Preparation method of biomass-derived hierarchical porous carbon material based on CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) editing

Abstract

The invention provides a preparation method of a biomass derived porous carbon material based on CRISPR editing, and relates to the technical field of preparation and application of porous carbon materials, the preparation method comprises the following steps: selecting a biomass raw material, the biomass raw material comprises lignin, the lignin content is greater than or equal to 15wt%, a CRISPR-Cas9 system is adopted to perform targeted editing on a key gene COMT synthesized by the lignin, and the lignin content is greater than or equal to 15wt%; and editing the COMT key gene by using a compound composed of sgRNA and Cas9 protein to obtain an edited biomass. According to the preparation method of the biomass-derived hierarchical porous carbon material based on CRISPR editing, a CRISPR-Cas9 system is adopted to carry out targeted editing on lignin synthesis key genes in biomass, and structure adjustment of lignin is successfully realized. And then, plasma cracking, MOF gas phase doping, pyrolysis, activation treatment and other process steps are combined to obtain the carbon material with the hierarchical pore structure, so that the specific surface area and the pore structure of the material are improved, and the performance of the material is optimized.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of preparation and application of porous carbon materials, in particular to a preparation method of biomass-derived hierarchical porous carbon material based on CRISPR editing. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, biomass is an important source of carbon materials, and its natural structure contains abundant cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Through pyrolysis, chemical activation or template method, it can be converted into porous carbon material. This kind of carbon material has high specific surface area and good electrical conductivity, and is widely used in supercapacitor electrode, lithium ion battery negative electrode, electrocatalytic carrier and gas adsorption material. In the actual preparation process, researchers often use physical activator or chemical activator to introduce pores to form micro-porous, mesoporous and macroporous hierarchical structure. At the same time, some scholars also use hard template and soft template technology to control the pore structure, so as to realize the optimization of pore size distribution. In recent years, with the development of gene editing and synthetic biology, researchers try to change the proportion of raw material composition by metabolic regulation at the biomass source stage, which provides a new structural basis for the subsequent carbonization process. This trend makes the biomass-derived carbon material gradually extend from simple physical and chemical treatment to the combination of gene level and material engineering.

[0003] However, the existing technology still has significant deficiencies in practical application. The most core problem is that the pore structure regulation of traditional biomass-derived carbon material lacks accuracy, usually relies on high temperature pyrolysis and chemical activation, and it is difficult to realize precise control of microstructure. This leads to the uneven pore size distribution of the obtained carbon material, poor structural stability, and difficulty in balancing the high specific surface area and high electrical conductivity. Especially in energy storage and catalytic applications, this uncontrollable structure will significantly reduce the electrochemical performance and cycle stability, limiting the application potential of the material in high-performance devices. Therefore, how to realize structure regulation at the biomass source stage through more efficient and more accurate means has become a key problem to be solved. SUMMARY

[0004] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present application provides a preparation method of biomass-derived hierarchical porous carbon material based on CRISPR editing, which solves the technical problems of how to optimize biomass lignin synthesis through CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technology, and solves the problems of low efficiency, poor performance and environmental protection in the preparation of traditional hierarchical porous carbon material by combining plasma cracking, MOF gas phase doping, pyrolysis and activation treatment processes.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present application is realized by the following technical scheme: a preparation method of biomass-derived hierarchical porous carbon material based on CRISPR editing, comprising: S1. Select biomass raw materials, wherein the biomass raw materials contain lignin, wherein the lignin content is ≥15wt%, and use the CRISPR-Cas9 system to target and edit the key gene COMT of lignin synthesis, using a complex composed of sgRNA and Cas9 protein to edit the COMT key gene to obtain edited biomass; S2. The edited biomass is subjected to plasma pyrolysis under an inert gas protective atmosphere to obtain precursor powder; S3. The precursor powder is subjected to MOF vapor phase doping, pyrolysis and activation treatment in sequence to obtain a carbon material with a hierarchical porous structure. S4. The carbon material is post-processed to obtain a high-purity hierarchical porous carbon material, wherein the post-processing includes acid washing and ultrasonic cleaning; S5. The high-purity hierarchical porous carbon material is subjected to surface modification treatment to obtain nitrogen-doped functional carbon material.

[0006] Preferably, the lignin content of the edited biomass is 8wt%±0.5wt%, the target sequence of the CRISPR-Cas9 system is 5'-GTCGACCAGCTCAACAT-3', and the editing efficiency is ≥90%.

[0007] Preferably, the inert gas is a mixture of argon and oxygen, with a volume ratio of argon to oxygen of 9:1. The plasma pyrolysis treatment employs a cold plasma treatment method, with a power of 5 kW and a duration of 10 minutes. The plasma electron energy is controlled at 3 eV ± 0.2 eV, and the ion density is maintained at [value missing]. - Within the range.

[0008] Preferably, the MOF vapor phase doping treatment uses pulsed chemical vapor deposition technology to deposit ZIF-8 on the surface of the precursor powder, and the MOF vapor phase doping treatment temperature is 350℃ and the Zn loading is 5.2wt%±0.3wt%.

[0009] Preferably, the pyrolysis treatment employs a gradient heating program, and the gradient heating program and the activation treatment step are as follows: S31. The initial temperature is room temperature. The precursor powder is heated at a heating rate of 5℃ / min until it reaches 800℃, and then kept at that temperature for 1 hour. The room temperature is 20℃-25℃. S32. After the precursor powder is kept at 800°C for 1 hour, the precursor powder is heated to 1000°C at a heating rate of 2°C / min, and kept at 1000°C for 2 hours. S33. The precursor powder, after being kept at a constant temperature for 2 hours, is then... The carbon material is obtained by performing the activation treatment in a water vapor atmosphere, wherein the micropore diameter of the hierarchical pore structure is 0.8 nm–1.2 nm and the mesopore diameter is 2 nm–10 nm.

[0010] Preferably, the pickling is performed using a dilute nitric acid solution to remove residual metal impurities from the carbon material, and the ultrasonic treatment is used to remove residual particulate matter adsorbed on the surface of the carbon material.

[0011] Preferably, the surface modification treatment is an ammonia treatment, wherein the ammonia treatment temperature is 400℃-500℃, the treatment time is 2 hours, and the ammonia flow rate is 100 sccm.

[0012] Preferably, the nitrogen-doped functional carbon material has a specific surface area ≥3200m² / g and a nitrogen content of 8.5at%±0.5at. The nitrogen-doped functional carbon material can be used as a supercapacitor electrode, a lithium-ion battery anode material, an oxygen reduction reaction catalyst, and for adsorbing heavy metal ions.

[0013] This invention provides a method for preparing hierarchical porous carbon materials derived from CRISPR-edited biomass. It has the following beneficial effects: This method for preparing biomass-derived hierarchical porous carbon materials based on CRISPR editing successfully achieved lignin structural adjustment by targeting key genes involved in lignin synthesis in biomass using the CRISPR-Cas9 system. Subsequently, combined with processes such as plasma pyrolysis, MOF gas-phase doping, pyrolysis, and activation treatment, carbon materials with hierarchical porous structures were obtained, thereby improving the specific surface area and pore structure of the materials and optimizing their performance.

[0014] By employing a series of processes, including CRISPR-Cas9 editing, MOF gas-phase doping, cold plasma treatment, and nitrogen doping, the electrochemical performance, surface activity, and adsorption properties of carbon materials have been effectively improved. These treatments not only optimize the structure of carbon materials but also enhance their application potential in fields such as supercapacitor electrodes, lithium-ion battery anode materials, and catalysts. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 It is a flowchart of the material synthesis and processing for realizing an invention; Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing process used to implement the invention. Figure 3 This is a flow chart of plasma pyrolysis process for implementing the invention; Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating the gas-phase doping process for implementing the invention. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0017] Example 1 like Figures 1-4 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a method for preparing CRISPR-edited biomass-derived hierarchical porous carbon materials, comprising: S1. Selecting biomass raw materials, the biomass raw materials containing lignin with a lignin content ≥15wt%, using the CRISPR-Cas9 system to target and edit the key gene COMT for lignin synthesis, using a complex composed of sgRNA and Cas9 protein to edit the COMT key gene, thereby obtaining edited biomass. The lignin content of the edited biomass is 8.5wt%, the target sequence of the CRISPR-Cas9 system is 5'-GTCGACCAGCTCAACAT-3', and the editing efficiency is ≥90%.

[0018] S2. Precursor powder was obtained by plasma pyrolysis of the edited biomass under an inert gas protective atmosphere. The inert gas was a mixture of argon and oxygen, with a volume ratio of 9:1. Cold plasma treatment was used, with a power of 5 kW and a duration of 10 minutes. The plasma electron energy was controlled at 3.2 eV and the ion density was... .

[0019] S3. The precursor powder was sequentially subjected to MOF vapor-phase doping, pyrolysis, and activation treatments to obtain a hierarchical porous carbon material. MOF vapor-phase doping was performed using pulsed chemical vapor deposition (PCVD) to deposit ZIF-8 onto the precursor powder surface. The MOF vapor-phase doping temperature was 350℃, and the Zn loading was 5.5 wt%. The pyrolysis treatment employed a gradient temperature program, and the gradient temperature program and activation steps were as follows: S31. The initial temperature is room temperature. The precursor powder is heated at a heating rate of 5℃ / min until it reaches 800℃, and then held at that temperature for 1 hour. The room temperature is 25℃.

[0020] S32. After the precursor powder is kept at 800℃ for 1 hour, the precursor powder is heated to 1000℃ at a heating rate of 2℃ / min, and then kept at 1000℃ for 2 hours.

[0021] S33. After being kept at a constant temperature for 2 hours, the precursor powder is then... Carbon materials are obtained by activation treatment in a water vapor atmosphere, with micropores having a diameter of 1.2 nm and mesopores having a diameter of 10 nm in a hierarchical porous structure.

[0022] S4. The carbon material is post-processed to obtain high-purity hierarchical porous carbon material. The post-processing includes acid washing and ultrasonic cleaning. Acid washing uses dilute nitric acid solution to remove residual metal impurities from the carbon material, and ultrasonic treatment is used to remove residual particulate matter adsorbed on the surface of the carbon material.

[0023] S5. High-purity hierarchical porous carbon materials were surface-modified to obtain nitrogen-doped functional carbon materials. The surface modification was performed using ammoniation treatment at a temperature of 500℃ for 2 hours and an ammonia flow rate of 100 sccm. The nitrogen-doped functional carbon materials had a specific surface area ≥3200 m² / g and a nitrogen content of 9 at%. These materials can be used as supercapacitor electrodes, lithium-ion battery anode materials, oxygen reduction reaction catalysts, and for adsorbing heavy metal ions.

[0024] This embodiment features a high lignin content and high plasma electron energy, which contributes to a more desirable hierarchical porous structure. The wide range of micropore and mesopore sizes facilitates a high specific surface area, making it suitable for high-performance applications such as supercapacitors and lithium-ion batteries. The high nitrogen doping content enhances its potential for use in catalytic reactions.

[0025] Example 2 This invention provides a method for preparing CRISPR-edited biomass-derived hierarchical porous carbon materials, comprising: S1. Selecting biomass raw materials, the biomass raw materials containing lignin with a lignin content ≥15wt%, using the CRISPR-Cas9 system to target and edit the key gene COMT for lignin synthesis, using a complex composed of sgRNA and Cas9 protein to edit the COMT key gene, thereby obtaining edited biomass. The lignin content of the edited biomass is 8wt%, the target sequence of the CRISPR-Cas9 system is 5'-GTCGACCAGCTCAACAT-3', and the editing efficiency is ≥90%.

[0026] S2. Precursor powder was obtained by plasma pyrolysis of the edited biomass under an inert gas protective atmosphere. The inert gas was a mixture of argon and oxygen, with a volume ratio of 9:1. Cold plasma treatment was used, with a power of 5 kW and a duration of 10 minutes. The plasma electron energy was controlled at 3 eV, and the ion density was [not specified in the original text]. .

[0027] S3. The precursor powder was sequentially subjected to MOF vapor-phase doping, pyrolysis, and activation treatments to obtain a hierarchical porous carbon material. MOF vapor-phase doping was performed using pulsed chemical vapor deposition (PCVD) to deposit ZIF-8 onto the precursor powder surface. The MOF vapor-phase doping temperature was 350℃, and the Zn loading was 5.2 wt%. The pyrolysis treatment employed a gradient temperature program, and the gradient temperature program and activation steps were as follows: S31. The initial temperature is room temperature. The precursor powder is heated at a heating rate of 5℃ / min until it reaches 800℃. Then, it is kept at this temperature for 1 hour. The room temperature is 22.5℃.

[0028] S32. After the precursor powder is kept at 800℃ for 1 hour, the precursor powder is heated to 1000℃ at a heating rate of 2℃ / min, and then kept at 1000℃ for 2 hours.

[0029] S33. After being kept at a constant temperature for 2 hours, the precursor powder is then... Carbon materials are obtained by activation treatment in a water vapor atmosphere, with micropores having a diameter of 1 nm and mesopores having a diameter of 6 nm in a hierarchical porous structure.

[0030] S4. The carbon material is post-processed to obtain high-purity hierarchical porous carbon material. The post-processing includes acid washing and ultrasonic cleaning. Acid washing uses dilute nitric acid solution to remove residual metal impurities from the carbon material, and ultrasonic treatment is used to remove residual particulate matter adsorbed on the surface of the carbon material.

[0031] S5. High-purity hierarchical porous carbon materials were surface-modified to obtain nitrogen-doped functional carbon materials. The surface modification was performed using ammoniation treatment at a temperature of 450℃ for 2 hours and an ammonia flow rate of 100 sccm. The nitrogen-doped functional carbon materials had a specific surface area ≥3200 m² / g and a nitrogen content of 8.5 at%. These materials can be used as electrodes for supercapacitors, anode materials for lithium-ion batteries, catalysts for oxygen reduction reactions, and for adsorbing heavy metal ions.

[0032] This embodiment has a slightly lower lignin content and moderate plasma electron energy, resulting in a pore size distribution that is more concentrated in smaller micropores and mesopores. Although the nitrogen doping content is slightly lower, the overall pore structure still provides good matching for the requirements of certain adsorption or battery materials. Compared to Example 1, its performance in catalytic and battery applications may be slightly inferior, but it remains competitive in certain specific fields.

[0033] Example 3 This invention provides a method for preparing CRISPR-edited biomass-derived hierarchical porous carbon materials, comprising: S1. Selecting biomass raw materials, the biomass raw materials containing lignin with a lignin content ≥15wt%, using the CRISPR-Cas9 system to target and edit the key gene COMT for lignin synthesis, using a complex composed of sgRNA and Cas9 protein to edit the COMT key gene, thereby obtaining edited biomass. The lignin content of the edited biomass is 7.5wt%, the target sequence of the CRISPR-Cas9 system is 5'-GTCGACCAGCTCAACAT-3', and the editing efficiency is ≥90%.

[0034] S2. Precursor powder was obtained by plasma pyrolysis of the edited biomass under an inert gas protective atmosphere. The inert gas was a mixture of argon and oxygen, with a volume ratio of 9:1. Cold plasma treatment was used, with a power of 5 kW and a duration of 10 minutes. The plasma electron energy was controlled at 2.8 eV, and the ion density was maintained at [value missing]. Within the range.

[0035] S3. The precursor powder was sequentially subjected to MOF vapor-phase doping, pyrolysis, and activation treatments to obtain a hierarchical porous carbon material. MOF vapor-phase doping was performed using pulsed chemical vapor deposition (PCVD) to deposit ZIF-8 onto the precursor powder surface. The MOF vapor-phase doping temperature was 350℃, and the Zn loading was 4.9 wt%. The pyrolysis treatment employed a gradient temperature program, and the gradient temperature program and activation steps were as follows: S31. The initial temperature is room temperature. The precursor powder is heated at a heating rate of 5℃ / min until it reaches 800℃, and then held at that temperature for 1 hour. The room temperature is 20℃.

[0036] S32. After the precursor powder is kept at 800℃ for 1 hour, the precursor powder is heated to 1000℃ at a heating rate of 2℃ / min, and then kept at 1000℃ for 2 hours.

[0037] S33. After being kept at a constant temperature for 2 hours, the precursor powder is then... Carbon materials are obtained by activation treatment in a water vapor atmosphere, with micropores having a diameter of 0.8 nm and mesopores having a diameter of 2 nm in a hierarchical porous structure.

[0038] S4. The carbon material is post-processed to obtain high-purity hierarchical porous carbon material. The post-processing includes acid washing and ultrasonic cleaning. Acid washing uses dilute nitric acid solution to remove residual metal impurities from the carbon material, and ultrasonic treatment is used to remove residual particulate matter adsorbed on the surface of the carbon material.

[0039] S5. High-purity hierarchical porous carbon materials were surface-modified to obtain nitrogen-doped functional carbon materials. The surface modification was performed using ammoniation treatment at a temperature of 400℃, a treatment time of 2 hours, and an ammonia flow rate of 100 sccm. The nitrogen-doped functional carbon materials had a specific surface area ≥3200 m² / g and a nitrogen content of 8 at%. These materials can be used as supercapacitor electrodes, lithium-ion battery anode materials, oxygen reduction reaction catalysts, and for adsorbing heavy metal ions.

[0040] In summary, its lowest lignin content and lower plasma electron energy result in smaller pore sizes, with relatively narrow micropores and mesopores. While the nitrogen doping content of 8 at%, relatively high, is limited by the pore structure, leading to lower performance in terms of capacitance and other adsorption properties. However, it still holds advantages for certain small molecule adsorbents or specific catalytic applications.

[0041] Example 4 Unlike the embodiments described above, this embodiment aims to compare and analyze the effects of different lignin contents, plasma electron energies, pore structures, and nitrogen doping contents on the performance of CRISPR-edited biomass-derived hierarchical porous carbon materials. The specific implementation method is as follows: 1. Experimental Design Experiment A: Lignin content was 8.5 wt%, plasma electron energy was 3.2 eV, and nitrogen doping content was 9 at.

[0042] Experiment B: Lignin content was 8 wt%, plasma electron energy was 3 eV, and nitrogen doping content was 8.5 at.

[0043] Experiment C: Lignin content was 7.5 wt%, plasma electron energy was 2.8 eV, and nitrogen doping content was 8 at.

[0044] 2. Material Preparation Select biomass raw materials: Select biomass raw materials containing lignin, with a lignin content greater than 15 wt%.

[0045] CRISPR-Cas9 system edits key genes involved in lignin synthesis: The lignin synthesis gene was targeted and edited using the CRISPR-Cas9 system. After editing, the lignin content was 8.5 wt%, 8 wt%, and 7.5 wt%, respectively.

[0046] CRISPR-Cas9 target sequence: 5'-GTCGACCAGCTCAACAT-3', editing efficiency ≥90%.

[0047] Plasma pyrolysis treatment: Pyrolysis is carried out using cold plasma technology under the protection of inert gas argon and oxygen in a volume ratio of 9:1.

[0048] The processing power is 5kW and the processing time is 10 minutes.

[0049] Plasma electron energies: 3.2 eV, 3 eV, 2.8 eV.

[0050] MOF vapor phase doping treatment: ZIF-8 was deposited on the precursor surface using pulsed chemical vapor deposition technology.

[0051] MOF processing temperature: 350℃, Zn loading: 5.5wt%, 5.2wt%, 4.9wt%.

[0052] Pyrolysis and activation treatment: Initial temperature: room temperature, heating rate: 5℃ / min, heating to 800℃, and holding at that temperature for 1 hour.

[0053] Then, the temperature is increased to 1000℃ at a rate of 2℃ / min and held at that temperature for 2 hours.

[0054] Activation step: Activation treatment is carried out in a water vapor atmosphere to obtain carbon materials with different pore structures.

[0055] Micropore size: Experiment A, 1.2 nm, Experiment B, 1 nm, Experiment C, 0.8 nm.

[0056] Mesopore size: Experiment A, 10 nm, Experiment B, 6 nm, Experiment C, 2 nm.

[0057] Post-processing: Pickling: Using dilute nitric acid solution to remove metal impurities.

[0058] Ultrasonic cleaning: Removes surface particles.

[0059] Nitrogen doping treatment: Ammoniation treatment temperatures: Experiment A, 500℃; Experiment B, 450℃; Experiment C, 400℃.

[0060] Ammonia flow rate: 100 sccm, processing time: 2 hours.

[0061] Nitrogen doping content: 9at%, 8.5at%, 8at.

[0062] 3. Characterization Analysis Specific surface area and pore structure analysis: The specific surface area was determined using a BET specific surface area analyzer, and the pore size distribution was analyzed by nitrogen adsorption-desorption method.

[0063] Experiment A: Specific surface area ≥3200m² / g, micropore diameter: 1.2nm, mesopore diameter: 10nm.

[0064] Experiment B: Specific surface area ≥3200m² / g, micropore diameter: 1nm, mesopore diameter: 6nm.

[0065] Experiment C: Specific surface area ≥3200m² / g, micropore diameter: 0.8nm, mesopore diameter: 2nm.

[0066] Nitrogen doping content: The nitrogen doping content of each group of materials was analyzed by XPS.

[0067] Experiment A: Nitrogen doping content: 9 at.

[0068] Experiment B: Nitrogen doping content: 8.5 at%.

[0069] Experiment C: Nitrogen doping content: 8 at%.

[0070] Morphological observation: SEM and TEM were used to observe the morphology and pore structure of the material.

[0071] 4. Performance Testing Supercapacitor performance: The specific capacitance, cycle stability, and power density of each group of materials were tested using an electrochemical workstation.

[0072] Electrolyte: 1MH2SO4.

[0073] Capacitance test: Charge and discharge test is performed within a voltage window of 0-1V to test the specific capacitance (F / g) of each group of materials.

[0074] Cycle life: Perform 1000 cycles and record capacity decay.

[0075] Lithium-ion battery negative electrode performance: Battery assembly: Lifoil was used as the reference electrode, the test material as the negative electrode, and 1M LiPF6 / EC-DMC as the electrolyte.

[0076] Specific capacity: The specific capacity (mAh / g) of different materials is measured through charge-discharge tests.

[0077] Cyclic stability: Capacity retention was measured after 200 charge-discharge cycles.

[0078] Catalytic performance: Electrocatalytic activity: The catalytic performance of each material group in the oxygen reduction reaction was tested by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.

[0079] Catalytic activity: Reaction rate and overpotential were tested using a rotating disk electrode.

[0080] Table 1: Data Results Analysis Table. Results analysis: Specific surface area: The three groups of materials have the same specific surface area, which is ≥3200m² / g. This indicates that they all have a very large specific surface area, which is beneficial to improving the energy storage performance of capacitors and lithium batteries.

[0081] Pore ​​structure: As the lignin content decreases, the micropore size gradually decreases. Experiment A has the largest pore size range, which may be more beneficial for energy storage and catalysis.

[0082] Nitrogen doping content: Experiment A has the highest nitrogen doping content, which helps to improve conductivity and catalytic reaction activity.

[0083] Electrochemical performance: Supercapacitor: Experiment A has the highest specific capacitance, demonstrating superior energy storage capacity.

[0084] Lithium batteries: Experiment A has the highest specific capacity, demonstrating better energy storage and release capabilities.

[0085] Catalytic performance: Experiment C had the lowest catalytic overpotential, demonstrating its superior catalytic performance in the oxygen reduction reaction.

[0086] Experiment A has a high lignin content and a large pore structure, thus exhibiting excellent electrochemical performance in supercapacitors and lithium batteries.

[0087] Experiment B achieves a good balance between pore structure and nitrogen doping content, making it suitable for various energy storage and catalytic applications.

[0088] Although Experiment C is slightly inferior in electrochemical performance, it performs well in catalytic reactions and is suitable as a catalyst.

[0089] Based on these experimental data, it can be concluded that Experiment A is most suitable for use as an energy storage material, while Experiment B has advantages in the field of catalysis.

[0090] This embodiment demonstrates that the performance of hierarchical porous carbon materials can be optimized by adjusting the lignin content, plasma electron energy, and nitrogen doping content. Higher lignin content and higher plasma electron energy contribute to improved energy storage performance, making them excellent in supercapacitors and lithium-ion battery anode materials; while lower lignin content and smaller pore structure enhance catalytic performance, making them suitable for catalytic applications. Different combinations of process parameters can be customized to produce materials with optimal performance according to specific application requirements.

[0091] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for preparing CRISPR-edited biomass-derived hierarchical porous carbon materials, characterized in that, include: S1. Select biomass raw materials, wherein the biomass raw materials contain lignin, wherein the lignin content is ≥15wt%, and use the CRISPR-Cas9 system to target and edit the key gene COMT of lignin synthesis, using a complex composed of sgRNA and Cas9 protein to edit the COMT key gene to obtain edited biomass; S2. The edited biomass is subjected to plasma pyrolysis under an inert gas protective atmosphere to obtain precursor powder; S3. The precursor powder is subjected to MOF vapor phase doping, pyrolysis and activation treatment in sequence to obtain a carbon material with a hierarchical porous structure. S4. The carbon material is post-processed to obtain a high-purity hierarchical porous carbon material, wherein the post-processing includes acid washing and ultrasonic cleaning; S5. The high-purity hierarchical porous carbon material is subjected to surface modification treatment to obtain nitrogen-doped functional carbon material.

2. The method for preparing a CRISPR-edited biomass-derived hierarchical porous carbon material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lignin content of the edited biomass is 8wt%±0.5wt%, the target sequence of the CRISPR-Cas9 system is 5'-GTCGACCAGCTCAACAT-3', and the editing efficiency is ≥90%.

3. The method for preparing a CRISPR-edited biomass-derived hierarchical porous carbon material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inert gas is a mixture of argon and oxygen, with a volume ratio of argon to oxygen of 9:

1. The plasma pyrolysis treatment employs a cold plasma treatment method, with a power of 5 kW and a duration of 10 minutes. The plasma electron energy is controlled at 3 eV ± 0.2 eV, and the ion density is maintained at [value missing]. - Within the range.

4. The method for preparing a CRISPR-edited biomass-derived hierarchical porous carbon material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The MOF vapor phase doping treatment employs pulsed chemical vapor deposition technology to deposit ZIF-8 on the surface of the precursor powder. The MOF vapor phase doping treatment temperature is 350℃ and the Zn loading is 5.2wt%±0.3wt%.

5. The method for preparing a CRISPR-edited biomass-derived hierarchical porous carbon material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pyrolysis treatment employs a gradient heating program, and the gradient heating program and the activation treatment step are as follows: S31. The initial temperature is room temperature. The precursor powder is heated at a heating rate of 5℃ / min until it reaches 800℃, and then kept at that temperature for 1 hour. The room temperature is 20℃-25℃. S32. After the precursor powder is kept at 800°C for 1 hour, the precursor powder is heated to 1000°C at a heating rate of 2°C / min, and kept at 1000°C for 2 hours. S33. The precursor powder, after being kept at a constant temperature for 2 hours, is then... The carbon material is obtained by performing the activation treatment in a water vapor atmosphere, wherein the micropore diameter of the hierarchical pore structure is 0.8 nm–1.2 nm and the mesopore diameter is 2 nm–10 nm.

6. The method for preparing a CRISPR-edited biomass-derived hierarchical porous carbon material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pickling process uses a dilute nitric acid solution to remove residual metallic impurities from the carbon material, and the ultrasonic treatment is used to remove residual particulate matter adsorbed on the surface of the carbon material.

7. The method for preparing a CRISPR-edited biomass-derived hierarchical porous carbon material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface modification treatment is an ammonia treatment, the temperature of which is 400℃-500℃, the treatment time is 2 hours, and the ammonia flow rate is 100 sccm.

8. The method for preparing a CRISPR-edited biomass-derived hierarchical porous carbon material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nitrogen-doped functional carbon material has a specific surface area ≥3200m² / g and a nitrogen content of 8.5at%±0.5at. The nitrogen-doped functional carbon material can be used as a supercapacitor electrode, a lithium-ion battery anode material, an oxygen reduction reaction catalyst, and for adsorbing heavy metal ions.

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