Ploidy breeding method and system based on multi-dimensional quality fusion of traditional Chinese medicinal materials

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicinal material breeding, in particular to a ploidy breeding method and system based on multi-dimensional quality fusion of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, which comprises the following steps: screening out a breeding traditional Chinese medicinal material sample set according to a sample characteristic sequence, performing chromosome ploidy regulation on breeding traditional Chinese medicinal material samples to obtain a polyploidy plant, and pretreating the polyploidy plant to obtain a polyploidy breeding sample set; calculating breeding indexes of the homozygous ploidy plants by utilizing a multi-dimensional evaluation model to obtain a breeding index set; identifying superior plants corresponding to the maximum breeding index; performing environmental adaptability detection on the superior plants to obtain target plants; performing selfing or vegetative propagation on the target plants to obtain offspring plants; and carrying out feature analysis on the offspring plants and removing offspring plants which do not accord with a preset offspring feature standard to obtain target offspring plants. The method can solve the problem of inaccurate evaluation criteria in the breeding process of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials at present.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of Chinese medicinal herb breeding technology, and in particular to a ploidy breeding method and system based on the fusion of multidimensional quality of Chinese medicinal herbs. Background Technology

[0002] Chinese medicinal herbs are an important part of traditional Chinese medicine. In the cultivation and production of these herbs, the breeding of superior varieties is a crucial step in improving their quality and yield. However, in the field of Chinese medicinal herb breeding, traditional breeding methods still dominate.

[0003] Traditional methods of breeding Chinese medicinal herbs rely primarily on manual experience. This approach results in a vague and one-sided analysis of the correlation between characteristic indicators and varietal quality, remaining at a simple, empirical level. It lacks unified quantitative standards and a systematic, multi-dimensional evaluation system, failing to analyze the specific impact of each characteristic indicator on varietal quality. Therefore, current breeding processes for Chinese medicinal herbs suffer from inaccurate evaluation criteria. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a ploidy breeding method and system based on the integration of multidimensional quality of Chinese medicinal materials. Its main purpose is to solve the problem of inaccurate evaluation standards in the current breeding process of Chinese medicinal materials.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this invention provides a ploidy breeding method based on the fusion of multidimensional quality of Chinese medicinal materials, comprising: obtaining an original set of Chinese medicinal material samples; performing feature analysis on the original set of Chinese medicinal material samples to obtain multiple sets of sample feature sequences, wherein the sample feature sequences include: growth cycle, effective component content, appearance characteristics, and genetic stability; screening a breeding set of Chinese medicinal material samples from the original set of Chinese medicinal material samples based on the multiple sets of sample feature sequences; sequentially extracting breeding samples from the breeding set of Chinese medicinal material samples; performing chromosome ploidy regulation on the breeding samples to obtain polyploid plants, wherein the chromosome ploidy regulation refers to changing the chromosome ploidy of the breeding samples using chemical agents or physical methods; and pretreating the polyploid plants to obtain homozygous plants. The pretreatment process involves separating tissues from polyploid plants and eliminating chimerism through cytological detection and molecular marker technology; calculating the breeding index of the homozygous plants using a pre-constructed multidimensional evaluation model to obtain a breeding index set; extracting the maximum breeding index from the breeding index set to identify the superior plant corresponding to the maximum breeding index; conducting environmental adaptability testing on the superior plant to obtain target plants, wherein environmental adaptability testing refers to testing the superior plant under different environmental conditions to detect the degree of environmental adaptability of the superior plant; performing self-pollination or asexual reproduction on the target plants to obtain offspring plants; performing feature analysis on the offspring plants and removing offspring plants that do not meet the preset offspring feature standards to obtain target offspring plants, thus completing the polyploid breeding based on the multidimensional quality integration of Chinese medicinal materials.

[0006] Optionally, the step of performing feature analysis on the original Chinese medicinal herb sample set to obtain multiple sets of sample feature sequences includes: sequentially extracting original Chinese medicinal herb samples from the original Chinese medicinal herb sample set; recording the growth cycle data of the original Chinese medicinal herb samples; using a preset chemical analysis method to detect the content of effective components in the original Chinese medicinal herb samples and obtain effective component content data, wherein the chemical analysis method includes: high performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; analyzing the appearance characteristics of the original Chinese medicinal herb samples and obtaining appearance characteristic data, wherein the appearance characteristics include: shape, size, texture, and color; detecting the genetic stability of the original Chinese medicinal herb samples and obtaining genetic stability data; and summarizing the growth cycle data, effective component content data, appearance characteristic data, and genetic stability data to obtain multiple sets of sample feature sequences.

[0007] Optionally, the step of selecting a breeding medicinal herb sample set from the original medicinal herb sample set based on the multiple sets of sample feature sequences includes: identifying qualified sample feature sequences that meet preset feature standards from the multiple sets of sample feature sequences; determining the corresponding original medicinal herb samples based on the qualified sample feature sequences to obtain the breeding medicinal herb sample set.

[0008] Optionally, the step of regulating chromosome ploidy of the bred medicinal herb sample to obtain polyploid plants includes: obtaining explants from the bred medicinal herb sample; obtaining callus tissue from the explants, wherein the explants include: shoot tips, leaves, and root tips; performing standardized pretreatment on the callus tissue to obtain standard callus tissue, wherein the standardized pretreatment refers to standardizing the culture environment, nutritional conditions, and cell physiological state of the callus tissue; performing ploidy regulation treatment on the standard callus tissue and inducing ploidy changes in the cellular chromosome set of the standard callus tissue to obtain variant callus tissue; performing tissue-induced differentiation on the variant callus tissue to obtain regenerated plants; performing ploidy identification on the regenerated plants to confirm the chromosome ploidy status of the regenerated plants, and screening polyploid plants based on the chromosome ploidy status.

[0009] Optionally, the pretreatment operation on the polyploid plant to obtain a homozygous plant includes: separating the polyploid plant into tissues to obtain a separated tissue sample; performing cytological and molecular marker tests on the tissue sample to determine whether a chimera exists in the tissue sample; if a chimera exists in the tissue sample, removing the chimera to obtain a homozygous tissue sample; if no chimera exists in the tissue sample, directly confirming the tissue sample as a homozygous tissue sample; and performing tissue culture on the homozygous tissue sample and inducing the homozygous tissue sample to differentiate and regenerate to obtain a homozygous plant.

[0010] Optionally, the step of using a pre-constructed multi-dimensional evaluation model to calculate the breeding index of the homozygous ploidy plant and obtain a breeding index set includes: detecting the content of effective components in the homozygous ploidy plant to obtain homozygous effective component data, wherein the homozygous effective component data includes: the actual content of various effective components; analyzing the appearance characteristics of the homozygous ploidy plant to obtain homozygous appearance characteristic data, wherein the homozygous appearance characteristic data includes: the actual score of each appearance characteristic; detecting the genetic stability of the homozygous ploidy plant to obtain homozygous genetic stability data, wherein the homozygous genetic stability data includes: the actual data of each genetic stability; detecting the stress resistance of the homozygous ploidy plant to obtain homozygous stress resistance data, wherein the homozygous stress resistance data includes: the actual data of each stress resistance; substituting the homozygous effective component data, homozygous appearance characteristic data, homozygous genetic stability data, and homozygous stress resistance data into the multi-dimensional evaluation model to calculate the breeding index of the homozygous ploidy plant; and summarizing the breeding indices to obtain a breeding index set.

[0011] Optionally, the multi-dimensional evaluation model is as follows: ,in, Indicates the breeding index, Indicates the number of types of active ingredients. This represents the actual content of the i-th active ingredient. This represents the standard content of the i-th active ingredient. The number of evaluation items representing appearance features. This represents the actual score for the j-th appearance feature. This represents the standard score for the j-th appearance feature. The number of assessment items indicating genetic stability This represents the actual data indicating the genetic stability of the k-th term. Standard data representing the genetic stability of the k-th term. The number of assessment items indicating resilience. This represents the actual data for the resistance to adversity of item l. The standard data representing the resistance to stress of the lth term, , , , These are the weighting coefficients for homozygous effective component data, homozygous appearance characteristic data, homozygous genetic stability data, and homozygous stress resistance data, respectively.

[0012] Optionally, the step of performing environmental adaptability testing on the superior plant to obtain the target plant includes: acquiring multiple environmental conditions; acquiring a corresponding environmental adaptability testing scheme based on the environmental conditions; performing environmental adaptability testing on the superior plant according to the environmental adaptability testing scheme to obtain multiple environmental adaptability levels; determining whether the environmental adaptability level meets a preset adaptability standard; if the environmental adaptability level meets the adaptability standard, removing the maximum breeding index corresponding to the superior plant from the breeding index set, updating the breeding index set, and returning to the steps of extracting the maximum breeding index from the breeding index set and identifying the superior plant corresponding to the maximum breeding index; if the environmental adaptability level does not meet the adaptability standard, confirming the superior plant as the target plant.

[0013] Optionally, the step of self-pollinating or asexually reproducing the target plant to obtain offspring plants includes: identifying the reproductive characteristics of the target plant, wherein the reproductive characteristics include: having stable sexual reproductive capacity and genetic traits that can be stably inherited through seeds, having asexual reproductive characteristics, or having sexual reproductive barriers; if the reproductive characteristics are having stable sexual reproductive capacity and genetic traits that can be stably inherited through seeds, then self-pollination is performed by natural pollination or artificial pollination to obtain offspring plants; if the reproductive characteristics are having asexual reproductive characteristics or having sexual reproductive barriers, then explant material from the target plant is used for in vitro culture to obtain offspring plants.

[0014] To achieve the above objectives, this invention also provides a ploidy breeding system based on the fusion of multidimensional quality of Chinese medicinal materials, comprising: a medicinal material acquisition and analysis module, used to acquire a set of original Chinese medicinal material samples, perform feature analysis on the original Chinese medicinal material sample set to obtain multiple sets of sample feature sequences, wherein the sample feature sequences include: growth cycle, effective component content, appearance characteristics, and genetic stability; and a medicinal material screening and regulation module, used to screen a set of breeding Chinese medicinal material samples from the original Chinese medicinal material sample set according to the multiple sets of sample feature sequences, sequentially extract breeding Chinese medicinal material samples from the breeding Chinese medicinal material sample set, and perform chromosome ploidy regulation on the breeding Chinese medicinal material samples to obtain polyploid plants, wherein the chromosome ploidy regulation refers to changing the chromosome ploidy of the breeding Chinese medicinal material samples by inducing with chemical agents or physical methods, and performing pretreatment operations on the polyploid plants. The process involves obtaining homozygous ploidy plants. The pretreatment operation refers to tissue isolation of polyploid plants and elimination of chimerism through cytological detection and molecular marker technology. An evaluation model calculation module is used to calculate the breeding index of the homozygous ploidy plants using a pre-constructed multi-dimensional evaluation model, obtaining a breeding index set. The maximum breeding index is extracted from the breeding index set, and the superior plant corresponding to the maximum breeding index is identified. A plant detection and selection module is used to perform environmental adaptability testing on the superior plants to obtain target plants. Environmental adaptability testing refers to conducting experiments on the superior plants under different environmental conditions to detect their environmental adaptability. The target plants are then self-pollinated or asexually propagated to obtain offspring plants. The offspring plants are then subjected to feature analysis, and offspring plants that do not meet the preset offspring feature standards are removed to obtain the target offspring plants.

[0015] To address the above problems, the present invention also provides an electronic device, the electronic device comprising: A memory that stores at least one instruction; and a processor that executes the instruction stored in the memory to implement the above-described ploidy breeding method based on the fusion of multidimensional quality of Chinese medicinal materials.

[0016] To address the aforementioned problems, the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing at least one instruction, which is executed by a processor in an electronic device to implement the above-described ploidy breeding method based on the fusion of multidimensional qualities of traditional Chinese medicinal materials.

[0017] To address the problems described in the background art, this invention obtains a set of original Chinese medicinal herb samples, performs feature analysis on these samples, and obtains multiple sets of sample feature sequences. These sample feature sequences include: growth cycle, effective component content, appearance characteristics, and genetic stability. The sample feature sequences reflect the comprehensive performance of each original Chinese medicinal herb sample in multiple dimensions of quality. Therefore, feature standards can be preset. By comparing the sample feature sequences and feature standards, a set of breeding Chinese medicinal herb samples with cultivation value can be screened from the original Chinese medicinal herb sample set. Breeding Chinese medicinal herb samples are then extracted sequentially from the breeding sample set. By performing chromosome ploidy regulation on these breeding samples, their chromosome ploidy can be changed to obtain polyploid plants. The chromosome ploidy regulation refers to changing the chromosome ploidy of the breeding Chinese medicinal herb samples using chemical agents or physical methods. After obtaining polyploid plants, it is necessary to further optimize the quality of the polyploid plants and ensure their genetic stability. Therefore, the polyploid plants undergo pretreatment to obtain homozygous ploid plants. The process involves several steps. First, pretreatment of polyploid plants involves tissue isolation and elimination of chimerism through cytological detection and molecular marker technology. A pre-constructed multidimensional evaluation model is used to calculate the breeding index of the homozygous plants, resulting in a breeding index set. Since the breeding index reflects the multidimensional characteristics of the homozygous plants, the maximum breeding index can be extracted from this set. The maximum breeding index corresponds to the superior plant with the best multidimensional characteristics. Environmental adaptability testing is then performed on these superior plants to obtain target plants. This environmental adaptability testing involves experimenting with the superior plants under different environmental conditions to assess their environmental adaptability. The target plants are then self-pollinated or propagated asexually to obtain offspring plants. Because the offspring plants need to meet breeding requirements, offspring characteristic standards need to be set. These standards are then used to analyze the characteristics of the offspring plants, and offspring plants that meet the preset offspring characteristic standards are selected to obtain target offspring plants. This completes the polyploid breeding based on the fusion of multidimensional qualities of Chinese medicinal materials. Therefore, this invention can solve the problem of inaccurate evaluation criteria in the current breeding process of Chinese medicinal materials. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a ploidy breeding method based on the fusion of multidimensional quality of Chinese medicinal materials, provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a functional module diagram of a ploidy breeding system based on the fusion of multidimensional quality of Chinese medicinal materials provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device for implementing the ploidy breeding method based on the fusion of multidimensional quality of Chinese medicinal materials, as provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 10. Electronic device; 11. Processor; 12. Memory; 13. Bus.

[0020] The realization of the objective, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0021] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0022] This application provides a ploidy breeding method based on the fusion of multidimensional quality of traditional Chinese medicinal materials. The executing entity of this ploidy breeding method includes, but is not limited to, at least one electronic device that can be configured to execute the method provided in this application, such as a server or a terminal. In other words, the ploidy breeding method based on the fusion of multidimensional quality of traditional Chinese medicinal materials can be executed by software or hardware installed on a terminal device or a server device, and the software can be a blockchain platform. The server includes, but is not limited to, a single server, a server cluster, a cloud server, or a cloud server cluster.

[0023] Reference Figure 1 The diagram shown is a flowchart illustrating a ploidy breeding method based on the fusion of multidimensional qualities of Chinese medicinal materials according to an embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the ploidy breeding method based on the fusion of multidimensional qualities of Chinese medicinal materials includes: S1, obtaining an original set of Chinese medicinal material samples, performing feature analysis on the original set of Chinese medicinal material samples to obtain multiple sets of sample feature sequences, wherein the sample feature sequences include: growth cycle, effective component content, appearance characteristics, and genetic stability.

[0024] It should be understood that the original medicinal herb sample set refers to a diverse collection of original medicinal herb samples collected from different natural growing environments, such as mountainous areas, plains, and wetlands, as well as from various medicinal herb germplasm resource banks. It encompasses individual original medicinal herb samples from different origins, with different growth years, and under different growing conditions, comprehensively reflecting the various characteristics of the original medicinal herb samples in natural and artificial cultivation environments. The aforementioned characteristic analysis refers to the testing and evaluation of each original medicinal herb sample to obtain specific data on key indicators such as growth cycle, effective component content, appearance characteristics, and genetic stability. The sample characteristic sequence refers to a set of data obtained after characteristic analysis of each original medicinal herb sample, including the measurement results of key indicators such as growth cycle, effective component content, appearance characteristics, and genetic stability.

[0025] It is understood that the growth cycle refers to the entire process from seed germination to harvest of the original medicinal herb sample. The content of active ingredients refers to the content of medicinally valuable chemical components in the original medicinal herb sample. Different types of original medicinal herb samples contain different types of active ingredients, such as alkaloids, which have analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects; flavonoids, which have antioxidant and cardiovascular regulatory effects; and saponins, which have immune-regulating and lipid-lowering effects.

[0026] It should be explained that the "appearance characteristics" refer to the features exhibited by the original Chinese medicinal material samples in terms of morphology, color, and texture. The "genetic stability" refers to the stability of the original Chinese medicinal material samples at the genetic material level, that is, the characteristic that their genome remains relatively stable during generational transmission without significant variation. Original Chinese medicinal material samples with high genetic stability can maintain stable expression of superior traits in multiple generations of propagation.

[0027] In detail, the feature analysis of the original Chinese medicinal herb sample set to obtain multiple sets of sample feature sequences includes: sequentially extracting original Chinese medicinal herb samples from the original Chinese medicinal herb sample set; recording the growth cycle data of the original Chinese medicinal herb samples; using preset chemical analysis methods to detect the content of effective components in the original Chinese medicinal herb samples and obtain effective component content data, wherein the chemical analysis methods include: high performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; analyzing the appearance characteristics of the original Chinese medicinal herb samples and obtaining appearance characteristic data, wherein appearance characteristics include: shape, size, texture, and color; detecting the genetic stability of the original Chinese medicinal herb samples and obtaining genetic stability data; and summarizing the growth cycle data, effective component content data, appearance characteristic data, and genetic stability data to obtain multiple sets of sample feature sequences.

[0028] It should be noted that the growth cycle data refers to a quantitative record of the entire growth process of the original Chinese medicinal herb sample. The effective component content data refers to the content values ​​of medicinal components in the original Chinese medicinal herb sample obtained through chemical analysis. The appearance characteristic data refers to the morphological, color, and texture characteristics of the original Chinese medicinal herb sample obtained through analysis. The genetic stability data refers to the quantitative results of the stability of the genetic material of the original Chinese medicinal herb sample obtained through testing.

[0029] It should be understood that chemical analysis methods refer to a collective term for a series of techniques used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of the chemical components of substances. In this embodiment, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) are mainly used. HPLC is a technique that uses the difference in partition coefficients between the stationary and mobile phases of different substances to separate and analyze mixtures. GC-MS combines the high separation efficiency of gas chromatography with the high sensitivity and high resolution of mass spectrometry. ICP-MS uses inductively coupled plasma as an ion source to ionize elements in the original Chinese medicinal material sample, and then detects and analyzes the ions using a mass spectrometer. HPLC, GC-MS, and ICP-MS are all existing technologies and will not be elaborated upon here.

[0030] It should be understood that shape refers to the overall external appearance of the original medicinal herb sample, such as the thickness of the rhizome and the shape of the leaves. Size refers to the dimensional characteristics of the original medicinal herb sample, such as the length of the rhizome and the area of ​​the leaves. Texture refers to the physical characteristics of the original medicinal herb sample, such as the hardness of the rhizome and the thickness of the leaves. Color refers to the color characteristics of the original medicinal herb sample, such as the surface color of the rhizome and the color of the leaves.

[0031] For example, when obtaining a sample set of original Salvia miltiorrhiza (tanshinone) medicinal materials, a medicinal herb cultivation team selected three types of Salvia miltiorrhiza samples grown in different environments. Characteristic analysis was performed on these samples to obtain the characteristic sequences of each group. The growth cycle of mountain samples was 2-3 years, plain samples 1.5-2 years, and wetland samples 2-2.5 years. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis revealed that the tanshinone content in mountain samples was 3.5%-4.0%, in plain samples 3.0%-3.5%, and in wetland samples 3.2%-3.8%. The roots of mountain samples were slender and straight, dark brown in color, and firm in texture; the roots of plain samples were thick and light brown in color, and relatively soft in texture; the roots of wetland samples were of medium thickness, brownish-red in color, and of moderate texture. Molecular marker analysis showed that the genetic stability of mountain samples was high, with a variation rate of 2%-3%; the genetic stability of plain samples was moderate, with a variation rate of 3%-5%; and the genetic stability of wetland samples was low, with a variation rate of 5%-7%.

[0032] S2. Based on the characteristic sequences of the multiple sets of samples, a breeding medicinal herb sample set is selected from the original medicinal herb sample set. Breeding medicinal herb samples are extracted sequentially from the breeding medicinal herb sample set, and chromosome ploidy is regulated on the breeding medicinal herb samples to obtain polyploid plants.

[0033] In detail, chromosome ploidy regulation refers to altering the ploidy of chromosomes in medicinal herb samples through chemical or physical induction. Chromosomal ploidy regulation can be achieved through chemical or physical induction. For example, in chemical induction, specific chemical agents (such as colchicine and trifluralin) can be used to treat the seeds, seedlings, or callus tissue of medicinal herb samples to induce chromosome doubling, thereby obtaining polyploid plants.

[0034] It should be noted that breeding medicinal herb samples refer to individual medicinal herb samples with potential breeding value selected from a collection of original medicinal herb samples based on pre-set multi-dimensional characteristic standards covering growth cycle, effective component content, appearance characteristics, and genetic stability. These samples excel in one or more key characteristic dimensions, such as: effective component content above average; growth cycle meeting specific breeding objectives (e.g., short growth cycle to improve planting efficiency, or long growth cycle to accumulate more nutrients); appearance characteristics meeting market preferences (e.g., specific shape, color, and texture); and good genetic stability ensuring the stable inheritance of superior traits in subsequent propagation. A breeding medicinal herb sample set refers to a collection of multiple breeding medicinal herb samples. Polyploid plants refer to plants formed by increasing the number of chromosome sets in a breeding medicinal herb sample through chromosome ploidy regulation.

[0035] Specifically, the step of selecting a breeding medicinal herb sample set from the original medicinal herb sample set based on the multiple sets of sample feature sequences includes: identifying qualified sample feature sequences that meet preset feature standards from the multiple sets of sample feature sequences; determining the corresponding original medicinal herb samples based on the qualified sample feature sequences to obtain the breeding medicinal herb sample set.

[0036] Understandably, characteristic standards refer to a series of quantitative indicators and characteristic requirements artificially formulated by comprehensively considering factors such as the medicinal value, market demand, planting adaptability, and genetic stability of Chinese medicinal materials. For example, the standard range for the growth cycle of Salvia miltiorrhiza is 240-280 days to balance yield and quality; the main effective components of Salvia miltiorrhiza are tanshinone and salvianolic acid, and the characteristic standard can be that the tanshinone content should not be less than 0.3% and the salvianolic acid content should not be less than 3% to ensure medicinal efficacy; the characteristic standard for appearance characteristics can be that the shape is upright and the branches are uniform, the roots are thick, the surface is smooth, and the color is purplish-red; the characteristic standard for genetic stability can be that the variation rate is less than 0.8% and the ploidy variation coefficient is within ±6% to ensure the stable inheritance of excellent traits in multi-generational reproduction; a qualified sample characteristic sequence refers to a sample characteristic sequence in which all characteristic data in multiple groups of sample characteristic sequences meet the characteristic standards.

[0037] In detail, the process of regulating chromosome ploidy of the bred medicinal herb samples to obtain polyploid plants includes: obtaining explants from the bred medicinal herb samples; obtaining callus tissue from the explants, wherein the explants include: shoot tips, leaves, and root tips; performing standardized pretreatment on the callus tissue to obtain standard callus tissue, wherein the standardized pretreatment refers to standardizing the culture environment, nutritional conditions, and cellular physiological state of the callus tissue; performing ploidy regulation treatment on the standard callus tissue and inducing ploidy changes in the cellular chromosome set of the standard callus tissue to obtain variant callus tissue; inducing tissue differentiation of the variant callus tissue to obtain regenerated plants; performing ploidy identification on the regenerated plants to confirm the chromosome ploidy status of the regenerated plants; and screening polyploid plants based on the chromosome ploidy status.

[0038] It needs to be explained that explants refer to isolated tissues or organs selected from samples of bred medicinal herbs for tissue culture. Explants have strong cell division and differentiation capabilities and can regrow and develop into complete plants under suitable culture conditions. The shoot tip refers to the apical part of a plant stem; plants obtained through shoot tip culture can better maintain the superior traits of the parent plant. Leaves are the main organs of a plant that perform photosynthesis; their cells are totipotent and can dedifferentiate to form callus tissue under suitable culture conditions. The root tip is the apical part of the root, including the root cap, meristematic zone, elongation zone, and maturation zone. Cells in the meristematic zone are actively dividing, with a high division frequency and differentiation potential, and are easily induced to produce callus tissue in tissue culture.

[0039] It is understood that callus refers to a mass of thin-walled cells, lacking specific structure and function, formed during explant culture under specific culture media and conditions, where cells undergo dedifferentiation, lose their original differentiated state, and regain their ability to divide. Callus exhibits strong plasticity; its cells can be re-induced to differentiate into different tissues and organs under different culture conditions and hormone induction, making it an important intermediate stage in plant tissue culture. Standardization treatment refers to the operational process of adjusting the culture environment, nutritional conditions, and cellular physiological state of callus to specific standards. This operational process includes: adjusting the composition of the culture medium and optimizing culture conditions (such as temperature, light, and hormone concentration).

[0040] Specifically, standard callus refers to callus that has reached a specific standard after standardization treatment. Mutant callus refers to callus that has undergone ploidy regulation treatment, resulting in a change in chromosome ploidy. When standard callus is subjected to ploidy regulation treatment, chromosomes within the cell may exhibit nondisjunction, breakage, or rejoining during mitosis, leading to a change in the number of chromosome sets, thus forming mutant callus. The ploidy regulation treatment method is existing technology and will not be elaborated upon here.

[0041] It should be understood that regenerated plants refer to complete plants developed through tissue induction differentiation of mutated callus tissue, which allows it to redifferentiate into organs such as roots, stems, and leaves. During tissue induction differentiation, the proportion of plant hormones in the culture medium is adjusted, such as decreasing the concentration of auxin and increasing the concentration of cytokinin, to promote the differentiation of callus tissue into shoots. Once the shoots reach a certain height, they are transferred to a rooting medium. By adjusting the type and concentration of auxin in the medium, root formation is induced. After a period of cultivation, a complete regenerated plant is finally formed. For example, for mutated callus tissue of *Salvia miltiorrhiza*, the ratio of auxin to cytokinin in the differentiation medium is adjusted to 1:2 to induce the differentiation of callus tissue into shoots. When the shoots reach 2-3 cm in length, they are transferred to a rooting medium supplemented with an appropriate amount of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) to induce the formation of root primordia. In the culture chamber, the temperature is controlled at 25℃, the light intensity at 2000 lx, the light duration at 14 hours / day, and the relative humidity at 65% to promote the growth of shoots and roots, ultimately forming a complete *Salvia miltiorrhiza* regenerated plant.

[0042] S3. Perform pretreatment on the polyploid plants to obtain homozygous plants, wherein the pretreatment refers to tissue separation of the polyploid plants and elimination of chimerism through cytological detection and molecular marker technology.

[0043] It should be noted that homozygous ploidy refers to polyploid plants with a uniform number of chromosome sets and no chromosome ploidy mosaicism. In homozygous ploidy plants, each cell has the same number of chromosome sets, and the chromosome composition is stable and uniform. Homozygous ploidy plants are characterized by high genetic stability, and their superior traits are more stably inherited by offspring during reproduction. Chimera refers to an individual or part of a tissue containing two or more cells with different chromosome ploidies within the same plant. During polyploidization induction, due to various factors such as uneven induction treatment and asynchronous cell division, some cells may double their chromosomes, while others retain their original chromosome ploidy, thus forming a chimera. For example, in the polyploidization induction of *Salvia miltiorrhiza*, some cells successfully doubled to become tetraploid, but some adjacent cells remained diploid; this *Salvia miltiorrhiza* plant is a chimeric plant. The presence of chimeras can cause instability in the phenotypic expression of plants. During growth and development, cells of different ploidy will compete for nutrients and space, resulting in inconsistencies in plant morphology, physiological characteristics and content of effective components, thus affecting breeding results.

[0044] For example, a medicinal herb cultivation team conducted polyploid breeding of Salvia miltiorrhiza. During the polyploidization induction process, colchicine was used to treat the callus tissue of Salvia miltiorrhiza to induce chromosome doubling. The treated callus tissue contained both diploid and tetraploid cells, forming a chimera. To eliminate the chimera, the callus tissue was separated, and cells from different locations were subjected to cytological examinations (such as chromosome counting and flow cytometry) and molecular marker analysis (such as simple sequence repeat markers and single nucleotide polymorphism markers). It was found that some cells had tetraploid molecular markers, while others had diploid molecular markers. The portion composed of tetraploid cells was selected and used for subsequent tissue culture and plant regeneration.

[0045] Cytological testing refers to the methods used in cytological techniques to observe and analyze the cells of polyploid plants. Molecular marker technology refers to techniques based on DNA polymorphism to genetically mark and analyze organisms at the molecular level. Both cytological testing and molecular marker technology are existing technologies and will not be elaborated upon here.

[0046] The pretreatment operation of the polyploid plants to obtain homozygous plants includes: separating the polyploid plants into tissue samples; performing cytological and molecular marker tests on the tissue samples to determine whether chimeras are present; removing chimeras from the tissue samples to obtain homozygous tissue samples; directly identifying the tissue samples as homozygous tissue samples if no chimeras are present; and culturing the homozygous tissue samples to induce differentiation and regeneration, thereby obtaining homozygous plants.

[0047] It is important to understand that tissue samples refer to ex vivo tissues obtained from different parts of a polyploid plant through tissue isolation techniques. For example, a shoot tip tissue sample isolated from a polyploid Salvia miltiorrhiza plant includes the apical meristem and some surrounding cells. Homozygous ploidy tissue samples refer to tissue samples that, after cytological and molecular marker testing, have been confirmed to lack chromosomal mosaicism and have a consistent chromosome set.

[0048] Specifically, tissue isolation of the polyploid plants involves selecting suitable parts of the plant (such as stem tips, leaves, and root tips) for isolation. The selected parts are isolated under sterile conditions, and the isolated tissue samples are cultured in a medium containing specific plant growth regulators and nutrients. Throughout the tissue isolation process, the condition of the tissue samples needs to be monitored to ensure they are free from microbial contamination and that cell damage is minimized.

[0049] S4. Using a pre-constructed multi-dimensional evaluation model, calculate the breeding index of the homozygous plants to obtain a breeding index set. Extract the maximum breeding index from the breeding index set and identify the superior plants corresponding to the maximum breeding index.

[0050] It should be explained that the multi-dimensional evaluation model refers to a mathematically constructed model that comprehensively considers multiple key quality indicators, and can be used to evaluate the overall breeding value of homozygous ploidy plants. The breeding index is a quantitative value obtained by comprehensively calculating various characteristics of homozygous ploidy plants according to the multi-dimensional evaluation model. The breeding index comprehensively reflects the performance of homozygous ploidy plants on multiple key characteristic indicators. The breeding index set refers to the collection formed by summing the breeding indices of all homozygous ploidy plants to be evaluated. The maximum breeding index is the breeding index with the highest value in the breeding index set. Superior plants refer to the homozygous ploidy plants in the breeding index set that correspond to the maximum breeding index. Superior plants represent the plants that perform best in the multi-dimensional evaluation model, possess breeding value, and can be used as preferred materials for subsequent breeding and planting.

[0051] In detail, the breeding index of the homozygous ploidy plant is calculated using a pre-constructed multi-dimensional evaluation model to obtain a breeding index set. This includes: detecting the content of effective components in the homozygous ploidy plant to obtain homozygous effective component data, wherein the homozygous effective component data includes the actual content of various effective components; analyzing the appearance characteristics of the homozygous ploidy plant to obtain homozygous appearance characteristic data, wherein the homozygous appearance characteristic data includes the actual scores of each appearance characteristic; detecting the genetic stability of the homozygous ploidy plant to obtain homozygous genetic stability data, wherein the homozygous genetic stability data includes the actual data of each genetic stability; detecting the stress resistance of the homozygous ploidy plant to obtain homozygous stress resistance data, wherein the homozygous stress resistance data includes the actual data of each stress resistance; substituting the homozygous effective component data, homozygous appearance characteristic data, homozygous genetic stability data, and homozygous stress resistance data into the multi-dimensional evaluation model to calculate the breeding index of the homozygous ploidy plant; and summarizing the breeding indices to obtain a breeding index set.

[0052] It should be explained that homozygous active ingredient data refers to the content of medicinally valuable chemical components in homozygous ploidy plants. Homozygous appearance characteristic data refers to the quantified data obtained by examining the characteristics of homozygous ploidy plants in terms of morphology, color, and texture. Homozygous genetic stability data refers to the stability of homozygous ploidy plants at the genetic material level.

[0053] It should be understood that stress resistance refers to the ability of homozygous ploidy plants to maintain normal growth, development, physiological functions, yield, and quality when faced with adverse environmental factors. These adverse environmental factors include: diseases (such as fungal infections and bacterial infections), pests (such as aphids and spider mites), harsh climates (such as drought, high temperatures, low temperatures, and strong winds), and soil conditions (such as salinization and infertility). For example, in arid environments, plants maintain water balance through physiological mechanisms such as regulating stomatal opening and closing and osmotic regulation of substance accumulation, ensuring the normal functioning of physiological processes such as photosynthesis. When attacked by diseases and pests, plants activate their own defense responses, producing phytoalexins, disease-related proteins, and other substances to resist damage. Homozygous stress resistance data refers to data obtained by simulating or actually setting various adverse environments to detect and quantify the stress resistance ability of homozygous ploidy plants.

[0054] Specifically, the multi-dimensional evaluation model is as follows: ,in, Indicates the breeding index, Indicates the number of types of active ingredients. This represents the actual content of the i-th active ingredient. This represents the standard content of the i-th active ingredient. The number of evaluation items representing appearance features. This represents the actual score for the j-th appearance feature. This represents the standard score for the j-th appearance feature. The number of assessment items indicating genetic stability This represents the actual data indicating the genetic stability of the k-th term. Standard data representing the genetic stability of the k-th term. The number of assessment items indicating resilience. This represents the actual data for the resistance to adversity of item l. The standard data representing the resistance to stress of the lth term, , , , These are the weighting coefficients for homozygous effective component data, homozygous appearance characteristic data, homozygous genetic stability data, and homozygous stress resistance data, respectively.

[0055] In detail, calculating the breeding index using a multi-dimensional evaluation model requires a comprehensive assessment from multiple dimensions. For the effective content component, the ratio of actual content to standard content provides a clear visual representation of the relative relationship between the actual and standard contents of each effective ingredient. If... Higher than If the ratio is greater than 1, it indicates that the actual content is better than the standard, which has a positive effect on improving the breeding index. For appearance characteristics, the ratio of the actual score to the standard score measures the quality of appearance characteristics. Taking root size as an example, an actual score of 95 compared to a standard score of 80 indicates that the plant's root size is better than the standard level. Regarding genetic stability, the ratio of actual genetic stability to standard genetic stability is used. The higher the actual genetic stability value (the lower the mutation rate and the smaller the chromosome ploidy coefficient), the more significant the improvement in the breeding index. For stress resistance, the ratio of actual stress resistance to standard stress resistance directly reflects the strength of the plant's stress resistance. For example, a stress resistance ratio of 83 compared to a standard score of 76 has a value greater than 1, indicating that its stress resistance is better than the standard level.

[0056] For example, in a breeding experiment, a batch of homozygous tetraploid Salvia miltiorrhiza plants were obtained through screening and cultivation. The effective components of one of these plants were tanshinone and salvianolic acid, with actual contents of 0.35% and 3.2%, respectively, and standard contents of 0.3% and 3.0%. Appearance characteristics included root size and color uniformity, with actual values ​​of 95 and 88, and standard values ​​of 80 and 83. Genetic stability was represented by the rate of variation and coefficient of variation, with actual stability of 0.5% and 3%, and standard stability of 0.8% and 6%. Stress resistance had an actual value of 83, and a standard value of 76. The weighting coefficients for homozygous effective component data were 0.4, for homozygous appearance characteristics data 0.15, for homozygous genetic stability data 0.2, and for homozygous stress resistance data 0.25. The breeding index of this homozygous tetraploid Salvia miltiorrhiza was calculated to be 1.73 using a multi-dimensional model.

[0057] S5. Conduct environmental adaptability testing on the superior plantlets to obtain the target plantlets. The environmental adaptability testing refers to conducting experiments on the superior plantlets under different environmental conditions to test their environmental adaptability.

[0058] It should be explained that the target plant refers to the superior plant that, after environmental adaptability testing, exceeds the predicted performance in various environments.

[0059] In detail, the step of conducting environmental adaptability testing on the superior plant to obtain the target plant includes: acquiring multiple environmental conditions; obtaining a corresponding environmental adaptability testing scheme based on the environmental conditions; conducting environmental adaptability testing on the superior plant according to the environmental adaptability testing scheme to obtain multiple environmental adaptability levels; determining whether the environmental adaptability level is greater than a preset adaptability standard; if the environmental adaptability level is not greater than the adaptability standard, removing the maximum breeding index corresponding to the superior plant from the breeding index set, updating the breeding index set, and returning to the steps of extracting the maximum breeding index from the breeding index set and identifying the superior plant corresponding to the maximum breeding index; if the environmental adaptability level is greater than the adaptability standard, confirming the superior plant as the target plant.

[0060] It should be noted that environmental conditions refer to different natural and artificially simulated growth conditions, including: soil type (such as soil pH, soil fertility, soil texture, etc.), climate conditions (such as temperature, humidity, light, etc.), pest and disease pressure, and water supply. Environmental adaptability testing programs refer to specific testing methods and evaluation standards developed for different environmental conditions. For example: prepare soil substrates with different pH values, plant superior plants in them, and measure plant height, number of new leaves, root length, and other growth indicators every 15 days. Collect leaf and root samples monthly to test the content of mineral elements (such as calcium, magnesium, iron, etc.) to assess the plant's absorption of nutrients in soils with different pH levels.

[0061] It should be explained that environmental adaptability refers to the quantitative assessment of a superior plant's ability to grow, develop, and maintain its superior traits under specific environmental conditions through environmental adaptability testing. Adaptability standards refer to artificially set standards used to judge whether a superior plant is adapted to specific environmental conditions, and can be based on historical data, industry standards, or breeding objectives.

[0062] Specifically, if the environmental adaptability of a superior plant does not meet the adaptability standard, it indicates that the plant's growth, development, and ability to maintain superior traits under the corresponding environmental conditions have not met expectations. In this case, the plant with the highest breeding index needs to be removed from the breeding index set. After this removal, the breeding index set needs to be updated, the highest breeding index re-extracted, and the plant with the best overall breeding potential among the remaining plants screened out. After re-screening new superior plants, the subsequent environmental adaptability testing process continues until a superior plant with an environmental adaptability exceeding the adaptability standard under multiple environmental conditions is selected and confirmed as the target plant.

[0063] S6. The target plant is subjected to self-pollination or asexual reproduction to obtain offspring plants.

[0064] Understandably, offspring plants refer to the new generation of plants produced from the target plant through self-pollination or asexual reproduction. Self-pollination refers to the mating method in which the male and female gametes of a plant come from the same plant. Through self-pollination, the genes of the target plant can become homozygous, which helps to select homozygous offspring with stable and desirable traits. Asexual reproduction refers to the reproductive method in which new individuals are produced directly from the parent plant without the fusion of male and female gametes.

[0065] In detail, the process of self-pollinating or asexually reproducing the target plant to obtain offspring plants includes: identifying the reproductive characteristics of the target plant, wherein the reproductive characteristics include: having stable sexual reproductive capacity and genetic traits that can be stably inherited through seeds, having asexual reproductive characteristics, or having sexual reproductive barriers; if the reproductive characteristics are having stable sexual reproductive capacity and genetic traits that can be stably inherited through seeds, then self-pollination is performed by natural pollination or artificial pollination to obtain offspring plants; if the reproductive characteristics are having asexual reproductive characteristics or having sexual reproductive barriers, then explant material from the target plant is used for in vitro culture to obtain offspring plants.

[0066] It should be noted that reproductive characteristics refer to the attributes of a target plant that have been formed during long-term evolution, determining its reproductive methods and related genetic traits. Having stable sexual reproductive capacity and that genetic traits can be stably inherited through seeds means that the target plant can normally produce viable male and female gametes. After pollination and fertilization, the seeds develop well and stably pass on various traits of the target plant (such as morphological characteristics, physiological characteristics, and stress resistance) to the next generation. Having asexual reproductive characteristics means that the target plant can produce new individuals through asexual methods such as cuttings, grafting, and tissue culture, and that the new individuals can inherit the genetic information and traits of the parent plant. The presence of sexual reproductive obstacles indicates that the target plant encounters difficulties in sexual reproduction, such as the inability to form gametes normally, low gamete viability, self-incompatibility, or reproductive isolation, making it difficult to produce offspring through natural sexual reproduction.

[0067] It needs to be explained that natural pollination refers to the process where, under natural environmental conditions, pollen produced by the target plant is transferred to the stigma of its own pistil by natural vectors such as wind and insects, thus completing fertilization. Artificial pollination refers to the process where, under artificially controlled conditions, tools are used to collect pollen from the target plant and transfer it to the stigma of the same plant. In vitro culture refers to placing explant material from the target plant in a culture medium and inducing its differentiation and regeneration through hormone regulation and environmental control to form new plants.

[0068] For example, a medicinal herb cultivation team is breeding *Dendrobium officinale*, which exhibits asexual reproduction characteristics and requires in vitro culture. Stem tips are taken from the target *Dendrobium officinale* plant as explant material. The stem tips are disinfected with 70% alcohol for 30 seconds, then with 0.1% mercuric chloride solution for 10 minutes, and finally rinsed 3-5 times with sterile water. The disinfected explant material is inoculated onto a culture medium supplemented with MS medium, hormones (such as 6-BA, NAA), sugar, agar, etc., and placed in a culture room for cultivation. Through hormone regulation and environmental control, callus tissue is induced from the explant material, which then differentiates into adventitious buds and roots, forming progeny plants.

[0069] S7. Perform characteristic analysis on the offspring plants and remove offspring plants that do not meet the preset offspring characteristic standards to obtain the target offspring plants, thus completing the ploidy breeding based on the fusion of multidimensional quality of Chinese medicinal materials.

[0070] It should be understood that progeny characteristic standards refer to the quantitative indicators and characteristic requirements for evaluating progeny plants, pre-set according to breeding objectives and market demand. For example, a medicinal herb breeding team, with the main goal of increasing the content of effective components in medicinal herbs, has cultivated Salvia miltiorrhiza and Panax notoginseng. The progeny characteristic standards set for Salvia miltiorrhiza plants are that the content of tanshinone IIA should reach 0.38% and the content of salvianolic acid B should reach 3.8%; the progeny characteristic standards set for Panax notoginseng plants are that the total saponin content should reach 8.0%, and the contents of notoginsenoside R1, ginsenoside Rg1, and ginsenoside Rb1 should reach 0.20%, 0.30%, and 0.25%, respectively.

[0071] Understandably, target progeny plants refer to progeny plants that meet the preset progeny characteristic standards after characteristic analysis. Target progeny plants exhibit excellent performance in a comprehensive range of breeding indicators, including: effective component content, appearance characteristics, growth cycle, genetic stability, and stress resistance, and can be considered as the final breeding result.

[0072] To address the problems described in the background art, this invention obtains a set of original Chinese medicinal herb samples, performs feature analysis on these samples, and obtains multiple sets of sample feature sequences. These sample feature sequences include: growth cycle, effective component content, appearance characteristics, and genetic stability. The sample feature sequences reflect the comprehensive performance of each original Chinese medicinal herb sample in multiple dimensions of quality. Therefore, feature standards can be preset. By comparing the sample feature sequences and feature standards, a set of breeding Chinese medicinal herb samples with cultivation value can be screened from the original Chinese medicinal herb sample set. Breeding Chinese medicinal herb samples are then extracted sequentially from the breeding sample set. By performing chromosome ploidy regulation on these breeding samples, their chromosome ploidy can be changed to obtain polyploid plants. The chromosome ploidy regulation refers to changing the chromosome ploidy of the breeding Chinese medicinal herb samples using chemical agents or physical methods. After obtaining polyploid plants, it is necessary to further optimize the quality of the polyploid plants and ensure their genetic stability. Therefore, the polyploid plants undergo pretreatment to obtain homozygous ploid plants. The process involves several steps. First, pretreatment of polyploid plants involves tissue isolation and elimination of chimerism through cytological detection and molecular marker technology. A pre-constructed multidimensional evaluation model is used to calculate the breeding index of the homozygous plants, resulting in a breeding index set. Since the breeding index reflects the multidimensional characteristics of the homozygous plants, the maximum breeding index can be extracted from this set. The maximum breeding index corresponds to the superior plant with the best multidimensional characteristics. Environmental adaptability testing is then performed on these superior plants to obtain target plants. This environmental adaptability testing involves experimenting with the superior plants under different environmental conditions to assess their environmental adaptability. The target plants are then self-pollinated or propagated asexually to obtain offspring plants. Because the offspring plants need to meet breeding requirements, offspring characteristic standards need to be set. These standards are then used to analyze the characteristics of the offspring plants, and offspring plants that meet the preset offspring characteristic standards are selected to obtain target offspring plants. This completes the polyploid breeding based on the fusion of multidimensional qualities of Chinese medicinal materials. Therefore, this invention can solve the problem of inaccurate evaluation criteria in the current breeding process of Chinese medicinal materials.

[0073] like Figure 2 The diagram shown is a functional block diagram of a ploidy breeding system based on the fusion of multidimensional quality of Chinese medicinal materials, provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0074] The ploidy breeding system 100 based on the fusion of multidimensional quality of Chinese medicinal materials described in this invention can be installed in an electronic device. Depending on the functions implemented, the ploidy breeding system 100 may include a medicinal material acquisition and analysis module 101, a medicinal material screening and regulation module 102, an evaluation model calculation module 103, and a plant detection and selection module 104. The module described in this invention can also be called a unit, which refers to a series of computer program segments that can be executed by the processor of an electronic device and can perform a fixed function, stored in the memory of the electronic device.

[0075] The medicinal material acquisition and analysis module 101 is used to acquire a raw medicinal material sample set, perform feature analysis on the raw medicinal material sample set, and obtain multiple sets of sample feature sequences, wherein the sample feature sequences include: growth cycle, effective component content, appearance characteristics, and genetic stability; the medicinal material screening and regulation module 102 is used to screen out a breeding medicinal material sample set from the raw medicinal material sample set according to the multiple sets of sample feature sequences, extract breeding medicinal material samples sequentially from the breeding medicinal material sample set, and perform chromosome ploidy regulation on the breeding medicinal material samples to obtain polyploid plants, wherein the chromosome ploidy regulation refers to changing the chromosome ploidy of the breeding medicinal material samples by using chemical agents or physical methods, and performing pretreatment operations on the polyploid plants to obtain homozygous plants, wherein the pretreatment operation The process involves tissue isolation of polyploid plants and elimination of chimerism through cytological detection and molecular marker technology. The evaluation model calculation module 103 is used to calculate the breeding index of the homozygous plants using a pre-constructed multidimensional evaluation model, obtain a breeding index set, extract the maximum breeding index from the breeding index set, and identify the superior plant corresponding to the maximum breeding index. The plant detection and selection module 104 is used to perform environmental adaptability testing on the superior plants to obtain target plants. The environmental adaptability testing refers to conducting experiments on the superior plants under different environmental conditions to detect their environmental adaptability. The target plants are then self-pollinated or asexually propagated to obtain offspring plants. The offspring plants are then subjected to feature analysis, and offspring plants that do not meet the preset offspring feature standards are removed to obtain the target offspring plants.

[0076] In detail, the modules in the ploidy breeding system 100 based on the multidimensional quality fusion of Chinese medicinal materials described in this embodiment of the invention adopt the same characteristics as described above when in use. Figure 1 The same technical means are used in the polyploid breeding method based on the fusion of multidimensional quality of Chinese medicinal materials described in the article, and can produce the same technical effect, so it will not be repeated here.

[0077] like Figure 3 The diagram shown is a schematic diagram of an electronic device for implementing a ploidy breeding method based on the fusion of multidimensional quality of Chinese medicinal materials, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0078] The electronic device 1 may include a processor 10, a memory 11 and a bus 12, and may also include a computer program stored in the memory 11 and capable of running on the processor 10, such as a program for a polyploid breeding method based on the fusion of multidimensional quality of Chinese medicinal materials.

[0079] The memory 11 includes at least one type of readable storage medium, including flash memory, portable hard drive, multimedia card, card-type memory (e.g., SD or DX memory), magnetic memory, disk, optical disk, etc. In some embodiments, the memory 11 can be an internal storage unit of the electronic device 1, such as the portable hard drive of the electronic device 1. In other embodiments, the memory 11 can be an external storage device of the electronic device 1, such as a plug-in portable hard drive, smart media card (SMC), secure digital card (SD), flash card, etc., equipped on the electronic device 1. Furthermore, the memory 11 includes both internal storage units and external storage devices of the electronic device 1. The memory 11 can be used not only to store application software and various types of data installed on the electronic device 1, such as the code of a polyploid breeding method program based on the multidimensional quality fusion of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, but also to temporarily store data that has been output or will be output.

[0080] In some embodiments, the processor 10 may be composed of integrated circuits, such as a single packaged integrated circuit or multiple integrated circuits with the same or different functions, including combinations of one or more central processing units (CPUs), microprocessors, digital processing chips, graphics processors, and various control chips. The processor 10 is the control unit of the electronic device, connecting various components of the entire electronic device through various interfaces and lines. It executes programs or modules stored in the memory 11 (e.g., a program for polyploid breeding based on the multidimensional quality fusion of traditional Chinese medicinal materials) and calls data stored in the memory 11 to perform various functions of the electronic device 1 and process data.

[0081] The bus 12 can be a peripheral component interconnect (PCI) bus or an extended industry standard architecture (EISA) bus, etc. The bus 12 can be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, etc. The bus 12 is configured to realize the connection and communication between the memory 11 and at least one processor 10, etc.

[0082] Figure 3 Only electronic devices with components are shown; it will be understood by those skilled in the art that... Figure 3 The structure shown does not constitute a limitation on the electronic device 1, and may include fewer or more components than shown, or combine certain components, or have different component arrangements.

[0083] For example, although not shown, the electronic device 1 may also include a power supply (such as a battery) to power the various components. Preferably, the power supply can be logically connected to the at least one processor 10 through a power management device, thereby enabling functions such as charging management, discharging management, and power consumption management. The power supply may also include one or more DC or AC power supplies, recharging devices, power fault detection circuits, power converters or inverters, power status indicators, and other arbitrary components. The electronic device 1 may also include various sensors, Bluetooth modules, Wi-Fi modules, etc., which will not be described in detail here.

[0084] Furthermore, the electronic device 1 may also include a network interface. Optionally, the network interface may include a wired interface and / or a wireless interface (such as a Wi-Fi interface, a Bluetooth interface, etc.), which is typically used to establish communication connections between the electronic device 1 and other electronic devices.

[0085] Optionally, the electronic device 1 may further include a user interface, which may be a display, an input unit (such as a keyboard), and optionally, a standard wired interface or a wireless interface. Optionally, in some embodiments, the display may be an LED display, a liquid crystal display, a touch-sensitive liquid crystal display, or an OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode) touchscreen, etc. The display may also be appropriately referred to as a screen or display unit, used to display information processed in the electronic device 1 and to display a visual user interface.

[0086] The program for ploidy breeding based on multidimensional quality fusion of Chinese medicinal materials, stored in the memory 11 of the electronic device 1, is a combination of multiple instructions. When run in the processor 10, it can achieve the following: acquiring an original set of Chinese medicinal material samples; performing feature analysis on the original set of Chinese medicinal material samples to obtain multiple sets of sample feature sequences, wherein the sample feature sequences include: growth cycle, effective component content, appearance characteristics, and genetic stability; screening out a breeding set of Chinese medicinal material samples from the original set of Chinese medicinal material samples based on the multiple sets of sample feature sequences; sequentially extracting breeding samples from the breeding set of Chinese medicinal material samples; performing chromosome ploidy regulation on the breeding samples to obtain polyploid plants, wherein chromosome ploidy regulation refers to changing the chromosome ploidy of the breeding samples by using chemical agents or physical methods; and performing pre-treatment on the polyploid plants. The process involves several steps: First, homozygous ploid plants are obtained through pretreatment. This pretreatment includes tissue isolation of the polyploid plants and elimination of chimerism using cytological detection and molecular marker technology. Second, a pre-constructed multidimensional evaluation model is used to calculate the breeding index of the homozygous ploid plants, resulting in a breeding index set. Third, the maximum breeding index is extracted from the breeding index set, and the superior plant corresponding to the maximum breeding index is identified. Fourth, environmental adaptability testing is performed on the superior plant to obtain target plants. This environmental adaptability testing involves experimenting with the superior plant under different environmental conditions to detect its degree of environmental adaptation. Fifth, the target plants are self-pollinated or propagated asexually to obtain offspring plants. Sixth, the offspring plants are subjected to feature analysis, and offspring plants that do not meet the preset offspring feature standards are removed to obtain the target offspring plants, thus completing the ploidy breeding based on the multidimensional quality integration of Chinese medicinal materials.

[0087] Specifically, the processor 10's implementation method for the above instructions can be found in [reference needed]. Figures 1 to 3 The descriptions of the relevant steps in the corresponding embodiments are not repeated here.

[0088] Furthermore, if the modules / units integrated in the electronic device 1 are implemented as software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium can be volatile or non-volatile. For example, the computer-readable medium may include: any entity or device capable of carrying the computer program code, a recording medium, a USB flash drive, a portable hard drive, a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a computer memory, or a read-only memory (ROM).

[0089] This invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor of an electronic device, can: acquire a set of original Chinese medicinal herb samples; perform feature analysis on the original Chinese medicinal herb sample set to obtain multiple sets of sample feature sequences, wherein the sample feature sequences include: growth cycle, effective component content, appearance characteristics, and genetic stability; screen a set of breeding Chinese medicinal herb samples from the original Chinese medicinal herb sample set based on the multiple sets of sample feature sequences; sequentially extract breeding Chinese medicinal herb samples from the breeding Chinese medicinal herb sample set; perform chromosome ploidy regulation on the breeding Chinese medicinal herb samples to obtain polyploid plants, wherein the chromosome ploidy regulation refers to changing the chromosome ploidy of the breeding Chinese medicinal herb samples by using chemical agents or physical methods; and pretreat the polyploid plants. The process involves several steps: obtaining homozygous ploid plants; pretreatment of polyploid plants by separating tissues and eliminating chimerism through cytological detection and molecular marker technology; calculating the breeding index of the homozygous ploid plants using a pre-constructed multidimensional evaluation model to obtain a breeding index set; extracting the maximum breeding index from the breeding index set to identify the superior plant corresponding to the maximum breeding index; conducting environmental adaptability testing on the superior plant to obtain target plants, wherein environmental adaptability testing involves testing the superior plant under different environmental conditions to detect the degree of environmental adaptability; self-pollinating or asexually reproducing the target plants to obtain offspring plants; performing feature analysis on the offspring plants and removing offspring plants that do not meet the preset offspring feature standards to obtain target offspring plants, thus completing the ploidy breeding based on the multidimensional quality integration of Chinese medicinal materials.

[0090] In the embodiments provided by this invention, it should be understood that the disclosed devices, systems, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the system embodiments described above are merely illustrative, and actual implementations may have other classification methods.

[0091] The modules described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as modules may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0092] Furthermore, the functional modules in the various embodiments of the present invention can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or in the form of hardware plus software functional modules.

[0093] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the present invention.

[0094] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A ploidy breeding method based on the fusion of multidimensional quality of Chinese medicinal materials, characterized in that, The method includes: acquiring an original set of Chinese medicinal materials samples; performing feature analysis on the original set of Chinese medicinal materials samples to obtain multiple sets of sample feature sequences, wherein the sample feature sequences include: growth cycle, effective component content, appearance characteristics, and genetic stability; screening a breeding set of Chinese medicinal materials samples from the original set of Chinese medicinal materials samples based on the multiple sets of sample feature sequences; sequentially extracting breeding samples from the breeding set of Chinese medicinal materials samples; performing chromosome ploidy regulation on the breeding samples to obtain polyploid plants, wherein chromosome ploidy regulation refers to changing the chromosome ploidy of the breeding samples using chemical agents or physical methods; and performing pretreatment on the polyploid plants to obtain homozygous plants, wherein the pretreatment refers to... The plants were subjected to tissue isolation, and chimerism was eliminated through cytological detection and molecular marker technology. A pre-constructed multidimensional evaluation model was used to calculate the breeding index of the homozygous ploidy plants, resulting in a breeding index set. The maximum breeding index was extracted from the breeding index set, and the superior plant corresponding to the maximum breeding index was identified. Environmental adaptability testing was performed on the superior plant to obtain target plants. Environmental adaptability testing refers to conducting experiments on the superior plant under different environmental conditions to detect its degree of environmental adaptability. The target plants were then subjected to self-pollination or asexual reproduction to obtain offspring plants. Characteristic analysis was performed on the offspring plants, and offspring plants that did not meet the preset offspring characteristic standards were removed to obtain target offspring plants, thus completing the ploidy breeding based on the multidimensional quality integration of Chinese medicinal materials.

2. The ploidy breeding method based on the fusion of multidimensional quality of Chinese medicinal materials as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The process of performing feature analysis on the original Chinese medicinal herb sample set to obtain multiple sets of sample feature sequences includes: sequentially extracting original Chinese medicinal herb samples from the original Chinese medicinal herb sample set; recording the growth cycle data of the original Chinese medicinal herb samples; using preset chemical analysis methods to detect the content of effective components in the original Chinese medicinal herb samples and obtain effective component content data, wherein the chemical analysis methods include: high performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; analyzing the appearance characteristics of the original Chinese medicinal herb samples and obtaining appearance characteristic data, wherein the appearance characteristics include: shape, size, texture, and color; detecting the genetic stability of the original Chinese medicinal herb samples and obtaining genetic stability data; and summarizing the growth cycle data, effective component content data, appearance characteristic data, and genetic stability data to obtain multiple sets of sample feature sequences.

3. The ploidy breeding method based on the fusion of multidimensional quality of Chinese medicinal materials as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The step of selecting a breeding medicinal herb sample set from the original medicinal herb sample set based on the multiple sets of sample feature sequences includes: identifying qualified sample feature sequences that meet preset feature standards from the multiple sets of sample feature sequences; determining the corresponding original medicinal herb samples based on the qualified sample feature sequences to obtain the breeding medicinal herb sample set.

4. The ploidy breeding method based on the fusion of multidimensional quality of Chinese medicinal materials as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The method of regulating chromosome ploidy of the bred medicinal herb samples to obtain polyploid plants includes: obtaining explants from the bred medicinal herb samples; obtaining callus tissue from the explants, wherein the explants include: shoot tips, leaves, and root tips; performing standardized pretreatment on the callus tissue to obtain standard callus tissue, wherein the standardized pretreatment refers to standardizing the culture environment, nutritional conditions, and cell physiological state of the callus tissue; performing ploidy regulation treatment on the standard callus tissue and inducing ploidy changes in the cellular chromosome set of the standard callus tissue to obtain variant callus tissue; performing tissue-induced differentiation on the variant callus tissue to obtain regenerated plants; performing ploidy identification on the regenerated plants to confirm the chromosome ploidy status of the regenerated plants; and screening polyploid plants based on the chromosome ploidy status.

5. The ploidy breeding method based on the fusion of multidimensional quality of Chinese medicinal materials as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The pretreatment operation of the polyploid plants to obtain homozygous plants includes: separating the polyploid plants into tissue samples; performing cytological and molecular marker tests on the tissue samples to determine whether chimeras are present; removing chimeras from the tissue samples to obtain homozygous tissue samples; directly identifying the tissue samples as homozygous tissue samples if no chimeras are present; and culturing the homozygous tissue samples to induce differentiation and regeneration, thereby obtaining homozygous plants.

6. The ploidy breeding method based on the fusion of multidimensional quality of Chinese medicinal materials as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The breeding index of the homozygous ploidy plant is calculated using a pre-constructed multidimensional evaluation model to obtain a breeding index set. This includes: detecting the content of effective components in the homozygous ploidy plant to obtain homozygous effective component data, wherein the homozygous effective component data includes the actual content of each effective component; analyzing the appearance characteristics of the homozygous ploidy plant to obtain homozygous appearance characteristic data, wherein the homozygous appearance characteristic data includes the actual scores of each appearance characteristic; detecting the genetic stability of the homozygous ploidy plant to obtain homozygous genetic stability data, wherein the homozygous genetic stability data includes the actual data of each genetic stability; detecting the stress resistance of the homozygous ploidy plant to obtain homozygous stress resistance data, wherein the homozygous stress resistance data includes the actual data of each stress resistance; substituting the homozygous effective component data, homozygous appearance characteristic data, homozygous genetic stability data, and homozygous stress resistance data into the multidimensional evaluation model to calculate the breeding index of the homozygous ploidy plant; and summarizing the breeding indices to obtain a breeding index set.

7. The ploidy breeding method based on the fusion of multidimensional quality of Chinese medicinal materials as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The multi-dimensional evaluation model is shown below: ,in, Indicates the breeding index, Indicates the number of types of active ingredients. This represents the actual content of the i-th active ingredient. This represents the standard content of the i-th active ingredient. The number of evaluation items representing appearance features. This represents the actual score for the j-th appearance feature. This represents the standard score for the j-th appearance feature. The number of assessment items indicating genetic stability This represents the actual data indicating the genetic stability of the k-th term. Standard data representing the genetic stability of the k-th term. The number of assessment items indicating resilience. This represents the actual data for the resistance to adversity of item l. The standard data representing the resistance to stress of the lth term, , , , These are the weighting coefficients for homozygous effective component data, homozygous appearance characteristic data, homozygous genetic stability data, and homozygous stress resistance data, respectively.

8. The ploidy breeding method based on the fusion of multidimensional quality of Chinese medicinal materials as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The step of conducting environmental adaptability testing on the superior plantlets to obtain target plants includes: acquiring multiple environmental conditions; obtaining corresponding environmental adaptability testing schemes based on the environmental conditions; conducting environmental adaptability testing on the superior plantlets according to the environmental adaptability testing schemes to obtain multiple environmental adaptability levels; determining whether the environmental adaptability levels meet preset adaptability standards; if the environmental adaptability levels meet the adaptability standards, removing the maximum breeding index corresponding to the superior plantlet from the breeding index set, updating the breeding index set, and returning to the steps of extracting the maximum breeding index from the breeding index set and identifying the superior plantlet corresponding to the maximum breeding index; if the environmental adaptability levels do not meet the adaptability standards, confirming the superior plantlet as the target plantlet.

9. The ploidy breeding method based on the fusion of multidimensional quality of Chinese medicinal materials as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The step of performing self-pollination or asexual reproduction on the target plant to obtain offspring plants includes: identifying the reproductive characteristics of the target plant, wherein the reproductive characteristics include: having stable sexual reproductive capacity and genetic traits that can be stably inherited through seeds, having asexual reproductive characteristics, or having sexual reproductive barriers; if the reproductive characteristics are having stable sexual reproductive capacity and genetic traits that can be stably inherited through seeds, then self-pollination is performed by natural pollination or artificial pollination to obtain offspring plants; if the reproductive characteristics are having asexual reproductive characteristics or having sexual reproductive barriers, then explant material from the target plant is used for in vitro culture to obtain offspring plants.

10. A ploidy breeding system based on the fusion of multidimensional quality of Chinese medicinal materials, characterized in that, The system includes: a medicinal material acquisition and analysis module, used to acquire a raw medicinal material sample set, perform feature analysis on the raw medicinal material sample set to obtain multiple sets of sample feature sequences, wherein the sample feature sequences include: growth cycle, effective component content, appearance characteristics, and genetic stability; and a medicinal material screening and regulation module, used to screen a breeding medicinal material sample set from the raw medicinal material sample set according to the multiple sets of sample feature sequences, sequentially extract breeding medicinal material samples from the breeding medicinal material sample set, and perform chromosome ploidy regulation on the breeding medicinal material samples to obtain polyploid plants, wherein the chromosome ploidy regulation refers to changing the chromosome ploidy of the breeding medicinal material samples by using chemical agents or physical methods, and pre-treating the polyploid plants to obtain homozygous plants. The pretreatment operation refers to tissue isolation of polyploid plants and elimination of chimerism through cytological detection and molecular marker technology; the evaluation model calculation module is used to calculate the breeding index of the homozygous plants using a pre-constructed multidimensional evaluation model to obtain a breeding index set, extract the maximum breeding index from the breeding index set, and identify the superior plant corresponding to the maximum breeding index; the plant detection and selection module is used to conduct environmental adaptability testing on the superior plants to obtain target plants. The environmental adaptability testing refers to conducting experiments on the superior plants under different environmental conditions to detect their environmental adaptability. The target plants are then self-pollinated or asexually propagated to obtain offspring plants. The offspring plants are then subjected to feature analysis, and offspring plants that do not meet the preset offspring feature standards are removed to obtain the target offspring plants.

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