Rigid composite waterproof structure suitable for high-salt environment and construction technology of rigid composite waterproof structure

Abstract

The invention relates to a rigid composite waterproof structure suitable for a high-salt environment and a construction technology thereof, and relates to the technical field of building waterproof design, the waterproof structure comprises a bottom plate, the bottom plate is provided with a plurality of side walls, the side walls are vertically arranged, and an indoor space is formed between the bottom plate and the side walls; water gathering cavities are formed in the side walls, and the multiple water gathering cavities are sequentially arranged at intervals in the length direction of the side walls; an outer wall waterproof layer is arranged on the outer side wall of the side wall, an inner wall waterproof layer is arranged on the inner side wall of the side wall, and a buffering waterproof layer is arranged on the inner wall of the water gathering cavity. The outer wall waterproof layer, the buffering waterproof layer and the inner wall waterproof layer are matched to form three layers of waterproof barriers which are sequentially stacked, the waterproof performance of the waterproof structure can be effectively improved, the service life of the waterproof structure can be effectively prolonged, and therefore the applicability of the waterproof structure in the high-salt environment can be improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application relates to the technical field of building waterproof design, in particular to a rigid composite waterproof structure suitable for a high-salt environment and a construction process thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, in order to reduce the water seepage of buildings, waterproof structures are often designed, and the method adopted by the common waterproof structure mainly depends on single rigid or flexible waterproof materials, wherein the most common method is to use concrete self-waterproofing, apply cement-based waterproof mortar and coating, and use flexible sealing materials to process detail joints. These technologies are widely used in various underground structure engineering such as subways, tunnels and underground garages.

[0003] However, when the building is located in a high-salt environment, the waterproof structure in the high-salt environment is easily eroded by the long-term erosion of high-salt groundwater due to the chemical corrosiveness of high-salt groundwater to the waterproof structure, and thus the waterproof structure is prone to deformation, cracking or damage, thereby causing the waterproof structure to fail. Therefore, the existing waterproof structure has weak strength and short service life in the high-salt environment. SUMMARY

[0004] The application provides a rigid composite waterproof structure suitable for a high-salt environment and a construction process thereof, which aims to improve the waterproof performance of the waterproof structure in the high-salt environment, improve the service life and waterproof effect of the waterproof structure.

[0005] In a first aspect, the rigid composite waterproof structure suitable for a high-salt environment provided by the application adopts the following technical scheme: A rigid composite waterproof structure suitable for a high-salt environment, comprising a bottom plate, a plurality of side walls are arranged on the bottom plate, the side walls are vertically arranged, and an indoor space is formed between the bottom plate and the plurality of side walls; a water collecting cavity is arranged in the side wall, and a plurality of water collecting cavities are sequentially and spacedly arranged along the length direction of the side wall; an outer wall waterproof layer is arranged on the outer side wall of the side wall, an inner wall waterproof layer is arranged on the inner side wall of the side wall, and a buffer waterproof layer is arranged on the inner wall of the water collecting cavity.

[0006] By adopting the above technical scheme, the indoor space is formed under the cooperation of the bottom plate and the plurality of side walls, which meets the basic requirements of the corresponding waterproof building.

[0007] On this basis, the water collecting cavity is arranged in the side wall, the outer wall waterproof layer is arranged outside the side wall, the buffer waterproof layer is arranged on the inner wall of the water collecting cavity, and the inner wall waterproof layer is arranged in the side wall, so that three layers of waterproof barriers are sequentially stacked under the cooperation of the outer wall waterproof layer, the buffer waterproof layer and the inner wall waterproof layer.

[0008] Specifically, the first waterproof barrier: the outer wall waterproof layer can block the erosion and osmotic pressure of the high-salt underground water in the backfill layer outside the building. The second waterproof barrier: when the outer wall waterproof layer is damaged and the high-salt underground water seeps into the side wall, the buffer waterproof layer coated on the inner wall of the water collecting cavity can block the further penetration of the high-salt underground water. Even if the buffer waterproof layer is damaged, the high-salt underground water will be directly collected into the buffer waterproof layer, and if the high-salt underground water needs to continue to penetrate the side wall, the second buffer waterproof layer needs to be damaged, which can further block the penetration of the high-salt underground water. The third waterproof barrier: the inner wall waterproof layer can prevent water in the indoor space from penetrating into the side wall, and also prevent the high-salt underground water that has penetrated into the side wall from penetrating into the indoor space, which can further block the penetration of water.

[0009] Therefore, the application forms three layers of waterproof barriers in sequence under the cooperation of the outer wall waterproof layer, the buffer waterproof layer and the inner wall waterproof layer, which can effectively enhance the waterproof performance and service life of the waterproof structure, thereby improving the applicability of the waterproof structure in a high-salt environment.

[0010] Optionally, a concrete cushion layer is arranged below the bottom plate, a waterproof layer is arranged on the concrete cushion layer, the bottom plate is cast on the waterproof layer, and the outer wall waterproof layer is overlapped with the waterproof layer.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, the design of the waterproof layer can improve the waterproof performance of the bottom plate, and further enhance the waterproof performance of the waterproof structure. On this basis, since the outer wall waterproof layer is overlapped with the waterproof layer, a waterproof shell wrapping the building can be formed outside the building, thereby ensuring the integrity of the waterproof structure, and effectively reducing the risk of high-salt underground water seeping from between the bottom plate and the side wall.

[0012] Optionally, a plurality of drainage pipes are pre-embedded in the side wall, the drainage pipes are arranged one-to-one corresponding to the water collecting cavities, one end of the drainage pipe is communicated with the corresponding water collecting cavity, and the other end extends into the indoor space.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, the design of the drainage pipe provides an active drainage channel for the corresponding water collecting cavity. After the high-salt underground water seeps into and converges in the water collecting cavity, the drainage pipe can drain the high-salt underground water in the corresponding water collecting cavity, thereby reducing the further erosion of the buffer waterproof layer by the high-salt underground water in the water collecting cavity. At the same time, the high-salt underground water drained in the drainage pipe can also serve as an indication signal of the failure of the outer wall waterproof layer, which is convenient for timely determining whether the side wall is seeped and the position of the seepage.

[0014] Optionally, a sealing cover is detachably arranged at one end of the drainage pipe, the sealing cover closes the drainage pipe, and the sealing cover is located in the indoor space.

[0015] By adopting the technical scheme, the sealing cover can seal the drain pipe, so that moisture or foreign matter in the indoor space cannot enter the pipe, thereby ensuring that the drain pipe can work normally. When it is necessary to determine whether the side wall leaks, the management personnel can open the sealing cover, thereby realizing the determination of the leakage condition.

[0016] Optionally, the anti-seepage monitor and a plurality of humidity sensors are further included, the plurality of humidity sensors are electrically connected with the anti-seepage monitor, the humidity sensors are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the drain pipes, and the detection end of the humidity sensor is located in the corresponding drain pipe.

[0017] By adopting the technical scheme, under the cooperation of the humidity sensor and the anti-seepage monitor, the humidity sensor can monitor the humidity change in the drain pipe in real time, and early warning of failure of the outer wall waterproof layer can be realized. Once leakage occurs, the corresponding humidity sensor can immediately detect humidity anomaly, and the anti-seepage monitor can issue an alarm, so that invisible underground leakage problems are converted into visual data signals, and the management personnel can timely find and accurately locate the fault area.

[0018] Optionally, the humidity sensor is arranged on the corresponding sealing cover, and the drain pipe is arranged in an inclined manner in the vertical direction, the upper end of the drain pipe is in communication with the corresponding water collecting cavity, and the lower end of the drain pipe is detachably connected with the corresponding sealing cover.

[0019] By adopting the technical scheme, since the drain pipe is arranged in an inclined manner, high-salt underground water entering the drain pipe can quickly gather at the lower end of the drain pipe, so as to enter the detection area of the humidity sensor, which facilitates the humidity sensor to quickly detect the seepage condition, thereby improving the sensitivity and response speed of the seepage condition monitoring.

[0020] Optionally, the water absorption mechanism further includes a plurality of support frames, the support frames are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the water collecting cavities, and the support frames are located in the corresponding water collecting cavities; a one-way water seepage sleeve is arranged outside the support frame, and a high-salt medium layer is filled in the support frame; and the drain pipe is in communication with the corresponding support frame.

[0021] By adopting the technical scheme, the water absorption mechanism is designed in cooperation with the support frame and the one-way water seepage sleeve, the design of the one-way water seepage sleeve makes the high-salt underground water only enter the support frame from outside the support frame, and the high-salt underground water in the support frame cannot seep back to outside the support frame, so that the support frame has a water locking function.

[0022] On this basis, through the design of the high-salt medium layer, when the high-salt underground water enters the water collecting cavity, under the action of osmotic pressure, the high-salt medium layer will suck the high-salt underground water outside the support frame into the support frame, and greatly inhibit the reverse osmosis of water, which can realize the water absorption function.

[0023] Therefore, under the cooperation of the support frame, the high-salt medium layer and the one-way water permeable sleeve, the high-salt underground water seeping into the corresponding water collecting cavity can be timely absorbed, which can reduce the residual of the high-salt underground water in the water collecting cavity, thereby further reducing the erosion of the buffer waterproof layer and improving the service life of the buffer waterproof layer.

[0024] Since the drain pipe is in communication with the support frame, the drain pipe can timely drain the high-salt underground water absorbed in the support frame, and it is also convenient to confirm whether the side wall seeps water through the drain pipe.

[0025] Optionally, the water collecting cavity is filled with a water guiding particle layer, and the water guiding particle layer is filled between the inner wall of the water collecting cavity and the outer wall corresponding to the support frame.

[0026] By adopting the above technical solution, the water guiding particle layer is filled between the inner wall of the water collecting cavity and the support frame, so that after the high-salt underground water seeps into the water collecting cavity, the high-salt underground water will flow inside the water guiding particle layer, preventing the high-salt underground water from directly gathering at the bottom of the water collecting cavity. Since the high-salt underground water flows inside the water guiding particle layer, it is easier for the high-salt underground water to contact the support frame, and under the action of the high-salt medium layer, the high-salt underground water is more easily absorbed into the support frame, which can improve the water absorption efficiency of the support frame. Therefore, the retention time of the high-salt underground water in the water collecting cavity can be reduced, thereby improving the service life of the buffer waterproof layer.

[0027] Optionally, a plurality of support steel meshes are arranged on the periphery of the support frame, each of the support steel meshes is covered with a one-way water permeable film, each of the plurality of support steel meshes is detachably connected with the support frame, and the plurality of one-way water permeable films are spliced into the one-way water permeable sleeve.

[0028] By adopting the above technical solution, the support steel mesh provides reliable skeleton support for the one-way water permeable film, preventing it from deforming or being damaged under high water pressure, and ensuring the stability and effectiveness of its long-term work. At the same time, the detachable connection mode also provides convenience for subsequent maintenance or replacement.

[0029] In the second aspect, the construction process of the rigid composite waterproof structure suitable for high-salt environment provided by the present application adopts the following technical solution: A construction process for a rigid composite waterproof structure suitable for high-salt environments is provided, comprising the following steps: excavation of the foundation pit and construction of a concrete cushion layer; pouring a base slab on the concrete cushion layer; pouring side walls on the base slab, and forming water-collecting cavities within the side walls; and setting an external waterproof layer, an internal waterproof layer, and a buffer waterproof layer on the side walls.

[0030] By adopting the above technical solution and based on this construction process, a water-collecting cavity can be formed inside the side wall, and a buffer waterproof layer can be set on the inner wall of the water-collecting cavity. This allows the inner wall waterproof layer, the buffer waterproof layer, and the outer wall waterproof layer to work together to form a three-layer waterproof barrier that is stacked in sequence, thereby optimizing the waterproof performance of the waterproof structure.

[0031] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. This application forms a three-layer waterproof barrier by combining an external waterproof layer, a buffer waterproof layer, and an internal waterproof layer, which can effectively enhance the waterproof performance and service life of the waterproof structure, thereby improving the applicability of the waterproof structure in high-salt environments.

[0032] 2. This application, through the combined design of the external wall waterproof layer and the seepage prevention layer, can effectively reduce water seepage at the connection between the side wall and the base slab, thereby improving the waterproof performance of the waterproof structure.

[0033] 3. This application, through the coordinated design of the drainage pipe and the water suction mechanism, can quickly discharge the high-salt groundwater that has seeped into the water-collecting cavity, thereby reducing the impact on the buffer waterproof layer. This can improve the stability of the waterproof structure, thereby enhancing the waterproof performance and service life of the waterproof structure. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the waterproof structure after construction according to Embodiment 1 of this application.

[0035] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the waterproof structure in Embodiment 1 of this application.

[0036] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the waterproof structure in Embodiment 2 of this application.

[0037] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the side wall of Embodiment 2 of this application.

[0038] Figure 5 yes Figure 3 A magnified schematic diagram of part A in the middle.

[0039] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the waterproof structure in Embodiment 3 of this application.

[0040] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the water absorption mechanism in Embodiment 3 of this application.

[0041] Figure 8 This is an exploded structural diagram of the water absorption mechanism of Embodiment 3 of this application.

[0042] Figure 9 yes Figure 6 A magnified schematic diagram of part B in the middle section.

[0043] Figure 10 This is a partial cross-sectional structural diagram of the drainage pipe of Embodiment 4 of this application.

[0044] Figure 11 This is a control block diagram of the seepage prevention intelligent monitoring mechanism of Embodiment 4 of this application.

[0045] In the diagram, 1. Base slab; 11. Concrete cushion layer; 12. Impermeable layer; 2. Side wall; 21. Exterior waterproof layer; 22. Interior waterproof layer; 23. Water-collecting cavity; 24. Buffer waterproof layer; 25. Outer wall; 26. Inner wall; 27. Connecting wall; 28. Reinforced wall; 29. ​​Top sealing wall; 3. Interior space; 4. Top slab; 41. Top waterproof layer; 5. Drainage pipe; 51. Sealing cap; 6. Water absorption mechanism; 61. Support frame; 611. Supporting steel mesh; 612. Connecting pipe; 62. One-way permeable sleeve; 621. One-way permeable membrane; 63. High-salt medium layer; 64. Penetrating pipe; 65. Water-conducting particle layer; 7. Impermeable intelligent monitoring mechanism; 71. Impermeable monitor; 72. Humidity sensor; 73. Salinity sensor; 100. Node-reinforced waterproof layer; 200. Backfill layer. Detailed Implementation

[0046] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1 -Appendix Figure 11 This application will be described in further detail below.

[0047] Example 1: A rigid composite waterproof structure suitable for high-salt environments, referring to... Figure 1 and Figure 2 It includes a base plate 1 and several side walls 2, all of which are vertically cast on the base plate 1, and an interior space 3 is formed between the base plate 1 and the several side walls 2.

[0048] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 Before constructing the base slab 1, a concrete cushion layer 11 is poured on the soil layer, and an impermeable layer 12 is set on the concrete cushion layer 11. The base slab 1 is poured on the impermeable layer 12.

[0049] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2After the side wall 2 is poured, an external waterproof layer 21 is provided on the outside of the side wall 2, and an internal waterproof layer 22 is provided on the inside of the side wall 2. The external waterproof layer 21 extends downward to overlap with the anti-seepage layer 12 between the bottom slab 1 and the concrete cushion layer 11.

[0050] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 The side wall 2 is provided with a number of water-gathering cavities 23, which are arranged at intervals along the length of the corresponding side wall 2, and the inner wall of each water-gathering cavity 23 is provided with a buffer waterproof layer 24.

[0051] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 The waterproof structure also includes a top plate 4, which is located in the interior space 3, and several side walls 2 are connected to the top plate 4. The top plate 4 is spaced above the bottom plate 1, and a top waterproof layer 41 is provided on the upper side of the top plate 4.

[0052] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 In this embodiment, the seepage-proof layer 12 is made of pre-laid reverse-adhesive polymer waterproof membrane; the exterior wall waterproof layer 21, the interior wall waterproof layer 22 and the top waterproof layer 41 are all made of polymer-modified cement waterproof mortar; and the buffer waterproof layer 24 is made of cement-based penetrating crystalline waterproof material.

[0053] The main components of polymer-modified cement waterproof mortar are cement and quartz sand as the basic framework, with the introduction of high-molecular polymers (such as acrylic emulsions) as modifiers. Its waterproofing mechanism is the synergistic effect between the rigid inorganic framework formed by cement hydration and the flexible waterproof membrane formed by the cross-linking and curing of the high-molecular polymer. This synergistic effect is manifested in the following ways: cement provides high strength and basic impermeability, while the high-molecular polymer fills and seals the capillary pores in the hardened cement body at the microscopic level, while simultaneously endowing the cured polymer-modified cement waterproof mortar with excellent flexibility and adhesion, effectively resisting micro-deformation and cracking within the cement.

[0054] Based on the characteristics of polymer-modified cement waterproof mortar, the exterior wall waterproof layer 21 and the interior wall waterproof layer 22 can form a strong and wear-resistant surface protection, effectively resisting external environmental erosion and providing an internal final barrier.

[0055] The main components of cement-based penetrating crystalline waterproofing materials are: special cement (such as high-salt underground cement with sulfoaluminate) and quartz sand as carrier platforms, and the introduction of various proprietary active chemical substances (such as alkali metal silicates, complexes, etc.). Its waterproofing mechanism is as follows: its active chemical substances, using water as a carrier, penetrate into the concrete and catalyze a chemical reaction of free calcium ions in the concrete, generating water-insoluble crystals. The resulting function is that these crystals fill, block, and seal the capillary pores and microcracks of the concrete at the microscopic level, transforming the concrete structure itself into a dense, permanent waterproof body. More importantly, this reaction possesses self-healing properties; when new microcracks appear in the structure later, the latent active chemical substances can be reactivated upon contact with water, generating new crystals to seal the cracks, achieving secondary seepage prevention.

[0056] Based on the characteristics of cement-based penetrating crystalline waterproofing materials, the buffer waterproofing layer 24 can self-repair, thereby further improving the reliability of the waterproofing structure.

[0057] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 With the cooperation of the external wall waterproof layer 21 and the seepage-proof layer 12, the building facade is sealed, effectively preventing high-salt groundwater from seeping into the backfill soil layer 200 from between the side wall 2 and the base slab 1, thus effectively improving waterproofing performance. Based on the design of the buffer waterproof layer 24, a buffer layer is formed between the internal wall waterproof layer 22 and the external wall waterproof layer 21. When high-salt groundwater corrodes and damages the external wall waterproof layer 21, the buffer waterproof layer 24 can prevent further corrosion of the side wall 2, thus ensuring the service life of the side wall 2. After both the external wall waterproof layer 21 and the buffer waterproof layer 24 fail, the internal wall waterproof layer 22 can effectively block the infiltration of high-salt groundwater, thus providing a final safety barrier for the interior space 3, ensuring the long-term dryness and structural safety of the basement.

[0058] Reference Figure 2 In this embodiment, a node-reinforced waterproof layer 100 is provided at the connection between the side wall 2 and the bottom plate 1, and at the connection between the side wall 2 and the top plate 4. The node-reinforced waterproof layer 100 is made of cement-based penetrating crystalline waterproof material. In addition, node-reinforced waterproof layers are provided at the expansion joints and connection joints on the side wall 2, the bottom plate 1, and the top plate 4.

[0059] Therefore, based on the characteristics of cement-based penetrating crystalline waterproofing materials, the joint reinforcement waterproofing layer 100, with its unique penetrating crystallization and self-healing mechanism, can transform the structurally weak construction joint into an integral waterproof area that penetrates deep into the structure and possesses dynamic crack resistance and self-healing capabilities. It does not adapt to deformation through the material's physical elasticity, but rather achieves a flexible and adaptable dynamic waterproofing effect through the active repair capability of chemical reactions, thereby greatly improving the long-term reliability and durability of this critical joint.

[0060] The implementation principle of this application embodiment is as follows: through the cooperation of the external wall waterproof layer 21, the seepage-proof layer 12, the buffer waterproof layer 24, and the internal wall waterproof layer 22, the following three waterproof barriers are formed sequentially from the outside to the inside: The first layer of waterproof barrier: a physical isolation layer is constructed on the outside of the building by the external wall waterproof layer 21 and the seepage prevention layer 12. This physical isolation layer is mainly used to block the erosion and seepage pressure of high-salt groundwater in the backfill soil layer on the outside of the building.

[0061] The second waterproof barrier: With the design of the water-collecting cavity 23, when the outer wall waterproof layer 21 is damaged, allowing high-salt groundwater to seep into the side wall 2, the buffer waterproof layer 24 coated on the inner wall of the water-collecting cavity 23 can block further infiltration of the high-salt groundwater. Furthermore, even after the buffer waterproof layer 24 is damaged, the high-salt groundwater will be directly collected within it. If the high-salt groundwater needs to continue to infiltrate the side wall 2, the second buffer waterproof layer 24 needs to be damaged, which further blocks the infiltration of the high-salt groundwater.

[0062] The third waterproof barrier: the inner wall waterproof layer 22 can prevent water in the indoor space 3 from seeping into the side wall 2, and can also prevent high-salt groundwater that has seeped into the side wall 2 from seeping into the indoor space 3, which can further block the penetration of water.

[0063] This embodiment also discloses a construction process for a rigid composite waterproof structure suitable for high-salt environments, including the following steps: Excavation and foundation layer construction: Excavate and inspect the foundation pit at the predetermined location, and then construct the concrete foundation layer 11.

[0064] Construction of base slab 1: Lay the anti-seepage layer 12 on the construction concrete cushion 11, and ensure that the anti-seepage layer 12 extends to all sides as required by the construction; after the anti-seepage layer 12 is laid, tie the reinforcement of base slab 1 and pour base slab 1.

[0065] Construction of side wall 2: Tie the reinforcing bars of side wall 2 on the base plate 1, set up the outer formwork on the outside of the reinforcing bars of side wall 2, and finally pour the side wall 2, forming a water-collecting cavity 23 inside the side wall 2.

[0066] Specifically, when tying the reinforcing bars of side wall 2, an inner formwork is fixed inside the reinforcing bars of side wall 2, so that the design of the inner formwork is to ensure that a water-collecting cavity 23 is formed inside the side wall 2 after pouring.

[0067] First waterproofing layer construction: After the side wall 2 reaches the design strength, remove the inner and outer formwork, and set a buffer waterproofing layer 24 on the inner wall of the water-collecting cavity 23.

[0068] Construction of Top Slab 4: Erect the formwork for Top Slab 4, tie the reinforcing bars for Top Slab 4, and pour Top Slab 4.

[0069] Second waterproofing layer construction: Set up a joint reinforcement waterproofing layer at the connection of the bottom slab 1, top slab 4 and side wall 2, and then carry out the construction of the inner wall waterproofing layer 22, the outer wall waterproofing layer 21 and the top waterproofing layer 41.

[0070] The implementation principle of this application embodiment is as follows: a water-collecting cavity 23 is formed inside the side wall 2, and a buffer waterproof layer 24 is provided on the inner wall of the water-collecting cavity 23. This allows the inner wall waterproof layer 22, the buffer waterproof layer 24 and the outer wall waterproof layer 21 to cooperate to form a three-layer waterproof barrier that is stacked in sequence, thereby optimizing the waterproof performance of the waterproof structure.

[0071] Example 2: A rigid composite waterproof structure suitable for high-salt environments, referring to... Figure 1 and Figure 3 The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the side wall 2 includes an outer wall 25, an inner wall 26, and a connecting wall 27. Both the inner wall 26 and the outer wall 25 are vertically mounted on the base plate 1, and are parallel and spaced apart. The outer wall 25 is located on the side of the inner wall 26 facing the backfill layer 200. The connecting wall 27 is located between the inner wall 26 and the outer wall 25, and is mounted on the base plate 1. The bottom of both the outer wall 25 and the inner wall 26 are connected to the connecting wall 27.

[0072] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 4 The side wall 2 also includes several reinforcing walls 28. The reinforcing walls 28 are vertically arranged, with their lower ends connected to the connecting wall 27, and their opposite sides connected to the outer wall 25 and the inner wall 26 respectively. Several reinforcing walls 28 are arranged at intervals along the length of the outer wall 25.

[0073] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 4 A corresponding water-collecting cavity 23 is formed between two adjacent reinforcing walls 28, outer wall 25, inner wall 26 and connecting wall 27.

[0074] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 4Based on the structural design of the side wall 2, under the action of the connecting wall 27 and several reinforcing walls 28, the outer wall 25, inner wall 26, connecting wall 27 and several reinforcing walls 28 can be cast in an integrated manner, which can improve the integrity of the side wall 2 structure, thereby optimizing the load-bearing capacity of the side wall 2, and at the same time making the definition of the water-collecting cavity 23 clearer and more standardized.

[0075] Reference Figure 3 The side wall 2 also includes an upper sealing wall 29, which is located on top of the inner wall 26 and seals the top of several water-collecting cavities 23 in the corresponding side wall 2.

[0076] In this embodiment, refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4 The upper sealing wall 29 is pressed onto the inner wall 26, and one side of the upper sealing wall 29 is connected to the inner wall of the outer wall 25, while the other side is flush with the inner wall of the inner wall 26. The upper ends of the reinforcing wall 28 and the inner wall 26 are also connected to the upper sealing wall 29. The top plate 4 is set on the upper sealing wall 29, and the top plate 4 is pressed onto several upper sealing walls 29. The periphery of the top plate 4 is connected to the inner wall of the corresponding outer wall 25.

[0077] The upper sealing wall 29 effectively seals the water-collecting cavity 23, preventing debris and surface water from falling into it during subsequent construction or use. This ensures that the construction of the roof slab 4 and other components does not negatively impact the buffer waterproof layer 24 on the inner wall of the water-collecting cavity 23. Secondly, the upper sealing wall 29 acts as a horizontal tie beam at the top, firmly connecting the upper ends of the outer wall 25, inner wall 26, and reinforcing wall 28, further enhancing the stability of the side wall 2 structure. Furthermore, the positioning design of the upper sealing wall 29 and the roof slab 4 together creates an efficient load transfer path, evenly distributing the vertical load on the roof slab 4 to the side walls 2. This fully utilizes the synergistic load-bearing capacity of the side walls 2, avoids stress concentration, and improves the overall structural safety. Moreover, the outer wall 25 directly seals the joint between the roof slab 4 and the upper sealing wall 29, further enhancing the waterproofing performance of the waterproof structure.

[0078] Reference Figure 3 In this embodiment, an outer wall waterproof layer 21 is provided on the outer side of the outer wall 25, an inner wall waterproof layer 22 is provided on the inner side of the inner wall 26, and a top waterproof layer 41 is provided on the top side of the top plate 4. With the cooperation of the outer wall waterproof layer 21, the top waterproof layer 41, the inner wall waterproof layer 22, and the seepage prevention layer 12, the interior space 3 can be covered in every direction, thereby preventing high-salt groundwater from seeping into the interior space 3.

[0079] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 4In this embodiment, buffer waterproof layers 24 are provided on the inner side wall of the outer wall 25, the upper side wall of the connecting wall 27, the outer side wall of the inner wall 26, and the opposite side walls of the reinforcing wall 28. This ensures that the inner walls around the water-collecting cavity 23 and the inner walls at the bottom are covered with buffer waterproof layers 24.

[0080] Based on the design of several buffer waterproof layers 24, the water-collecting cavity 23 forms a water-collecting inner liner, which enables the water-collecting cavity 23 to collect the high-salt groundwater that seeps into the side wall 2. Thus, under the action of the buffer waterproof layers 24, the high-salt groundwater that seeps into the water-collecting cavity 23 can be prevented from further penetrating into the inner wall 26.

[0081] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 5 Several drainage pipes 5 are pre-embedded in the inner wall 26. The length of the drainage pipes 5 is along the thickness of the inner wall 26, and the drainage pipes 5 penetrate the inner wall 26 along their own length. The drainage pipes 5 are arranged one-to-one with the water collection cavities 23. One end of the drainage pipe 5 is connected to the corresponding water collection cavity 23, and the other end extends into the indoor space 3.

[0082] Under the action of the drainage pipe 5, the drainage pipe 5 is connected to the corresponding water-collecting cavity 23, so the drainage pipe 5 can actively discharge the high-salt groundwater collected in the corresponding water-collecting cavity 23. On the one hand, the discharged high-salt groundwater can serve as an indicator signal for water seepage in the outer wall 25; on the other hand, discharging the high-salt groundwater can reduce the further penetration of the high-salt groundwater into the inner wall 26, thereby extending the service life of the inner wall 26 and ensuring the stability of the waterproof structure.

[0083] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 4 In this embodiment, the drain pipe 5 is connected to the bottom of the corresponding water-collecting cavity 23. This reduces water accumulation inside the water-collecting cavity 23 and avoids long-term soaking and water quality deterioration caused by water retention.

[0084] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 5 A sealing cap 51 is provided at one end of the drain pipe 5. The sealing cap 51 seals the drain pipe 5. The sealing cap 51 is detachably connected to the drain pipe 5 and is located inside the indoor space 3. In this embodiment, the sealing cap 51 is screwed to the drain pipe 5.

[0085] In daily use, the sealing cap 51 prevents indoor moisture, dust, or foreign objects from entering the drain pipe 5. During routine inspections, the sealing cap 51 can be removed to facilitate leak checks and unclogging of the drain pipe 5.

[0086] The implementation principle of this application embodiment is as follows: when the outer wall waterproof layer 21 on the outer wall 25 is damaged, causing high-salt groundwater to seep into the outer wall 25, the high-salt groundwater continues to seep into the outer wall 25. At this time, the buffer waterproof layer 24 on the inner wall of the water-collecting cavity 23 has a secondary waterproof function, thereby blocking the further infiltration of high-salt groundwater.

[0087] Subsequently, when the buffer waterproof layer 24 is damaged, causing high-salt groundwater to seep out of the outer wall 25 and converge into the water-collecting cavity 23, the buffer waterproof layer 24 covers both the inner walls on the periphery and the inner wall at the bottom of the water-collecting cavity 23. This allows the high-salt groundwater to be collected and prevents further infiltration. During routine inspections, the water in the water-collecting cavity 23 is discharged through the corresponding drain pipe 5, preventing further infiltration of the high-salt groundwater into the inner wall 26 and facilitating timely detection of any leakage in the outer wall 25.

[0088] Since there are several water-collecting cavities 23 arranged in sequence, when high-salt groundwater is discharged from the corresponding drainage pipe 5 in one water-collecting cavity 23, it can be determined that the outer wall 25 at the location of the corresponding water-collecting cavity 23 is leaking. Therefore, the location of the leak can be determined in time, which facilitates the repair of the leak location.

[0089] Example 3: A rigid composite waterproof structure suitable for high-salt environments, referring to... Figure 6 and Figure 7 The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 2 is that it also includes several water absorption mechanisms 6, which are arranged one-to-one with the water collection cavities 23, and the water absorption mechanisms 6 are located in the corresponding water collection cavities 23.

[0090] Reference Figure 6 and Figure 7 The water absorption mechanism 6 includes a support frame 61, which is provided in a one-to-one correspondence with the water collection cavity 23. The support frame 61 is vertically installed in the corresponding water collection cavity 23, and a one-way seepage sleeve 62 is sleeved on the outside of the support frame 61.

[0091] The water absorption mechanism 6, through the cooperative design of the support frame 61 and the one-way seepage sleeve 62, allows the high-salt groundwater that seeps into the corresponding water-gathering cavity 23 to pass through the one-way seepage sleeve 62 and enter the support frame 61. This reduces the retention of high-salt groundwater in the water-gathering cavity 23, thereby reducing the erosion of the inner wall of the water-gathering cavity 23 by high-salt groundwater.

[0092] Reference Figure 7 and Figure 8The support frame 61 is provided with support steel mesh 611 on all sides, and the support steel mesh 611 is detachably connected to the support frame 61. The one-way permeable sleeve 62 includes a plurality of one-way permeable membranes 621, and the support steel mesh 611 and the one-way permeable membrane 621 are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence, and the one-way permeable membrane 621 covers the corresponding support steel mesh 611, and the one-way permeable membrane 621 seals the corresponding support steel mesh 611.

[0093] Based on the coordinated design of several supporting steel meshes 611, since the supporting steel meshes 611 can support the unidirectional permeable membrane 621, the several unidirectional permeable membranes 621 can be spliced ​​together to form a unidirectional permeable sleeve 62. This makes the several supporting steel meshes 611 form the skeleton supporting the unidirectional permeable sleeve 62, effectively preventing the unidirectional permeable sleeve 62 from deforming or breaking under high water pressure or external extrusion, ensuring its long-term effective working state and filtration / permeation area.

[0094] Reference Figure 8 The unidirectional permeable membrane 621 comprises a filter membrane layer, a semi-permeable membrane layer, and a reinforcing mesh layer stacked sequentially. The filter membrane layer is located on the side of the semi-permeable membrane layer away from the supporting frame 61, and the reinforcing mesh layer is located on the side of the semi-permeable membrane layer facing the supporting frame 61. The filter membrane layer is made of non-woven geotextile or polyester fiber felt, the semi-permeable membrane layer is made of composite polyamide reverse osmosis membrane or cellulose acetate membrane, and the reinforcing mesh layer is made of stainless steel wire mesh or high-strength glass fiber mesh.

[0095] Based on the structural design of the unidirectional permeable membrane 621, firstly, the filter membrane layer is used to intercept particulate impurities in the water, preventing these impurities from affecting the semi-permeable membrane layer. Then, the semi-permeable membrane layer enables unidirectional water permeation, ensuring that water can pass through the semi-permeable membrane into the corresponding support frame 61, while preventing water within the support frame 61 from flowing back through the semi-permeable membrane. Finally, the reinforcing mesh layer provides structural support for the unidirectional permeable membrane 621, ensuring its stability.

[0096] Reference Figure 6 and Figure 8 The support frame 61 is filled with a high-salt medium layer 63.

[0097] Specifically, the high-salt medium layer 63 is preferably high-purity industrial salt. When the high-purity industrial salt is placed inside the support frame 61, after the high-salt groundwater seeps into the water-collecting cavity 23, the water in the water-collecting cavity 23 will be drawn into the support frame 61 under the action of osmotic pressure, and the reverse osmosis of water will be greatly inhibited, thereby realizing the efficient water collection and control function.

[0098] Reference Figure 8 and Figure 9A connecting tube 612 is provided at the bottom of the support frame 61. The connecting tube 612 is embedded in the corresponding support steel mesh 611, and one end of the connecting tube 612 is connected to the support frame 61, while the other end extends downward at an angle toward the inner wall 26.

[0099] Reference Figure 9 Each connecting tube 612 and drain pipe 5 is configured in a one-to-one correspondence. One end of the drain pipe 5 is coaxially and detachably connected to the end of the corresponding connecting tube 612 facing the inner wall 26. In this embodiment, the drain pipe 5 and the corresponding connecting tube 612 are screwed together.

[0100] The design of the connecting pipe 612 allows the drainage pipe 5 to connect with the support frame 61, facilitating the drainage of high-salt groundwater within the support frame 61. Furthermore, the detachable connection between the drainage pipe 5 and the connecting pipe 612 facilitates the assembly of the drainage pipe 5 and the support frame 61, thereby reducing the complexity of on-site construction.

[0101] Reference Figure 6 and Figure 9 Several through pipes 64 are pre-embedded in the inner wall 26. The through pipes 64 are connected to the water collection cavity 23, and one end of the through pipe 64 is connected to the corresponding water collection cavity 23, while the other end is connected to the indoor space 3. The drain pipe 5 is installed in a one-to-one correspondence with the through pipe 64, and the drain pipe 5 and the corresponding through pipe 64 are coaxially inserted and connected, and the drain pipe 5 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the corresponding through pipe 64.

[0102] A through pipe 64 is pre-embedded in the inner wall 26 to facilitate the insertion of the drain pipe 5 into the water-collecting cavity 23, thereby facilitating the connection between the drain pipe 5 and the corresponding connecting pipe 612. After the drain pipe 5 and the corresponding connecting pipe 612 are installed stably, sealant is applied or a sealing ring is installed between the drain pipe 5 and the corresponding through pipe 64 to ensure the airtightness of the inner wall 26.

[0103] Reference Figure 6 and Figure 9 The water-collecting cavity 23 is filled with a water-conducting particle layer 65, and the supporting frame 61 is located within the water-conducting particle layer 65. The water-conducting particle layer 65 fills the space between the inner wall of the corresponding water-collecting cavity 23 and the unidirectional permeable membrane 621 on the corresponding supporting frame 61. The water-conducting particle layer 65 is made of crushed stone or ceramsite.

[0104] On the one hand, due to the numerous interconnected voids between the granular materials, water-conducting channels can be formed within the water-conducting granular layer 65. Therefore, when high-salt groundwater infiltrates to the inner wall of the water-collecting cavity 23, the infiltrated high-salt groundwater will flow along the water-conducting channels to the supporting frame 61 and enter the supporting frame 61 under the action of osmotic pressure. This can prevent high-salt groundwater from accumulating between the inner wall of the water-collecting cavity 23 and the outer wall of the supporting frame 61, thereby reducing the erosion of the buffer waterproof layer 24. On the other hand, the water-conducting granular layer 65 can completely wrap around and fix the supporting frame 61 in the center of the water-collecting cavity 23, providing uniform lateral support for the supporting frame 61 and effectively preventing it from shifting or tipping over during installation or long-term use.

[0105] The implementation principle of this embodiment is as follows: A support frame 61 is added inside the water-collecting cavity 23. When high-salt groundwater seeps into the water-collecting cavity 23, the water-conducting channels inside the water-conducting particle layer 65 will quickly guide the high-salt groundwater to the support frame 61. At this time, due to the presence of the high-salt medium layer 63 inside the support frame 61, water outside the support frame 61 will be quickly drawn into the support frame 61 based on the principle of osmotic pressure. Under the action of the one-way permeable membrane 621, the high-salt groundwater is sealed inside the support frame 61, and the high-salt groundwater settles to the bottom of the support frame 61 under its own gravity. During routine inspections, after opening the drain pipe 5, the water inside the support frame 61 will be discharged from the drain pipe 5.

[0106] Under the action of the support frame 61, the water that seeps into the water-collecting cavity 23 will be drawn into the support frame 61, thereby reducing the erosion of the buffer waterproof layer 24 on the inner wall of the water-collecting cavity 23 by high-salt groundwater and improving the service life of the waterproof structure.

[0107] Example 4: A rigid composite waterproof structure suitable for high-salt environments, referring to... Figure 10 and Figure 11 The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 3 is that it also includes a seepage prevention intelligent monitoring mechanism 7. The seepage prevention intelligent monitoring mechanism 7 includes a seepage prevention monitor 71, several humidity sensors 72 and several salinity sensors 73. The humidity sensors 72 and several salinity sensors 73 are electrically connected to the seepage prevention monitor 71. The humidity sensors 72 and the salinity sensors 73 are respectively set to correspond one-to-one with the sealing caps 51. The humidity sensors 72 and the salinity sensors 73 are respectively set on the corresponding sealing caps 51. The detection ends of the humidity sensors 72 and the salinity sensors 73 extend into the corresponding drainage pipes 5.

[0108] The seepage prevention intelligent monitoring mechanism 7 utilizes a combination of a humidity sensor 72, a salinity sensor 73, and a seepage prevention monitor 71. The humidity sensor 72 detects the humidity inside the drainage pipe 5, thereby determining whether there is water inside the support frame 61 and whether the side wall 2 is leaking. The salinity sensor 73 detects the salt content in the water inside the drainage pipe 5, thus determining whether the high-salt medium layer 63 has failed. When the high-salt medium layer 63 is effective, the salt content in the water remains stable at its maximum value; when the high-salt medium layer 63 fails, the salt content in the water will significantly decrease. The seepage prevention monitor 71 uses a PLC as the controller and employs a buzzer, audible and visual alarm, or display screen for real-time feedback of the detection results.

[0109] Reference Figure 9 and Figure 10 The drain pipe 5 is inclined in the vertical direction. The upper end of the drain pipe 5 is coaxially connected to the corresponding connecting pipe 612, and the lower end of the drain pipe 5 is detachably connected to the corresponding sealing cap 51.

[0110] The inclined design of the drain pipe 5 allows water within the support frame 61 to converge at its lower end. This design serves two purposes: firstly, it facilitates water convergence to the detection areas of the humidity sensor 72 and salinity sensor 73, thereby improving the sensitivity and response speed of the intelligent seepage prevention monitoring mechanism 7 and ensuring that even early, minor leaks can be detected; secondly, it facilitates the drainage and complete removal of water from the support frame 61.

[0111] The implementation principle of this embodiment is as follows: the anti-seepage intelligent monitoring mechanism 7 can detect whether there is water in the drainage pipe 5 through the humidity sensor 72, thereby monitoring whether the outer wall 25 is leaking. With the cooperation of several humidity sensors 72, the entire side wall 2 can be monitored in real time, thus facilitating the timely detection of the leakage location of the side wall 2.

[0112] The embodiments described in this specific implementation are preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Identical components are represented by the same reference numerals. Therefore, all equivalent changes made to the structure, shape, and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A rigid composite waterproof structure suitable for high-salt environments, characterized in that, include: A base plate (1) is provided with a plurality of side walls (2), the side walls (2) are vertically arranged, and an interior space (3) is formed between the base plate (1) and the plurality of side walls (2). A water-gathering cavity (23) is provided inside the side wall (2), and a plurality of the water-gathering cavities (23) are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the side wall (2); The outer wall of the side wall (2) is provided with an outer wall waterproof layer (21), the inner wall of the side wall (2) is provided with an inner wall waterproof layer (22), and the inner wall of the water-collecting cavity (23) is provided with a buffer waterproof layer (24).

2. The rigid composite waterproof structure suitable for high-salt environments according to claim 1, characterized in that, A concrete cushion layer (11) is provided below the base plate (1), and a seepage-proof layer (12) is provided on the concrete cushion layer (11). The base plate (1) is poured on the seepage-proof layer (12), and the external wall waterproof layer (21) overlaps with the seepage-proof layer (12).

3. A rigid composite waterproof structure suitable for high-salt environments according to claim 1, characterized in that, Several drainage pipes (5) are pre-embedded in the side wall (2). The drainage pipes (5) are arranged one-to-one with the water collection cavity (23). One end of the drainage pipe (5) is connected to the corresponding water collection cavity (23), and the other end extends into the indoor space (3).

4. A rigid composite waterproof structure suitable for high-salt environments according to claim 3, characterized in that, The drain pipe (5) is detachably equipped with a sealing cap (51) at one end, the sealing cap (51) closes the drain pipe (5), and the sealing cap (51) is located in the indoor space (3).

5. A rigid composite waterproof structure suitable for high-salt environments according to claim 4, characterized in that, It also includes a seepage prevention monitor (71) and several humidity sensors (72), all of which are electrically connected to the seepage prevention monitor (71). The humidity sensors (72) are set one-to-one with the drainage pipes (5), and the detection end of the humidity sensor (72) is located inside the corresponding drainage pipe (5).

6. A rigid composite waterproof structure suitable for high-salt environments according to claim 5, characterized in that, The humidity sensor (72) is disposed on the corresponding sealing cover (51); The drain pipe (5) is inclined in the vertical direction. The upper end of the drain pipe (5) is connected to the corresponding water-collecting cavity (23), and the lower end is detachably connected to the corresponding sealing cover (51).

7. A rigid composite waterproof structure suitable for high-salt environments according to claim 3, characterized in that, It also includes a water absorption mechanism (6), which includes a support frame (61). The support frame (61) is provided in a one-to-one correspondence with the water collection cavity (23), and the support frame (61) is located in the corresponding water collection cavity (23). The support frame (61) is fitted with a one-way permeable sleeve (62) on the outside, and the support frame (61) is filled with a high-salt medium layer (63). The drain pipe (5) is connected to the corresponding support frame (61).

8. A rigid composite waterproof structure suitable for high-salt environments according to claim 7, characterized in that, The water-collecting cavity (23) is filled with a water-conducting particle layer (65), and the water-conducting particle layer (65) is filled between the inner wall of the water-collecting cavity (23) and the outer wall of the corresponding support frame (61).

9. A rigid composite waterproof structure suitable for high-salt environments according to claim 7, characterized in that, The support frame (61) is provided with a plurality of support steel meshes (611) around its perimeter. Each of the support steel meshes (611) is covered with a one-way permeable membrane (621). The plurality of support steel meshes (611) are detachably connected to the support frame (61), and the plurality of one-way permeable membranes (621) are spliced ​​together to form the one-way permeable sleeve (62).

10. A construction process for a rigid composite waterproof structure suitable for high-salt environments, used in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Excavation of the foundation pit and construction of the concrete cushion layer (11); The base slab (1) is poured on the concrete cushion layer (11); A side wall (2) is cast on the base plate (1), and a water-collecting cavity (23) is formed in the side wall (2). An external waterproof layer (21), an internal waterproof layer (22), and a buffer waterproof layer (24) are installed on the side wall (2).

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