Energy-saving construction method for house building

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of building construction, and particularly discloses a house building energy-saving construction method which comprises the following steps: 1) dividing a building structure into three engineering types of wall engineering, door and window engineering and roof engineering; (2) energy-saving measures are designed for the three types respectively; 2.1) constructing a thermal insulation layer by adopting thermal insulation mortar containing vitrified micro bubbles in wall engineering; (2.2) a door and window project adopts a composite sealing structure; 2.3) a layered energy-saving structure is adopted in roof engineering; and 3) aiming at the design of energy-saving measures, respectively carrying out energy-saving construction of the three types of projects. According to the invention, energy-saving measures are specifically provided from the three aspects of walls, doors, windows and roofs of the house to realize energy conservation of the house building, so that the energy-saving and environment-friendly effects of low resource consumption, high performance and quality, reduction of environmental pollution, prolonging of service life, recycling and reduction of emission of greenhouse gases such as CO2 are realized, and considerable economic and social benefits are achieved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of building construction, in particular to a house building energy-saving construction method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Building energy saving is beneficial to fundamentally promote energy resource conservation and rational utilization, alleviate the contradiction between energy resource supply and economic and social development in China, accelerate the development of circular economy, realize the sustainable development of economic society, long-term guarantee national energy security, protect the environment and improve the quality of people's life. Building design is one of the most important links.

[0003] Building energy saving is the sum of energy saving of each link in the whole life cycle of building. It refers to that in the process of site selection, planning, design, construction and use of building, through reasonable planning and design, using energy-saving building materials, products and equipment, implementing building energy saving standard, strengthening the operation management of building energy saving equipment, reasonably designing the thermal performance of building envelope structure, improving the operation efficiency of heating, refrigeration, lighting, ventilation, water supply and drainage and pipeline system, and using renewable energy, the building energy consumption is reduced under the premise of ensuring the building use function and indoor thermal environment quality, and the energy is reasonably and effectively used. If the design standard with lower energy saving level is continued to be implemented, heavy energy consumption burden and treatment difficulty will be left. The huge building energy consumption has become a huge burden of national economy, so the comprehensive energy saving of building industry is imperative. SUMMARY

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to provide a house building energy-saving construction method which can provide energy-saving measures from the aspects of wall, door and window and roof of the house.

[0005] The present application is realized by the following technical scheme: a house building energy-saving construction method, comprising the following steps: (1) dividing the building structure into three engineering categories of wall engineering, door and window engineering and roof engineering; (2) designing energy-saving measures for the three categories respectively; (2.1) adopting heat preservation layer of heat insulation mortar containing vitrified microbeads for wall engineering; (2.2) adopting the composite sealing structure of fixed piece installation, elastic material joint sealing and sealant sealing for door and window engineering; (2.3) adopting the layered energy-saving structure of light aggregate concrete slope layer, SBS polymer modified bitumen waterproof coiled material layer and extruded plate heat preservation layer for roof engineering; (3) performing energy-saving construction of the three types of engineering according to the design of energy-saving measures.

[0006] Further, the dry density of the thermal insulation mortar containing the vitrified microbead in the wall engineering in the step (2) is not more than 300 kg / m3, and the thermal conductivity is not more than 0.07 W / (m.K).

[0007] Further, the energy-saving construction process for the wall engineering in the step (3) is: (3.1.1) construction preparation; (3.1.2) configuration of the thermal insulation mortar containing the vitrified microbead; (3.1.3) construction of the thermal insulation layer using the thermal insulation mortar containing the vitrified microbead; (3.1.4) protection of the thermal insulation layer.

[0008] Further, the construction preparation in the step (3.1.1) comprises: (3.1.1.1) the base wall has been constructed and is accepted; (3.1.1.2) the wall surface is cleaned of floating dust, oil stains, release agents and wall corner sundries before construction, so that the construction operation surface is clean, and the water content of the wall surface is not more than 10%; (3.1.1.3) the surface flatness and perpendicularity of the base wall surface, the four corners of the outer wall, the hole opening and the like should meet the requirements that the surface flatness error is not more than 4 mm / 2 m, and the perpendicularity error is not more than 3 mm / 2 m; (3.1.1.4) the thickness control line is drawn at the wall corner, the balcony rail plate and the like according to the vertical and horizontal directions; (3.1.1.5) the standard thickness mortar cake and the reinforcing rib are made according to the thickness control line, the mortar cake size is 50 mm*50 mm, the horizontal interval is 1.5-2 m, and the vertical interval is 1.2-1.5 m; (3.1.1.6) the wall base surface should be clean and moist, the moist standard is that there is no accumulated water on the wall surface after watering, and the wall surface has a moist feeling when touched by hand; (3.1.1.7) the weather should be no rain and snow, and the wind force should be not more than the fourth level during the construction stage, rain day construction is strictly prohibited, and rain period construction should be well prepared for rainproof measures; (3.1.1.8) the air temperature should be above 5 DEG C during the construction, and the construction should not be carried out above the fifth level wind.

[0009] Further, the specific process of the step (3.1.2) of configuring the thermal insulation mortar containing the vitrified microbead is: (3.1.2.1) the ordinary portland cement 30-40 parts, the vitrified microbead 20-30 parts, the nano silicon dioxide 0.5-1 part, the hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose 0.2-0.5 part and the water 18-25 parts are weighed according to the weight ratio; (3.1.2.2) first cement, glazed hollow bead, nano silica dry mixing 2~3 minutes to uniform, then add hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and water, stirring 5~7 minutes to form a uniform slurry; (3.1.2.3) prepared modified insulation mortar must be used within 1.5 hours, after the time needs to be detected consistency, if the consistency is greater than 80mm is discarded.

[0010] In order to better realize the method of the application, further, the specific process of using the heat-insulating and heat-preserving mortar containing the glazed hollow bead to construct the heat-preserving layer in the step (3.1.3) is: (3.1.3.1) check and clean the wall surface and the outer wall head corner, and ensure that there is no dust and hollow drum; (3.1.3.2) evenly and densely apply the mixed heat-preserving mortar on the base layer, before the powder application construction, use a board with a width of 20mm~30mm as the trowel reinforcement to ensure the thickness accuracy, the thickness of the powder application is 2mm~3mm higher than that of the reinforcement, and then use a 2m ruler to scrape flat, use the trowel to locally supplement and flatten, and then trowel, compact and flatten; (3.1.3.3) in order to ensure the construction quality of the wall, door and window corners, the cement mortar is used to trowel the powder at the corners, and the troweling width is 100mm~150mm; (3.1.3.4) after the heat-preserving mortar hardens, the acrylic waterproof flexible putty layer is coated and scraped on the surface, the coating and scraping thickness is 2~3mm, and after the putty layer is dried, the outer wall paint can be applied.

[0011] In order to better realize the method of the application, further, the specific content of protecting the heat-preserving layer in the step (3.1.4) is: the heat-insulating and heat-preserving material is strictly prohibited to be damaged by other trades such as water and electricity installation, outer wall decoration and the like, the heat-insulating and heat-preserving waterproof layer should be prevented from being drenched, water-washed, impacted and vibrated before drying to ensure that the compressive strength of the adhesive layer is greater than or equal to 0.3MPa; when the outer scaffold is dismantled, the scaffold pipe fittings should be manually transferred to avoid the pipe fittings from colliding with the wall surface, and the wall surface collision damage should be repaired in time after the dismantling.

[0012] In order to better realize the method of the application, further, the energy-saving construction process for the door and window project in the step (3) is: (3.2.1) line marking and positioning; (3.2.1.1) according to the top door and window edge line, use the plummet or the theodolite to lead the door and window edge line downward, and mark the line at each layer of the door and window opening, and the individual not straight opening edge should be chiseled and processed; according to the door and window installation position, size and elevation in the design drawing, the door and window edge line is measured according to the door and window center line; (3.2.1.2) The horizontal position of the door and window should be checked on the floor indoors, and the elevation of the window sill should be measured by turning the leveling line upward by 50 cm. The line should be straightened by using a plumb line. The elevation of the window sill should be consistent in the same room, and the elevation of the window sill should also be consistent on each floor. (3.2.2) Install the fixing plate. (3.2.2.1) Check the position of the upper and lower edges of the door and window frame and its inward and outward orientation, and confirm that it is correct before installing the fixing plate. When installing, a high-speed steel drill with a diameter of Φ3.2 should be used to drill holes, and then a galvanized cross-slot end M4x20 self-tapping screw should be screwed in. Direct hammering should be strictly prohibited. (3.2.2.2) The position of the fixing plate should be 150-200 mm away from the door and window corner, the middle vertical frame, and the middle horizontal frame. The spacing between the fixing plates should not be greater than 600 mm. The fixing plate should not be directly installed on the stopper of the middle horizontal frame and the middle vertical frame. (3.2.3) Install the door and window in place. Before installation, draw a center line on the upper and lower edges of the frame, then determine the position of the door and window frame according to the design drawings and the opening direction of the door and window sash, and install the door and window frame into the hole so that the upper and lower center lines are aligned with the hole center line. Measures should be taken to prevent deformation of the door and window during installation. The lower frame of a flat-opening door without a lower frame should be 10 mm lower than the ground elevation line. Then, one of the fixing plates of the lower frame is fixed to the wall, and the levelness, perpendicularity, and straightness of the door frame are adjusted, and temporarily fixed with wooden wedges. When the length of the lower frame is greater than 0.9 m, the middle is also tightly packed with wooden wedges. Then, the perpendicularity, levelness, and straightness are adjusted again. (3.2.4) Fixing of doors and windows. When fixing the door and window to the wall, the upper frame should be fixed first, and then the side frame. The concrete wall hole is fixed with a nail or nylon expansion tube plastic expansion screw. The brick wall hole is fixed with a plastic expansion screw or a cement nail, and should not be fixed on the brick joint. Shooting nails are strictly prohibited on masonry. (3.2.5) Treatment of the gap between the door and window frame and the wall. (3.2.5.1) After the door and window are installed and fixed, the concealed engineering acceptance should be carried out first. (3.2.5.2) The cavity of the expansion joint between the door and window frame and the hole should be filled with closed-cell foam plastic and high-density expanded polystyrene elastic material in layers. The filling should not be too tight, and the filling density should be 80%-90% of the material bulk density. Then, the wooden wedges used for temporary fixation are removed, and the gap is filled with the same material. If the design does not specify the filling material for aluminum alloy doors and windows, mineral wool or glass wool felt strips can be used to fill the gap in layers. For projects with high requirements for thermal and acoustic insulation, appropriate thermal and acoustic insulation materials should be used for filling. (3.2.6) The gap between the inner and outer sides of the door and window opening and the door and window frame is treated; the inner side of the door opening and the door and window frame are filled and smoothed with 1:2.5 cement mortar; when the outer side is plastered, a polyethylene sheet is used to temporarily separate the plaster layer from the door and window frame, the thickness of the sheet is 5mm, and the plaster layer should exceed the width of the door and window frame by 10mm to 15mm, and the thickness does not affect the opening of the door and window leaf; after the outer plaster layer hardens, the sheet is removed, and the gap between the plaster layer and the door and window frame is sealed with silicone sealant; (3.2.7) Installation of the door and window leaf; (3.2.7.1) The door and window leaf should be installed after the plaster layer of the opening wall hardens; (3.2.7.2) After the door and window frame is installed and fixed, the door and window leaf with the glass is installed into the frame, the gap width between the frame and the leaf is adjusted to 2 to 3mm.

[0013] In order to better realize the method of the present application, further, in the step (3.2.5), the expansion joint treatment between the door and window frame and the wall further comprises: (3.2.5.3) A 5 to 8mm wide water guide groove is reserved on the side close to the outdoor side of the expansion joint, the water guide groove is arranged along the circumference of the door and window frame, and a drainage hole is arranged every 1.5 to 2m, the drainage hole is inclined downward by 3° to 5°, and is communicated with the external wall drainage system; when the closed-cell foam plastic is filled, a 2mm gap is reserved on the inner side of the water guide groove, and a water stop strip that expands when encountering water is filled in the gap.

[0014] In order to better realize the method of the present application, further, in the step (3), the energy-saving measures of the roof engineering are: The light aggregate concrete slope layer, the SBS polymer modified bitumen waterproof coiled material layer and the extruded plate thermal insulation layer are sequentially constructed, wherein the thickness of the light aggregate concrete slope layer is 80 to 120mm, the thickness of the SBS polymer modified bitumen waterproof coiled material layer is 3mm, and the thickness of the extruded plate thermal insulation layer is 50 to 80mm.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages and beneficial effects: (1) The thermal insulation mortar adopted in the present application has a lower thermal conductivity than the existing ordinary thermal insulation mortar, and the wall heat transfer coefficient can be reduced to below 0.4W / (m 2 ·K), meeting the energy-saving design requirements in severe cold regions, effectively reducing indoor and outdoor heat exchange, and reducing heating / cooling energy consumption; in addition, the nano silicon dioxide can fill the internal pores of the mortar, optimize the microstructure, and the hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose can improve the adhesion and water retention of the mortar, so that the compressive strength of the adhesive layer is ≥0.3MPa, completely solving the problems of ordinary mortar such as hollowing and cracking, prolonging the service life of the thermal insulation layer to more than 10 years, and reducing the maintenance cost in the later period; (2) The present application realizes the double protection of waterproofing and heat preservation of door and window sealing, greatly reduces heat loss, designs a composite sealing system, effectively reduces the heat loss of the gap between the door and window frame and the wall, and at the same time, clearly installs parameters to ensure installation accuracy and further reduce heat penetration; (3) The present application adds the protection design of water guide groove and water-swelling water stop strip in house building construction, the water guide groove actively drains rainwater through the drainage hole with a spacing of 1.5-2 m, the water stop strip swells to block the small gap when encountering water, and the double protection avoids rainwater from penetrating into the wall; the silicone sealant used has excellent weather resistance, the galvanized fixed sheet has a rust-free service life of more than 15 years, and the overall service life of the door and window sealing structure is prolonged; (4) The present application first realizes rapid drainage through the slope layer, then blocks water through the waterproof layer, and finally realizes high-efficiency heat preservation through the extruded board, the three of which cooperate to avoid the moisture of the heat preservation layer and the damage of the waterproof layer, and the heat transfer coefficient of the roof can be controlled below 0.3 W / (m2·K); and the thickness and construction standard of each layer are clearly defined, the tear resistance of the SBS waterproofing membrane is improved by 20%, the anti-aging ability of the overall roof structure is enhanced, and the service life is prolonged; the parameters of each layer are clear and definite, the construction personnel can directly operate according to the standard, the roof construction quality acceptance rate is improved, and the rework caused by ambiguous parameters is avoided; (5) The present application realizes the energy-saving cooperation of wall, door and window, and roof, the overall energy-saving rate of the building is high, meets the highest national energy-saving standard, and reduces energy consumption compared with existing ordinary energy-saving buildings; the integrated scheme unifies the technical standards of each link, the construction process is clear, the construction period is shortened, the labor cost is reduced, the social benefits are significant, and it can be widely promoted to various housing projects such as residential buildings and public buildings, and has high application value. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] In order to make the purpose, process conditions and advantages of the present application more clear and explicit, the present application is further described in detail in combination with the following embodiment, but the embodiment of the present application is not limited thereto, various substitutions and changes can be made according to ordinary technical knowledge and conventional means in the art without departing from the above technical idea of the present application, which should be included in the scope of the present application, and the specific embodiment described herein is only used to explain the present application and not to limit the present application.

[0017] Embodiment 1: The present embodiment provides a house building energy-saving construction method, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: (1) The building structure is divided into three engineering categories of wall engineering, door and window engineering, and roof engineering; (2.1) The wall engineering adopts heat preservation layer construction of heat preservation mortar containing vitrified microbeads; (2.2) The door and window engineering adopts a composite sealing structure of fixed sheet installation, elastic material filling and sealant sealing; (2.3) Roofing works adopt light aggregate concrete slope layer, SBS polymer modified asphalt waterproofing membrane layer and extruded board thermal insulation layer of layered energy-saving structure; (3) For energy-saving measures, energy-saving construction of three types of projects is carried out respectively.

[0018] Example 2: This embodiment provides energy-saving construction design and specific construction method of wall engineering, as follows: I. Wall lining 1. General requirements (1) The age of the block should be more than 28 days.

[0019] (2) During transportation and handling, the blocks must not be thrown or dumped, and the on-site stacking height should not exceed 2m.

[0020] 2. Quality requirements (1) The blocks should not be mixed with other blocks.

[0021] (2) The thickness and width of the wall mortar joint should be correct. The thickness of the block masonry mortar joint should be 8-12mm.

[0022] (3) When walling, the blocks should be staggered and laid. The block laying length should not be less than 90mm; the vertical joint should not be greater than 2mm.

[0023] 3. Appearance quality inspection (1) The types, specifications, strengths of the materials used in the masonry, and the strength of the mortar, the steel bar specifications, quantity and position of the construction column and ring beam meet the design requirements.

[0024] (2) The blocks are staggered and overlapped, the laying length meets the requirements, and the vertical joint is not greater than 2mm.

[0025] (3) The wall mortar is full, the masonry horizontal mortar joint fullness is ≥80%, for brick masonry, the vertical joint is filled with mortar, and there is no transparent joint, blind joint or false joint.

[0026] II. Thermal insulation mortar 1. Construction preparation (1) The base wall has been constructed and passed the acceptance.

[0027] (2) Remove wall surface dust, oil stains, release agent and wall corner debris before construction to ensure clean construction working surface.

[0028] (3) The surface flatness and perpendicularity of the base wall, outer wall corners, openings and other places should meet the requirements of the relevant construction acceptance specifications.

[0029] (4) According to the vertical and horizontal directions, mark the thickness control line at the corners, balcony railings and other places.

[0030] (5) According to the thickness control line, use thermal insulation mortar as standard thickness mortar and screed, with moderate interval.

[0031] (6) The base layer of the wall should be clean and moist.

[0032] (7) The construction should be carried out on overcast days, and rain is strictly prohibited. Rainy weather should be well prepared for rainproof measures.

[0033] (8) The air temperature during construction should be above 5°C, and construction should not be carried out above five-level wind.

[0034] 2. Construction process Base layer acceptance → clean the base layer (moist wall surface) → thermal insulation layer construction → finish the coating layer.

[0035] 3. Construction method (1) Preparation of thermal insulation mortar According to the weight ratio, take ordinary Portland cement 30-40 parts, vitrified microbeads 20-30 parts, nano-silicon dioxide 0.5-1 parts, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 0.2-0.5 parts, and water 18-25 parts. First, mix the cement, vitrified microbeads, and nano-silicon dioxide dry for 2-3 minutes until uniform, then add hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and water, and stir for 5-7 minutes to form a uniform paste. The prepared modified thermal insulation mortar should be used within 1.5 hours. If the consistency is greater than 80mm, it should be discarded.

[0036] (2) Construction process of thermal insulation mortar layer 1) Check and clean the wall surface and the corner of the outer wall head.

[0037] 2) Apply the mixed thermal insulation mortar evenly and densely on the base layer. Before powdering, use a board (metal strip) of the required thickness as a screed to ensure the thickness is accurate. The thickness of the powdering should be slightly higher than that of the screed, and then use a ruler to scrape it flat, use a trowel to locally supplement and smooth it, and then press it to make it flat and compact.

[0038] 3) To ensure the quality of the construction of the wall, door and window corners, use cement mortar to powder the corners.

[0039] 4) After the thermal insulation mortar hardens (about 48 hours), apply a layer of waterproof flexible putty on the surface, with a thickness of 2-3mm. After it dries, you can apply the exterior wall paint.

[0040] 4. Product protection (1) Do not allow other trades to carry out destructive construction on the thermal insulation material.

[0041] (2) The thermal insulation waterproof layer should be protected from immersion, water impact, impact and vibration before it dries to ensure that the adhesive layer has sufficient strength.

[0042] (3) When the external scaffold is dismantled, attention should be paid to avoid collision with the wall surface.

[0043] Embodiment 3 This embodiment provides the energy-saving construction design and specific construction method for door and window engineering, which are as follows: (1) Scribing and positioning; (1) The door and window edge line is drawn down by using line plummet or theodolite, and the scribed mark is made at the door and window opening of each floor. The edge line of the door and window is measured according to the door and window installation position, size and elevation in the design drawing, and the door and window edge line is measured from the door and window center line to both sides; (2) The horizontal position of the door and window should be adjusted according to the +50cm level line of the floor indoor, and the window under-skin elevation is measured, and the line is found straight. The window under-skin of the same room should be consistent, and the under-skin elevation of each floor should also be consistent; (2) Installation of fixed piece; (1) The position of the door and window frame upper and lower edge and its inside and outside direction are checked, and the fixed piece is installed after confirmation. The diameter of the drill bit used for drilling is Φ3.2, and then the cross slot end self-tapping screw M4×20 is screwed in. Direct hammering is strictly prohibited; (2) The position of the fixed piece should be 150-200mm away from the door and window corner, central frame and middle horizontal frame, and the distance between the fixed pieces should not be greater than 600mm. The fixed piece should not be directly installed on the stopper of the middle horizontal frame and middle vertical frame; (3) Installation of the door and window; Before installation, the center line is scribed on the frame upper and lower edge, and then the position of the door and window frame is determined according to the design drawing and the opening direction of the door and window sash, and the door and window frame is installed into the hole, and the upper and lower center line of the door and window frame is aligned with the hole center line. Measures should be taken to prevent deformation of the door and window during installation. The lower frame of the casement door without lower frame should be 10mm lower than the ground elevation line. Then one fixed piece of the lower frame is fixed on the wall, and the levelness, perpendicularity and right angle of the door frame should be adjusted, and the wood machinery is temporarily fixed. When the length of the lower frame is greater than 0.9m, the middle part is also tightly plugged with wood machinery. Then the perpendicularity, levelness and right angle are adjusted; (4) Fixing of the door and window; When the door and window is fixed to the wall, the upper frame should be fixed first, and then the side frame is fixed. The concrete wall hole is fixed by using shooting nail or plastic expansion screw. The brick wall hole is fixed by using plastic expansion screw or cement nail, and it should not be fixed on the brick joint. Shooting nail is strictly prohibited on the masonry; (5) Treatment of the gap between the door and window frame and the wall; (5.1) After the door and window is installed and fixed, the concealed engineering acceptance should be carried out first; (5.2) The cavity of the expansion joint between the door and window frame and the opening is filled with elastic materials such as closed-cell foam plastic and foamed polystyrene in layers, and the filling should not be too tight; then the temporary fixing wood is removed, and the gap is filled with the same material; if the design of the aluminum alloy door and window does not specify the filling material, mineral wool or glass wool felt can be used to fill the gap in layers; for projects with high requirements for thermal and sound insulation, appropriate thermal and sound insulation materials should be used for filling; (6) Treatment of the gap between the inside and outside of the door and window opening and the door and window frame; The inside of the door opening and the door and window frame are filled and smoothed with cement mortar; when the outside is plastered, a sheet should be used to temporarily separate the plaster layer from the door and window frame, with a thickness of 5mm, and the plaster layer should exceed the door and window frame, with a thickness of not more than the thickness of the door and window frame; after the outside plaster layer hardens, the sheet is removed, and the gap between the plaster layer and the door and window frame is sealed with sealant; (7) Installation of door and window leaves; (7.1) The door and window leaves should be installed after the plaster layer of the opening wall hardens; (7.2) After the door and window frame is installed and fixed, the door and window leaf with the glass prepared is installed into the frame, and the gap between the frame and the leaf is adjusted.

[0044] Example 4: This example provides an energy-saving construction design and specific construction method for roofing engineering, as follows: The main method of this roofing energy-saving engineering is to use 2% light aggregate concrete to find the slope, SBS polymer modified bitumen waterproofing membrane, and extruded board insulation layer.

[0045] (1) Construction points of roofing insulation layer and slope-finding layer (1.1) The base layer should be flat, clean, and dry, and should not have defects such as loose, cracking, and hollowing.

[0046] (1.2) The waterproofing membrane should not have broken, missing edges, or corner phenomena, and when laying, if there are missing edges, corners, and broken pieces that are not uniform, they should be sawn and used.

[0047] (1.3) The line should be found and laid, and when laying, it should be close to the surface of the base layer, laid flat, and stabilized, and the gap between the plates should be filled with the same material, and the surface should be consistent with the height of the adjacent two plates.

[0048] (1.4) Ceramic aggregate concrete slope finding First according to the roof drainage direction, pull the line to find 2% slope, mark the height control point on the parapet. Before paving, mix the shale ceramsite concrete according to the mixing ratio, (mix the appropriate amount of moisture), pave from one end to the other end, and use a wooden trowel to tamp it when the thickness exceeds 100 mm, layer by layer, and then tamp and smooth the surface to form a rough surface. After the slope layer construction is completed, the cement mortar leveling layer should be paved in time or covered to prevent rainwater from soaking into the underlying insulation layer.

[0049] (2) The leveling layer construction surface is flat, without defects such as hollowing, cracking, and peeling. After acceptance, the waterproof layer should be constructed, the waterproof layer should be without hollowing, the overlap joint length should meet the requirements, and the detail node structure should meet the specification requirements. After the waterproof layer concealed acceptance, a layer of non-woven fabric is laid on the surface, and then the concrete is poured.

[0050] Example 5 This embodiment provides a complete and perfect housing construction energy-saving construction method based on the above-mentioned embodiments, and the specific steps are as follows: I. Overall construction framework All energy-saving construction follows the overall process of "engineering classification → energy-saving measure design → targeted construction". First, the energy-saving core direction of the three types of engineering is determined, and then the construction is carried out step by step: Engineering classification: The building structure is divided into three core categories of wall engineering, door and window engineering, and roof engineering (all are building envelope structures, which are key parts of energy saving); Energy-saving measure design: Wall engineering: Use heat-insulating and heat-preserving mortar containing vitrified microbeads to construct the insulation layer (dry density ≤ 300 kg / m³, thermal conductivity ≤ 0.07 W / (m·K)); Door and window engineering: Use the composite sealing structure of "fixed piece installation + elastic material filling + sealant sealing"; Roof engineering: Use the layered energy-saving structure of "lightweight aggregate concrete slope layer → SBS polymer modified bitumen waterproof roll material layer → extruded plate insulation layer"; Sub-engineering construction: According to the energy-saving measures of the above-mentioned three types of engineering, carry out special energy-saving construction.

[0051] II. Wall engineering energy-saving construction steps Wall engineering takes "insulation layer construction" as the core, including construction preparation, mortar preparation, insulation layer construction, and insulation layer protection: (I) Construction preparation Before construction, the requirements of base, environment, and operation standards should be met to ensure the quality of subsequent construction: Base acceptance: The base wall has been constructed and passed the acceptance, and the wall surface is without loose, cracking, and hollowing; Base cleaning: remove wall surface dust, oil, release agent and wall corner debris, ensure the working surface is clean, and the wall surface moisture content is ≤10%; Flatness and perpendicularity control: the surface flatness error of the base wall, the four corners of the outer wall and the hole is ≤4mm / 2m, and the perpendicularity error is ≤3mm / 2m; Spring line and rib: control the thickness of the spring line in the vertical and horizontal directions at the wall corner and balcony rail; use thermal mortar to make a standard mortar cake with a size of 50mm×50mm, with a horizontal interval of 1.5~2m and a vertical interval of 1.2~1.5m, and at the same time, the ribs are punched; Base wetting: the wall base surface should be clean and wet (standard: no water accumulation after watering, and the hand feels moist); Environmental requirements: the construction stage is no rain and snow, wind force ≤ four levels, and rain construction is strictly prohibited (rain period needs to cover rainproof cloth with rainproof shed); the construction temperature is ≥5℃, and above five levels of wind should not be constructed.

[0052] (2) Preparation of thermal insulation mortar containing vitrified microbeads Using "modified formula + standardized stirring", the thermal insulation and bonding performance of the mortar is ensured: Material ratio (by weight): ordinary Portland cement 30~40 parts, vitrified microbeads 20~30 parts, nano silicon dioxide 0.5~1 part, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 0.2~0.5 part, and water 18~25 parts; Stirring process: first, mix cement, vitrified microbeads and nano silicon dioxide for 2~3 minutes until uniform, then add hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and water, and continue stirring for 5~7 minutes to form a uniform paste; Usage requirements: the prepared mortar should be used within 1.5 hours, if the consistency is >80mm after the time, it should be discarded, and secondary stirring with water is strictly prohibited.

[0053] (3) Thermal insulation layer construction The thermal insulation layer laying and subsequent treatment are completed in four steps, focusing on thickness and corner quality control: Second cleaning of the wall surface: check and clean the wall surface and the corner of the outer wall head, to ensure that there is no dust and hollowing; Plastering construction: evenly and densely apply the stirred mortar to the base layer, and before plastering, use a board with a width of 20~30mm to make a rib (to ensure thickness); the plastering thickness is 2~3mm higher than the rib, and then use a 2m long ruler to scrape it flat, and then supplement and flatten the local plastering board and press it; Corner strengthening treatment: use cement mortar to plaster the wall door and window corners, with a width of 100~150mm (to avoid corner cracking and ensure construction quality); Putty and paint construction: after the thermal insulation mortar hardens, apply a 2-3 mm thick layer of acrylic waterproof flexible putty on its surface; after the putty dries, apply an exterior wall coating that meets the "General Technical Requirements for Building Exterior Wall Coatings" (GB / T 9755).

[0054] (Four) Protection of the thermal insulation layer Avoid damaging the thermal insulation layer during construction to ensure long-lasting energy-saving effects: Prohibit destructive construction: do not drill holes, nail, or apply heavy pressure to the thermal insulation material during water and electricity installation, exterior wall decoration, and other types of work; Protect the waterproof layer: before the thermal insulation and waterproof layer dries, prevent it from being soaked, splashed, impacted, or vibrated to ensure that the compressive strength of the bonding layer is ≥0.3 MPa; Protect the scaffolding during dismantling: when dismantling the exterior scaffolding, use manual pipe transfer to avoid impacting the wall; after dismantling, promptly repair the wall impact damage with the original thermal insulation mortar.

[0055] Three, Energy-saving construction steps for door and window projects Door and window projects focus on "composite sealing + precise installation" and include six steps: line marking and positioning, installation of fixed pieces, door and window installation, door and window fixation, gap treatment, and door and window sash installation. (I) Line marking and positioning Ensure the precise installation position and elevation of doors and windows: Vertical positioning: use a plummet or transit to draw a line from the top layer of the door and window edge line to each layer of the door and window opening, and mark the line; trim the uneven edges (trim depth ≤20 mm to avoid damaging the wall structure); according to the design drawing, measure the door and window edge line from the center line to both sides; Horizontal positioning: use the indoor +50 cm level line on the floor as a reference to flip it upwards, measure the window sill elevation, and straighten the line; the error in the window sill of the same room should be ≤2 mm, and the error in the window sill of the same floor should be ≤3 mm.

[0056] (II) Installation of fixed pieces Ensure that the door and window frame is firmly connected to the wall and is rust-resistant and durable: Pre-installation inspection of fixed pieces: confirm the position of the upper and lower edges of the door and window frame and the correct inward and outward orientation; Drilling and fixation: use a Φ3.2 high-speed steel drill bit to drill holes, and screw in galvanized cross-slot end M4×20 self-tapping screws (directly hammering and driving in is strictly prohibited); Fixed piece position requirements: 150-200 mm from the door and window corners, middle vertical frame, and middle horizontal frame, with a spacing of ≤600 mm; do not install on the stopper heads of the middle horizontal frame and middle vertical frame.

[0057] (III) Door and window installation Control the levelness and perpendicularity of the door and window frame to avoid deformation: Center line alignment: Draw a center line on the upper and lower edges of the frame before installation. Determine the frame position according to the design drawing and the opening direction. Install the frame into the hole, ensuring that the upper and lower center lines of the frame are aligned with the center line of the hole (error ≤1mm); Anti-deformation measures: Set temporary support wood in the door and window frame to prevent deformation during installation. Temporary fixation: The lower frame of a casement door without a lower frame is 10mm lower than the ground elevation line. Fix one of the lower frame's fixing pieces to the wall and adjust the door frame's levelness (error ≤1mm / m), perpendicularity (error ≤2mm / m), and right angle (error ≤3mm) with temporary fixation using wooden wedges. If the lower frame is longer than 0.9m, use wooden wedges to tightly fill the middle part and adjust the precision again.

[0058] (Four) Door and window fixation Choose fixation methods according to wall types to ensure firmness: Fixation sequence: Fix the upper frame first, then the side frame. Different wall fixation methods: Concrete wall hole: Use a nail gun or nylon expansion tube plastic expansion screw to fix. Brick wall hole: Use plastic expansion screws or cement nails for fixation (not allowed to be fixed on brick joints with a width of ≥10mm). Masonry wall: Strictly prohibited from using a nail gun for fixation.

[0059] (Five) Gap treatment between door and window frame and wall Achieve "thermal insulation + waterproof" dual effects to avoid heat loss and water seepage: Hidden engineering acceptance: After the door and window are fixed, first check the number of fixing pieces, spacing, and compliance of gap filling materials. Expansion joint filling: Use closed-cell foam plastic or high-density expanded polystyrene (density ≥20kg / m³) to layer fill the expansion joint cavity. The filling density should be 80%~90% of the material bulk density (not too tight). After removing the temporary wooden wedge, fill the wooden wedge gap with the same material. For aluminum alloy doors and windows without design requirements, use mineral wool or glass wool felt strips. For projects with high thermal insulation and sound insulation requirements, use special materials such as centrifugal glass wool felt (density ≥48kg / m³). Waterproof reinforcement (new measure): Reserve a 5~8mm wide water guide groove (along the frame perimeter) near the outdoor side of the expansion joint. Every 1.5~2m, set a drainage hole (inclined downward by 3~5°, connected to the external wall drainage system). When filling closed-cell foam plastic, reserve a 2mm gap on the inside of the water guide groove and fill it with water-swelling sealing strips (to prevent rainwater from seeping in).

[0060] (Six) Door and window hole inner and outer side gap treatment Refine the inner and outer side sealing to avoid heat loss: Inner side treatment: Use 1:2.5 cement mortar to fill and smooth the gap between the door opening inner side and the door and window frame. Outside treatment: When plastering outside, use polyethylene sheet to temporarily separate the plaster layer from the door and window frame (thickness 5mm); the plaster layer exceeds the door and window frame by 10~15mm (thickness does not affect the opening of the fan); after the outer plaster layer hardens (curing ≥7 days), remove the sheet and seal the gap between the plaster layer and the door and window frame with silicone sealant.

[0061] (Seven) Door and window fan installation Ensure accurate cooperation between the fan and the frame, and smooth opening: Installation timing: Install the door and window fan after the plaster layer of the opening wall hardens (the strength of the plaster layer reaches more than 70% of the design strength); Installation of sliding windows: Install the door and window fan with glass into the frame slide, adjust the gap width between the frame and the fan to 2~3mm.

[0062] Four, Energy-saving construction steps of roofing work The roofing work takes "layered cooperation, waterproofing and thermal insulation" as the core, and is constructed in the order of "sloping layer → waterproofing layer → thermal insulation layer": Lightweight aggregate concrete sloping layer construction: Thickness: 80~120mm; Slope: slope according to 2% (mark the height control point on the parapet wall according to the roof drainage direction); Construction requirements: uniformly mixed materials (with an appropriate amount of moisture), laid from one end to the other end, and tamped with a wooden trowel; when the thickness is >100mm, lay and tamp in layers, and smooth the surface to make a rough surface; cover with cement mortar leveling layer or cover in time after construction to avoid rainwater soaking.

[0063] SBS polymer modified bitumen waterproofing membrane layer construction: Thickness: 3mm; Construction requirements: construction after the acceptance of the sloping layer, no broken edges and corners of the membrane; lay close to the base, lay flat and pad stable, the joint width of the splicing joint is ≥100mm; the waterproof layer has no hollowing, and the details (such as roof corners, pipe roots) meet the specification requirements; after the concealed acceptance of the waterproof layer, fully cover the surface with 0.15mm thick polyethylene film (the lap width is ≥100mm, and the lap joint is sealed with butyl tape).

[0064] Extruded board thermal insulation layer construction: Thickness: 50~80mm; Construction requirements: lay on the waterproof layer, fill the splicing joint of the extruded board with polyurethane sealant; reserve the separation joint and exhaust pipe according to the specification to ensure that the thermal insulation layer has no hollowing and displacement.

[0065] While embodiments of the application have been shown and described, it is to be understood that the embodiments described are merely exemplary of the principles and application of the present application. Numerous modifications and changes can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the application. The scope of the application is not to be limited by the embodiments shown and described, but only by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for energy-saving construction of a house building, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: (1) dividing the building structure into three engineering categories of wall engineering, door and window engineering and roof engineering; (2) designing energy-saving measures for the three categories respectively; (2.1) adopting the heat-insulating mortar containing vitrified microbeads to construct the insulation layer in the wall engineering; (2.2) adopting the composite sealing structure of fixed sheet installation, elastic material sealing and sealant sealing in the door and window engineering; (2.3) adopting the layered energy-saving structure of light aggregate concrete slope layer, SBS polymer modified bitumen waterproof roll material layer and extruded plate insulation layer in the roof engineering; (3) performing energy-saving construction of the three types of engineering respectively according to the design of the energy-saving measures.

2. The energy-saving construction method for housing building according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the step (2), the dry density of the heat-insulating mortar containing vitrified microbeads in the wall engineering is not greater than 300 kg / m³, and the thermal conductivity is not greater than 0.07 W / (m·K).

3. The energy-saving construction method for housing building according to claim 2, characterized in that, In the step (3), the energy-saving construction process for the wall engineering is as follows: (3.1.1) construction preparation; (3.1.2) preparation of the heat-insulating mortar containing vitrified microbeads; (3.1.3) construction of the insulation layer using the heat-insulating mortar containing vitrified microbeads; (3.1.4) protection of the insulation layer.

4. The energy-saving construction method for housing building according to claim 3, characterized in that, The construction preparation in the step (3.1.1) comprises: (3.1.1.1) the base wall has been constructed and passed the acceptance; (3.1.1.2) removing the wall surface floating dust, oil stains, release agent and wall corner sundries before construction to ensure that the construction operation surface is clean, and the water content of the wall surface is not greater than 10%; (3.1.1.3) the surface flatness and perpendicularity of the base wall, outer wall corners, openings and the like should meet the requirements that the surface flatness error is ≤4 mm / 2 m, and the perpendicularity error is ≤3 mm / 2 m; (3.1.1.4) the thickness control line is popped up at the wall corners, balcony railings and the like according to the vertical and horizontal directions; (3.1.1.5) the standard thickness mortar cake and reinforcing bars are made according to the thickness control line, the mortar cake size is 50 mm*50 mm, the horizontal interval is 1.5-2 m, and the vertical interval is 1.2-1.5 m; (3.1.1.6) the wall base surface should be clean and moist, the moist standard is that there is no accumulated water on the wall surface after watering, and the wall surface has a moist feeling when touched by hand; (3.1.1.7) the weather during the construction stage should be no rain and snow, and the wind force should be not greater than level four, rain day construction is strictly prohibited, and rain period construction should be well prepared for rainproof measures; (3.1.1.8) the air temperature during the construction should be above 5 ℃, and the construction should not be performed when the wind force is above level five.

5. The energy-saving construction method for housing building according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that, In the step (3.1.2), the specific process of preparing the heat-insulating mortar containing vitrified microbeads is as follows: (3.1.2.1) taking ordinary portland cement 30-40 parts, vitrified microbeads 20-30 parts, nano silicon dioxide 0.5-1 part, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 0.2-0.5 part and water 18-25 parts by weight ratio; (3.1.2.2) first dry mixing the cement, vitrified microbeads and nano silicon dioxide for 2-3 minutes until uniform, then adding the hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and water, and stirring for 5-7 minutes until forming a uniform paste; (3.1.2.3) the prepared modified insulation mortar should be used within 1.5 hours, and if the consistency is greater than 80 mm after the time, the modified insulation mortar should be discarded.

6. The energy-saving construction method for housing building according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that, The specific process of using the thermal insulation mortar containing vitrified microbeads in the step (3.1.3) for the construction of the thermal insulation layer is as follows: (3.1.3.1) Inspect and clean the wall surface and the corner of the outer wall head, and ensure that there is no floating dust and hollow; (3.1.3.2) evenly and densely apply the mixed thermal insulation mortar on the base layer, before the mortar application, use a board with a width of 20-30 mm as the mortar troweling reinforcement to ensure the thickness accuracy, the thickness of the mortar application is 2-3 mm higher than that of the reinforcement, then use a 2 m ruler to scrape it flat, use a trowel to locally supplement and smooth it, and then it can be troweled, compressed and compacted; (3.1.3.3) In order to ensure the construction quality of the wall, door and window corners, the corners are troweled with cement mortar, and the troweling width is 100-150 mm; (3.1.3.4) After the thermal insulation mortar hardens, apply and scrape a layer of acrylic waterproof flexible putty on the surface, and the thickness is 2-3 mm, and after drying, the outer wall paint can be applied.

7. The energy-saving construction method for housing building according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that, The specific content of the protection of the thermal insulation layer in the step (3.1.4) is as follows: water and electricity installation, outer wall decoration and other trades are strictly prohibited to damage the thermal insulation material by drilling, nailing, heavy pressing and other destructive construction; the thermal insulation waterproof layer should be prevented from being soaked, watered, impacted and vibrated before drying to ensure that the compressive strength of the bonding layer is greater than or equal to 0.3 MPa; when the outer scaffold is dismantled, the scaffold pipe should be manually transferred to avoid pipe collision with the wall surface, and the wall surface collision damage should be repaired in time after the dismantling.

8. The energy-saving construction method for housing building according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The energy-saving construction process for the door and window project in the step (3) is as follows: (3.2.1) Line marking and positioning; (3.2.1.1) According to the top layer door and window edge line, use a plummet or a theodolite to draw the door and window edge line, and mark the line at each layer of the door and window opening, and the individual non-straight edge should be chiseled and processed; According to the door and window installation position, size and elevation in the design drawing, the door and window edge line is measured from the door and window center line to both sides; (3.2.1.2) The horizontal position of the door and window should be flipped up according to the indoor floor level with a 50 cm level line, the window lower skin elevation is measured, and the line is found straight; the window lower skin elevation of the same room should be consistent; at the same time, the lower skin elevation of each floor should also be consistent; (3.2.2) Install the fixing piece; (3.2.2.1) Check the position of the upper and lower edges of the door and window frame and its inside and outside orientation, and then install the fixing piece after confirming that there is no error; when installing, a high-speed steel drill with a diameter of Φ3.2 is used to drill holes, and then a galvanized cross-slot end M4x20 self-tapping screw is screwed in, and direct hammering is strictly prohibited; (3.2.2.2) The position of the fixing piece should be 150-200 mm away from the door and window corner, the middle vertical frame and the middle horizontal frame, and the distance between the fixing pieces should not be greater than 600 mm; the fixing piece should not be directly installed on the stopper of the middle horizontal frame and the middle vertical frame; (3.2.3) Install the door and window in place. Before installation, draw a center line on the upper and lower edges of the frame, then determine the position of the door and window frame according to the design drawings and the opening direction of the door and window leaf, and install the door and window frame into the hole so that the upper and lower center lines are aligned with the hole center line. Measures should be taken to prevent deformation of the door and window during installation. The lower frame of a casement door without a lower frame should be 10 mm lower than the ground elevation line. Then fix one of the fixed pieces of the lower frame to the wall body and adjust the levelness, verticality and right angle of the door frame. Temporarily fix it with wooden wedges. When the length of the lower frame is greater than 0.9 m, the middle part should also be tightly wedged. Then adjust the verticality, levelness and right angle again; (3.2.4) Fixing of doors and windows. When fixing the door and window to the wall, the upper frame should be fixed first, and then the side frame. Concrete wall openings are fixed with shot pins or nylon expansion tube plastic expansion screws. Brick wall openings are fixed with plastic expansion screws or cement nails, and should not be fixed on the brick joints. Shooting pins should not be used on masonry; (3.2.5) Treatment of gaps between door and window frames and wall; (3.2.5.1) After the door and window are installed and fixed, the concealed work should be inspected first; (3.2.5.2) The inner cavity of the expansion joint between the door and window frame and the hole is filled with closed-cell foam plastic, high-density foamed polystyrene elastic material in layers. The filling should not be too tight, and the filling density should be 80% to 90% of the bulk density of the material. Then remove the temporary wooden wedges, and the gap is filled with the same material. If the design does not specify the filling material for aluminum alloy doors and windows, mineral wool or glass wool felt strips can be used to fill the gap in layers; For projects with high requirements for thermal and sound insulation, appropriate thermal and sound insulation materials should be used for filling; (3.2.6) Treatment of gaps between door and window frames and wall; The inside of the door opening and the door and window frame are filled and smoothed with 1:2.5 cement mortar. When the outside is plastered, the plaster layer should be temporarily separated from the door and window frame by a polyethylene sheet with a thickness of 5 mm. The plaster layer should exceed the width of the door and window frame by 10 mm to 15 mm. The thickness should not affect the opening of the leaf. After the outer plaster layer hardens, remove the sheet and seal the gap between the plaster layer and the door and window frame with silicone sealant; (3.2.7) Installation of door and window leaves; (3.2.7.1) The door and window leaves should be installed after the wall plaster layer hardens; 9. The energy-saving construction method for building a house according to claim 8, wherein (3.2.7.2) After the door and window frame is installed and fixed, the door and window leaf with the glass is installed in the frame, and the gap between the frame and the leaf is adjusted to 2 to 3 mm. In step (3.2.5), the expansion joint treatment between the door and window frame and the wall further comprises:

10. The energy-saving construction method for housing building according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, (3.2.5.3) A 5 to 8 mm wide water guide channel is reserved on the side of the expansion joint close to the outdoor side. The water guide channel is arranged along the circumference of the door and window frame, and a drainage hole is provided every 1.5 to 2 m. The drainage hole is inclined downward by 3 to 5° and is connected to the external wall drainage system. When filling the closed-cell foam plastic, a 2 mm gap is reserved on the inside of the water guide channel, and the gap is filled with a water-swelling sealing strip. In step (3), the energy-saving measures for roof engineering are: The construction is in the order of light aggregate concrete sloping layer, SBS polymer modified asphalt waterproofing membrane layer and extruded plate thermal insulation layer, wherein the thickness of the light aggregate concrete sloping layer is 80mm-120mm, the thickness of the SBS polymer modified asphalt waterproofing membrane layer is 3mm and the thickness of the extruded plate thermal insulation layer is 50mm-80mm.