Application of nano silicon dioxide in relieving rice temperature rise stress

Abstract

According to the application of the nano silicon dioxide in relieving rice temperature rise stress, the nano silicon dioxide has a relieving effect on rice growth damage caused by high environment temperature. According to the method, the nano silicon dioxide is used for relieving the temperature rise stress of rice, a new method is provided for crops to cope with the temperature rise stress, the yield loss caused by the temperature rise stress can be remarkably reversed by spraying the nano silicon dioxide on the leaf surfaces in the tillering stage and the jointing stage, and experiments prove that the yield is improved by 34% compared with that of an untreated high-temperature group.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural planting technology, specifically relating to the application of nano-silica in alleviating temperature stress in rice. Background Technology

[0002] Climate change has become a major challenge threatening global food security. The IPCC Sixth Assessment Report shows that by the end of this century, global average temperatures are projected to rise by 1.4-4.4°C under various emission scenarios. Rice, as one of the world's most important food crops, is extremely sensitive to temperature changes. Global warming has led to frequent extreme heat events. During the rice heading stage, when temperatures reach or exceed 35°C for three consecutive days or more, the grain filling rate of rice decreases significantly. Rice is highly sensitive to heat stress during its growth period. Applying nitrogen fertilizer is a common practice to mitigate the impact of heat stress on rice, and in the short term, it can indeed alleviate some of the negative effects of heat stress. However, this method has serious drawbacks. Every ton of nitrogen fertilizer releases 29.8 kg of nitrous oxide (N2O), equivalent to 8880 kg of carbon dioxide (CO2), which undoubtedly further exacerbates the greenhouse effect, leading to accelerated global warming and creating a vicious cycle. It also easily causes soil compaction, affecting the soil's ecological environment and fertility, and damaging the sustainable development of agriculture.

[0003] Rice, a typical silicon-accumulating crop, contains a large amount of silicon in its plants, with a total content exceeding the combined content of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. The silicon content in plant tissues ranges from 0.1% to 10%, with the silicon dioxide content in stems and leaves reaching 10%-20% by dry weight. The application of nanoparticles in agriculture provides a sustainable technological breakthrough for solving the problems of low efficiency and high ecological pressure in traditional agriculture by precisely regulating crop physiology, efficiently utilizing resources, and reducing environmental pollution. Studies have shown that nano-silica (SiO2 NPs) can affect the hormonal balance in plants, such as promoting the synthesis of growth-promoting hormones like auxin and cytokinin, and inhibiting the accumulation of growth-inhibiting hormones like abscisic acid, thereby promoting plant growth. In terms of stress resistance mechanisms, SiO2 NPs can increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes (such as superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase) in plants, enhancing the plant's ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species and reducing the damage of oxidative stress to plant cells. Climate change has posed a severe challenge to rice production due to rising temperature stress (+2°C). Traditional countermeasures have significant shortcomings, and existing technologies also have many limitations and gaps. Furthermore, there is currently no research on using nano-silica to alleviate rice temperature stress (+2°C). Therefore, this study innovatively introduces SiO2 NPs to construct a green stress-resistance solution to address the problem of climate change exacerbating rice temperature stress (+2°C). Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide a method for alleviating the damage of rice caused by rising temperatures using nano-silica, so as to cope with the stress of global warming on rice production.

[0005] The first aspect of the present invention provides the application of nano-silica in alleviating temperature stress in rice, wherein the nano-silica has a mitigating effect on rice growth damage caused by higher ambient temperatures.

[0006] A second aspect of the present invention provides the application of nano-silica in the preparation of formulations to alleviate rice growth damage, wherein the rice growth damage is caused by temperature stress on rice growth due to higher ambient temperatures.

[0007] Furthermore, the higher ambient temperature is at least 2°C higher than the suitable temperature for rice growth.

[0008] The third aspect of this invention provides the application of nano-silica in alleviating temperature stress in rice, by treating rice with nano-silica.

[0009] Furthermore, the specific method for treating rice with nano-silica is as follows: spray nano-silica dispersion onto the front and back of rice leaves until the nano-silica dispersion droplets are covered.

[0010] Furthermore, the spraying dosage of the nano-silica solution is 10 kg / ha.

[0011] Furthermore, the nano-silica alleviates rice temperature stress through at least one of the following pathways: 1)-5):

[0012] 1) Improve the light energy conversion rate of rice;

[0013] 2) Increase rice biomass;

[0014] 3) Increase the number of rice tillers;

[0015] 4) Increase rice yield;

[0016] 5) Increase the rice seed setting rate.

[0017] The fourth invention provides a method for alleviating temperature stress in rice by using nano-silica, which involves spraying nano-silica solution onto the front and back of rice leaves until the nano-silica solution droplets are covered.

[0018] This invention utilizes nano-silica to alleviate temperature stress in rice, providing a new method for crops to cope with temperature stress. By spraying nano-silica on the leaves during the tillering and jointing stages, yield loss caused by temperature stress can be significantly reversed. Experiments have shown that the yield is 34% higher than that of the untreated high-temperature group. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a diagram showing the heating effect of the FACE platform used in the experiments of this invention.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of the nano-silica used in this invention;

[0021] Figure 3 The zeta potential of the nano-silica used in this invention;

[0022] Figure 4 The fluid dynamic diameter fitting curve of the nano-silica used in this invention;

[0023] Figure 5 The figure shows the chlorophyll fluorescence parameter Fv / Fm of rice leaves sprayed with nano-silica in the examples and comparative examples; this figure is used to visually demonstrate the effect of foliar spraying of nano-silica on alleviating the decrease in light energy conversion efficiency (Fv / Fm) of rice under temperature stress (+2℃) (corresponding to pathway 1 in claim 7).

[0024] Figure 6 The figure shows the aboveground biomass and tiller number of rice plants foliar sprayed with nano-silica in the examples and control examples; this figure is used to visually demonstrate the effect of foliar spraying of nano-silica on alleviating the decrease in rice biomass (corresponding to pathway 2 in claim 7) and tiller number (corresponding to pathway 3 in claim 7) under temperature stress (+2℃).

[0025] Figure 7 The figure shows the yield, thousand-grain weight, and seed setting rate of rice foliar spraying with nano-silica in the examples and comparative examples. This figure is used to visually demonstrate the effect of foliar spraying with nano-silica on alleviating the decrease in rice yield (corresponding to pathway 4 in claim 7) and seed setting rate (corresponding to pathway 5 in claim 7) under temperature stress (+2°C), and to show the effect on thousand-grain weight.

[0026] Figure 8 The figure shows a comparison of ten grains per spike treated with TCK and TSi. This figure is used to visually demonstrate the effect of foliar spraying of nano-silica on improving the grain setting rate of rice under temperature stress (+2℃) (corresponding to pathway 5 in claim 7). Detailed Implementation

[0027] The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments in order to better understand the technical solution.

[0028] Experimental materials: The rice variety was "Ningxiangjing", provided by Nanjing Institute of Soil Science; the nano silica dispersion (SiO2NPs) was purchased from Hangzhou Yunjie Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; the experimental heating operation relied on the Free-Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) space experiment platform of Nanjing Institute of Soil Science.

[0029] Experimental Methods: The relevant experiments of this invention were conducted at the Free-Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) space experiment platform of the Nanjing Institute of Soil Science, Jiangning District, Nanjing City. Rice seedlings were transplanted to the FACE platform plots after cultivation, with a total lifespan of 120 days. The plant spacing was 15cm, the row spacing was 25cm, and the planting density was 2 seedlings per hole. -1 Planting density is 24 holes per m² -2 Weed control, fertilization, irrigation, and pest and disease control in the experimental area were consistent with local agronomic practices.

[0030] The effects of FACE platform heating treatment on water temperature and canopy temperature, such as Figure 1 As shown, ( Figure 1 Cited from Cai, C.; Yin, X.; Song, L.; Zhou, W.; Gu, X.; Yang, X.; Zhu, X.-G.; Zhu, C., Integrated photosynthesis during fluctuating irradiance is correlated with steady-state photosynthesis for rice grown in field environments with elevated CO2 and temperature. Journal of Experimental Botany 2025, eraf179.) Specifically, it includes: (a) an aerial view of the T-FACE system; (b) the environmental CO2 test area (temperature control facilities are circled in red); (c) thermal images of the elevated sub-region (CT+) and the control sub-region (CT) within the environmental CO2 area; and (d) temperature change curves for the CT+ and CT sub-regions. This figure is used to illustrate that the temperature stress (+2°C) experimental environment of this invention is reliable and controllable.

[0031] SEM images of nano-silica are as follows: Figure 2 As shown, this diagram illustrates the morphological characteristics of nano-silica. The Zeta potential diagram is shown below. Figure 3 As shown, this is used to characterize the stability of the nano-silica dispersion. The hydrodynamic diameter fitting curve of the nano-silica is shown in the figure. Figure 4 As shown in the figure, this figure is used to illustrate the particle size distribution of nano-silica particles in an aqueous dispersion.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] When the rice reaches the tillering and jointing stages, apply a foliar spray at a rate of 10 kg / ha to a 0.5 m² area. -2 The rice leaves were sprayed with the nano-silica dispersion, which was then mixed with 0.1% Tween-80.

[0034] As shown in Table 1, the experiment included four treatments (CK was the control, CKSi was normal growth plus foliar spraying with nano-silica, TCK was the heating treatment, and TSi was the heating treatment plus foliar spraying with nano-silica). Each treatment was repeated three times, resulting in a total of 12 treatment plots. The experimental treatments are shown in Table 1.

[0035] Table 1: Experimental Treatment

[0036]

[0037] Data Processing: All results of this invention were statistically analyzed using SPSS 16.0 software. The Duncan's method was used to perform multiple comparisons of the means to test for significant differences between data processing methods. Membership functions were calculated using Microsoft Excel and GraphPad Prism 9, and tables and graphs were created. A p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. All data in the graphs and tables represent the mean ± standard deviation.

[0038] Example 2

[0039] This embodiment demonstrates that rice under temperature stress (+2°C) can improve the light energy conversion efficiency of rice by foliar spraying with nano-silica. Figure 5 As shown.

[0040] The specific steps are as follows: When rice is subjected to temperature stress (+2℃), its photosynthetic system will be affected. When the rice grows to the heading stage, the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of leaves from 3 rice plants in each treatment plot are measured using a chlorophyll fluorometer.

[0041] The statistical results are shown in Table 2. Compared with the control group (CK), the Fv / Fm ratio of the TCK treatment group was significantly reduced. Compared with the TCK treatment group, the maximum photosynthetic efficiency Fv / Fm of the TSi treatment group was significantly increased.

[0042] Table 2: Effects of foliar spraying of nano-silica on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of rice leaves

[0043]

[0044] The above results indicate that temperature stress (+2℃) reduces the light energy conversion efficiency of rice and damages PSII, while foliar spraying of nano-silica can alleviate this damage and improve the light energy conversion efficiency (Fv / Fm).

[0045] Example 3

[0046] This embodiment demonstrates that foliar application of nano-silica to rice under temperature stress (+2°C) proves that nano-silica can increase rice tillering and biomass. Results are as follows: Figure 6 As shown.

[0047] The specific steps are as follows: During the rice harvest season, randomly select 10 rice plants to determine the number of tillers in each plant, and harvest 0.5m of rice using a sickle. -2 The above-ground parts of the rice were brought back to the laboratory and their fresh biomass was measured.

[0048] The statistical results are shown in Table 3. Compared with the control (CK), the number of tillers and the aboveground biomass of the TCK group were significantly reduced, indicating that the temperature stress (+2℃) severely affected the tillering and aboveground biomass accumulation of rice. In contrast, the number of tillers and the aboveground biomass of the TSi group were significantly increased, suggesting that foliar spraying of nano-silica can alleviate the temperature stress (+2℃) on rice, improve tillering and biomass accumulation, and promote rice growth.

[0049] Table 3 Effects of foliar spraying of nano-silica on tiller number and aboveground biomass of rice.

[0050]

[0051] The results indicate that under temperature stress (+2℃), the number of tillers and the aboveground biomass of rice decreased significantly, while foliar spraying of nano-silica could alleviate the temperature stress (+2℃) on rice and significantly increase the number of tillers and the aboveground biomass.

[0052] Example 4

[0053] This embodiment demonstrates that foliar application of nano-silica to rice under temperature stress (+2°C) can improve rice yield, thousand-grain weight, and seed setting rate. Results are as follows: Figure 7 As shown. The ten-grain pairs treated with TCK and TSi are compared. Figure 8 As shown.

[0054] The specific steps are as follows: During the rice harvest season, cut 0.5m sections with scissors. -2 Rice grains were taken back to the laboratory, air-dried, and their thousand-grain weight was determined. Ten panicles of rice were randomly collected to determine the grain filling rate. The harvested 0.5m... -2 After the rice grains are air-dried, the yield is measured and calculated to t·ha. -1 .

[0055] The statistical results are shown in Table 4. Compared with the control (CK), the thousand-grain weight of the TCK treatment group decreased significantly by 6.40%, while the TSi treatment group increased by 0.69% compared with the TCK group. Although the seed setting rate was not significant, the TCK group decreased by 0.905% compared with the CK group, while the TSi treatment increased the seed setting rate by 4.83% compared with the TCK treatment. Temperature stress (+2℃) significantly reduced rice yield, with the TCK group decreasing by 40.60% compared with the CK group, while the TSi treatment increased the yield by 34.33% compared with the TCK group.

[0056] Table 4. Effects of foliar spraying of nano-silica on thousand-grain weight, seed setting rate, and yield of rice.

[0057]

[0058] The above results indicate that temperature stress (+2℃) reduces the thousand-grain weight, seed setting rate, and yield of rice, while foliar spraying with nano-silica can improve the thousand-grain weight, seed setting rate, and yield.

Claims

1. The application of nano-silica in alleviating temperature stress in rice, characterized in that, The nano-silica has a mitigating effect on rice growth damage caused by high ambient temperatures.

2. The application of nano-silica in the preparation of agents to alleviate rice growth damage, characterized in that, The rice growth impairment was caused by temperature stress due to higher ambient temperatures.

3. The application as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that... The higher ambient temperature is at least 2°C higher than the suitable temperature for rice growth.

4. The application as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Rice was treated with nano-silica.

5. The application as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The specific method for treating rice with nano-silica is as follows: spray nano-silica dispersion onto the front and back of rice leaves until the nano-silica dispersion droplets are covered.

6. The application as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The dosage of the nano-silica solution applied is 10 kg / ha.

7. The application as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The nano-silica alleviates rice temperature stress through at least one of the following pathways: 1)-5): 1) Improve the light energy conversion rate of rice; 2) Increase rice biomass; 3) Increase the number of rice tillers; 4) Increase rice yield; 5) Increase the rice seed setting rate.

8. A method for alleviating temperature stress in rice using nano-silica, characterized in that, During the tillering and jointing stages of rice growth, spray nano-silica solution onto the front and back of rice leaves until the nano-silica solution droplets are covered.

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