Power transmission line insulator dual defense system and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a power transmission line insulator dual defense system and method, and belongs to the technical field of power transmission line maintenance, in the system, a power supply subsystem generates, stores and conveys high-pressure gas, and a primary defense subsystem and a secondary defense subsystem are respectively communicated with the power supply subsystem through high-pressure conveying hoses to obtain a high-pressure gas source; the first defense subsystem is arranged around an insulator of the power transmission line and forms an annular air curtain to prevent rain and snow from being attached to the surface of the insulator; the secondary defense subsystem detects and removes rain and snow breaking through the annular air curtain; the photovoltaic power supply subsystem is used for providing power for the whole defense system; all the subsystems are electrically connected with the intelligent control subsystem, and the intelligent control subsystem is used for coordinating starting, operation and parameter adjustment of all the subsystems. The problems that an existing anti-icing technology is high in energy consumption and slow in response, an icing micromechanism is difficult to capture, and protection is insufficient due to the fact that extreme working conditions are difficult to reproduce are solved, and efficient blocking and removing of rain and snow are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of power transmission line maintenance technology, specifically relating to a dual-defense system and method for power transmission line insulators. Background Technology

[0002] Insulators are the core barrier to ensure the safe operation of high-voltage transmission lines. Their reliability is directly related to the stability and safety of the power grid. Once they fail in severe weather, they will trigger a cascading failure mode of "insulator-line-power grid", which may paralyze the regional power grid within hours and have a serious impact on social production and life.

[0003] In frigid weather conditions, insulator failure is not a single physical process, but a complex disaster involving multiple destructive mechanisms. Specifically, this manifests in the following ways: First, at the electrical performance level, the conductive channels formed on the insulator surface reduce the flashover voltage by 60%-80%, easily triggering breakdown and explosion. Second, at the mechanical structure level, when the ice thickness reaches 20mm, the load borne by the insulator can reach 8 times that under normal conditions, potentially leading to core rod breakage or steel cap bursting. Third, at the dynamic characteristics level, the impact load generated during the ice melting process exceeds 500 N·s, easily causing the connecting plate to break. Fourth, at the geometric parameter level, the formation of ice bridges reduces the insulator creepage distance by 40% and the air gap by 65%. Fifth, at the material performance level, freeze-thaw cycles extend the hydrophobicity recovery time of silicone rubber insulators by 5 times. Sixth, at the system impact level, insulator failure may further trigger a cascading failure of "insulator-relay protection-main equipment," causing a chain reaction impact on the entire power system.

[0004] In practical applications, performance defects of insulators under severe weather conditions such as rain and snow have repeatedly caused power grid accidents. Currently, research on insulator failure still faces two major challenges: firstly, the microscopic mechanisms of insulator icing under complex weather conditions are difficult to accurately capture, making it impossible to fully understand the adhesion, freezing, and growth patterns of rain and snow on the insulator surface; secondly, field observations are limited by the uncontrollability of the natural environment, making it impossible to reproduce key operating conditions such as extreme rain and snow, and freeze-thaw cycles, hindering in-depth research on insulator failure mechanisms and thus restricting the development and application of new protection technologies. Existing insulator anti-icing technologies generally suffer from high energy consumption and slow response, failing to meet the high efficiency, timeliness, and reliability requirements of high-voltage transmission lines for insulator protection. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an insulator protection system capable of efficiently blocking and rapidly clearing rain and snow through an active defense mechanism to improve the operational reliability of the power grid under extreme rain and snow weather conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address these issues, this invention provides a dual-defense system and method for transmission line insulators, which solves the problems of traditional insulators being prone to icing failure in rainy and snowy weather, leading to power grid accidents, existing anti-icing technologies being energy-intensive and slow to respond, and the difficulty in capturing the microscopic mechanism of icing and reproducing extreme conditions, resulting in insufficient protection. This invention achieves efficient blocking and removal of rain and snow.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a dual-defense system for transmission line insulators, comprising a power supply subsystem, a primary defense subsystem, a secondary defense subsystem, an intelligent control subsystem, and a photovoltaic power supply system; the power supply subsystem is used to generate, store, and transport high-pressure gas; the primary defense subsystem and the secondary defense subsystem are respectively connected to the power supply subsystem via high-pressure delivery hoses to obtain a high-pressure gas source; the primary defense subsystem is arranged around the transmission line insulator, and is used to form an annular air curtain to prevent rain and snow from adhering to the surface of the insulator; the secondary defense subsystem is used to detect and remove rain and snow that have breached the annular air curtain; the photovoltaic power supply system is used to provide power to the entire defense system; the power supply subsystem, the primary defense subsystem, the secondary defense subsystem, and the photovoltaic power supply system are all electrically connected to the intelligent control subsystem, and the intelligent control subsystem is used to coordinate the start-up, operation, and parameter adjustment of the power supply subsystem, the primary defense subsystem, the secondary defense subsystem, and the photovoltaic power supply system.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment of the dual-defense system for transmission line insulators, the power supply subsystem includes a high-pressure air storage tank I, a drive motor, a cylinder assembly, a connecting rod piston assembly, a crankshaft, and a cooling component. The drive motor is connected to the crankshaft via a transmission structure to drive the crankshaft to rotate. The crankshaft is linked with the connecting rod piston assembly, driving the connecting rod piston assembly to reciprocate within the cylinder assembly to achieve air compression. The high-pressure air storage tank I is used to store the compressed high-pressure gas. The cooling component is used to cool the cylinder assembly. The cylinder assembly includes a first- and second-stage cylinder assembly and a first- and third-stage cylinder assembly. The cylinder assembly includes a first- and second-stage connecting rod piston assembly and a first- and third-stage connecting rod piston assembly. The first- and second-stage connecting rod piston assembly is adapted to the first- and second-stage cylinder assembly, and the first- and third-stage connecting rod piston assembly is adapted to the first- and third-stage cylinder assembly. The transmission structure includes a rotary wheel and a conveyor belt. The drive motor drives the crankshaft to rotate via the conveyor belt and the rotary wheel. The cooling component includes a cooling drive motor, cooling fan blades, and heat dissipation fins. The cooling drive motor drives the cooling fan blades to rotate, so as to cooperate with the heat dissipation fins to force air cooling of the cylinder assembly.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the dual-protection system for transmission line insulators, the power supply subsystem further includes a gas tank bracket, shock-absorbing washers, a mechanical pressure gauge, an electromagnetic one-way check valve I, a safety pressure relief valve I, a surge protector, a protective housing, a gas outlet, and a power supply subsystem control circuit board. The high-pressure gas tank I is fixed inside the protective housing by the gas tank bracket, and the shock-absorbing washers are installed between the gas tank bracket and the high-pressure gas tank I. The mechanical pressure gauge is installed at the interface of the high-pressure gas tank I to monitor the pressure inside the tank. The electromagnetic one-way check valve I is installed at the gas outlet. The system includes a gas flow control node to prevent gas backflow; a safety relief valve I to ensure that the pressure of the high-pressure gas storage tank I does not exceed the limit; a surge protector connected to the power supply line to resist lightning surges; a power supply subsystem control circuit board integrating pressure regulation and motor drive modules for controlling the automated operation of the power supply subsystem; and a gas outlet installed below the heat dissipation fins, one end of which is connected to the high-pressure gas storage tank I via a high-strength flange, and the other end of which is connected to the primary defense subsystem and the secondary defense subsystem via a high-pressure delivery hose to supply high-pressure gas.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the dual-defense system for transmission line insulators, the first-layer defense subsystem includes a ring-shaped jet device body and an electromagnetic one-way valve. The ring-shaped jet device body has multiple nozzles to spray high-pressure gas to form a ring-shaped air curtain. The electromagnetic one-way valve is connected in series to the main air intake pipe of the ring-shaped jet device body and is electrically connected to the intelligent control subsystem. The electromagnetic one-way valve is used to control the opening and closing of the air path. The first-layer defense subsystem also includes a nozzle protective net, a waterproof coating protective shell, and a shock-absorbing pad. The nozzle protective net is installed at the outlet of each nozzle to prevent debris from entering. The waterproof coating protective shell covers the ring-shaped jet device body to cope with the outdoor environment. The ring-shaped jet device body is connected to the tower or mounting bracket through the shock-absorbing pad.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the dual-defense system for transmission line insulators, the secondary defense subsystem includes a power junction box, electronic pressure gauge II, aiming indicator light, high-precision radar sensor, infrared thermal imager, night vision device, infrared aiming device, airflow output pipe, high-pressure gas tank II, safety relief valve II, air inlet, stepper motor I, rotating bracket, stepper motor II, manual knob, micro stepper motor, rotating base, turret base, solenoid valve, target tracking processor, automatic calibration module, and meteorological monitoring module; the turret base is rigidly fixed by anchor bolts, and the rotating base is mounted on bearings. On the turret base, the micro stepper motor is connected to the drive gear set of the rotating base to drive the rotating base to achieve 360° horizontal rotation; the stepper motor I and the stepper motor II are connected to the rear trunnion of the airflow output pipe through the rotating bracket to form the pitch adjustment mechanism of the aiming drive component; the manual knob is installed on the side of the turret base for emergency manual adjustment of the aiming angle; the high-precision radar sensor, the infrared thermal imager, the night vision device, the infrared sight, and the target tracking processor form the target detection component, and the high-precision radar... The sensor, the infrared thermal imager, and the night vision device are used to collaboratively detect rain and snow targets that penetrate the annular air curtain. The infrared sight assists in aiming, and the target tracking processor processes sensor data and calculates aiming parameters. The high-pressure gas storage tank II receives high-pressure gas supplied by the power supply subsystem through the air inlet. The safety pressure relief valve II is installed on the side of the high-pressure gas storage tank II to prevent the internal pressure from exceeding the limit. The electronic pressure gauge II is installed at the interface of the high-pressure gas storage tank II for real-time monitoring of the internal pressure. The airflow output pipe is a high-pressure airflow transmitting terminal, and the tail of the airflow output pipe... The system is connected to the outlet of the high-pressure gas storage tank II via a high-pressure metal rigid pipe. The solenoid valve is connected in series with the high-pressure metal rigid pipe and is electrically connected to the intelligent control subsystem to control the timing and duration of the high-pressure gas flow. The aiming indicator light is installed next to the gas flow output pipe to display the system's aiming readiness status. The power junction box is installed in the high-pressure gas storage tank II to provide a stable power supply for the secondary defense subsystem. The automatic calibration module is used to calibrate the aiming system's zero position in real time, and the meteorological monitoring module is used to collect environmental parameters and provide a basis for aiming correction.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the dual-defense system for transmission line insulators, the secondary defense subsystem further includes a vibration-damping stabilizing bracket, shock-absorbing pads, a piston, a spring, an electromagnetic one-way check valve II, a waterproof and dustproof sealing ring, and a circular shock-absorbing pad. The piston is installed in the inner cavity of the high-pressure gas storage tank II, dividing the inner cavity into a front cavity connected to the gas outlet pipe and a rear cavity for gas storage. The spring is in a compressed state and is pressed against the piston and the rear end cover of the high-pressure gas storage tank II. The piston and the spring together form the energy storage, release, and firing structure of the high-pressure gas storage tank II. The electromagnetic one-way check valve II is connected in series with the high-pressure gas storage tank. On the high-pressure metal rigid pipe between tank II and the gas output pipe, the electromagnetic one-way check valve II is used to prevent high-pressure gas backflow during launch; the waterproof and dustproof sealing ring is installed at the connection between the gas output pipe and the high-pressure metal rigid pipe; the anti-shake stabilizing bracket is connected between the stepper motor II and the micro stepper motor; the shock-absorbing pad is provided at the contact point between the anti-shake stabilizing bracket and the stepper motor II, and the shock-absorbing pad is also provided at the contact point between the stepper motor I and the rotating bracket; the circular shock-absorbing pad is installed between the bottom of the turret base and the mounting platform to absorb the recoil impact after launch.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the dual-defense system for transmission line insulators, the intelligent control subsystem includes a main control PLC unit, a multi-protocol communication gateway, an environmental sensor array, an HMI touchscreen, a data storage and recorder, an intelligent power management module, an audible and visual alarm, and a remote monitoring interface. The environmental sensor array works in conjunction with the meteorological monitoring module of the secondary defense subsystem to collect environmental temperature, humidity, wind speed, wind direction, air pressure, and real-time image data of set points along the transmission line corridor. The multi-protocol communication gateway communicates with the environmental sensor array, the meteorological monitoring module, and the main control PLC unit, respectively, and transmits the collected environmental data to the main control PLC unit. The main control PLC unit communicates with the power supply subsystem control circuit board of the power supply subsystem, the electromagnetic check valve of the primary defense subsystem, and the miniature stepper motor of the secondary defense subsystem. The system comprises a stepper motor (I), a stepper motor (II), a solenoid valve, a target tracking processor, and an automatic calibration module, all electrically connected. The main control PLC unit is used to analyze environmental data, assess the target threat level, and issue control commands to the corresponding subsystems. The HMI touchscreen and the remote monitoring interface are electrically connected to the main control PLC unit. The HMI touchscreen displays the system's operating status and sends early warning information to monitoring personnel, while the remote monitoring interface transmits early warning information to the remote monitoring terminal and supports remote operation. The data storage and recorder is electrically connected to the main control PLC unit and records system operating data and environmental data. The intelligent power management module allocates power to the corresponding subsystems. The audible and visual alarm is electrically connected to the main control PLC unit and works with the HMI touchscreen to issue audible and visual warnings of icing risk.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the dual-defense system for transmission line insulators, the photovoltaic power supply system includes a photovoltaic panel array, a solar controller, and a battery pack; the photovoltaic panel array charges the battery pack through the solar controller; the battery pack supplies power to the corresponding subsystem through the solar controller; the photovoltaic power supply system also includes a power supply monitoring module, which is used to monitor the power supply status.

[0014] This invention also provides a dual-defense method for transmission line insulators, applied to the aforementioned dual-defense system for transmission line insulators, comprising the following steps: S1: The intelligent control subsystem collects environmental data of the power transmission line corridor in real time through an environmental sensor array. The environmental data includes at least temperature, humidity, wind speed and wind direction. S2: The main control PLC unit of the intelligent control subsystem analyzes the environmental data. If it identifies that the icing warning conditions are met, it sends a warning message. If the high-risk threshold for icing is reached, it instructs the power supply subsystem to start the air compressor unit and pressurize the high-pressure air tank I and high-pressure air tank II to the predetermined pressure. S3: When rain or snowfall is detected, the intelligent control subsystem instructs the electromagnetic check valve of the first-level defense subsystem to open, and the main body of the annular jet device sprays high-pressure gas to form an annular air curtain. S4: The secondary defense subsystem monitors rain and snow that have broken through the annular air curtain through the target detection component. The target tracking processor calculates the aiming parameters. The intelligent control subsystem instructs the aiming drive component to adjust the angle of the airflow output pipe and controls the solenoid valve to open, launching a high-speed airflow to clear the rain and snow. S5: During the defense process, the intelligent control subsystem synchronously collects the surface parameters of the insulator until the preset defense cycle end conditions are met.

[0015] As a preferred solution for the dual-defense method for transmission line insulators, in step S2, the early warning information is simultaneously sent to monitoring personnel via the HMI touchscreen and remote monitoring interface; the main control PLC unit determines whether the high-risk threshold for icing has been reached using a mathematical model formula, which is: ; In the formula, To account for the risk factor of icing, For ambient temperature, For ambient relative humidity, For ambient wind speed, , , These are the weighting coefficients for temperature, humidity, and wind speed, respectively. , , ,when When the threshold for high-risk icing is reached, A high-risk threshold for icing is preset.

[0016] As a preferred scheme for the dual-defense method for transmission line insulators, in step S4, the automatic calibration module of the secondary defense subsystem calibrates the zero position of the aiming system in real time, the meteorological monitoring module provides environmental parameter correction, the main control PLC unit sorts the rain and snow targets according to their threat levels, prioritizes the clearing operation of high-threat targets, and the target tracking processor calculates the aiming angle parameters through a mathematical model formula. The aiming angle calculation formula is as follows: ; In the formula, The pitch aiming angle for the airflow output pipe. For the target height, The height of the airflow outlet pipe. The target horizontal distance, This is the wind speed correction factor.

[0017] This invention offers the following advantages: It constructs a dual defense mechanism of active isolation and precise removal. The first defense subsystem forms a ring-shaped air curtain to block rain and snow adhesion at the source, while the second defense subsystem precisely removes targets that breach the air curtain, significantly reducing the risk of insulator icing and flashover, avoiding cascading grid failures, and improving the reliability of grid operation under extreme rain and snow weather. The power supply subsystem employs a multi-stage stepped compression process, combined with cooling components, to achieve efficient and stable gas supply. This reduces component losses caused by temperature rise during single-stage compression while ensuring continuous output of high-pressure gas, providing reliable power support for the dual defense. The intelligent control subsystem, combined with environmental sensors and a meteorological monitoring module, enables 24 / 7 environmental monitoring, providing early warning of icing risks and activating defenses as needed, avoiding unnecessary energy consumption and balancing protection effectiveness with energy conservation requirements. An integrated photovoltaic power supply system provides auxiliary power through photovoltaic panel arrays and battery banks, improving the system's energy self-sufficiency rate, adapting to outdoor transmission line scenarios without mains power, reducing reliance on traditional power supplies, and enhancing system deployment flexibility. Each subsystem operates independently yet collaboratively. The structural design incorporates protective components such as lightning protection, shock absorption, and waterproofing / dustproofing, adapting to harsh outdoor environments and extending equipment lifespan. It also features manual adjustment components to handle emergency scenarios, enhancing overall system reliability and applicability. Compared to traditional anti-icing technologies, this system offers faster response times, lower energy consumption, and fully automated defense processes without manual intervention, reducing maintenance costs and operational risks, and effectively addressing the shortcomings of traditional technologies. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are merely exemplary, and those skilled in the art can derive other embodiments based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is an overall architecture diagram of the dual-defense system for transmission line insulators provided in this embodiment of the invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the power supply subsystem of the dual defense system for transmission line insulators provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 The diagram shows the first- and second-stage cylinder assembly and the first- and third-stage cylinder assembly of the power supply subsystem of the dual defense system for transmission line insulators provided in the embodiments of the present invention. (a) is the first- and second-stage cylinder assembly; (b) is the first- and third-stage cylinder assembly. Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the protective shell, heat dissipation fins, and air outlet of the power supply subsystem of the dual defense system for transmission line insulators provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the first defense subsystem of the dual defense system for transmission line insulators provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the secondary defense subsystem of the dual defense system for transmission line insulators provided in this embodiment of the invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the energy storage and release firing structure of the high-voltage gas storage tank II of the secondary defense subsystem of the dual defense system for transmission line insulators provided in this embodiment of the invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the intelligent control subsystem architecture of the dual defense system for transmission line insulators provided in this embodiment of the invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic power supply system for a dual-defense transmission line insulator provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] In the diagram, 1. Power supply subsystem; 2. Primary defense subsystem; 3. Secondary defense subsystem; 4. Intelligent control subsystem; 5. Photovoltaic power supply system; 101. High-pressure gas storage tank I; 102. Gas storage tank support; 103. Vibration damping washer; 104. Mechanical pressure gauge; 105. Electromagnetic one-way check valve I; 106. Safety pressure relief valve I; 107. Cooling drive motor; 108. Cooling fan blades; 109. First- and second-stage connecting rod piston assembly; 110. First- and second-stage cylinder assembly; 111. First- and third-stage connecting rod piston assembly; 112. First- and third-stage cylinder assembly. Cylinder assembly; 113. Crankshaft; 114. Crankcase; 115. Rotor; 116. Conveyor belt; 117. Drive motor; 118. Lightning protector; 119. High-pressure delivery hose; 120. Protective housing; 121. Heat sink fins; 122. Air outlet; 201. Annular jet device body; 202. Nozzle protective net; 203. Waterproof coating protective housing; 204. Shock-absorbing pad; 205. Electromagnetic check valve; 301. Power junction box; 302. Electronic pressure gauge II; 303. Aiming indicator light; 304. High-precision radar sensor; 305. 306. Infrared thermal imager; 307. Night vision device; 308. Infrared sight; 309. Airflow output pipe; 310. High-pressure air tank II; 311. Safety relief valve II; 312. Air inlet; 313. Stepper motor I; 314. Rotating bracket; 315. Anti-shake stabilizing bracket; 316. Shock-absorbing pad; 317. Manual knob; 318. Miniature stepper motor; 319. Rotating base; 320. Turret base; 321. Piston; 322. Spring; 323. Solenoid valve; 324. Waterproof and dustproof sealing ring; 32 5. Electromagnetic one-way check valve II; 326. Circular shock-absorbing pad; 327. Target tracking processor; 328. Automatic calibration module; 329. Meteorological monitoring module; 401. Main control PLC unit; 402. Multi-protocol communication gateway; 403. Environmental sensor array; 404. HMI touch screen; 405. Data storage and recorder; 406. Intelligent power management module; 407. Audible and visual alarm; 408. Remote monitoring interface; 501. Photovoltaic panel array; 502. Solar controller; 503. Battery pack; 504. Power supply monitoring module. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The following specific embodiments illustrate the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] See Figure 1This invention provides a dual-defense system for transmission line insulators, comprising a power supply subsystem 1, a primary defense subsystem 2, a secondary defense subsystem 3, an intelligent control subsystem 4, and a photovoltaic power supply system 5. The power supply subsystem 1 generates, stores, and transports high-pressure gas. The primary defense subsystem 2 and the secondary defense subsystem 3 are both connected to the power supply subsystem 1 via high-pressure delivery hoses 119 to obtain a high-pressure gas source. The primary defense subsystem 2 surrounds the transmission line insulator and forms an annular air curtain to prevent rain and snow from adhering to the insulator surface. The secondary defense subsystem 3 detects and removes rain and snow that breach the annular air curtain. The photovoltaic power supply system 5 provides power to the entire defense system. The power supply subsystem 1, primary defense subsystem 2, secondary defense subsystem 3, and photovoltaic power supply system 5 are all electrically connected to the intelligent control subsystem 4, which coordinates the startup, operation, and parameter adjustment of the power supply subsystem 1, primary defense subsystem 2, secondary defense subsystem 3, and photovoltaic power supply system 5.

[0023] Specifically, the high-pressure delivery hose 119 serves as a connecting structure, with one end connected to the high-pressure gas source output of the power supply subsystem 1, and the other end connected to the air inlets of the primary defense subsystem 2 and the secondary defense subsystem 3, respectively. This ensures that high-pressure gas can be stably delivered to the defense execution components, providing a power foundation for dual defense. The intelligent control subsystem 4 establishes electrical connections with the control modules of the other four subsystems via wires. It can receive real-time operating status signals from each subsystem and issue control commands such as start / stop and parameter adjustment, achieving full-process coordinated control. The photovoltaic power supply system 5 covers all subsystems through power supply lines, solving the problem of no fixed mains power supply for outdoor transmission lines and ensuring uninterrupted 24 / 7 operation of the system.

[0024] The primary defense subsystem 2 features a ring-shaped frame that conforms to the insulator's shape, forming a 360° annular air curtain with circumferentially distributed nozzles. This curtain blocks rain and snow from reaching the insulator, cutting off the contact path between rain / snow and the insulator surface at the source. The secondary defense subsystem 3 has an adjustable mechanical structure that can flexibly track rain / snow that has breached the air curtain and precisely removes it using directional high-pressure airflow. Together, they provide dual protection through active interception and precise supplementary defense. The intelligent control subsystem 4 dynamically adjusts the air supply pressure of the power supply subsystem 1, the air curtain opening duration of the primary defense subsystem 2, and the airflow emission frequency of the secondary defense subsystem 3 based on data collected by environmental sensors, including rain / snow intensity, temperature, and humidity. This avoids ineffective power consumption while ensuring optimal protection under various severe weather conditions, ultimately preventing power grid failures caused by insulator icing and flashover.

[0025] See Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4In this embodiment, the power supply subsystem 1 includes a high-pressure air storage tank I 101, a drive motor 117, a cylinder assembly, a connecting rod piston 321 assembly, a crankshaft 113, and a cooling component. The drive motor 117 is connected to the crankshaft 113 via a transmission structure to drive the crankshaft 113 to rotate. The crankshaft 113 is linked with the connecting rod piston 321 assembly, driving the connecting rod piston 321 assembly to reciprocate within the cylinder assembly to achieve air compression. The high-pressure air storage tank I 101 is used to store the compressed high-pressure gas. The cooling component is used to cool the cylinder assembly. The cylinder assembly includes a first-stage cylinder assembly 110 and a first-stage cylinder assembly 112, and a connecting rod piston 321 assembly. The assembly includes a first- and second-stage connecting rod piston assembly 109 and a first- and third-stage connecting rod piston assembly 111; the first- and second-stage connecting rod piston assembly 109 is adapted to the first- and second-stage cylinder assembly 110, and the first- and third-stage connecting rod piston assembly 111 is adapted to the first- and third-stage cylinder assembly 112; the transmission structure includes a rotary wheel 115 and a conveyor belt 116, and the drive motor 117 drives the crankshaft 113 to rotate through the conveyor belt 116 and the rotary wheel 115; the cooling components include a cooling drive motor 107, a cooling fan blade 108 and a heat sink 121, and the cooling drive motor 107 drives the cooling fan blade 108 to rotate in conjunction with the heat sink 121 to provide forced air cooling for the cylinder assembly.

[0026] Specifically, in the transmission structure, the roller 115 cooperates with the conveyor belt 116 to transmit the power of the drive motor 117 to the crankshaft 113. The anti-slip design on the surface of the roller 115 prevents the conveyor belt 116 from slipping, ensuring power transmission efficiency, while the flexible connection characteristics of the conveyor belt 116 can buffer the instantaneous impact force when the motor starts, protecting components such as the crankshaft 113. As the core of power conversion, the crankshaft 113, through its own eccentric structure, converts the rotational motion output by the drive motor 117 into the linear reciprocating motion of the connecting rod piston 321 assembly, providing power for air compression.

[0027] like Figure 3 As shown in parts (a) and (b), the first- and second-stage cylinder assembly 110 first performs preliminary compression on atmospheric pressure air, raising the gas pressure to a certain level. Then, the first- and second-stage cylinder assembly 110 delivers the gas to the first- and third-stage cylinder assembly 112 for secondary compression, ultimately obtaining high-pressure gas. This staged compression structure avoids excessively high temperatures inside the cylinder during single-stage compression, effectively reducing cylinder wall wear, seal aging, and other problems, thus extending the overall service life. Meanwhile, the compatibility structure between the connecting rod piston 321 assembly and the cylinder assembly is crucial. The sealing ring on the outer circumference of the piston 321 fits tightly against the cylinder wall, ensuring airtightness during compression and preventing gas leakage from affecting compression efficiency. The connecting rod is made of high-strength material, and its connecting structures at both ends precisely match the crankshaft 113 and piston 321, respectively, ensuring stable power transmission and smooth reciprocating motion.

[0028] The cooling components provide temperature protection for the compression process. The cooling drive motor 107 drives the cooling fan blades 108 to rotate, generating a directional airflow that blows towards the cylinder assembly. The heat dissipation fins 121 are tightly attached to the outer wall of the cylinder, increasing the contact area between the cylinder and the air. This allows the heat generated when the cylinder compresses air to be quickly dissipated and carried away by the airflow, keeping the cylinder within a stable operating temperature range. This prevents lubricant failure and component damage due to high temperatures, ensuring that the high-pressure gas tank I 101 can continuously store sufficient and qualified high-pressure gas, providing stable power for defensive actions.

[0029] In this embodiment, the power supply subsystem 1 also includes a gas tank bracket 102, a shock-absorbing washer 103, a mechanical pressure gauge 104, an electromagnetic one-way check valve I 105, a safety pressure relief valve I 106, a lightning protection device 118, a protective housing 120, a gas outlet 122, and a power supply subsystem control circuit board; the high-pressure gas tank I 101 is fixed inside the protective housing 120 by the gas tank bracket 102, and a shock-absorbing washer 103 is installed between the gas tank bracket 102 and the high-pressure gas tank I 101; the mechanical pressure gauge 104 is installed at the interface of the high-pressure gas tank I 101 to monitor the pressure inside the tank; the electromagnetic one-way check valve I 105... Installed at the gas path node to prevent gas backflow; safety relief valve I106 is used to ensure that the pressure of high-pressure gas storage tank I101 does not exceed the standard; lightning protection device 118 is connected to the power line to resist lightning surges; the power supply subsystem control circuit board integrates pressure regulation and motor drive modules to control the automated operation of power supply subsystem 1; the gas outlet 122 is installed below the heat sink fins 121, one end of the gas outlet 122 is connected to high-pressure gas storage tank I101 through a high-strength flange, and the other end of the gas outlet 122 is connected to the primary defense subsystem 2 and the secondary defense subsystem 3 through a high-pressure delivery hose 119 to supply high-pressure gas source.

[0030] Specifically, regarding stability assurance, the gas tank bracket 102 is fixed inside the protective shell 120 by welding or bolting. Its shape conforms to the outer wall of the high-pressure gas tank I 101, firmly securing the gas tank and preventing displacement caused by outdoor wind and vibration. The shock-absorbing washer 103 between the gas tank bracket 102 and the gas tank is made of elastic material, effectively absorbing vibrations generated by the drive motor 117 and crankshaft 113 during operation, preventing long-term vibration from causing cracks in the gas tank welds, and also reducing operating noise and minimizing the impact on the surrounding environment. The protective shell 120, as the outer protective structure, isolates outdoor rainwater, dust, and debris, preventing corrosion of internal precision components and extending their service life.

[0031] Among them, the mechanical pressure gauge 104 is directly installed at the interface of the high-pressure gas storage tank I101, which can reflect the pressure changes inside the tank in real time, allowing operators to intuitively grasp the gas source status; the electromagnetic one-way check valve I105 is installed at a key node of the gas circuit, and its internal one-way conduction structure can prevent the compressed high-pressure gas from flowing back to the cylinder assembly, avoiding the backflow gas impacting the compressor, causing the crankshaft 113 to reverse and damage the components; the safety pressure relief valve I106 is the pressure safety line. When the pressure inside the tank exceeds the preset safety value, the valve will automatically open to relieve pressure, and will automatically close after the pressure drops to the safe range, preventing the gas storage tank from having a safety accident due to overpressure; the surge protector 118 is connected to the power line and can quickly divert surge current when encountering lightning strikes, protecting electrical components such as the drive motor 117 and control circuit board from lightning damage, adapting to the outdoor lightning strike environment of power transmission lines. The automated control function is implemented by the power supply subsystem control circuit board. Its integrated pressure regulation module can receive the pressure signal transmitted by the mechanical pressure gauge 104. When the pressure inside the tank is lower than the preset value, the drive motor 117 is automatically started to replenish the air; when the pressure reaches the set value, the motor is controlled to stop running, thus achieving automatic pressure maintenance. The motor drive module can adjust the speed of the drive motor 117 and the cooling drive motor 107 according to the control command to ensure that the compression efficiency and cooling effect are matched. At the same time, the control circuit board can also interact with the intelligent control subsystem 4, receive the start and stop commands of the overall system, realize the coordinated operation with other subsystems, and reduce the need for manual intervention.

[0032] See Figure 5 In this embodiment, the first-layer defense subsystem 2 includes an annular jet device body 201 and an electromagnetic one-way valve 205. The annular jet device body 201 has multiple nozzles to spray high-pressure gas to form an annular air curtain. The electromagnetic one-way valve 205 is connected in series to the air intake manifold of the annular jet device body 201 and is electrically connected to the intelligent control subsystem 4. The electromagnetic one-way valve 205 is used to control the opening and closing of the air passage. The first-layer defense subsystem 2 also includes a nozzle protective net 202, a waterproof coating protective shell 203, and a shock-absorbing pad 204. The nozzle protective net 202 is installed at the outlet of each nozzle to block debris from entering. The waterproof coating protective shell 203 covers the annular jet device body 201 to cope with the outdoor environment. The annular jet device body 201 is connected to the iron tower or mounting bracket through the shock-absorbing pad 204.

[0033] Specifically, the main body 201 of the annular jet device is the actuating component. Its annular frame inner diameter matches the outer diameter of the insulator, allowing it to be arranged around the insulator. The nozzles arranged in a specific pattern around the circumference of the main body ensure that the ejected high-pressure gas forms a continuous and uniform annular air curtain around the insulator. When the high-pressure gas is ejected from the nozzle, it forms a high-speed airflow, which not only blocks rain and snow coming from the horizontal direction, but also blows away any small amount of water droplets that may remain on the surface of the insulator, disrupting the adhesion conditions of rain and snow on the surface of the insulator and reducing the risk of icing and flashover from the source.

[0034] Among them, the electromagnetic one-way valve 205, as a gas path control component, is connected in series on the air intake manifold of the annular jet device body 201 and is electrically connected to the intelligent control subsystem 4. It can quickly respond to control commands: when the intelligent control subsystem 4 detects rain or snow, the electromagnetic one-way valve 205 is energized and opened, and high-pressure gas enters the annular jet device body 201 to form an air curtain; when the weather improves or no defense is needed, the valve is de-energized and closed, cutting off the gas path and avoiding waste of high-pressure gas. Nozzle protection nets 202 are installed at each nozzle outlet to block debris such as leaves, insects, and dust from entering the nozzles, preventing nozzle blockage and air curtain breakage, and ensuring the integrity of the air curtain. Waterproof coating protective shells 203 cover the main body 201 of the annular jet device. The waterproof coating on its surface can isolate rainwater and dew, prevent corrosion of the main metal parts, and resist ultraviolet radiation to delay the aging of the parts. Vibration damping pads 204 are installed between the main body 201 of the annular jet device and the tower or mounting bracket. Made of elastic material, they can isolate the tower from vibrations caused by wind and line galloping, prevent vibration from causing nozzle position displacement, ensure the stability of the air curtain shape, and guarantee the continuous and reliable protective effect.

[0035] See Figure 6 and Figure 7In this embodiment, the secondary defense subsystem 3 includes a power junction box 301, an electronic pressure gauge II 302, a aiming indicator light 303, a high-precision radar sensor 304, an infrared thermal imager 305, a night vision device 306, an infrared sight 307, an airflow output pipe 308, a high-pressure gas tank II 309, a safety pressure relief valve II 310, an air inlet 311, a stepper motor I 312, a rotating bracket 313, a stepper motor II 314, a manual knob 317, a micro stepper motor 318, a rotating base 319, a turret base 320, a solenoid valve 323, a target tracking processor 327, an automatic calibration module 328, and a weather monitoring module 329; the gun... The turret base 320 is rigidly fixed by anchor bolts. The rotating base 319 is mounted on the turret base 320 via bearings. A micro stepper motor 318 is connected to the drive gear set of the rotating base 319 to drive the rotating base 319 to achieve 360° horizontal rotation. Stepper motors I 312 and II 314 are connected to the rear trunnion of the airflow output pipe 308 via a rotating bracket 313 to form the pitch adjustment mechanism of the aiming drive component. A manual knob 317 is installed on the side of the turret base 320 for emergency manual adjustment of the aiming angle. The high-precision radar sensor 304, infrared thermal imager 305, night vision device 306, infrared sight 307, and target are also included. The tracking processor 327 forms the target detection component. A high-precision radar sensor 304, an infrared thermal imager 305, and a night vision device 306 are used to collaboratively detect rain and snow targets that penetrate the annular air curtain. An infrared aiming device 307 assists in aiming. The target tracking processor 327 processes sensor data and calculates aiming parameters. A high-pressure gas storage tank II 309 receives high-pressure gas from the power supply subsystem 1 through an air inlet 311. A safety pressure relief valve II 310 is installed on the side of the high-pressure gas storage tank II 309 to prevent the internal pressure from exceeding the limit. An electronic pressure gauge II 302 is installed at the interface of the high-pressure gas storage tank II 309 for real-time monitoring of the internal pressure. An airflow output pipe 308 generates high-pressure airflow. The firing terminal has an airflow output pipe 308 connected at its tail to the outlet 122 of the high-pressure gas storage tank II 309 via a high-pressure metal rigid pipe. A solenoid valve 323 is connected in series with the high-pressure metal rigid pipe and is electrically connected to the intelligent control subsystem 4 to control the timing and duration of the high-pressure airflow launch. An aiming indicator light 303 is installed next to the airflow output pipe 308 to display the system's aiming readiness status. A power junction box 301 is installed in the high-pressure gas storage tank II 309 to provide stable power to the secondary defense subsystem 3. An automatic calibration module 328 is used to calibrate the aiming system's zero position in real time, and a meteorological monitoring module 329 is used to collect environmental parameters and provide a basis for aiming correction.

[0036] Specifically, in the target detection stage, the detection components employ a multi-sensor fusion structure. A high-precision radar sensor 304 can detect the position and movement trajectory of rain and snow targets at long distances, unaffected by visibility. An infrared thermal imager 305 accurately identifies target outlines by capturing the temperature difference between rain / snow and air. A night vision device 306 can clearly capture targets at night or in low-light conditions. These three sensors complement each other, ensuring all-weather, all-around target detection coverage. The data collected by these sensors is transmitted via wires to a target tracking processor 327. After fusing and analyzing the data, the processor calculates the aiming angle parameters that the airflow output pipe 308 needs to adjust. An infrared sight 307 uses an optical structure to assist the operator in confirming the target position, further improving aiming accuracy.

[0037] The turret base 320 is rigidly fixed to the turret platform with anchor bolts, providing a stable foundation for the entire aiming system. The rotating base 319 is connected to the turret base 320 through bearings, resulting in low frictional resistance. The micro stepper motor 318 drives the rotating base 319 to rotate through a drive gear set, enabling the airflow output pipe 308 to rotate 360° horizontally, covering all possible target directions. Stepper motors I 312 and II are connected to the trunnion at the rear of the airflow output pipe 308 through a rotating bracket 313. The rotating structure of the trunnion can drive the airflow output pipe 308 to adjust its pitch angle. The dual stepper motor drive eliminates backlash, ensuring the accuracy of angle adjustment and enabling the airflow output pipe 308 to quickly and accurately align with the target.

[0038] High-pressure gas storage tank II 309 receives high-pressure gas from the power supply subsystem 1 through the air inlet 311, serving as a power reserve for immediate strikes. Electronic pressure gauge II 302 monitors the internal pressure in real time to ensure it meets launch requirements. Safety relief valve II 310 ensures the internal pressure does not exceed limits, preventing accidents. Solenoid valve 323 is connected in series to the high-pressure metal rigid pipe and electrically to the intelligent control subsystem 4. It can quickly respond to control commands, precisely controlling the timing and duration of gas flow launch to ensure accurate strikes without wasting gas. Gas flow output pipe 308 serves as the high-pressure gas launch terminal; its internal flow channel structure enables the high-pressure gas to form a high-speed, directional airflow, effectively breaking down rain and snow targets. In addition, the automatic calibration module 328 uses its internal attitude sensing structure to detect the zero-position shift of the aiming system caused by vibration and temperature changes in real time, and automatically corrects it to ensure aiming accuracy; the meteorological monitoring module 329 collects environmental parameters such as wind speed and humidity, providing a basis for correction for the target tracking processor 327 and offsetting the impact of environmental factors on aiming; the power junction box 301 provides stable power to all electrical components; and the manual knob 317 serves as an emergency backup structure, allowing manual adjustment of the aiming angle via mechanical transmission in the event of an automation system failure, thereby improving system reliability.

[0039] In this embodiment, the secondary defense subsystem 3 further includes a shake-stabilizing bracket 315, a shock-absorbing pad 316, a piston 321, a spring 322, an electromagnetic one-way check valve II 325, a waterproof and dustproof sealing ring 324, and a circular shock-absorbing pad 326. The piston 321 is installed in the inner cavity of the high-pressure gas storage tank II 309, dividing the inner cavity into a front cavity connected to the airflow output pipe 308 and a rear cavity used for gas storage. The spring 322 is in a compressed state and is pressed against the piston 321 and the rear end cover of the high-pressure gas storage tank II 309. The piston 321 and the spring 322 together form the energy storage, release, and firing structure of the high-pressure gas storage tank II 309. The electromagnetic one-way check valve II 325 is connected in series with the high-pressure gas storage tank II. On the high-pressure metal rigid pipe between 309 and the airflow output pipe 308, an electromagnetic one-way check valve II 325 is used to prevent high-pressure gas backflow during launch; a waterproof and dustproof sealing ring 324 is installed at the connection between the airflow output pipe 308 and the high-pressure metal rigid pipe; a shake-stabilizing bracket 315 is connected between stepper motor II 314 and micro stepper motor 318; a shock-absorbing pad 316 is provided at the contact point between the shake-stabilizing bracket 315 and stepper motor II 314, and also at the contact point between stepper motor I 312 and rotating bracket 313; a circular shock-absorbing pad 326 is installed between the bottom of the turret base 320 and the mounting platform to absorb the recoil impact after launch.

[0040] Specifically, piston 321 divides the inner cavity of high-pressure gas tank II 309 into a front chamber and a rear chamber. The rear chamber is used to store high-pressure gas, and spring 322 is in a pre-compressed state, pressing against piston 321. During inflation, the high-pressure gas in the rear chamber pushes piston 321 forward, further compressing spring 322 to store elastic potential energy. During launch, solenoid valve 323 opens, the gas pressure in the rear chamber drops sharply, spring 322 releases elastic potential energy, pushing piston 321 forward rapidly, squeezing the gas in the front chamber, causing the gas pressure in the front chamber to surge instantly, forming a higher-speed airflow that is ejected from airflow outlet pipe 308, greatly improving the impact force on rain and snow targets, and ensuring effective removal of denser or larger rain and snow masses. The electromagnetic one-way check valve II325 is connected in series in the gas path between the high-pressure gas tank II309 and the gas output pipe 308. Its internal one-way conduction structure can prevent high-pressure gas from rushing back into the rear cavity of the gas tank when the gas is emitted, and avoid the backflow gas impacting the piston 321 and spring 322, which could cause the spring 322 to deform or the piston 321 to fail to seal. The waterproof and dustproof sealing ring 324 is installed at the connection between the gas output pipe 308 and the high-pressure metal rigid pipe. It is made of elastic sealing material and can fit tightly to the connection gap, preventing outdoor rainwater and dust from entering the gas path, avoiding gas path corrosion and blockage, and ensuring smooth gas path and component life.

[0041] The anti-shake stabilization bracket 315 adopts a high-strength frame structure, connecting the stepper motor II 314 and the micro stepper motor 318. It can suppress the small vibrations generated during motor operation and prevent the vibration from being transmitted to the airflow output pipe 308, causing aiming deviation. The shock-absorbing pads 316 are made of elastic material and are respectively set at the contact points between the anti-shake stabilization bracket 315 and the stepper motor II 314, and between the stepper motor I 312 and the rotating bracket 313. They can absorb the vibration energy generated during motor operation and angle adjustment, further improving the stability of the aiming system and ensuring accurate aiming angle. The circular shock-absorbing pads 326 are installed between the bottom of the turret base 320 and the mounting platform. They have good buffering performance and can quickly absorb the impact force when the airflow generates recoil, preventing the recoil force from being transmitted to the turret and causing damage to the turret structure. At the same time, they prevent the recoil force from causing displacement of the aiming system, ensuring the accuracy of the next aiming.

[0042] See Figure 8 In this embodiment, the intelligent control subsystem 4 includes a main control PLC unit 401, a multi-protocol communication gateway 402, an environmental sensor array 403, an HMI touch screen 404, a data storage and recorder 405, an intelligent power management module 406, an audible and visual alarm 407, and a remote monitoring interface 408. The environmental sensor array 403 works in conjunction with the meteorological monitoring module 329 of the secondary defense subsystem 3 to collect environmental temperature, humidity, wind speed, wind direction, air pressure, and real-time image data of the transmission line corridor and setpoints. The multi-protocol communication gateway 402 communicates with the environmental sensor array 403, the meteorological monitoring module 329, and the main control PLC unit 401, respectively, and transmits the collected environmental data to the main control PLC unit 401. The main control PLC unit 401 communicates with the power supply subsystem control circuit board of the power supply subsystem 1, the electromagnetic check valve 205 of the primary defense subsystem 2, the micro stepper motor 318 of the secondary defense subsystem 3, and the stepper motor... The system is electrically connected to the following components: Machine I 312, Stepper Motor II 314, Solenoid Valve 323, Target Tracking Processor 327, and Automatic Calibration Module 328. The main control PLC unit 401 is used to analyze environmental data, assess the target threat level, and issue control commands to the corresponding subsystems. The HMI touchscreen 404 and remote monitoring interface 408 are electrically connected to the main control PLC unit 401. The HMI touchscreen 404 is used to display the system's operating status to monitoring personnel and send early warning information. The remote monitoring interface 408 is used to transmit early warning information to the remote monitoring terminal and support remote operation. The data storage and recorder 405 is electrically connected to the main control PLC unit 401. The data storage and recorder 405 is used to record system operating data and environmental data. The intelligent power management module 406 is used to allocate power supply to the corresponding subsystems. The audible and visual alarm 407 is electrically connected to the main control PLC unit 401. The audible and visual alarm 407 is used in conjunction with the HMI touchscreen 404 to issue audible and visual warnings of icing risk.

[0043] Specifically, in the data acquisition phase, the environmental sensor array 403 consists of multiple sensors of different types, installed at key locations around the insulator. It simultaneously collects environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, wind direction, and air pressure, as well as real-time image data of the insulator's surroundings, providing a comprehensive understanding of environmental changes and target conditions. The meteorological monitoring module 329 of the secondary defense subsystem 3 supplements this with more refined local environmental parameters. Both sets of data are transmitted via wires to the multi-protocol communication gateway 402. The multi-protocol communication gateway 402 supports multiple communication protocols and can aggregate and convert the scattered data from different sensors before transmitting it uniformly to the main control PLC unit 401. This ensures data transmission compatibility and real-time performance, providing a complete data foundation for subsequent analysis and decision-making.

[0044] The analysis and decision-making process is led by the main control PLC unit 401. Its integrated computing module preprocesses the received environmental data, filtering noise and correcting errors, and then calculates the environmental risk level using a preset algorithm model. When an icing warning risk is detected, the PLC unit triggers the warning process. When the risk level reaches a high threshold, the defense process is automatically initiated, and the operating parameters of each subsystem are dynamically adjusted according to the intensity of rain and snow and environmental parameters. For example, when the rain and snow intensity is high, the power supply subsystem 1 is instructed to increase the air supply pressure, the primary defense subsystem extends the air curtain opening time, and the secondary defense subsystem 3 increases the airflow emission frequency to achieve "on-demand defense." At the same time, the PLC unit also receives the operating status data of each subsystem through the feedback signal interface to ensure accurate execution of instructions.

[0045] During the instruction execution phase, the PLC unit establishes connections with the control components of each subsystem through digital and analog output interfaces: it sends "start / stop" and "pressure adjustment" commands to the power supply subsystem control circuit board to control the high-pressure air supply; it sends "on / off" commands to the electromagnetic check valve 205 of the first-level defense subsystem 2 to control the start and stop of the air curtain; it sends pulse commands to the micro stepper motor 318 and stepper motor driver of the second-level defense subsystem 3 to control the aiming angle adjustment, sends "on / off" commands to the solenoid valve 323 to control the airflow emission; and it sends "calibration" commands to the automatic calibration module 328 to ensure aiming accuracy.

[0046] In the interactive feedback stage, the HMI touchscreen 404 is connected to the PLC unit via wires, displaying real-time operating parameters, environmental data, and early warning information for each subsystem. It allows operators to set parameters and manually intervene in control via touch. The remote monitoring interface 408 connects to the power grid monitoring center via a network, transmitting early warning information and operating data in real-time. It supports remote system start / stop and modification of control parameters, enabling remote management in unattended scenarios. The data storage and recorder 405 automatically records system operating data and environmental data, facilitating subsequent maintenance analysis and fault tracing. The intelligent power management module 406 connects to the photovoltaic power supply system 5 and the electrical components of each subsystem via wires, rationally allocating power according to the power requirements of each component. It also features overcurrent, overvoltage, and undervoltage protection functions to ensure stable and safe power supply. The audible and visual alarm 407 emits a high-decibel sound and flashing lights when an early warning is triggered, working in conjunction with the HMI touchscreen 404 to alert on-site or remote personnel to pay attention to the system status.

[0047] See Figure 9 In this embodiment, the photovoltaic power supply system 5 includes a photovoltaic panel array 501, a solar controller 502, and a battery pack 503; the photovoltaic panel array 501 charges the battery pack 503 through the solar controller 502; the battery pack 503 supplies power to the corresponding subsystem through the solar controller 502; the photovoltaic power supply system 5 also includes a power supply monitoring module 504, which is used to monitor the power supply status.

[0048] Specifically, the photovoltaic panel array 501 consists of multiple photovoltaic panels. The photosensitive surface of the photovoltaic panel absorbs solar radiation energy and converts the light energy into electrical energy through the internal photoelectric conversion structure. The installation angle of the photovoltaic panel array 501 is optimized according to the latitude of the deployment location to ensure that the photosensitive surface can receive solar radiation to the maximum extent and improve power generation efficiency. Multiple photovoltaic panels are combined in series and parallel to adjust the output voltage and current to meet subsequent charging and power supply needs.

[0049] The solar controller 502's internal maximum power point tracking module can track the output power changes of the photovoltaic array 501 in real time, ensuring the photovoltaic panels always operate at maximum power output and improving charging efficiency. Simultaneously, the solar controller 502 charges the battery pack 503 through a three-stage charging mode (constant current charging, constant voltage charging, and float charging): constant current charging is used initially to quickly increase battery capacity; once a certain level is reached, it switches to constant voltage charging to prevent overcharging; and finally, float charging maintains the battery at full charge, preventing overcharging damage. The battery pack 503, as an energy storage component, stores the electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic array 501, providing power to various subsystems at night or when sunlight is insufficient, ensuring uninterrupted system operation around the clock. The capacity of the battery pack 503 is designed based on the total system power consumption and the needs of continuous cloudy / rainy weather, ensuring power supply stability under extreme weather conditions.

[0050] The power supply monitoring module 504 monitors the output voltage and current of the photovoltaic panel array 501, the voltage and remaining power of the battery pack 503, and the power supply voltage and current of each subsystem in real time through voltage and current sensors, and transmits the monitoring data to the intelligent control subsystem 4. When an abnormality is detected, the intelligent control subsystem 4 will issue an early warning in a timely manner and adjust the power supply strategy accordingly to ensure the normal operation of the system's critical functions.

[0051] This invention also provides a dual-defense method for transmission line insulators, applied to the dual-defense system for transmission line insulators described above, comprising the following steps: S1: The intelligent control subsystem 4 collects environmental data of the power transmission line corridor in real time through the environmental sensor array 403. The environmental data includes at least temperature, humidity, wind speed and wind direction. Specifically, in the environmental sensor array 403, the temperature sensor senses changes in ambient temperature through a thermistor and converts the temperature signal into an electrical signal; the humidity sensor obtains relative humidity data through changes in the resistance / capacitance of the hygroscopic material; and the wind speed and direction sensor uses airflow to drive the mechanical structure to rotate or generate pressure differences to achieve accurate acquisition of wind speed and direction. These sensors continuously collect data at a preset frequency to ensure real-time capture of environmental changes along the power transmission line corridor. Temperature directly affects whether rain and snow freeze into ice, humidity determines the adhesion ability of rain and snow, and wind speed and direction affect the movement trajectory of rain and snow. These data collectively form the basis for subsequent risk assessment and defense decisions, avoiding delays or misjudgments in defense due to missing data.

[0052] S2: The main control PLC unit 401 of the intelligent control subsystem 4 analyzes the environmental data. If it identifies that the icing warning conditions are met, it sends a warning message. If the high risk threshold of icing is reached, it instructs the power supply subsystem 1 to start the air compressor unit and pressurize the high pressure storage tank I 101 and high pressure storage tank II 309 to the predetermined pressure. Specifically, after receiving temperature, humidity, and wind speed data transmitted by the environmental sensor array 403, the main control PLC unit 401 first compares them with preset icing warning conditions. If the conditions are met, an early warning is triggered to ensure that personnel are aware of the risks in advance. When further analysis is performed to determine whether the high-risk threshold for icing has been reached, the PLC unit processes the data through its built-in algorithm to provide a decision-making basis for subsequent pressurization actions. If the high-risk threshold is determined to have been reached, the PLC unit immediately sends a start command to the control circuit board of the power supply subsystem 1 to drive the air compressor unit to run and pressurize the high-pressure air storage tanks I101 and II to the predetermined pressure. Pre-pressurization can avoid delays in defense due to waiting for air storage when rain and snow arrive, ensuring that the two-level defense subsystems always have sufficient power to quickly respond to subsequent defense needs.

[0053] S3: When rain or snowfall is detected, the intelligent control subsystem 4 instructs the electromagnetic one-way valve 205 of the first defense subsystem 2 to open, and the main body 201 of the annular jet device sprays out high-pressure gas to form an annular air curtain. Specifically, the intelligent control subsystem 4, upon confirming rainfall or snowfall via the environmental sensor array 403 or a dedicated rain and snow sensor, immediately sends an energizing command to the electromagnetic check valve 205 of the primary defense subsystem 2. After energizing, the internal valve core of the electromagnetic check valve 205 moves, opening the air passage. High-pressure gas stored in the power supply subsystem 1 then enters the annular jet device body 201 through the main air intake pipe. The annular structure and circumferentially distributed nozzles of the annular jet device body 201 ensure that the high-pressure gas is evenly ejected, forming a continuous annular air curtain around the insulator. This air curtain, through the blocking and sweeping action of the airflow, isolates falling or horizontally incoming rain and snow from the insulator surface, disrupting the initial conditions for rain and snow adhesion, significantly reducing the risk of insulator icing, and simultaneously alleviating the interception pressure on the secondary defense subsystem 3.

[0054] S4: The secondary defense subsystem 3 monitors the rain and snow that have broken through the annular air curtain through the target detection component. The target tracking processor 327 calculates the aiming parameters. The intelligent control subsystem 4 instructs the aiming drive component to adjust the angle of the airflow output pipe 308 and controls the solenoid valve 323 to open, launching a high-speed airflow to clear the rain and snow. Specifically, the high-precision radar sensor 304 in the target detection component captures the location of rain and snow targets at a long distance, the infrared thermal imager 305 identifies the target outline through temperature difference, and the night vision device 306 ensures detection performance in low-light environments. Data fusion of these three components ensures no target is missed. The target tracking processor 327 calculates the target coordinates, motion trajectory, and other data to determine the angle parameters that the airflow output pipe 308 needs to be adjusted. The intelligent control subsystem 4 sends commands to the aiming drive component. The micro stepper motor 318 drives the rotating base 319 to achieve horizontal angle adjustment, and the stepper motor I 312 and stepper motor II 314 drive the airflow output pipe 308 to complete the pitch angle adjustment through the rotating bracket 313, ensuring that the airflow output pipe 308 is accurately aligned with the target. The intelligent control subsystem 4 controls the solenoid valve 323 to be energized and opened, and the high-pressure gas in the high-pressure gas tank II 309 is ejected at high speed through the airflow output pipe 308, using the impact force of the airflow to break up the rain and snow targets and prevent them from adhering to the surface of the insulator. The entire process, from target discovery to elimination, is automated without human intervention, ensuring both defense efficiency and accuracy.

[0055] S5: During the defense process, the intelligent control subsystem 4 synchronously collects the surface parameters of the insulator until the preset defense cycle end conditions are met. Specifically, the intelligent control subsystem 4 uses image sensors or dedicated insulator status sensors to collect parameters such as icing conditions, humidity, and contamination levels on the insulator surface in real time, continuously monitoring the defense effect. If there are no signs of rain, snow, or icing on the insulator surface, the defense is effective; if a small amount of rain or snow occurs, feedback can be sent to the PLC unit to adjust the defense parameters (such as increasing the air curtain pressure or increasing the airflow emission frequency). The preset defense cycle end conditions include "environmental data returning to normal," "continuous defense reaching the preset duration," and "insulator surface parameters stabilizing within a safe range." When any of these conditions are met, the intelligent control subsystem 4 instructs each subsystem to stop operating sequentially, avoiding unnecessary energy consumption and achieving on-demand defense.

[0056] In this embodiment, in step S2, the warning information is simultaneously sent to the monitoring personnel via the HMI touchscreen 404 and the remote monitoring interface 408; the main control PLC unit 401 determines whether the high-risk threshold for icing has been reached using a mathematical model formula, which is: ; In the formula, To account for the risk factor of icing, For ambient temperature, For ambient relative humidity, For ambient wind speed, , , These are the weighting coefficients for temperature, humidity, and wind speed, respectively. , , ,when When the threshold for high-risk icing is reached, A high-risk threshold for icing is preset.

[0057] Specifically, regarding early warning transmission, the HMI touchscreen 404 displays real-time early warning information to on-site maintenance personnel through a data visualization interface, while the remote monitoring interface 408 transmits the early warning data to the power grid monitoring center via the network, achieving dual early warning from both on-site and remote sources. This ensures that monitoring personnel are promptly aware of risks and can prepare emergency measures in advance. In terms of risk quantification, abstract environmental factors are transformed into calculable icing risk coefficients. Through weighting coefficients , , This reflects the degree of influence of various factors on icing. This is because the lower the temperature, the higher the risk of icing, and low temperatures make it easier for the coefficient results to reach the threshold. , This is because higher humidity makes it easier for rain and snow to adhere, and higher wind speeds make it easier for rain and snow to impact the insulators and accelerate freezing; both of these factors increase the risk of icing. , , Substitute into the formula to calculate Then compared with the preset threshold In contrast, this method replaces traditional experience-based judgments, making the assessment of high-risk icing more accurate and objective, and avoiding premature or delayed defense activation due to human error.

[0058] In this embodiment, in step S4, the automatic calibration module 328 of the secondary defense subsystem 3 calibrates the zero position of the aiming system in real time, the meteorological monitoring module 329 provides environmental parameter correction, the main control PLC unit 401 sorts the rain and snow targets according to their threat levels, prioritizes the clearing operation of high-threat targets, and the target tracking processor 327 calculates the aiming angle parameters through a mathematical model formula. The aiming angle calculation formula is as follows: ; In the formula, The pitch aiming angle for the airflow output pipe 308. For the target height, The height of the airflow outlet pipe is 308. The target horizontal distance, This is the wind speed correction factor.

[0059] Specifically, the automatic calibration module 328 uses a built-in gyroscope or reference sensor to detect the zero-position shift of the aiming system caused by vibration and temperature changes in real time, and automatically sends correction commands to adjust the angle to avoid aiming deviation caused by zero-position drift. The meteorological monitoring module 329 collects environmental parameters such as wind speed and wind direction to provide external correction basis for aiming. In terms of clearing priority, the main control PLC unit 401 classifies the threat level according to the size, density, movement speed and distance of rain and snow targets from the insulators. After sorting by level, it prioritizes instructing the secondary defense subsystem 3 to clear high-threat targets, preventing high-risk rain and snow from attaching to the insulators first and improving defense efficiency. In terms of aiming angle calculation, the pitch aiming angle of the airflow output pipe 308 is calculated by combining geometric relationships and environmental corrections. Based on the height difference and horizontal distance between the target and the airflow output pipe 308, the basic pitch angle is obtained using trigonometric functions of a right triangle; the influence of wind speed on the trajectory of high-speed airflow is also considered. During flight, the airflow will be deflected by wind force; the basic angle is compensated by multiplying the wind speed by a wind speed correction coefficient, ensuring that the high-speed airflow accurately hits the target and avoiding clearance failure due to environmental interference.

[0060] Although the present invention has been described in detail above with general descriptions and specific embodiments, modifications or improvements can be made to it, which will be obvious to those skilled in the art. Therefore, all such modifications or improvements made without departing from the spirit of the present invention fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A dual-defense system for transmission line insulators, characterized in that, It includes a power supply subsystem (1), a primary defense subsystem (2), a secondary defense subsystem (3), an intelligent control subsystem (4), and a photovoltaic power supply system (5). The power supply subsystem (1) is used to generate, store and transport high-pressure gas. The first defense subsystem (2) and the second defense subsystem (3) are connected to the power supply subsystem (1) through high-pressure delivery hoses (119) to obtain high-pressure gas sources. The first-level defense subsystem (2) is set up around the insulator of the transmission line. The first-level defense subsystem (2) is used to form an annular air curtain to block rain and snow from adhering to the surface of the insulator. The second-level defense subsystem (3) is used to detect and remove rain and snow that break through the annular air curtain. The photovoltaic power supply system (5) is used to provide power to the entire defense system. The power supply subsystem (1), the primary defense subsystem (2), the secondary defense subsystem (3), and the photovoltaic power supply system (5) are all electrically connected to the intelligent control subsystem (4). The intelligent control subsystem (4) is used to coordinate the startup, operation, and parameter adjustment of the power supply subsystem (1), the primary defense subsystem (2), the secondary defense subsystem (3), and the photovoltaic power supply system (5).

2. The dual-defense system for transmission line insulators according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power supply subsystem (1) includes a high-pressure gas storage tank I (101), a drive motor (117), a cylinder assembly, a connecting rod piston assembly, a crankshaft (113), and cooling components; The drive motor (117) is connected to the crankshaft (113) through a transmission structure to drive the crankshaft (113) to rotate; the crankshaft (113) is linked with the connecting rod piston assembly to drive the connecting rod piston assembly to reciprocate within the cylinder assembly to achieve air compression; The high-pressure gas storage tank I (101) is used to store compressed high-pressure gas; the cooling component is used to cool the cylinder assembly; The cylinder assembly includes a first- and second-stage cylinder assembly (110) and a first- and third-stage cylinder assembly (112), and the connecting rod piston assembly includes a first- and second-stage connecting rod piston assembly (109) and a first- and third-stage connecting rod piston assembly (111); the first- and second-stage connecting rod piston assembly (109) is adapted to the first- and second-stage cylinder assembly (110), and the first- and third-stage connecting rod piston assembly (111) is adapted to the first- and third-stage cylinder assembly (112); The transmission structure includes a rotating wheel (115) and a conveyor belt (116). The drive motor (117) drives the crankshaft (113) to rotate through the conveyor belt (116) and the rotating wheel (115). The cooling components include a cooling drive motor (107), cooling fan blades (108), and heat dissipation fins (121). The cooling drive motor (107) drives the cooling fan blades (108) to rotate, so as to cooperate with the heat dissipation fins (121) to force air cooling of the cylinder assembly.

3. The dual-defense system for transmission line insulators according to claim 2, characterized in that, The power supply subsystem (1) also includes a gas tank bracket (102), a shock-absorbing washer (103), a mechanical pressure gauge (104), an electromagnetic one-way check valve I (105), a safety pressure relief valve I (106), a lightning protection device (118), a protective shell (120), a gas outlet (122), and a power supply subsystem control circuit board. The high-pressure gas storage tank I (101) is fixed inside the protective shell (120) by the gas storage tank bracket (102), and the shock-absorbing washer (103) is installed between the gas storage tank bracket (102) and the high-pressure gas storage tank I (101). The mechanical pressure gauge (104) is installed at the interface of the high-pressure gas storage tank I (101) to monitor the pressure inside the tank; the electromagnetic one-way check valve I (105) is installed at the gas path node to prevent gas backflow; The safety relief valve I (106) is used to ensure that the pressure of the high-pressure gas storage tank I (101) does not exceed the standard; the lightning protection device (118) is connected to the power line to resist lightning surge; the power supply subsystem control circuit board integrates pressure regulation and motor drive modules to control the automatic operation of the power supply subsystem (1); The air outlet (122) is installed below the heat dissipation fins (121). One end of the air outlet (122) is connected to the high-pressure air storage tank I (101) through a high-strength flange. The other end of the air outlet (122) is connected to the primary defense subsystem (2) and the secondary defense subsystem (3) through a high-pressure delivery hose (119) to supply high-pressure air.

4. A dual-defense system for transmission line insulators according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first-level defense subsystem (2) includes a ring-shaped jet device body (201) and an electromagnetic one-way valve (205); the ring-shaped jet device body (201) has multiple nozzles to spray high-pressure gas to form an annular air curtain; the electromagnetic one-way valve (205) is connected in series to the air intake manifold of the ring-shaped jet device body (201), and the electromagnetic one-way valve (205) is electrically connected to the intelligent control subsystem (4). The electromagnetic one-way valve (205) is used to control the opening and closing of the air passage; The first-level defense subsystem (2) also includes a nozzle protection net (202), a waterproof coating protective shell (203), and a shock-absorbing pad (204); the nozzle protection net (202) is installed at the outlet of each nozzle to block debris from entering; the waterproof coating protective shell (203) covers the annular jet device body (201) to cope with the outdoor environment; the annular jet device body (201) is connected to the iron tower or mounting bracket through the shock-absorbing pad (204).

5. A dual-defense system for transmission line insulators according to claim 1, characterized in that, The secondary defense subsystem (3) includes a power junction box (301), an electronic pressure gauge II (302), a aiming indicator light (303), a high-precision radar sensor (304), an infrared thermal imager (305), a night vision device (306), an infrared aiming device (307), an airflow output pipe (308), a high-pressure gas storage tank II (309), a safety pressure relief valve II (310), an air inlet (311), a stepper motor I (312), a rotating bracket (313), a stepper motor II (314), a manual knob (317), a micro stepper motor (318), a rotating base (319), a turret base (320), a solenoid valve (323), a target tracking processor (327), an automatic calibration module (328), and a meteorological monitoring module (329). The turret base (320) is rigidly fixed by anchor bolts, and the rotating base (319) is mounted on the turret base (320) by bearings. The micro stepper motor (318) is connected to the drive gear set of the rotating base (319) to drive the rotating base (319) to achieve 360° horizontal rotation. The stepper motor I (312) and the stepper motor II (314) are connected to the rear trunnion of the airflow output pipe (308) through the rotating bracket (313) to form the pitch adjustment mechanism of the aiming drive component; the manual knob (317) is installed on the side of the turret base (320) for emergency manual adjustment of the aiming angle; The high-precision radar sensor (304), the infrared thermal imager (305), the night vision device (306), the infrared aiming device (307), and the target tracking processor (327) form a target detection component. The high-precision radar sensor (304), the infrared thermal imager (305), and the night vision device (306) are used to collaboratively detect rain and snow targets that break through the annular air curtain. The infrared aiming device (307) assists in aiming. The target tracking processor (327) processes sensor data and calculates aiming parameters. The high-pressure gas storage tank II (309) receives high-pressure gas from the power supply subsystem (1) through the air inlet (311). The safety pressure relief valve II (310) is installed on the side of the high-pressure gas storage tank II (309) to ensure that the pressure inside the tank does not exceed the standard. The electronic pressure gauge II (302) is installed at the interface of the high-pressure gas storage tank II (309) for real-time monitoring of the pressure inside the tank. The airflow output pipe (308) is a high-pressure airflow launching terminal. The tail of the airflow output pipe (308) is connected to the outlet of the high-pressure gas storage tank II (309) through a high-pressure metal hard pipe. The solenoid valve (323) is connected in series on the high-pressure metal hard pipe. The solenoid valve (323) is electrically connected to the intelligent control subsystem (4) and is used to control the launching timing and duration of the high-pressure airflow. The aiming indicator light (303) is installed next to the airflow output pipe (308) and is used to display the aiming ready status of the system; The power junction box (301) is installed on the high-pressure gas storage tank II (309) to provide a stable power supply for the secondary defense subsystem (3); The automatic calibration module (328) is used to calibrate the zero position of the aiming system in real time, and the meteorological monitoring module (329) is used to collect environmental parameters and provide a basis for aiming correction.

6. A dual-defense system for transmission line insulators according to claim 5, characterized in that, The secondary defense subsystem (3) also includes a shake-stabilizing bracket (315), a shock-absorbing pad (316), a piston (321), a spring (322), an electromagnetic one-way check valve II (325), a waterproof and dustproof sealing ring (324), and a circular shock-absorbing pad (326). The piston (321) is installed in the inner cavity of the high-pressure gas storage tank II (309), dividing the inner cavity into a front cavity connected to the gas output pipe (308) and a rear cavity for gas storage. The spring (322) is in a compressed state and is pressed between the piston (321) and the rear end cover of the high-pressure gas storage tank II (309). The piston (321) and the spring (322) together form the energy storage and release firing structure of the high-pressure gas storage tank II (309). The electromagnetic one-way check valve II (325) is connected in series on the high-pressure metal rigid pipe between the high-pressure gas storage tank II (309) and the gas flow output pipe (308). The electromagnetic one-way check valve II (325) is used to prevent high-pressure gas backflow during launch. The waterproof and dustproof sealing ring (324) is installed at the connection between the airflow output pipe (308) and the high-pressure metal hard pipe; the anti-shake stabilizing bracket (315) is connected between the stepper motor II (314) and the micro stepper motor (318); The shock-absorbing pad (316) is provided at the contact part between the anti-shake stabilizing bracket (315) and the stepper motor II (314), and the shock-absorbing pad (316) is also provided at the contact part between the stepper motor I (312) and the rotating bracket (313); The circular shock-absorbing pad (326) is installed between the bottom of the turret base (320) and the mounting platform to absorb the recoil impact after firing.

7. A dual-defense system for transmission line insulators according to claim 6, characterized in that, The intelligent control subsystem (4) includes a main control PLC unit (401), a multi-protocol communication gateway (402), an environmental sensor array (403), an HMI touch screen (404), a data storage and recorder (405), an intelligent power management module (406), an audible and visual alarm (407), and a remote monitoring interface (408). The environmental sensor array (403) works in conjunction with the meteorological monitoring module (329) of the secondary defense subsystem (3) to collect environmental temperature, humidity, wind speed, wind direction, air pressure and real-time image data of the transmission line corridor and the set point. The multi-protocol communication gateway (402) communicates with the environmental sensor array (403), the meteorological monitoring module (329) and the main control PLC unit (401) respectively, and transmits the collected environmental data to the main control PLC unit (401). The main control PLC unit (401) is electrically connected to the power supply subsystem control circuit board of the power supply subsystem (1), the electromagnetic check valve (205) of the first defense subsystem (2), the micro stepper motor (318), stepper motor I (312), stepper motor II (314), solenoid valve (323), target tracking processor (327), and automatic calibration module (328) of the second defense subsystem (3). The main control PLC unit (401) is used to analyze environmental data, assess the target threat level, and issue control commands to the corresponding subsystems. The HMI touch screen (404) and the remote monitoring interface (408) are electrically connected to the main control PLC unit (401). The HMI touch screen (404) is used to display the system operating status and send early warning information to the monitoring personnel. The remote monitoring interface (408) is used to transmit early warning information to the remote monitoring terminal and support remote operation. The data storage and recorder (405) is electrically connected to the main control PLC unit (401), and the data storage and recorder (405) is used to record system operation data and environmental data; The intelligent power management module (406) is used to allocate power supply to the corresponding subsystem; the audible and visual alarm (407) is electrically connected to the main control PLC unit (401), and the audible and visual alarm (407) is used to issue audible and visual warnings of icing risk in conjunction with the HMI touch screen (404).

8. A dual-defense system for transmission line insulators according to claim 1, characterized in that, The photovoltaic power supply system (5) includes a photovoltaic panel array (501), a solar controller (502), and a battery pack (503). The photovoltaic array (501) charges the battery pack (503) through the solar controller (502); the battery pack (503) supplies power to the corresponding subsystem through the solar controller (502); the photovoltaic power supply system (5) also includes a power supply monitoring module (504), which is used to monitor the power supply status.

9. A dual-defense method for transmission line insulators, applied to the dual-defense system for transmission line insulators as described in any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: The intelligent control subsystem (4) collects environmental data of the transmission line corridor in real time through the environmental sensor array (403), and the environmental data includes at least temperature, humidity, wind speed and wind direction; S2: The main control PLC unit (401) of the intelligent control subsystem (4) analyzes the environmental data. If it identifies that the icing warning conditions are met, it sends a warning message. If the high risk threshold of icing is reached, it instructs the power supply subsystem (1) to start the air compressor unit and pressurize the high pressure storage tank I (101) and high pressure storage tank II (309) to the predetermined pressure. S3: When rain or snowfall is detected, the intelligent control subsystem (4) instructs the electromagnetic check valve (205) of the first defense subsystem (2) to open, and the main body (201) of the annular jet device sprays out high-pressure gas to form an annular air curtain. S4: The secondary defense subsystem (3) monitors the rain and snow that break through the annular air curtain through the target detection component, the target tracking processor (327) calculates the aiming parameters, and the intelligent control subsystem (4) instructs the aiming drive component to adjust the angle of the airflow output pipe (308) and controls the solenoid valve (323) to open, and launch a high-speed airflow to clear the rain and snow; S5: During the defense process, the intelligent control subsystem (4) synchronously collects the surface parameters of the insulator until the preset defense cycle end conditions are met.

10. A dual-defense method for transmission line insulators according to claim 9, characterized in that, In step S2, the warning information is simultaneously sent to the monitoring personnel via the HMI touchscreen (404) and the remote monitoring interface (408); the main control PLC unit (401) determines whether the high-risk threshold for icing has been reached using a mathematical model formula, which is: ； In the formula, To account for the risk factor of icing, For ambient temperature, For ambient relative humidity, For ambient wind speed, , , These are the weighting coefficients for temperature, humidity, and wind speed, respectively. , , ,when When the threshold for high-risk icing is reached, To preset a high-risk threshold for icing; In step S4, the automatic calibration module (328) of the secondary defense subsystem (3) calibrates the zero position of the aiming system in real time, the meteorological monitoring module (329) provides environmental parameter correction, the main control PLC unit (401) sorts the rain and snow targets according to their threat levels and prioritizes the clearing operation of high-threat targets, and the target tracking processor (327) calculates the aiming angle parameters through a mathematical model formula, the aiming angle calculation formula being: ； In the formula, The pitch aiming angle for the airflow output pipe. For the target height, The height of the airflow outlet pipe. The target horizontal distance, This is the wind speed correction factor.

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