Ultrasonic oblique incidence solid elastic wave velocity measuring device and method

Abstract

The invention discloses an ultrasonic oblique incidence solid elastic wave speed measuring device and method.The device comprises a transducer, a three-axis positioning control system (4), an angle adjusting mechanism (6) and a host (1), the transducer is arranged in liquid, emits ultrasonic waves to a to-be-measured solid (10) at an adjustable incidence angle, collects refraction signals and uploads the refraction signals to the host (1) through a data collecting system (5), and the host (1) sends the refraction signals to the three-axis positioning control system (4); the host (1) is connected with the three-axis positioning control system (4), the three-axis positioning control system (4) is connected with the angle adjusting mechanism (6), and the angle of the transducer is adjusted through the angle adjusting mechanism (6). According to the invention, high-efficiency and non-destructive measurement of solid longitudinal wave and transverse wave velocity can be realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ultrasonic testing technology, and in particular to a device and method for measuring the velocity of ultrasonic oblique-incident solid elastic waves. Background Technology

[0002] The propagation velocity of elastic waves (longitudinal and transverse waves) in solid media is an important parameter characterizing the elastic properties of materials and has wide applications in material testing, geophysical exploration, and medical diagnosis. Traditional ultrasonic transmission methods calculate wave velocity by measuring the propagation time of sound waves in a sample, but this method relies on sound waves penetrating the sample and has the following shortcomings: (1) Transmission measurement cannot be performed on thick, large, or unsampled workpieces; (2) The accuracy of the extraction is affected by noise and interface reflection, and transverse waves are particularly difficult to measure; (3) The measurement efficiency is low.

[0003] In recent years, the time-velocity coherence (STC) algorithm has been introduced into ultrasonic testing, which can obtain wave velocity information through coherent analysis of waveforms received by an array, avoiding single-channel arrival time errors. However, existing methods mostly rely on traditional transmission configurations and are still unsuitable for field measurements in liquid-solid coupled systems. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a method and device that can measure longitudinal and transverse wave velocities under liquid-solid interface conditions, avoiding the limitations of transmission methods while ensuring measurement accuracy. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an ultrasonic oblique incidence solid elastic wave velocity measurement device and method to overcome the shortcomings of traditional transmission methods and existing oblique incidence measurement methods in that they cannot effectively measure the longitudinal and transverse wave velocities of solids in thick, large or non-sampling workpieces, as well as the large extraction error and insufficient measurement accuracy. This invention achieves efficient and non-destructive measurement of the longitudinal and transverse wave velocities of solids.

[0005] This invention is achieved using the following technical solution: an ultrasonic oblique incidence solid elastic wave velocity measuring device, comprising a transducer, a three-axis positioning control system, an angle adjustment mechanism, and a host, wherein the transducer is disposed in a liquid and emits ultrasonic waves to the solid to be measured at an adjustable incident angle, and collects the refracted signal, which is uploaded to the host through a data acquisition system. The host is connected to the three-axis positioning control system, and the three-axis positioning control system is connected to the angle adjustment mechanism, which adjusts the angle of the transducer.

[0006] Furthermore, the transducer includes a transmitting transducer and a receiving transducer. The transmitting transducer is disposed in the liquid and emits ultrasonic waves toward the solid to be tested at an adjustable incident angle. The receiving transducer is arranged on the same side as the transmitting transducer and is used to collect the signal refracted back into the liquid.

[0007] Furthermore, the operating frequency range of the transmitting transducer is 100kHz–1MHz; the receiving transducer (8) is composed of a linear array of multiple piezoelectric transducers, with a number of no less than 8.

[0008] Furthermore, it also includes a power supply module and a signal amplifier. The power supply module is connected to the transducer to provide electrical power, and the signal amplifier is used to increase the amplitude of the signal source to excite the transducer to emit ultrasonic waves.

[0009] A method for measuring the velocity of ultrasonic oblique-incident solid elastic waves, based on the ultrasonic oblique-incident solid elastic wave velocity measuring device described above, includes the following steps: S1: A transmitting transducer is set in a liquid-solid coupling system to emit ultrasonic waves toward the surface of the solid to be tested at an adjustable incident angle; S2: A receiving transducer with adjustable position and angle is arranged on the same side as the transmitting transducer to collect multiple receiving signals refracted back into the liquid. S3: Preprocess the received signal; S4: Adjust the tilt angles of the transmitting and receiving transducers, and measure the waveform array under at least two combinations of transmit-receive angles; S5: Input the preprocessed signal into the STC algorithm to obtain the time-velocity coherence spectrum; S6: Repeat steps S2~S4 to achieve coverage of most solid longitudinal and transverse wave critical incident angles; S7: Outputs the final P-wave and S-wave velocity results.

[0010] Furthermore, the preprocessing includes filtering, normalization, and time window truncation.

[0011] Step S5 specifically involves adjusting the tilt angles of the transmitting and receiving transducers within a range of 10-40 degrees, repeating steps S2-S4 to measure the received signals at least two sets of transmitting-receiving angles, and combining this with the energy radiation angle range of the ultrasonic transducer to achieve coverage of most solid longitudinal and transverse wave critical incident angles.

[0012] Furthermore, the distance between the receiving transducer and the solid surface under test is adjustable to optimize the signal-to-noise ratio and reduce interference from multiple reflections.

[0013] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: (1) Since the same-side oblique incident sound system is used, there is no need for sound waves to penetrate the workpiece, so it is suitable for thick, large workpieces or strata that cannot be sampled on site.

[0014] (2) By using STC to replace the extraction time, human error is avoided and the noise resistance is strong.

[0015] (3) Simultaneous measurement of longitudinal and transverse waves: The velocities of longitudinal and transverse waves can be obtained simultaneously through multiple measurements.

[0016] (4) Simple system: The same-side arrangement and angle adjustment design make the device simple in structure and suitable for miniaturization. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 The tilt angle of the ultrasonic transducer Definition diagram; Figure 3 This is a flowchart of the present invention; Figure 4 The array waveforms obtained from measuring the aluminum block under different transmit-receive angle combinations and the corresponding STC calculation results are shown in the figure. In the diagram, 1-host, 2-power module, 3-signal amplifier, 4-three-axis positioning control system, 5-data acquisition system, 6-angle adjustment mechanism, 7-transmitting transducer, 8-receiving transducer, 9-water tank, 10-solid under test. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0020] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0021] The following detailed description of some embodiments of the present invention is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features can be combined with each other.

[0022] See Figure 1 An ultrasonic oblique incidence solid elastic wave velocity measuring device, comprising: A transmitting transducer 7 is disposed in a water tank 9 containing liquid. The transmitting transducer 7 is placed in the liquid, and a solid to be tested 10 is also disposed in the liquid. The transmitting transducer 7 emits ultrasonic waves toward the solid to be tested 10 at an adjustable incident angle. Specifically, the operating frequency range of the transmitting transducer 7 is 100kHz–1MHz.

[0023] The receiving transducer 8 is arranged on the same side as the transmitting transducer 7 and is used to collect the signal refracted back into the liquid. The receiving transducer 8 can be composed of a linear array of multiple piezoelectric transducers, and the number should be no less than 8.

[0024] The three-axis positioning control system 4 precisely controls the transmitting transducer 7 and the receiving transducer 8 to move in fixed step sizes to acquire waveform arrays.

[0025] Angle adjustment mechanism 6 is used to adjust the angle of transmitting transducer 7 and receiving transducer 8.

[0026] Data acquisition system 5 is used to acquire and store received signals. The host unit 1 is used to control the three-axis positioning control system 4, the data acquisition system 5, and to observe and receive signals in real time.

[0027] Power module 2 is used to supply power to the transmitting transducer 7.

[0028] Signal amplifier 3 is used to increase the amplitude of the signal source to excite the transducer to emit ultrasonic waves.

[0029] See Figure 3 A method for measuring the velocity of ultrasonic oblique-incident solid elastic waves, based on the ultrasonic oblique-incident solid elastic wave velocity measuring device described above, includes the following steps: S1: Set up the transmitting transducer 7 in the liquid-solid coupling system at an angle Emitting ultrasonic waves to a solid surface, specifically, the tilt angle of the ultrasonic transducer. See definition Figure 2 .

[0030] S2: A receiving transducer 8, with a controllable position and angle, is arranged on the same side as the transmitting transducer 7, and the transducer is controlled to tilt at an angle. The received signal, refracted back into the liquid by the mobile acquisition, forms a waveform array; S3: Preprocess the received signal, including filtering, normalization and time window truncation; S4: Input the preprocessed signal into the STC algorithm to obtain the time-velocity coherence spectrum; S5: Input the preprocessed signal into the STC algorithm to obtain the time-velocity coherence spectrum; S6: Within the range of 10-40 degrees, adjust the tilt angle of the transmitting transducer and the receiving transducer, and repeat steps (2)-(4) to measure the received signal at least two sets of transmitting-receiving angles, such as 15 degrees-15 degrees and 30 degrees-30 degrees. Combine the energy radiation angle range of the ultrasonic transducer to achieve coverage of most solid longitudinal and transverse wave critical incident angles. S7: Outputs the final P-wave and S-wave velocity results.

[0031] The invention will be further illustrated by an example. Two piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers, each 3 cm in diameter and with a main frequency of 250 kHz, are used as the transmitting and receiving transducers, respectively fixed to two angle adjustment devices. These angle adjustment devices are then fixed to a three-axis positioning system, the three axes of which are as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the x-axis and z1 and z2 axes are respectively. The solid material (6061 aluminum block, size 0.6*0.15*0.15m) and the transmitter-receiver device are immersed in a liquid (water) environment. The sampling rate of the signal acquisition system is set to 20MHz and the number of sampling points is 5000.

[0032] Adjust the angle of the transmitting transducer to be 15 degrees to the normal of the solid surface, as defined below. Figure 2 As shown, the center of the transducer surface is 3.5 cm away from the solid surface.

[0033] Adjust the angle of the receiving transducer to 15 degrees with the normal to the solid surface, and the center of the transducer surface to be 3.5 cm away from the solid surface. Keep the angle and position of the transmitting transducer fixed, and the initial interval between the receiving transducer and the transmitting transducer is 7.5 cm. Use a three-axis positioning system to control the receiver to move in the positive x-axis direction in 1 mm steps every 1 second and record the waveforms. A total of 50 waveforms are recorded.

[0034] The recorded waveforms were filtered using a bandpass filter with a passband range of 150-350kHz. The filtered waveforms were then normalized according to the maximum amplitude of the waveform array, and the STC algorithm was used to process the normalized waveform array to obtain a time-slowness coherence plot.

[0035] Adjust the angle of the transmitting transducer to be 30 degrees to the normal of the solid surface.

[0036] The angle of the receiving transducer was adjusted to be 30 degrees with the normal of the solid surface. The receiver was controlled to move in the positive x-axis direction in 1 mm increments every 1 second and the waveform was recorded. A total of 50 waveforms were recorded.

[0037] The recorded waveforms were filtered using a bandpass filter with a passband range of 150-350kHz. The filtered waveforms were then normalized according to the maximum amplitude of the waveform array, and the STC algorithm was used to process the normalized waveform array to obtain a time-slowness coherence plot.

[0038] The local maxima of the calculated time-slowness coherence plot were located, and the corresponding velocities were extracted as the final P-wave and S-wave velocities. The final measurement results are as follows: Figure 4 As shown, the longitudinal wave velocity of the aluminum block is 6640 m / s, and the leakage Rayleigh wave velocity is 3050 m / s. In high-impedance solids, transverse waves are easily interfered with by leakage Rayleigh waves, resulting in the calculated velocity being the leakage Rayleigh wave velocity. However, the leakage Rayleigh wave velocity is close to the transverse wave velocity but is always less than the transverse wave velocity. Therefore, the measured results can approximately reflect the transverse wave velocity range.

[0039] It should be noted that the terms "connection" and "setting" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, features defined with "connection" or "setting" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. Furthermore, the terms "connection" and "setting," etc., are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of the invention described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Moreover, for the foregoing embodiments, for the sake of simplicity, they are all described as a series of actions; however, those skilled in the art should understand that this application is not limited to the described order of actions, as some steps may be performed in other orders or simultaneously according to this application. Secondly, those skilled in the art should also understand that the embodiments described in the specification are preferred embodiments, and the actions involved are not necessarily essential to this application.

[0040] The above embodiments describe the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Modifications and variations made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention should be within the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A device for measuring the velocity of an ultrasonic oblique-incident solid elastic wave, characterized in that, The device includes a transducer, a three-axis positioning control system (4), an angle adjustment mechanism (6), and a host (1). The transducer is placed in a liquid and emits ultrasonic waves at an adjustable incident angle to the solid to be tested (10). It also collects refracted signals and uploads them to the host (1) through a data acquisition system (5). The host (1) is connected to the three-axis positioning control system (4), which is connected to the angle adjustment mechanism (6). The angle of the transducer is adjusted by the angle adjustment mechanism (6).

2. The ultrasonic oblique incidence solid elastic wave velocity measuring device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The transducer includes a transmitting transducer (7) and a receiving transducer (8). The transmitting transducer (7) is placed in the liquid and emits ultrasonic waves to the solid to be tested (10) at an adjustable incident angle. The receiving transducer (8) is arranged on the same side as the transmitting transducer and is used to collect the signal refracted back into the liquid.

3. The ultrasonic oblique incidence solid elastic wave velocity measuring device as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The operating frequency range of the transmitting transducer (7) is 100kHz–1MHz; the receiving transducer (8) is a linear array composed of multiple piezoelectric transducers, with a number of no less than 8.

4. The ultrasonic oblique incidence solid elastic wave velocity measuring device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a power supply module (2) and a signal amplifier (3). The power supply module (2) is connected to the transducer to provide electrical energy. The signal amplifier (3) is used to increase the amplitude of the signal source to excite the transducer to emit ultrasonic waves.

5. A method for measuring the velocity of ultrasonic oblique-incident solid elastic waves, implemented based on the ultrasonic oblique-incident solid elastic wave velocity measuring device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Set up a transmitting transducer (7) in the liquid-solid coupling system to emit ultrasonic waves to the surface of the solid to be tested (10) at an adjustable incident angle; S2: A receiving transducer (8) with adjustable position and angle is arranged on the same side as the transmitting transducer (7) to collect multiple receiving signals refracted back into the liquid; S3: Preprocess the received signal; S4: Adjust the tilt angles of the transmitting and receiving transducers, and measure the waveform array under at least two combinations of transmit-receive angles; S5: Input the preprocessed signal into the STC algorithm to obtain the time-velocity coherence spectrum; S6: Repeat steps S2~S4 to achieve coverage of most solid longitudinal and transverse wave critical incident angles; S7: Outputs the final P-wave and S-wave velocity results.

6. The method for measuring the velocity of an ultrasonic oblique-incident solid elastic wave as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The preprocessing includes filtering, normalization, and time window truncation.

7. The method for measuring the velocity of an ultrasonic oblique-incident solid elastic wave as described in claim 5, characterized in that, Step S5 specifically involves adjusting the tilt angles of the transmitting transducer (7) and the receiving transducer (8) within a range of 10-40 degrees, repeating steps S2-S4 to measure the received signals at least two sets of transmitting-receiving angles, and combining the energy radiation angle range of the ultrasonic transducer to achieve coverage of most solid longitudinal and transverse wave critical incident angles.

8. The method for measuring the velocity of an ultrasonic oblique-incident solid elastic wave as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The distance between the receiving transducer (8) and the surface of the solid under test (10) is adjustable to optimize the signal-to-noise ratio and reduce multiple reflection interference.

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