata under treatment 2 (N1P1K2Cu2Mo3B3), at 0.44 mg / g. -1 .
[0042] Table 7. Nucleoside content in Pinellia ternata under different elemental treatments Note: Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05).
[0043] 1.3.3.2 Organic acid content and alkaloid content: Chromatographic conditions: An Agilent Zorbax SB-AQ column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) was used. Acetonitrile was used as mobile phase A, and 0.1% phosphoric acid solution-methanol-acetonitrile (99:0.5:0.5) was used as mobile phase B. Isocratic elution was performed from 0 to 20 min, with 3% A solution. The detection wavelength was 210 nm, the column temperature was 25°C, the flow rate was 0.5 mL / min, and the injection volume was 20 μL. Preparation of the reference solution: Succinic acid was accurately weighed and prepared to a concentration of 220 μg / mL. -1 Accurately weigh citric acid to prepare a reference solution with a concentration of 160 μg / mL. -1 The reference solution.
[0044] Weigh 0.2 g of the dried sample into a test tube, add 0.5 mL of 25% ammonia and 5 mL of chloroform, mix well, and extract in a 37℃ water bath for 1 h. After extraction, centrifuge at 3400 g for 5 min, take 200 μL of the supernatant into a new test tube, and add 5 mL of citrate-sodium citrate buffer, 0.5 mL of 0.1% bromothymol blue solution, and 5 mL of chloroform in sequence. Shake for 1 min, let stand at room temperature for 1 h, and measure the OD value at 416 nm using a spectrophotometer.
[0045] Table 8 shows that the citric acid content in Pinellia ternata ranges from 0.53 to 1.47 mg / g. -1 The highest citric acid content was observed in Pinellia ternata under treatment 2 (N1P1K2Cu2Mo3B3), followed by treatment 3 (N1P2K1Cu3Mo3B2). The citric acid content in Pinellia ternata reached 1.45 mg / g under both treatments. -1 The difference between the two is not significant. P <0.05), compared to other treatments, the differences between the two were statistically significant ( P <0.05), treatments 2 and 3 were both high-molybdenum treatments, and the high concentration of molybdenum may have promoted the increase of citric acid content in Pinellia ternata. The succinic acid content in Pinellia ternata ranged from 0.09 to 0.47 mg / g. -1 Among the different treatments, the highest succinic acid content in Pinellia ternata was observed under treatment No. 8 (N2P1K3Cu1Mo3B2), at 0.47 mg / g. -1 The succinic acid content in Pinellia ternata was lowest under treatments 9 (N2P2K2Cu2Mo2B2) and 12 (N2P3K2Cu1Mo1B3), both at 0.09 mg·g. -1 Therefore, it is possible that high molybdenum and high potassium levels may promote the increase of succinic acid in Pinellia ternata. In conclusion, the application of molybdenum may have a promoting effect on the content of organic acids in Pinellia ternata. The alkaloid content in Pinellia ternata ranges from 0.46 to 1.50 mg / g. -1 Among the various treatments, the highest alkaloid content in Pinellia ternata was observed under treatment number 15 (N3P2K1Cu2Mo1B3), at 1.50 mg / g. -1 The difference was statistically significant compared to other treatments. P <0.05). The lowest alkaloid content was found in Pinellia ternata under treatment 5 (N1P3K2Cu3Mo2B1), at 0.46 mg / g. -1 The comparison shows that high nitrogen and high boron treatments may promote the increase of alkaloid content in Pinellia ternata.
[0046] Table 8. Content of organic acids and alkaloids in Pinellia ternata Note: Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences. P <0.05).
[0047] A reasonable combination of elements can significantly increase the chemical composition content of Pinellia ternata. This invention found that the treatment with element 2 (N1P1K2Cu2Mo3B3) resulted in the highest citric acid content in Pinellia ternata, at 1.47 mg / g. -1 The highest succinic acid content in Pinellia ternata was found in treatment No. 8 (N2P1K3Cu1Mo3B2), at 4.74 mg / g. -1 This invention established an HPLC method to determine the content of seven nucleoside components in Pinellia ternata. It was found that under elemental treatment, the contents of uridine, hypoxanthine, guanosine, adenine, and adenosine in Pinellia ternata were higher than those of inosine and thymidine. The uridine content ranged from 0.20 to 0.44 mg / g. -1 The hypoxanthine content ranged from 0.01 to 0.23 mg / g. -1 The inosine content ranged from 0.02 to 0.10 mg / g. -1 The concentrations of guanosine and thymidine ranged from 0.20 to 0.51 mg / g, and the concentrations of thymidine ranged from 0 to 0.04 mg / g. -1 The adenine content ranges from 0.11 to 0.29 mg / g. -1 The adenosine content ranges from 0 to 0.44 mg / g. -1 .
[0048] 1.4 Data Analysis Microsoft Office Excel 2019 was used for data processing; SPSS 26.0 was used for statistical analysis and variance analysis, SPSSAU was used for data standardization, and then entropy-weighted TOPSIS analysis was performed; Graphpad was used for graphing.
[0049] Different element combinations were used as groups, and the yield, characteristics, nutrients (total protein, starch, soluble sugar), and chemical composition (nucleosides, organic acids, alkaloids) of Pinellia ternata were used as evaluation indicators. All 16 indicators were evaluated based on their magnitude. Weights were calculated and analyzed using normalization (see Table 9). The top five weighted indicators were adenosine > succinic acid > inosine > thymidine > alkaloids.
[0050] Table 9 Summary of weight calculation results using the entropy method The evaluation results in Table 10 show that treatments 4 (N1P2K3Cu1Mo2B3), 6 (N1P3K3Cu2Mo1B2), and 14 (N3P1K3Cu2Mo2B1) ranked highly overall. A common feature of these three treatments is their high potassium content, specifically 31.05 g of potassium sulfate per square meter. Therefore, it is inferred that potassium is a key element affecting the yield and quality of Pinellia ternata, and it is recommended that the potassium application rate for Pinellia ternata germplasm in Gansu Province be 310.5 kg·hm². -2 The optimal element combination is No. 4 (N1P2K3Cu1Mo2B3), which is to apply 18.70g of urea, 319.20g of superphosphate, 31.05g of potassium sulfate, 2000 times dilution of EDTA chelated copper (copper content >15%), 500 times dilution of disodium tetraborate tetrahydrate (boron content >20.5%), and 500 times dilution of sodium molybdate (molybdenum content >39%) per square meter.
[0051] Table 10 TOPSIS Evaluation Calculation Results Since a single indicator cannot adequately measure the optimal nitrogen application treatment, an entropy-weighted TOPSIS model is introduced to comprehensively evaluate each treatment group. This invention employs an orthogonal experimental design to study the effects of macronutrients nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium combined with micronutrients copper, boron, and molybdenum on Pinellia ternata. Entropy-weighted TOPSIS analysis was performed on a total of 16 indicators (yield, traits, nutrients (total protein, starch, soluble sugar), and chemical components (nucleosides, organic acids, alkaloids)). The results showed that potassium is the key element affecting the yield and quality of Pinellia ternata, and a potassium application rate of 310.5 kg·hm² is recommended for germplasm Pinellia ternata in Gansu Province. -2 The optimal combination of elements is to apply 18.70g of urea, 319.20g of superphosphate, 31.05g of potassium sulfate, 2000 times dilution of EDTA chelated copper (copper content >15%), 500 times dilution of disodium tetraborate tetrahydrate (boron content >20.5%), and 500 times dilution of sodium molybdate (molybdenum content >39%) per square meter.
Claims
1. A nutrient element combination for improving the yield and quality of Pinellia ternata, characterized in that... The nutrient element combination comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1-3 parts urea, 1-3 parts superphosphate, 1-3 parts potassium sulfate, 1-3 parts EDTA chelated copper at 1000-2000 times dilution, 1-3 parts disodium tetraborate tetrahydrate at 250-750 times dilution, and 1-3 parts sodium molybdate at 500-1500 times dilution.
2. The nutrient element combination for improving the yield and quality of Pinellia ternata as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The nutrient element combination comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1 part urea, 2 parts superphosphate, 3 parts potassium sulfate, 1 part EDTA chelated copper 2000 times dilution, 2 parts disodium tetraborate tetrahydrate 500 times dilution, and 3 parts sodium molybdate 500 times dilution.
3. The nutrient element combination for improving the yield and quality of Pinellia ternata as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The urea contains 46% nitrogen, the superphosphate contains 12% P2O5, the potassium sulfate contains 51% K2O, the EDTA chelated copper contains >15% copper, the disodium octaborate tetrahydrate contains >20.5% boron, and the sodium molybdate contains >39% molybdenum.
4. The application method of the nutrient element combination for improving the yield and quality of Pinellia ternata as described in any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: S1. Fertilization during sowing period: Apply base fertilizer when sowing in April. Base fertilizer includes nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer. Urea is used as nitrogen fertilizer, and the amount of urea applied is 64.70%-65.07% of the total amount of urea applied during the planting period. Superphosphate is used as phosphorus fertilizer, and the amount of superphosphate applied is 92.48%-92.49% of the total amount of superphosphate applied during the planting period. S2. Topdressing during the vigorous growth period: Topdressing in June and July includes nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, copper, boron, and molybdenum fertilizers; Topdressing in August includes potassium fertilizer, copper fertilizer, boron fertilizer, and molybdenum fertilizer; The nitrogen fertilizer used is urea, with the application rate being 34.93%-35.30% of the total urea applied during the planting period. The phosphate fertilizer used is superphosphate, with the application rate being 7.51%-7.52% of the total superphosphate applied during the planting period. The potassium fertilizer used is potassium sulfate. The copper fertilizer used is EDTA chelated copper at a dilution of 1000-2000 times. The boron fertilizer used is disodium octaborate tetrahydrate at a dilution of 250-750 times. The molybdenum fertilizer used is sodium molybdate at a dilution of 500-1500 times.
5. The application method of the nutrient element combination for improving the yield and quality of Pinellia ternata as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The topdressing in June mentioned in S2 refers to the first topdressing, in which the application rate of urea is 26.02%-26.21% of the total amount of urea applied during the planting period, the application rate of superphosphate is 5.31%-5.32% of the total amount of superphosphate applied during the planting period, and the application rate of potassium sulfate is 3.38%-3.39% of the total amount of potassium sulfate applied during the planting period.
6. The application method of the nutrient element combination for improving the yield and quality of Pinellia ternata as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The topdressing in July mentioned in S2 refers to the second topdressing, in which the application rate of urea is 8.88%-9.09% of the total amount of urea applied during the planting period, the application rate of superphosphate is 2.15%-2.22% of the total amount of superphosphate applied during the planting period, and the application rate of potassium sulfate is 2.89%-2.90% of the total amount of potassium sulfate applied during the planting period.
7. The application method of the nutrient element combination for improving the yield and quality of Pinellia ternata as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The topdressing in August mentioned in S2 is the third topdressing, in which the amount of potassium sulfate applied is 3.71%-3.72% of the total amount of potassium sulfate applied during the planting period.
8. The application method of the nutrient element combination for improving the yield and quality of Pinellia ternata as described in claim 4, characterized in that: In the three topdressing applications in June, July and August described in S2, the application rates of EDTA chelated copper, disodium octaborate tetrahydrate and sodium molybdate in each month were all 1 / 3 of their total application rates during the planting period.