An adjustable soil covering device for ginger cultivation

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery technology and discloses an adjustable soil covering device for ginger planting, comprising: a mobile vehicle with front wheels adapted to the curved surface of the ridge on the front side of its bottom and rear wheels with a groove-following structure on the rear side; and a central mixing bin, integrally formed in the middle of the mobile vehicle chassis, with a rotatable spreading disc coaxially arranged inside. This invention innovatively integrates the soil and fertilizer mixing process into the central mixing bin. Fertilizer is drawn from the storage tank through a Venturi negative pressure generator via pneumatic conveying and delivered into the mixing bin by a high-pressure blower, achieving unblocked automatic fertilizer supply. Fertilizer and soil mix in the bin, and the material is guided to fall spirally by a tapered spiral guide column, extending the mixing path. At the same time, an ultrasonic vibrating plate continuously vibrates to break up clumps, ensuring a highly uniform mixture of the two materials and providing a stable mixed substrate for subsequent precise soil covering.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery technology, specifically to an adjustable soil covering device for ginger cultivation. Background Technology

[0002] In traditional ginger cultivation, the soil covering process is generally accomplished using a simple mechanical soil covering machine. These machines are typically towed by a tractor or suspended from its rear, and mainly consist of a furrow opener, a shovel, guide plates, and a soil-throwing disc. During operation, the machine moves along the planted furrows, with the shovel cutting into both sides of the ridge, scooping up the soil and guiding it through the guide plates to the rotating soil-throwing disc. Centrifugal force is then used to throw the soil to both sides, covering the planting furrows and achieving the purpose of soil covering. The entire process only involves soil excavation and backfilling; its function is singular, primarily used to seal the furrows, secure the ginger seed, and prevent moisture evaporation.

[0003] Because traditional soil covering equipment was originally designed solely for soil covering and lacks any fertilization function, fertilization must be performed separately before or after soil covering in actual production processes. The common practice is to first use a dedicated fertilizer applicator to apply fertilizer to the bottom of the furrow or near the ginger seedlings, and then switch to a soil covering machine for backfilling. This step-by-step operation mode results in cumbersome field operations, requiring multiple visits to the field. This not only increases the risk of soil structure damage from mechanical compaction but also significantly increases labor and time costs. Furthermore, the time interval between the two operations can easily lead to fertilizer exposure and loss or displacement if not properly coordinated, affecting fertilizer utilization efficiency.

[0004] Traditional equipment exhibits two prominent technical shortcomings. Firstly, its function is highly limited, only capable of soil transport and unable to integrate with other agronomic processes, making it ill-suited to the demands of modern agriculture for multifunctional, integrated operations. Secondly, the operational process is fragmented; fertilization and soil covering must be performed separately, resulting in overall low efficiency and poor coordination between the two processes, making it difficult to ensure the relative positioning accuracy of fertilizer and seed ginger, and the timeliness of soil covering. Especially during the peak planting and harvesting season, with frequent weather changes, the fragmented operation is prone to delays due to rainfall, potentially missing the optimal planting window and severely impacting planting progress and yield stability. These problems significantly limit the application of traditional soil covering equipment in large-scale, intensive agricultural production. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an adjustable soil covering device for ginger cultivation, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an adjustable soil covering device for ginger planting, comprising:

[0007] The mobile vehicle has a front wheel on the front side of its bottom that is adapted to the curved surface of the ridge, and a rear wheel with a grooved contour structure on the rear side.

[0008] The central mixing silo is integrally formed in the middle of the mobile vehicle chassis. A rotatable spreading disc is coaxially installed inside the silo, and a drive motor connected to the spreading disc is installed at the bottom of the central mixing silo via a drive power input shaft.

[0009] The lifting soil-moving component is rigidly connected to the front end of the mobile vehicle chassis via a hydraulic lifting cylinder and is located between the front and rear wheels.

[0010] The fertilizer storage tank is fixed above the mixing silo by a bracket, and its side wall outlet flange is connected to a Venturi negative pressure generator;

[0011] The lifting soil-moving device transports the soil from the ridge to the inlet of the mixing silo. After the fertilizer is sucked in by the Venturi negative pressure generator, it is transported to the mixing silo through the pneumatic conveying pipe. After being mixed with the soil, it is centrifugally spread by the spreading disc to cover the furrows on both sides.

[0012] According to the above technical solution, the pneumatic conveying pipe includes:

[0013] Venturi negative pressure generator, flange connection to the bottom outlet of fertilizer storage tank;

[0014] The high-pressure blower has its outlet sealed and connected to the compressed air inlet of the Venturi negative pressure generator;

[0015] The diffusion and equalization hood is bolted to the inner surface of the mixing silo top cover and connected to the outlet of the Venturi negative pressure generator.

[0016] According to the above technical solution, the lifting soil-moving component includes:

[0017] A steel soil conveying channel box is fixed to the telescopic end of a hydraulic lifting cylinder;

[0018] A horizontally positioned hollow rotating main shaft is movably mounted at both ends to the sides of a steel soil conveying channel box via bearing seats;

[0019] A hydraulic motor fixed to the side wall of a steel soil conveying channel box, with a flange connecting one end of a hollow rotating main shaft;

[0020] The circumferentially distributed soil-removing blades are welded to the outer circumferential surface of the hollow rotating main shaft;

[0021] The flexible soil conveying channel pipe is connected at one end to the inlet on the side wall of the central mixing silo and at the other end to the outlet on the side wall of the steel soil conveying channel box.

[0022] According to the above technical solution, the lifting soil-moving component further includes:

[0023] A side-mounted centrifugal fan is fixed to the side wall of the steel soil conveying channel box by bracket bolts;

[0024] The anti-blocking air duct connects the air inlet of the side-mounted centrifugal fan to the top of the flexible soil conveying channel pipe, and is equipped with a removable ring filter screen inside.

[0025] The belt drive assembly includes:

[0026] The drive wheel is keyed to the other end of the hollow rotating spindle;

[0027] Driven wheel, keyed to the rotating shaft of the side-mounted centrifugal fan;

[0028] The drive belt meshes with the driving pulley and the driven pulley.

[0029] According to the above technical solution, the annular filter assembly consists of three independent annular filter layers arranged sequentially along the airflow direction:

[0030] The pre-filter is a stainless steel perforated plate, which is fixed to the inlet end of the anti-clogging air duct by flange bolts.

[0031] A centrally located vortex screen, consisting of stainless steel spiral blades, is positioned in the middle of the anti-clogging air duct.

[0032] The rear fine filter screen is set as a sintered metal felt filter cartridge, which can be detachably installed at the front of the air inlet of the side-mounted centrifugal fan.

[0033] According to the above technical solution, the spreading disc includes:

[0034] A circular base plate that is keyed to the power input shaft;

[0035] The deformable flaps are evenly distributed in the circumference and are movably connected to the circular base disk through shape memory alloy hinges.

[0036] A temperature sensor is installed on the inner wall of the mixing hopper via a wireless transmission module, and the monitoring area covers the spreading disc.

[0037] According to the above technical solution, the mixing hopper is equipped with:

[0038] A longitudinally penetrating, tapering spiral guide column, with its top flange connected to the diffuser outlet, and its bottom extending to above the center of the spreading disc;

[0039] Ultrasonic vibrating plates are symmetrically installed on the side walls of the mixing silo.

[0040] According to the above technical solution, the front wheel includes:

[0041] Air suspension connecting to the mobile vehicle chassis;

[0042] Arched rubber wheels installed at the bottom of the airbag suspension;

[0043] The rear wheel includes:

[0044] Wedge-shaped grip teeth embedded in the wheel hub;

[0045] A grass-proof cover fixed to the outer periphery of the wheel.

[0046] According to the above technical solution, the end of the pneumatic conveying pipe is provided with:

[0047] An antistatic ring fitted at the inlet of the diffusion uniform hood;

[0048] A tapered flow guide net located below the static elimination ring.

[0049] According to the above technical solution, the power input shaft is coaxially keyed to the flywheel energy storage device;

[0050] The flywheel energy storage device is fixedly connected to a drive belt pulley on its outer periphery.

[0051] The driven pulley is keyed to the bottom of the auxiliary power shaft, and the driving pulley and the driven pulley mesh through a synchronous toothed belt;

[0052] The top of the auxiliary power shaft is connected to the input shaft of the planetary gear speed increaser;

[0053] The output shaft of the planetary gear speed increaser is fixedly connected to the first bevel gear;

[0054] The input shaft of the high-pressure blower is keyed to the second bevel gear;

[0055] The first bevel gear and the second bevel gear mesh orthogonally.

[0056] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are:

[0057] (1) This invention innovatively integrates the mixing process of soil and fertilizer into a central mixing silo. The fertilizer is drawn from the storage tank through a Venturi negative pressure generator by pneumatic conveying and sent into the mixing silo by a high-pressure blower, achieving unblocked automatic fertilizer supply. The fertilizer and soil meet in the silo and are guided by a tapered spiral guide column to fall spirally, extending the mixing path. At the same time, the ultrasonic vibrating plate continuously vibrates to break up the clumps, ensuring a high degree of uniform mixing of the two materials and providing a stable mixed matrix for subsequent precise soil covering.

[0058] (2) The present invention adopts a rigid connection between a lifting soil-pulling component and a hydraulic lifting cylinder, which can be precisely adjusted according to different tillage depth requirements to ensure the consistency and controllability of soil collection. The soil-pulling component is equipped with a hollow rotating main shaft and circumferentially distributed soil-pulling blades. Driven by a hydraulic motor, it efficiently cuts and transports the soil on the ridge. Combined with a flexible soil conveying channel pipe, the material is smoothly transferred to the central mixing bin. The entire soil collection and transportation process is continuous and smooth, effectively avoiding the problems of low efficiency and poor uniformity of traditional manual or semi-mechanical methods.

[0059] (3) The spreading disc of the present invention adopts a smart structure in which a circular base plate and a deformable sling are connected by a shape memory alloy hinge. With the help of a temperature sensor to monitor the internal temperature of the mixing bin in real time, when the temperature changes to the phase transition point of the shape memory alloy, the deformable sling automatically adjusts the tilt angle, thereby changing the centrifugal spreading range and realizing the function of adaptively adjusting the soil covering width according to the temperature of the working environment. This breaks through the limitations of the traditional fixed spreading mechanism, improves the uniformity of soil covering and the level of intelligence, and adapts to the planting needs under different climatic conditions.

[0060] (4) The present invention integrates a side-mounted centrifugal fan and an anti-clogging air duct system on the lifting soil-moving component. The power is obtained from the hollow rotating main shaft by the belt drive group to drive the fan to generate negative pressure airflow, which actively sucks the top area of ​​the flexible soil conveying channel pipe to prevent dust accumulation and blockage. The anti-clogging air duct is equipped with a three-stage annular filter group consisting of a pre-coarse filter, a middle cyclone filter and a post-fine filter to filter impurities in the airflow step by step, protect the fan and maintain the system permeability, and effectively solve the technical problem of easy blockage of agricultural machinery in high dust environment.

[0061] (5) The present invention drives the flywheel energy storage device to store rotational kinetic energy through the power input shaft, and releases energy to balance the power output when the load fluctuates, thereby improving the overall stability of the machine operation. At the same time, the active belt pulley on the outer periphery of the flywheel energy storage device drives the auxiliary power shaft through the synchronous toothed belt. After the speed is increased by the planetary gear speed increaser, the high pressure fan is driven by the orthogonally meshing bevel gear set, thus realizing the mechanical self-drive of the high pressure fan without the need for additional electricity or independent motor. It fully recovers and utilizes the surplus kinetic energy of the main shaft, significantly improving the energy utilization efficiency and system integration.

[0062] (6) The overall structure of this invention is highly integrated, organically combining functions such as soil collection, fertilizer delivery, mixing and stirring, intelligent spreading and auxiliary unblocking into the same mobile platform. The operation process is continuous and efficient, which greatly improves the mechanization and intelligence level of the soil covering process in ginger planting. The coordinated operation of each component not only reduces labor intensity, but also ensures the soil covering thickness, nutrient distribution and coverage uniformity, meeting the needs of modern agriculture for refined and standardized planting operations, and has good promotion and application value. Attached Figure Description

[0063] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used in conjunction with embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0064] Figure 1 This is a first perspective view of the present invention;

[0065] Figure 2 This is a second perspective view of the present invention;

[0066] Figure 3 This is a third perspective view of the present invention;

[0067] Figure 4 This is a fourth perspective schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0068] Figure 5 This is the fifth perspective schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0069] Figure 6 This is a first partial three-dimensional schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0070] Figure 7 This is a second partial perspective view of the present invention;

[0071] Figure 8 This is a third partial perspective view of the present invention;

[0072] Figure 9 This is a fourth partial perspective view of the present invention;

[0073] Figure 10 This is the present invention. Figure 6 A magnified view of a portion of point A in the middle;

[0074] Figure 11 This is the present invention. Figure 8 A magnified view of a portion of point B in the middle;

[0075] Figure 12 This is the present invention. Figure 9 A magnified view of a portion of point C in the middle;

[0076] In the diagram: 1-Mobile vehicle, 11-Front wheel, 111-Air suspension, 112-Arched rubber wheel, 12-Rear wheel, 121-Wedge-shaped grip teeth, 122-Anti-grass cover, 21-Central mixing bin, 22-Spreading disc, 221-Circular base plate, 222-Deformable flap, 223-Shape memory alloy hinge, 224-Temperature sensor, 23-Power input shaft, 24-Gradually contracting spiral guide column, 25-Ultrasonic vibrating plate, 3-Lifting soil-removing component, 30-Steel soil conveying channel box, 31-Hydraulic lifting cylinder, 32-Hollow rotating main shaft, 33-Hydraulic motor, 34-Soil-removing blade, 35-Flexible soil conveying channel pipe, 36-Side-mounted centrifugal fan, 37 - Anti-clogging air duct, 38- Ring filter group, 381- Pre-filter, 382- Central cyclone filter, 383- Post-filter, 39- Belt drive group, 391- Drive wheel, 392- Driven wheel, 393- Drive belt, 4- Fertilizer storage tank, 51- Pneumatic conveying pipe, 52- Venturi negative pressure generator, 53- High pressure blower, 54- Diffusion distribution hood, 55- Static eliminator ring, 56- Conical guide net, 61- Flywheel energy accumulator, 611- Drive pulley, 62- Synchronous toothed belt, 63- Auxiliary power shaft, 631- Driven pulley, 632- Planetary gear speed increaser, 633- Output shaft, 634- First bevel gear, 635- Second bevel gear. Detailed Implementation

[0077] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0078] Please see Figure 1-12 The present invention provides a technical solution: an adjustable soil covering device for ginger planting, comprising:

[0079] The mobile vehicle 1 has a front wheel 11 on the front side of its bottom that is adapted to the curved surface of the ridge, and a rear wheel 12 with a grooved contour structure on the rear side.

[0080] The central mixing bin 21 is integrally formed in the middle of the chassis of the mobile vehicle 1. A rotatable spreading disc 22 is coaxially arranged inside it. A drive motor connected to the spreading disc 22 via a drive power input shaft 23 is provided at the bottom of the central mixing bin 21.

[0081] The lifting soil-moving component 3 is rigidly connected to the front end of the chassis of the mobile vehicle 1 via a hydraulic lifting cylinder 31, and is located between the front wheel 11 and the rear wheel 12.

[0082] Fertilizer storage tank 4 is fixed above mixing silo 21 by a bracket, and its side wall outlet flange is connected to Venturi negative pressure generator 52;

[0083] The lifting soil-moving device 3 transports the soil from the ridge to the inlet of the mixing bin 21. After the fertilizer is sucked in by the Venturi negative pressure generator 52, it is transported to the mixing bin 21 through the pneumatic conveying pipe 51. After being mixed with the soil, it is centrifugally spread by the spreading disc 22 to cover the furrows on both sides.

[0084] Specifically, the pneumatic conveying pipe 51 includes:

[0085] Venturi negative pressure generator 52, flange connection to the bottom outlet of fertilizer storage tank 4;

[0086] The high-pressure blower 53 has its outlet sealed and connected to the compressed air inlet of the Venturi negative pressure generator 52;

[0087] The diffusion uniform hood 54 is bolted to the inner surface of the top cover of the mixing silo 21 and connected to the outlet of the Venturi negative pressure generator 52.

[0088] The pneumatic conveying pipe 51 comprises three main components: a Venturi negative pressure generator 52, a high-pressure blower 53, and a diffusion and equalization hood 54. Their overall structure works in concert to complete the functions of fertilizer intake and delivery. The Venturi negative pressure generator 52, connected via a flange to the bottom outlet of the fertilizer storage tank 4, serves as one of the power cores of the pneumatic conveying system. Its function is to utilize high-speed airflow to create a negative pressure environment inside, thereby automatically drawing fertilizer from the fertilizer storage tank 4 to achieve contactless feeding, avoiding the blockage or inaccurate metering problems that may occur with traditional mechanical feeding. The outlet of the high-pressure blower 53 is sealed to the compressed air inlet of the Venturi negative pressure generator 52, ensuring that compressed air can be efficiently and stably input into the Venturi negative pressure generator 52, providing a continuous high-pressure air source for generating negative pressure. When the high-pressure airflow passes rapidly through the narrow channel inside the Venturi negative pressure generator 52, its kinetic energy increases. The pressure reduction creates a significant vacuum effect in its negative pressure chamber, causing fertilizer particles to be sucked in and carried by the airflow into the conveying pipe. The diffusion and equalization hood 54 is fixed to the inner surface of the top cover of the central mixing silo 21 by bolts and connected to the outlet of the Venturi negative pressure generator 52. Its main function is to diffuse and evenly distribute the fertilizer and airflow mixture sprayed at high speed from the end of the pneumatic conveying pipe 51, so that the fertilizer particles can be evenly dispersed in the upper space of the central mixing silo 21, avoiding the fertilizer from accumulating in a certain area, thereby improving the uniformity of subsequent mixing with the soil. At the same time, the diffusion and equalization hood 54 also acts as a buffer for the airflow, reducing the impact of high-speed airflow on the internal structure of the mixing silo, extending the service life of the equipment, realizing the efficient and stable intake, uniform dispersion and conveying of fertilizer, as well as the initial integration with the soil in the mixing silo, providing a high-quality mixture foundation for subsequent soil covering operations.

[0089] Specifically, the lifting soil-moving component 3 includes:

[0090] The steel soil conveying channel box 30 is fixed to the telescopic end of the hydraulic lifting cylinder 31;

[0091] A horizontally positioned hollow rotating main shaft 32 is movably mounted on both sides of a steel soil conveying channel box 30 via bearing seats 321 at both ends;

[0092] A hydraulic motor 33 is fixed to the side wall of a steel soil conveying channel box 30, and a flange is connected to one end of a hollow rotating main shaft 32;

[0093] The circumferentially distributed soil-removing blades 34 are welded to the outer circumferential surface of the hollow rotating main shaft 32;

[0094] The flexible soil conveying channel pipe 35 is connected at one end to the inlet on the side wall of the central mixing silo 21 and at the other end to the outlet on the side wall of the steel soil conveying channel box 30.

[0095] The lifting soil-moving component 3 includes a steel soil conveying channel box 30, a hollow rotating main shaft 32, a hydraulic motor 33, soil-moving blades 34, and a flexible soil conveying channel pipe 35, which together constitute the core actuator for soil collection and transportation. The steel soil conveying channel box 30 is fixed to the telescopic end of the hydraulic lifting cylinder 31. The height of the entire soil-moving component is adjusted by the telescopic movement of the hydraulic lifting cylinder 31, allowing for precise control of the soil penetration depth according to actual farming needs. This adapts to ridges of different heights and shapes, ensuring the stability and consistency of the operation. The steel soil conveying channel box 30 is suspended by a sliding rod guide assembly, which also serves as a protection and limiter. The sliding rod guide assembly consists of a sliding rod and a guide seat, both common technologies in the prior art, and will not be elaborated further here. The hollow rotating main shaft 32 is horizontally positioned, with both ends movably mounted on both sides of the steel soil conveying channel box 30 via bearing seats 321. This ensures that the hollow rotating main shaft 32 maintains stable operation during rotation, reduces vibration and off-center load, and extends its service life. The hydraulic motor 33... Fixed to the side wall of the steel soil conveying channel box 30 and directly connected to one end of the hollow rotating main shaft 32 via a flange, providing power drive for the hollow rotating main shaft 32. Its rotation achieves efficient and stable power transmission. The soil-pulling blades 34 are evenly distributed around the circumference and welded to the outer circumferential surface of the hollow rotating main shaft 32. When the main shaft rotates, the soil-pulling blades 34 cut into the soil of the ridge, crush the soil and push it upward. The centrifugal force and thrust generated by the rotation send the soil into the interior of the steel soil conveying channel box 30 to form continuous soil conveying. One end of the flexible soil conveying channel pipe 35 is connected to the inlet of the side wall of the central mixing bin 21, and the other end is connected to the outlet of the side wall of the steel soil conveying channel box 30. As a transition channel for soil conveying, its flexible structure can adapt to the slight vibration and position change generated when the mobile vehicle moves in the field, avoid stress concentration or connection failure that may be caused by rigid connection, and ensure that the soil is smoothly conveyed from the steel soil conveying channel box 30 to the central mixing bin 21, realizing controlled depth collection, efficient crushing, continuous conveying and stable feeding of soil.

[0096] Specifically, the lifting soil-moving component 3 also includes:

[0097] A side-mounted centrifugal fan 36 is fixed to the side wall of a steel soil conveying channel box 30 by bracket bolts;

[0098] The anti-blocking air duct 37 connects the air inlet of the side-mounted centrifugal fan 36 to the top of the flexible soil conveying channel pipe 35, and is equipped with a removable annular filter screen group 38 inside.

[0099] Belt drive assembly 39 includes:

[0100] The drive wheel 391 is keyed to one end of the hollow rotating spindle 32;

[0101] Driven wheel 392 is keyed to the rotating shaft of side-mounted centrifugal fan 36;

[0102] The drive belt 393 meshes with the drive pulley 391 and the driven pulley 392.

[0103] The lifting soil-moving component 3 also includes a side-mounted centrifugal fan 37, an anti-clogging duct 37, an annular filter assembly 38, and a belt drive assembly 39. The side-mounted centrifugal fan 36 is bolted to the side wall of the steel soil conveying channel box 30 via a bracket. Its installation position is reasonably arranged for easy maintenance and power connection. The function of this fan is to generate negative pressure airflow to provide suction power for the anti-clogging duct 37, preventing soil particles and dust from accumulating at the top of the flexible soil conveying channel pipe 35 and causing blockage. One end of the anti-clogging duct 37 is connected to the air inlet of the side-mounted centrifugal fan 36, and the other end is connected to the flexible... At the top of the soil conveying channel pipe 35, an airflow channel is formed to draw in dust from above the soil conveying channel. During soil transportation, some fine particles and dust will rise to the top of the flexible soil conveying channel pipe 35 due to airflow disturbance. This air duct continuously draws out these suspended solids in a timely manner, preventing them from accumulating and affecting material flow. At the same time, it reduces the dust concentration in the working environment, improves operating conditions, and prevents clogging. The anti-clogging air duct 37 is equipped with a detachable and installable annular filter group 38, which is used to perform multi-stage filtration of solid particles in the suction airflow, protecting the side-mounted centrifugal fan 36 from clogging. To prevent dust erosion, extend its service life, and ensure the long-term stable operation of the airflow system, the belt drive assembly 39 consists of a drive pulley 391, a driven pulley 392, and a drive belt 393. The drive pulley 391 is fixed to one end of the hollow rotating main shaft 32 via a key, which is connected to one end of the hydraulic motor 33. When the hydraulic motor 33 drives the hollow rotating main shaft 32 to rotate, the drive pulley 391 rotates synchronously. The driven pulley 392 is connected to the rotating shaft of the side-mounted centrifugal fan 36 via a key. The drive belt 393 meshes with and connects the drive pulley 391 and the driven pulley 392. Wheel 392 transmits the rotational power of the hollow rotating main shaft 32 to the side-mounted centrifugal fan 36, enabling it to form a self-driven mechanical linkage structure without the need for an additional independent motor. This achieves efficient power utilization, reduces the need for external energy configuration, improves the system's integration and reliability, and enables the active suction, clearing, and filtration of dust at the top of the soil conveying channel. At the same time, the rotational power of the main shaft drives the fan to achieve energy saving, consumption reduction, and improved system stability, effectively ensuring the continuous and efficient operation of the lifting soil-moving component 3 in complex field environments.

[0104] Specifically, the annular filter assembly 38 consists of three independent annular filters arranged sequentially along the airflow direction:

[0105] The pre-filter 381 is a stainless steel perforated plate, which is fixed to the inlet end of the anti-clogging air duct 37 by flange bolts.

[0106] The centrally located swirl screen 382 is configured with a 304 stainless steel spiral blade assembly and is located in the middle of the anti-blockage air duct 37.

[0107] The post-filter 383 is a sintered metal felt filter cartridge that can be detachably installed in front of the air inlet of the side-mounted centrifugal fan 36.

[0108] The annular filter assembly 38 consists of three independent annular filters arranged sequentially along the airflow direction: a pre-filter 381, a middle cyclone filter 382, ​​and a post-filter 383. This three-stage filtration structure is specifically designed to adapt to the complex airflow environment of high dust and many impurities in agricultural operations, achieving graded interception and efficient purification of solid particles in the drawn gas. The pre-filter 381 is made of perforated stainless steel, possessing high mechanical strength and wear resistance. It is fixed to the inlet end of the anti-clogging air duct 37 with flange bolts, serving as the first-stage filtration unit, primarily intercepting... Larger debris, such as soil fragments, plant debris, and pebbles, enters the anti-clogging duct 37 with the airflow, preventing these large particles from penetrating deeper into the duct and causing blockage or damage to subsequent filter components. Its detachable connection facilitates regular cleaning or replacement, ensuring convenient system maintenance. The centrally located swirl filter 382 is composed of 304 stainless steel spiral blades installed in the central area of ​​the anti-clogging duct 37. Its structural feature is that the blades are arranged in a spiral shape. When airflow passes through, it is forced to rotate along the spiral path, forming a centrifugal airflow field. During this process, medium-sized particles... Under centrifugal force, particles are thrown against the inner wall of the duct and slide down the wall for discharge, achieving gas-solid separation. This structure not only has physical filtration function but also enhances the removal efficiency of particles in the 1 to 5 mm range through fluid dynamics principles, effectively reducing the burden on subsequent filters and improving overall filtration efficiency. The bottom of the central cyclone screen 382 can be equipped with a slag discharge port for active slag removal. The post-filter screen 383 is made of sintered metal felt filter cartridge, which has high porosity and excellent particle retention capacity. It can be detachably installed in front of the air inlet of the side-mounted centrifugal fan 36 as the last line of defense. It is mainly used to block fine dust larger than 50 microns, ensuring that the airflow entering the side-mounted centrifugal fan 36 is highly clean, and preventing dust from entering the fan impeller, which would cause dynamic balance damage, increased wear or reduced efficiency, thereby protecting the core power components and extending the service life of the equipment. It has constructed a complete filtration system from large to small and from coarse to fine, which not only significantly improves the self-cleaning ability and operational stability of the anti-clogging air duct 37, but also ensures the long-term reliable operation of the side-mounted centrifugal fan 36. It is a key technical structure for the lifting soil-removing component 3 to maintain high efficiency and smooth flow under high load continuous operation conditions.

[0109] Specifically, the feeding disc 22 includes:

[0110] A circular base plate 221 is keyed to the power input shaft 23;

[0111] Circumferentially distributed deformable flaps 222 are movably connected to a circular base disk 221 via shape memory alloy hinges 223.

[0112] Temperature sensor 224 is installed on the inner wall of mixing silo 21 via wireless transmission module, and the monitoring area covers the spreading disc 22.

[0113] The spreading disc 22 includes a circular base disc 221, deformable spade discs 222, shape memory alloy hinges 223, and a temperature sensor 224. The circular base disc 221 is fixed to the power input shaft 23 by a key connection and can rotate synchronously with the power input shaft 23. It receives the soil and fertilizer mixture from the central mixing bin 21 and transfers it to the deformable spade discs 222 on the periphery. Under the action of centrifugal force, the mixture is thrown outward along the surface of the deformable spade discs 222, completing the covering operation to the furrows on both sides. The deformable spade discs 222 are evenly distributed around the edge area of ​​the circular base disc 221 and are movably connected to the circular base disc 221 by the shape memory alloy hinges 223. This connection method allows the deformable spade discs 222 to change their angle under specific conditions, thereby adjusting their tilt posture to change the direction and range of material spreading. The shape memory alloy hinges 223 have the characteristics of sensing temperature and responding to deformation. When the ambient temperature reaches its set phase transition point, the crystal structure inside the hinge changes, producing a preset mechanical deformation, which in turn drives the variable... The shape memory alloy hinge 222 automatically expands or retracts, achieving adaptive adjustment of the hinge angle. This allows the spreading disc 22 to dynamically adjust the spreading width under different operating temperatures. At high temperatures, the hinge expands to increase the spreading range and prevent material concentration. At low temperatures, the hinge retracts to reduce the spreading angle and prevent excessive material scattering, ensuring uniformity of soil covering and operational accuracy. The temperature sensor 224 is installed on the inner wall of the central mixing silo 21 via a wireless transmission module. Its monitoring area covers the space where the spreading disc 22 is located. It can collect temperature information inside the mixing silo in real time, especially around the spreading disc 22, and transmit the data to the control system wirelessly. This provides a basis for determining whether the shape memory alloy hinge 223 has reached the phase change condition. At the same time, this temperature monitoring also helps to grasp the thermal state of the material during the mixing process, preventing material agglomeration or performance changes due to frictional heat or environmental factors. This achieves intelligent spreading control based on temperature response, improving the adaptability of the soil covering device to complex field environments and ensuring the uniformity, stability, and controllability of furrow soil covering during ginger planting.

[0114] Specifically, the mixing bin 21 is equipped with:

[0115] The longitudinally penetrating tapered spiral guide column 24 has its top flange connected to the outlet of the diffusion and equalization hood 54, and its bottom extends to above the center of the spreading disc 22.

[0116] Ultrasonic vibrating plate 25 is symmetrically installed on the side wall of mixing silo 21;

[0117] The central mixing silo 21 is equipped with a tapered spiral guide column 24 and an ultrasonic vibrating plate 25. The tapered spiral guide column 24 runs longitudinally through the interior of the central mixing silo 21, and its top is connected to the outlet of the diffusion and equalization hood 54, ensuring that the fertilizer conveyed from the pneumatic conveying pipe 51 can be smoothly introduced into the guide column channel. The guide column adopts a tapered design, that is, the cross-sectional size gradually decreases from top to bottom. Combined with the spiral structure on its surface, it can guide the fertilizer and soil mixture entering the mixing silo 21 to fall smoothly along the spiral path, effectively extending the residence time of the material in the silo and promoting full contact and mixing of the two in the vertical direction. At the same time, it prevents the material from accumulating in the central area to form blockages or flow dead zones. The bottom extends to the position above the center of the spreading plate 22, so that the material can fall into the rotation range of the spreading plate 22 in a concentrated and uniform manner, providing a stable feeding foundation for subsequent centrifugal spreading. Plate 25 is symmetrically installed on the side wall of the central mixing bin 21. It can emit high-frequency vibration waves during equipment operation. These vibration waves penetrate the bin wall and enter the internal material, destroying the adhesion and agglomeration effect between particles. It has a significant dispersing effect, especially for soil clumping or fertilizer agglomeration caused by high humidity or frictional heat. It avoids large pieces of material from clogging the discharge port or affecting the normal operation of the spreading disc 22. The symmetrical arrangement makes the vibration energy evenly distributed in the bin, without producing local polarization, which is conducive to the loosening and uniform flow of the overall material, further improving the mixing efficiency. The tapered spiral guide column 24 and the ultrasonic vibrating plate 25 work together to ensure that the soil and fertilizer in the central mixing bin 21 are always in a good mixed state and continuously and stably supply material to the spreading disc 22, thereby ensuring the continuity, uniformity and quality of the soil covering process, and meeting the technical requirements of ginger planting for fine soil covering.

[0118] Specifically, the front wheel 11 includes:

[0119] Airbag suspension 111 connected to the chassis of mobile vehicle 1;

[0120] Arched rubber wheel 112 installed at the bottom of airbag suspension 111;

[0121] The rear wheel 12 includes:

[0122] Wedge-shaped grip teeth 121 embedded in the wheel hub;

[0123] Anti-grass entanglement cover 122 fixed to the outer periphery of the wheel body;

[0124] The front wheel 11 includes an air suspension 111 and an arched rubber wheel 112. The air suspension 111 is connected between the chassis of the mobile vehicle 1 and the front wheel as an elastic support element. It can automatically adjust the height of the wheel according to the undulation of the ground. Its flexible buffer characteristics can effectively absorb the impact vibration from the uneven ridge during the movement, reduce the overall machine bumps, improve the stability of the equipment operation, and ensure that the front wheel 11 always maintains good contact with the curved surface of the ridge, providing an accurate working reference for the subsequent lifting soil-removing component 3. The arched rubber wheel 112 is installed at the bottom of the air suspension 111. Its shape is designed to fit the arched structure of ginger planting ridges. During the rolling process, it can closely fit the curved surface of the ridge, achieve precise contour driving, and avoid deviation of the working trajectory due to wheel slippage or misalignment. The rubber material has a certain elasticity and anti-slip properties, which can protect the ridge from being crushed and enhance the grip, reduce slippage, and is especially suitable for moist and loose field soil environments.

[0125] The rear wheel 12 includes wedge-shaped grip teeth 121 and anti-grass cover 122. The wedge-shaped grip teeth 121 are embedded in the hub of the rear wheel 12 and protrude outward in a wedge shape, which has a strong cutting ability. When the rear wheel 12 travels on the edge of the furrow, the grip teeth can embed into the soil to provide additional adhesion. The anti-grass cover 122 is fixed to the outer periphery of the rear wheel 12, covering the key rotation area of ​​the wheel body, effectively preventing foreign objects such as weeds and straw from getting into the gap between the hub and the frame, and avoiding the phenomenon of increased rotational resistance or even jamming due to entanglement.

[0126] Specifically, the end of the pneumatic conveying pipe 51 is provided with:

[0127] An antistatic ring 55 is fitted onto the inlet of the diffusion uniform hood 54;

[0128] Conical guide net 56 located below static elimination ring 55;

[0129] The pneumatic conveying pipe 51 is equipped with an electrostatic eliminator ring 55 and a conical guide net 56 at its end. The electrostatic eliminator ring 55 is fitted at the inlet of the diffusion and equalization hood 54 and surrounds the connection between the pneumatic conveying pipe 51 and the diffusion and equalization hood 54. Its main function is to eliminate the static charge accumulated by the fertilizer particles due to friction during high-speed airflow conveying. Agricultural fertilizers move at high speed in the pipe for a long time, which easily generates and accumulates static electricity, especially in dry environments. The electrostatic eliminator ring 55 neutralizes the static electricity on the particle surface by releasing reverse charges, effectively reducing the static electricity level of the material and keeping the fertilizer particles separated and loose, which is conducive to subsequent uniform diffusion and mixing. The conical guide net 56 is located below the electrostatic eliminator ring 55 and is set at the bottom of the pipe. The diffuser hood 54, inside or in the inlet transition area, has a conical structure. Its function is to guide the high-speed gas-solid mixture ejected from the pneumatic conveying pipe 51 to diffuse smoothly, change the airflow direction, reduce the impact speed, and prevent fertilizer particles from concentrating and hitting the inner wall of the mixing bin, causing rebound or accumulation. The conical guide net 56 has a porous and permeable mesh structure, which can disperse the airflow into multiple small channels without obstructing the passage of materials, promote the uniform spreading of fertilizer particles in the horizontal direction, and make them fall downward into the central mixing bin 21 in an umbrella shape, creating favorable conditions for full cross-mixing with the soil from the soil-removing component. At the same time, the guide net can further break up the formed small clumps and enhance the looseness of the material.

[0130] Specifically, the power input shaft 23 is coaxially keyed to the flywheel energy storage device 61;

[0131] The flywheel energy storage device 61 is fixedly connected to the drive belt pulley 611 on its outer periphery;

[0132] The bottom end of the auxiliary power shaft 63 is keyed to the driven pulley 631, and the driving pulley 611 and the driven pulley 631 are engaged by the synchronous toothed belt 62;

[0133] The top of the auxiliary power shaft 63 is connected to the input shaft of the planetary gear speed increaser 632;

[0134] The output shaft 633 of the planetary gear speed increaser 632 is fixedly connected to the first bevel gear 634;

[0135] The input shaft of the high-pressure blower 53 is keyed to the second bevel gear 635;

[0136] The first bevel gear 634 and the second bevel gear 635 mesh orthogonally.

[0137] The power input shaft 23 is coaxially keyed to the flywheel energy storage device 61, enabling the flywheel energy storage device 61 to rotate synchronously with the power input shaft 23. During normal operation of the device, the power input shaft 23 is continuously driven to rotate by an external power source. During rotation, the flywheel energy storage device 61 stores some mechanical kinetic energy in the form of rotational kinetic energy, forming a dynamic energy buffer unit. When the equipment encounters instantaneous load fluctuations, such as a sudden increase in soil resistance or material blockage, the flywheel energy storage device 61 can release the stored energy to alleviate the impact on the power system and maintain the smooth operation of the entire machine. At the same time, in the event of power interruption or brief power failure, it can still maintain short-term inertial operation to ensure the continuous operation of key components such as the material spreading disc 22 and avoid material accumulation or blockage caused by sudden shutdown. The flywheel energy storage device 61 is fixedly connected to the outer periphery of the drive pulley 611, which serves as the power output end and is connected to the driven pulley 631 via synchronous teeth. The gear belt 62 meshes with the drive belt, forming a belt drive system that distributes the power stored and transmitted by the flywheel energy storage device 61 to the auxiliary system. The bottom end of the auxiliary power shaft 63 is keyed to the driven pulley 631, enabling it to receive the rotational power transmitted from the drive pulley 611 through the synchronous toothed belt 62 and drive the entire auxiliary power shaft 63 to rotate. The shaft is arranged vertically to achieve vertical power transmission in space. Its top end is connected to the input shaft of the planetary gear speed increaser 632. The planetary gear speed increaser 632 uses the transmission characteristics of the planetary gear system to convert the low-speed input from the auxiliary power shaft 63 into a high-speed output, meeting the high-speed power requirements of the high-pressure blower 53. The high-pressure blower 53 thus obtains a continuous and stable mechanical drive and can operate without the need for an additional independent motor, significantly reducing the dependence of the whole machine on electricity or other external power sources and improving the integration level and energy utilization efficiency of the equipment.

[0138] The detailed workflow of this invention is as follows:

[0139] Phase 1: Soil Collection and Transportation

[0140] When the mobile vehicle 1 moves along the ridge, the front wheel 11 fits against the curved surface of the ridge, and the wedge-shaped gripping teeth 121 of the rear wheel 12 are embedded in the contour structure of the furrow to ensure stability. The hydraulic lifting cylinder 31 adjusts the lifting soil-moving component 3 to the tillage depth. The hydraulic motor 33 drives the hollow rotating main shaft 32 to rotate the soil-moving blades 34. After the soil-moving blades 34 chop the soil on the ridge, it is sent into the interior through the opening of the steel soil conveying channel box 30. The soil is lifted in the flexible soil conveying channel pipe 35 and finally fed into the feed port of the central mixing bin 21.

[0141] Phase Two: Fertilizer Intake and Pneumatic Transport

[0142] Fertilizer in fertilizer storage tank 4 enters the material inlet of Venturi negative pressure generator 52 through the bottom outlet. Compressed air output by independently set high-pressure blower 53 is injected into the compressed air inlet of Venturi negative pressure generator 52 through compressed air short pipe 58. Venturi negative pressure generator 52 generates negative pressure in negative pressure chamber, which draws in fertilizer and mixes it with airflow. The mixture flows through pneumatic conveying pipe 51 to reach diffusion equalization hood 54. Static elimination ring 55 eliminates static electricity in fertilizer particles. Conical guide net 57 makes fertilizer fall evenly into mixing bin 21.

[0143] Phase 3: Soil and Fertilizer Mixing

[0144] Fertilizer is mixed with soil in mixing bin 21. Spiral guide column 24 guides the material to fall spirally to avoid accumulation. Ultrasonic vibrating plate 25 emits high-frequency vibration waves to break up clumps. Temperature sensor 224 monitors the mixing temperature. When the temperature exceeds the phase transition point of shape memory alloy hinge 223, deformable flap 222 automatically unfolds. Temperature sensor 224 detects the temperature of mixing bin. When the temperature rises, shape memory alloy hinge 223 deforms, increasing the tilt angle of deformable flap 222 and expanding the soil covering area.

[0145] Phase 4: Covering with soil and spreading it

[0146] The drive motor drives the spreading disc 22 to rotate, and the circular base disc 221 drives the deformable slinger 222 to rotate centrifugally. The deformable slinger 222 adjusts its tilt angle according to temperature changes to increase the spreading range. The mixed material is centrifugally thrown to both sides by the spreading disc 22 to evenly cover the furrows.

[0147] Phase 5: Auxiliary System Operation

[0148] The hollow rotating main shaft 32 drives the side-mounted centrifugal fan 36 through the belt drive group 39. The driving wheel 391 rotates with the main shaft 32 and drives the driven wheel 392 through the transmission belt 393. The side-mounted centrifugal fan 36 generates negative pressure airflow, which draws dust from the top of the soil conveying channel pipe 35 through the anti-blocking air duct 37. The annular filter group inside the anti-blocking air duct 37 performs staged filtration. The pre-coarse filter 381 intercepts debris larger than 5 mm. The 45-degree inclined blades of the middle cyclone screen 382 make the airflow rotate and centrifugally separate particles of 1-5 mm. The rear fine filter 383 blocks dust larger than 50 microns. The clean airflow enters the fan.

[0149] Phase 6: Energy Recovery and Utilization

[0150] The power input shaft 23 drives the flywheel energy storage device 61 to store kinetic energy. The driving pulley 611 of the flywheel energy storage device 61 drives the driven pulley 631 through the synchronous toothed belt 62. The auxiliary power shaft 63 transmits the power to the planetary gear speed increaser 632. After speed increase, the high-pressure blower 53 is driven through the orthogonally meshed first bevel gear 634 and second bevel gear 635.

[0151] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0152] Finally, it should be noted that the above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An adjustable earthing device for planting of ginger plants, characterized in that, The utility model relates to a kind of soil mixing machines, including: Mobile car (1), the bottom front side is equipped with the front wheel (11) of ridge curved surface adaptation, rear side is equipped with the rear wheel (12) with groove along profiling structure; Central mixing bin (21), integrally formed in the middle part of mobile car (1) chassis, its inside coaxial setting rotatable spreading disc (22), central mixing bin (21) bottom is provided with the drive motor connected spreading disc (22) by driving power input shaft (23); The spreading disc (22) includes: Key connection power input shaft (23) circular base disc (221); Circumferentially uniform deformable fling piece (222), deformable fling piece (222) is movably connected circular base disc (221) by shape memory alloy hinge (223); The mixing bin (21) is provided with: Longitudinal through tapered spiral flow guide column (24), its top flange connects diffusion uniform material cover (54) outlet, bottom extends to spreading disc (22) center above; Ultrasonic vibration plate (25), symmetrically installed on the side wall of mixing bin (21); Temperature sensor (224), installed on the inner wall of mixing bin (21) by wireless transmission module, monitoring area covers spreading disc (22); Lifting type soil moving part (3), rigidly connected to the front end of mobile car (1) chassis by hydraulic lifting cylinder (31), located between front wheel (11) and rear wheel (12); The lifting type soil moving part (3) includes: Steel soil conveying channel box (30), fixed to the telescopic end of hydraulic lifting cylinder (31); Horizontally arranged hollow rotating main shaft (32), both ends are movably installed on both sides of steel soil conveying channel box (30) through bearing seat (321); Hydraulic motor (33) fixed to the side wall of steel soil conveying channel box (30), flange connection hollow rotating main shaft (32) one end; Circumferentially uniform soil moving blade (34), welded on the outer circumferential surface of hollow rotating main shaft (32); Flexible soil conveying channel pipe (35), one end is connected to the side wall inlet of central mixing bin (21), the other end is connected to the side wall outlet of steel soil conveying channel box (30); Side centrifugal fan (36), fixed to the side wall of steel soil conveying channel box (30) by support bolt; Anti-blocking air duct (37), connecting the air inlet of side centrifugal fan (36) and the top of flexible soil conveying channel pipe (35), internally provided with detachably installed annular filter screen group (38); Fertilizer storage tank (4), fixed above mixing bin (21) by support, flange connection venturi negative pressure generator (52) is connected to the side wall outlet thereof; The lifting type soil moving part (3) transports ridge soil to the inlet of mixing bin (21), after fertilizer is sucked by venturi negative pressure generator (52), is transported to mixing bin (21) by pneumatic conveying pipe (51), and is mixed with soil, and is centrifugally thrown and covers both sides of ridge ditch by spreading disc (22); The pneumatic conveying pipe (51) includes: Venturi negative pressure generator (52), flange connection fertilizer storage tank (4) bottom outlet; High-pressure fan (53), the compressed air inlet of venturi negative pressure generator (52) is sealingly connected to the air outlet thereof; Diffusion uniform material cover (54), bolted to the mixing bin (21) top cover inner surface, connected to the venturi negative pressure generator (52) outlet.

2. The device of claim 1, wherein: The lifting type earth-moving element (3) further comprises: Belt drive group (39) comprises: Driving wheel (391), key connection hollow rotating shaft (32) one end; Driven wheel (392), key connection side centrifugal fan (36) rotating shaft; Transmission belt (393), mesh connection driving wheel (391) and driven wheel (392).

3. The device of claim 1, wherein: The annular filter screen group (38) is composed of three layers of independent annular filter screens arranged in sequence along the airflow direction: The front coarse filter screen (381) is set as a stainless steel punched plate and is fixed to the inlet end of the anti-blocking air duct (37) by flange bolts; The middle cyclone screen (382) is set as a 304 stainless steel spiral blade group and is arranged in the middle of the anti-blocking air duct (37); The rear fine filter screen (383) is set as a sintered metal felt filter cartridge and is detachably installed in front of the air inlet of the side centrifugal fan (36).

4. The device of claim 1, wherein: The front wheel (11) comprises: Air bag suspension (111) connected to the chassis of the moving vehicle (1); Arc-shaped rubber wheel (112) installed at the bottom of the air bag suspension (111); The rear wheel (12) comprises: Wedge-shaped grip teeth (121) embedded in the hub; Grass entanglement prevention shroud (122) fixed to the outer periphery of the wheel body.

5. The device of claim 1, wherein: The pneumatic conveying pipe (51) has: Electrostatic elimination ring (55) fitted on the inlet of the diffusion uniform material cover (54); Conical flow guide net (57) located below the electrostatic elimination ring (55).

6. The device of claim 1, wherein: The power input shaft (23) is coaxially keyed to the flywheel energy storage device (61); Flywheel energy storage device (61) outer periphery fixed with driving pulley (611); Auxiliary power shaft (63) bottom end keying driven pulley (631), driving pulley (611) and driven pulley (631) through synchronous toothed belt (62) meshing; Auxiliary power shaft (63) top end connection planetary gear speed increasing box (632) input shaft; Planetary gear speed increasing box (632) output shaft (633) fixed with first bevel gear (634); High pressure fan (53) input shaft keying second bevel gear (635); First bevel gear (634) and second bevel gear (635) orthogonal meshing.

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