Method for cultivating morchella in cold shed

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of edible mushroom planting, and particularly relates to a cultivation method for morchella in a cold shed. According to the method, the rice straw is uniformly scattered into the field after being pretreated, and the soil conditioner is applied, so that the content of organic matters in soil can be remarkably increased, the physical structure of the soil can be improved, a soil environment more suitable for growth of morchella can be created, and growth and development of hyphae can be promoted. Bacillus altitudinis and cochlea stickii in the microbial agent can significantly promote the growth speed and biomass accumulation of morchella hyphae, help morchella to better adapt to the environment, and improve the utilization efficiency of the morchella to the substrate. The illumination management mode can effectively stimulate the formation of morchella primordium and the growth of sporocarp, improve the quality of morchella, and make the morchella uniform in color and good in shape.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of edible fungi cultivation technology, specifically relating to a method for cultivating morel mushrooms in a cold greenhouse. Background Technology

[0002] Morel mushrooms, as a high-value edible fungus, are experiencing increasing market demand due to their unique taste and rich nutritional value. However, morel cultivation techniques have consistently faced numerous challenges. Traditional morel cultivation relies primarily on natural environments or simple facilities, such as open-field planting and small greenhouse cultivation. In recent years, with the development of agricultural technology, cold-frame cultivation techniques have gradually been applied to morel cultivation, but existing technologies still have many shortcomings. For example, cold-frame cultivation is greatly affected by seasons and climate; fluctuations in temperature and humidity, accompanied by low winter temperatures and high summer temperatures, may hinder mycelial growth or cause unstable fruiting, limiting morel growth. Furthermore, morel mushrooms have high requirements for soil microecology, and current research on soil improvement and microecological regulation is insufficient. Pesticide residues and heavy metals in the soil may affect the quality of morel mushrooms. Moreover, in cold-frame cultivation, fruiting is significantly affected by environmental factors, and current techniques struggle to guarantee the stability and consistency of fruiting. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for cultivating morel mushrooms in a cold greenhouse. By planting rice, the soil structure and microbial community are improved, the problem of continuous cropping obstacles for morel mushrooms is solved, the growth of morel mushrooms is promoted, the recycling of resources is realized, the land is used efficiently, the cultivation cost is reduced, and the economic benefits are improved.

[0004] This invention provides a method for cultivating morel mushrooms in a cold greenhouse, the method comprising the following steps: Every year from August to September, cultivation trials of morel mushroom spawn are conducted to screen out superior strains and ensure successful mushroom production. Every year from October to November, after the previous crop is harvested, pre-treated straw is evenly spread into the field, and soil conditioners are applied to adjust the soil pH to 6.8-7.8, thus preparing the land for morel mushroom cultivation. Demountable greenhouses are then constructed on these fields. The superior spawn selected from the cultivation trials is activated and then thoroughly mixed with a microbial inoculant at a volume ratio of 100:1-2 to obtain pre-treated morel mushroom spawn. The microbial inoculant includes *Bacillus hygroscopicus* (…). Bacillus height ) and Adhesive Arrow ( Adherent Rhizobium (1) Sow pretreated morel spawn and place it in nutrient bags for cultivation; replenish the nutrient bags 10-15 days after sowing; induce fruiting, and harvest the morel mushrooms after they have emerged.

[0005] Preferably, the cultivation experiment includes the following steps: randomly sampling each batch of strains and culturing them in an environment with a humidity of 80%~90% and a temperature of 15~20℃; 10~15 days after sowing, if the mycelium cannot form sclerotia and mycelial bloom, it indicates that the strain has undesirable genetic variation, and such strains are eliminated; otherwise, they are retained.

[0006] Preferably, the preceding crop is corn or rice; the straw includes corn straw and / or rice straw; the length of the pretreated straw is ≤5cm, and the dosage is 1000~1500 kg per mu; the method for preparing the pretreated straw is as follows: chop the rice straw, add Penicillium oxalate (… Penicillium oxalicum ) and safflower ( Yellow-bellied sp. The mixed microbial agent is fermented at 28℃~35℃ for 3~5 days; the effective viable count in the mixed microbial agent is 1×10⁻⁶. 8 ~1×10 10 CFU / mL; the effective viable count ratio of Penicillium oxalate and Gynostemma pentaphyllum in the mixed microbial agent is 1:1 to 2:3; 0.1 to 0.5 g of mixed microbial agent is used per kg of rice straw.

[0007] Preferably, the soil conditions for the morel mushroom cultivation field are: pH > 6.5, porosity > 33%, organic matter content > 3%, and available potassium content ≥ 100 mg / kg; the amount of soil conditioner used is 30-50 kg / mu; the soil conditioner includes lime and biochar; the mass ratio of lime to biochar is 3-5:4-6; the land preparation includes: plowing, ditching, sun exposure for 5-7 days, followed by soaking in clean water for 2-3 days, and removal of excess irrigation water after soaking; the greenhouse includes a detachable and assembleable steel frame greenhouse, and small arched sheds built on the raised beds under the steel frame greenhouse; the top of the steel frame greenhouse is equipped with a shade net; it adopts a north-south orientation, with a greenhouse width of 6-8m and a height of 1.8-2m, and is equipped with ventilation openings and insect-proof nets, and a misting sprinkler system is installed; plastic film is covered on the steel frame greenhouse, the small arched sheds, and the raised beds under the steel frame greenhouse.

[0008] Preferably, the viable count in the microbial agent is ≥2~5×10⁻⁶. 11 / g; the ratio of viable bacteria of *Amygdalocid* and *Bacillus hygroscopicus* is 1:10~100; when sowing the pretreated morel spawn, the row spacing is 20~35cm and the plant spacing is 15~30cm; the sowing amount of the pretreated morel spawn is 175~225kg / mu.

[0009] Preferably, after sowing, the soil is covered with 3-5cm of fine soil before placing the nutrient bag; after placing the nutrient bag, a shading film is covered and perforated for ventilation, and the shading film is removed after the mushroom growth period is over; when covering the shading film and perforating for ventilation, the hole diameter is 1.5-2cm and the hole spacing is 20-25cm.

[0010] Preferably, the supplementary nutrient bag further includes: removing the nutrient bag after 28-32 days of supplementation; the nutrient bag is composed of 60wt% wheat, 25wt% cottonseed hulls, 10wt% humus, 3wt% lime and 2wt% potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

[0011] Preferably, the induction of fruiting is carried out 2 months after sowing, and the induction of fruiting includes: maintaining a low temperature stimulation of 0℃~4℃ for 7~10 days; after the low temperature stimulation ends, removing the shading film and controlling the day-night temperature difference to be >10℃; after fruiting, adjusting the day-night temperature difference to 8℃~10℃.

[0012] Preferably, the shading rate of the shade net is 70%~80%; and the atomized water droplet size of the atomizing spray device is <5mm.

[0013] Preferably, the cultivation conditions are: soil moisture of 30%~35%, air humidity of 80%~90%, and ground temperature of 10℃~20℃; initially, the light exposure is 5~8 hours per day, with diffused light provided and a light intensity of 500~1500 Lux; after fruiting, the daily light exposure time is extended to 10~12 hours.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are: This invention, by pre-treating straw and evenly spreading it in the field, combined with the application of soil conditioners (lime, biochar, and microbial inoculants), can significantly increase soil organic matter content, improve soil physical structure, and enhance soil water retention and aeration. This improvement helps create a more suitable soil environment for morel mushroom growth, promoting mycelial growth and development. The *Bacillus hygroscopicus* and *Agromycetes* in the microbial inoculants can significantly promote the growth rate and biomass accumulation of morel mushroom mycelia, helping morels better adapt to the environment, decompose organic matter in the soil, release nutrients, inhibit the growth of harmful microorganisms, optimize the soil microbial community structure, further improve soil fertility and health, and increase the efficiency of morels in utilizing the substrate and soil.

[0015] This invention employs a detachable "one net, two sheds, three films" facility design and construction. The "one net, two sheds, three films" facility greenhouse consists of: "one net," a shade net used on the top of the steel-framed greenhouse; "two sheds," the sturdy, detachable steel-framed greenhouse and the small arched sheds built on the raised beds beneath it; and "three films," plastic films covering the steel-framed greenhouse, the small arched sheds, and the raised beds respectively. This design ensures the appropriate temperature for morel mycelial growth, reserving sufficient nutrients for high yields; it also prevents crop failure or yield reduction due to high temperatures and strong winds during the young morel mushroom growth period, improving the morel's ability to withstand drastic weather changes and effectively guaranteeing high and stable morel yields.

[0016] Straw may contain contaminating bacteria, and its direct application in the field results in a low conversion rate. This invention utilizes Penicillium oxalate (… Penicillium oxalicum ) and safflower ( Luteimonas sp. The mixed microbial agent is used to pretreat rice straw. On the one hand, the combination of these two microorganisms can rapidly degrade the straw and promote its transformation in the field. On the other hand, Penicillium oxalate can also firmly adhere to the surface of the straw, inhibiting the growth of other miscellaneous bacteria. After the straw pretreated with Penicillium oxalate and Gynostemma pentaphyllum is spread into the field, these two microorganisms can continue to work in the soil, improve the soil, and provide a good growth environment for morel mushrooms.

[0017] The cold greenhouse design in this invention effectively regulates the temperature, humidity, and light conditions inside, providing a stable environment for morel mushroom growth. The drip-free greenhouse film and shade netting prevent rainwater from directly eroding the soil, reducing soil nutrient loss, while simultaneously lowering the temperature inside the greenhouse to avoid the adverse effects of high temperatures on morel mushroom growth.

[0018] Proper sowing and nutrient bag configuration can provide morel mushrooms with sufficient nutrition, promote rapid mycelial growth and primordia formation, and thus increase morel mushroom yield.

[0019] The light management method of the present invention can effectively stimulate the formation of morel primordia and the growth of fruiting bodies, improve the quality of morels, and make them uniform in color and good in shape.

[0020] This invention disinfects the soil before cultivation by using methods such as sun exposure, flooding, burning, and lime application to reduce the initial amount of pathogens and insect eggs in the soil; it also adjusts the soil pH to make it more suitable for morel mushroom growth. By combining soil treatment, environmental condition control, and physical or chemical control, this invention forms a comprehensive pest and disease control system for morel mushrooms, further providing favorable growth conditions for them.

[0021] Rice straw is pulped and evenly spread in the fields, achieving resource utilization of straw, reducing environmental pollution caused by straw burning, and lowering production costs. This method fully utilizes local agricultural waste, improves resource utilization efficiency, and increases farmers' income. Morel mushrooms are a high-value edible fungus with high economic value and market demand. The method provided by this invention can improve the yield and quality of morel mushrooms, further increasing farmers' economic benefits and promoting the sustainable development of the agricultural industry.

[0022] Continuous cropping obstacles are one of the key factors affecting the high and stable yield of morel mushrooms. This invention utilizes rice-morel mushroom and corn-morel mushroom rotation, directly constructing greenhouses on the land after the previous crop is harvested. Combined with soil application of lime, tilling, sun exposure, and water soaking, the effects of continuous cropping obstacles can be effectively eliminated or reduced. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To further illustrate the present invention, the following detailed description of a cold-frame morel cultivation method provided by the present invention is provided in conjunction with embodiments, but these descriptions should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] In this embodiment of the invention, *Penicillium oxalate* SF1 was purchased from the China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC), with accession number CCTCC NO:M 2016489; *Gynostemma pentaphyllum* was purchased from Beijing Kezhan Biotechnology Co., Ltd., with product number C10471; *Bacillus hygroscopicus* was purchased from Ningbo Mingzhou Biotechnology Co., Ltd., with catalog number B94629; and *Argasella fasciatus* was purchased from the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC), with accession number CGMCC No.29052.

[0025] The morel mushroom cultivation fields selected in the embodiments of the present invention are selected from different experimental fields in the same region. The morel mushroom cultivation fields of Comparative Examples 1 to 5 and Example 1 are selected from different plots of the same experimental field.

[0026] Example 1 The experiment was conducted using sandy loam soil with good air permeability and strong water retention capacity, selected from the alluvial soil of the riverbed in the mountainous river valley. The soil used in this example had a pH of 6.8, a porosity of 40%, an organic matter content of 3.3%, and a available potassium content of 102.5 mg / kg.

[0027] In September 2023, a cultivation experiment was conducted on morel spawn, which was cultured and stored at a low temperature of 15-20℃. Random samples from each batch of spawn were cultured at 80%-90% humidity and 15-20℃. Fifteen days after inoculation, if the mycelium failed to form sclerotia and mycelial bloom, it indicated undesirable genetic variation in the spawn, and such spawns were discarded; otherwise, they were retained, and superior spawns were selected.

[0028] In October 2023, after rice harvesting, rice straw was chopped into 3-5cm pieces and mixed with a microbial agent containing Penicillium oxalate SF1 and Luteinella vulgaris in a 1:1 ratio of viable bacteria. 0.2g of the mixed agent was added per kg of rice straw, and the effective viable bacteria count in the mixed agent was 1×10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / mL, fermented at 28℃ for 5 days, then evenly spread in the field, using 1200 kg per acre.

[0029] Mix lime and biochar in a mass ratio of 5:4, spread them in the field to maintain the soil pH at 7.2, plow and harrow, make furrows, expose to the sun for 7 days, then irrigate with clean water for 2 days, and then allow the water to seep naturally into the ground.

[0030] After the treatment is completed, a detachable steel-framed greenhouse is built on the paddy field. It is laid out in a north-south direction, with a width of 6.5m and a height of 2.5m. It is covered with a drip-free greenhouse film and a shade net. Ventilation openings and insect-proof nets are set up, and a misting sprinkler system is installed. Small arched sheds are built on the ridges under the steel-framed greenhouses. Plastic film is covered on the steel-framed greenhouses, the small arched sheds, and the ridges.

[0031] Bacillus hygroscopicus and Curculigo orbiculatus were mixed at a viable count ratio of 1:10 to obtain a microbial inoculum, with a final viable count of 3 × 10⁻⁶. 11 The superior bacterial strains were activated, and then the activated morel strains were thoroughly mixed with microbial agents at a volume ratio of 100:1 to obtain pretreated morel strains.

[0032] Pretreated morel spawn was sown in furrows 30cm apart in the greenhouse, with a plant spacing of 20cm. The sowing rate was 180kg / mu. After sowing, the spawn was covered with 3cm of fine soil and nutrient bags were placed inside. The components of the nutrient bags were: wheat 60wt%, cottonseed hulls 25wt%, humus 10wt%, lime 3wt%, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2wt%. A black plastic film was used as a mulch, with holes 2cm in diameter and 25cm apart for ventilation. Twelve days after sowing, a white "frost" appeared on the soil covering. The film was then removed, and nutrient bags were added. A slit was made on the side of each nutrient bag, and the slit was placed against the "frost" on the soil surface, allowing direct contact between the nutrients in the nutrient bag and the morel mycelium in the soil. The morel mycelium entered the nutrient bags and absorbed the nutrients. About 30 days after adding the nutrient bags, the mycelium had completely colonized the exogenous nutrient bags, and the culture medium inside the bags became shriveled. The nutrient bags were then removed.

[0033] Two months after sowing, mushroom cultivation begins. During the initial cultivation period, maintain a low temperature of below 4℃ for 8 consecutive days. Once the soil temperature rises to 6℃, remove the black plastic film and cover the greenhouse with the plastic film, controlling the diurnal temperature difference to be greater than 10℃. Provide 6 hours of light daily, using diffused light at an intensity of 800 Lux, ensuring the diffused light reaches the soil surface to stimulate mycelial differentiation and primordia formation. After fruiting, avoid direct sunlight on primordia or young fruiting bodies to prevent primordia death or deformed mushrooms. Take measures to keep warm, moisturize, and protect from wind, avoiding excessive diurnal temperature differences to prevent primordia death. Adjust the diurnal temperature difference to 8℃~10℃ and extend the daily light duration to 10 hours. Maintain a soil moisture content of 70%, an air humidity of 85%, and a soil temperature of 18℃ throughout the process. Use a misting system with a water droplet size of 3~5mm.

[0034] During cultivation, a stable and suitable growth environment is established for the morel mushrooms. Temperature, humidity, CO2, and light levels inside the greenhouse are monitored 24 / 7 via the internet to avoid excessive heat and humidity. Diseased fruiting bodies are removed promptly to prevent their spread. Yellow sticky traps or black light lamps are used to trap and kill adult mushroom flies and mosquitoes, while traps are used to kill fleas. Insect nets are installed around the greenhouse and at ventilation openings to prevent pests from gathering. The mushroom shed and its surrounding area are kept clean, weeds are removed, and agricultural waste is disposed of.

[0035] Harvest morel mushrooms promptly after they have fruited, remove any remaining mushrooms, and keep the soil surface clean.

[0036] Example 2 The experiment was conducted using sandy loam soil with good air permeability and strong water retention capacity, selected from the alluvial soil of the riverbed in the mountainous river valley. The soil used in this example had a pH of 6.5, a porosity of 42%, an organic matter content of 3.7%, and a available potassium content of 101.2 mg / kg.

[0037] In September 2023, a cultivation experiment was conducted on morel spawn, which was cultured and stored at a low temperature of 15-20℃. Random samples from each batch of spawn were cultured at 80%-90% humidity and 15-20℃. Fifteen days after inoculation, if the mycelium failed to form sclerotia and mycelial bloom, it indicated undesirable genetic variation in the spawn, and such spawns were discarded; otherwise, they were retained, and superior spawns were selected.

[0038] In October 2023, after rice harvesting, rice straw was chopped into 3-5cm pieces and mixed with a microbial agent containing Penicillium oxalate SF1 and *Gynostemma pentaphyllum* at a viable count ratio of 2:3. 0.2g of the mixed agent was added per kg of rice straw, and the effective viable count in the mixed agent was 1×10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / mL, fermented at 28℃ for 5 days, then evenly spread in the field, using 1200 kg per acre.

[0039] Then, mix lime, biochar, and microbial inoculant in a mass ratio of 3:4, spread it in the field to maintain the soil pH at 6.8, plow and harrow, prepare ridges and ditches, expose to the sun for 7 days, then irrigate with clean water for 3 days, and finally drain excess irrigation water.

[0040] After the treatment is completed, a detachable steel-framed greenhouse is built on the paddy field. It is laid out in a north-south direction, with a width of 6.5m and a height of 2.5m. It is covered with a drip-free greenhouse film and a shade net. Ventilation openings and insect-proof nets are set up, and a misting sprinkler system is installed. Small arched sheds are built on the ridges under the steel-framed greenhouses. Plastic film is covered on the steel-framed greenhouses, the small arched sheds, and the ridges.

[0041] Bacillus hygroscopicus and Curculigo orbiculatus were mixed at a viable count ratio of 1:10 to obtain a microbial inoculum, with a final viable count of 3 × 10⁻⁶. 11 The superior bacterial strains were activated, and then the activated morel strains were thoroughly mixed with microbial agents at a volume ratio of 10:1 to obtain pretreated morel strains.

[0042] In a cold greenhouse, pretreated morel spawn was sown in furrows with a row spacing of 30cm and a plant spacing of 20cm, at a sowing rate of 200kg / mu. After sowing, the spawn was covered with a 3cm layer of fine soil and nutrient bags were placed inside. The components of the nutrient bags were: wheat 60wt%, cottonseed hulls 25wt%, humus 10wt%, lime 3wt%, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2wt%. A black plastic film was used as a mulch, with holes punched 2cm in diameter and spaced 25cm apart for ventilation. Fourteen days after sowing, a white "frost" appeared on the soil covering. The film was then removed, and nutrient bags were added. A slit was made on the side of each nutrient bag, and the slit was placed against the "frost" on the soil surface, allowing direct contact between the nutrients in the nutrient bag and the morel mycelium in the soil. The morel mycelium entered the nutrient bags and absorbed the nutrients. Approximately 30 days after adding the nutrient bags, the mycelium had completely colonized the external nutrient bags, and the culture medium inside the bags became shriveled. The nutrient bags were then removed.

[0043] Two months after sowing, mushroom cultivation begins. During the initial cultivation phase, maintain a low temperature of below 4℃ for 10 consecutive days. Once the soil temperature rises to 8℃, remove the black plastic film and cover the greenhouse with the plastic film, controlling the day-night temperature difference to be greater than 10℃. Provide 6 hours of light daily, using diffused light at an intensity of 800 Lux, ensuring the diffused light reaches the soil surface to stimulate mycelial differentiation and primordia formation. After fruiting, avoid direct sunlight on primordia or young fruiting bodies to prevent primordia death or deformed mushrooms. Take measures to keep warm, moisturize, and protect from wind, avoiding excessive day-night temperature differences to prevent primordia death. Adjust the day-night temperature difference to 8℃~10℃ and extend the daily light duration to 10 hours. Maintain a soil moisture content of 70%, an air humidity of 85%, and a soil temperature of 18℃ throughout the process. Use a misting system with a water droplet size of 3~5mm.

[0044] Harvest morel mushrooms promptly after they have fruited, remove any remaining mushrooms, and keep the soil surface clean.

[0045] Example 3 The experiment was conducted using sandy loam soil with good air permeability and water retention capacity, selected from the alluvial soil of the riverbed in the mountainous river valley. The soil used in this example had a pH of 7.0, a porosity of 40%, an organic matter content of 3.5%, and a available potassium content of 105.8 mg / kg.

[0046] In September 2023, a cultivation experiment was conducted on morel spawn, which was cultured and stored at a low temperature of 15-20℃. Random samples from each batch of spawn were cultured at 80%-90% humidity and 15-20℃. Fifteen days after inoculation, if the mycelium failed to form sclerotia and mycelial bloom, it indicated undesirable genetic variation in the spawn, and such spawns were discarded; otherwise, they were retained, and superior spawns were selected.

[0047] In October 2023, after rice harvesting, rice straw was chopped into 3-5cm pieces and mixed with a microbial agent containing Penicillium oxalate SF1 and Luteinella vulgaris in a 1:1 ratio of viable bacteria. 0.2g of the mixed agent was added per kg of rice straw, and the effective viable bacteria count in the mixed agent was 1×10⁻⁶. 10 CFU / mL, ferment at 30℃ for 3 days, then spread evenly in the field, using 1200 kg per acre.

[0048] Then, mix lime, biochar, and microbial inoculant in a mass ratio of 4:5, spread it in the field to maintain the soil pH at 7.2, plow and harrow, prepare ridges and ditches, expose to the sun for 7 days, then irrigate with clean water for 2 days, and then allow the water to seep naturally into the ground.

[0049] After the treatment is completed, a detachable steel-framed greenhouse is built on the paddy field. It is laid out in a north-south direction, with a width of 6.5m and a height of 2.5m. It is covered with a drip-free greenhouse film and a shade net. Ventilation openings and insect-proof nets are set up, and a misting sprinkler system is installed. Small arched sheds are built on the ridges under the steel-framed greenhouses. Plastic film is covered on the steel-framed greenhouses, the small arched sheds, and the ridges.

[0050] Bacillus hygroscopicus and Curculigo orbiculatus were mixed at a viable count ratio of 1:10 to obtain a microbial inoculum, with a final viable count of 3 × 10⁻⁶. 11 The superior bacterial strains were activated, and then the activated morel strains were thoroughly mixed with microbial agents at a volume ratio of 100:2 to obtain pretreated morel strains.

[0051] Morel mushrooms were sown in furrows with a row spacing of 30cm and a plant spacing of 20cm in a cold greenhouse, at a sowing rate of 225kg / mu. After sowing, the soil was covered with a 3cm layer of fine soil, and nutrient bags were placed inside. The components of the nutrient bags were: wheat 60wt%, cottonseed hulls 25wt%, humus 10wt%, lime 3wt%, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2wt%. A black plastic film was used as a mulch, with holes punched 2cm in diameter and spaced 25cm apart for ventilation. Thirteen days after sowing, a white "frost" appeared on the soil covering. The film was then removed, and nutrient bags were added. A slit was made on the side of each nutrient bag, and the slit was placed against the "frost" on the soil surface, allowing direct contact between the nutrients in the nutrient bag and the morel mycelium in the soil. The morel mycelium entered the nutrient bags and absorbed the nutrients. About 30 days after adding the nutrient bags, the mycelium had completely colonized the external nutrient bags, and the culture medium inside became shriveled. The nutrient bags were then removed.

[0052] Two months after sowing, mushroom cultivation begins. During the initial cultivation period, maintain a low temperature of below 4℃ for 8 consecutive days. Once the soil temperature rises to 6℃, remove the black plastic film and cover the greenhouse with the plastic film, controlling the day-night temperature difference to be greater than 10℃. Provide 8 hours of light daily, using diffused light at an intensity of 600 Lux, ensuring the diffused light reaches the soil surface to stimulate mycelial differentiation and primordia formation. After fruiting, avoid direct sunlight on primordia or young fruiting bodies to prevent primordia death or deformed mushrooms. Take measures to keep warm, moisturize, and protect from wind, avoiding excessive day-night temperature differences to prevent primordia death. Adjust the day-night temperature difference to 8℃~10℃ and extend the daily light duration to 12 hours. Maintain a soil moisture content of 70%, an air humidity of 85%, and a soil temperature of 18℃ throughout the process. Use a misting system with a water droplet size of 3~5mm.

[0053] Harvest morel mushrooms promptly after they have fruited, remove any remaining mushrooms, and keep the soil surface clean.

[0054] Comparative Example 1 The difference from Example 1 is that the straw is not pretreated.

[0055] The experiment was conducted using sandy loam soil with good air permeability and strong water retention capacity, selected from the alluvial soil of the riverbed in the mountainous river valley. The soil used in this example had a pH of 6.8, a porosity of 40%, an organic matter content of 3.7%, and a available potassium content of 102.8 mg / kg.

[0056] In September 2023, a cultivation experiment was conducted on morel spawn, which was cultured and stored at a low temperature of 15-20℃. Random samples from each batch of spawn were cultured at 80%-90% humidity and 15-20℃. Fifteen days after inoculation, if the mycelium failed to form sclerotia and mycelial bloom, it indicated undesirable genetic variation in the spawn, and such spawns were discarded; otherwise, they were retained, and superior spawns were selected.

[0057] In October 2023, after the rice harvest, the rice straw was cut into 3-5cm pieces, pulped, and evenly spread in the field, using 1200 kg per mu.

[0058] Mix lime and biochar at a mass ratio of 5:4, spread them in the field to maintain the soil pH at 7.2, plow and harrow, prepare ridges and ditches, expose to the sun for 7 days, then irrigate with clean water for 2 days, and then allow the water to seep naturally into the ground.

[0059] After the treatment is completed, a detachable steel-framed greenhouse is built on the paddy field. It is laid out in a north-south direction, with a width of 6.5m and a height of 2.5m. It is covered with a drip-free greenhouse film and a shade net. Ventilation openings and insect-proof nets are set up, and a misting sprinkler system is installed. Small arched sheds are built on the ridges under the steel-framed greenhouses. Plastic film is covered on the steel-framed greenhouses, the small arched sheds, and the ridges.

[0060] Bacillus hygroscopicus and Curculigo orbiculatus were mixed at a viable count ratio of 1:10 to obtain a microbial inoculum, with a final viable count of 3 × 10⁻⁶. 11 The superior bacterial strains were activated, and then the activated morel strains were thoroughly mixed with microbial agents at a volume ratio of 100:1 to obtain pretreated morel strains.

[0061] Pretreated morel spawn was sown in furrows 30cm apart in the greenhouse, with a plant spacing of 20cm. The sowing rate was 180kg / mu. After sowing, the spawn was covered with 3cm of fine soil and nutrient bags were placed inside. The components of the nutrient bags were: wheat 60wt%, cottonseed hulls 25wt%, humus 10wt%, lime 3wt%, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2wt%. A black plastic film was used as a mulch, with holes 2cm in diameter and 25cm apart for ventilation. Twelve days after sowing, a white "frost" appeared on the soil covering. The film was then removed, and nutrient bags were added. A slit was made on the side of each nutrient bag, and the slit was placed against the "frost" on the soil surface, allowing direct contact between the nutrients in the nutrient bag and the morel mycelium in the soil. The morel mycelium entered the nutrient bags and absorbed the nutrients. About 30 days after adding the nutrient bags, the mycelium had completely colonized the exogenous nutrient bags, and the culture medium inside the bags became shriveled. The nutrient bags were then removed.

[0062] Two months after sowing, mushroom cultivation begins. During the initial cultivation period, maintain a low temperature of below 4℃ for 8 consecutive days. Once the soil temperature rises to 6℃, remove the black plastic film and cover the greenhouse with the plastic film, controlling the diurnal temperature difference to be greater than 10℃. Provide 6 hours of light daily, using diffused light at an intensity of 800 Lux, ensuring the diffused light reaches the soil surface to stimulate mycelial differentiation and primordia formation. After fruiting, avoid direct sunlight on primordia or young fruiting bodies to prevent primordia death or deformed mushrooms. Take measures to keep warm, moisturize, and protect from wind, avoiding excessive diurnal temperature differences to prevent primordia death. Adjust the diurnal temperature difference to 8℃~10℃ and extend the daily light duration to 10 hours. Maintain a soil moisture content of 70%, an air humidity of 85%, and a soil temperature of 18℃ throughout the process. Use a misting system with a water droplet size of 3~5mm.

[0063] During cultivation, a stable and suitable growth environment is established for the morel mushrooms. Temperature, humidity, CO2, and light levels inside the greenhouse are monitored 24 / 7 via the internet to avoid excessive heat and humidity. Diseased fruiting bodies are removed promptly to prevent their spread. Yellow sticky traps or black light lamps are used to trap and kill adult mushroom flies and mosquitoes, while traps are used to kill fleas. Insect nets are installed around the greenhouse and at ventilation openings to prevent pests from gathering. The mushroom shed and its surrounding area are kept clean, weeds are removed, and agricultural waste is disposed of.

[0064] Harvest morel mushrooms promptly after they have fruited, remove any remaining mushrooms, and keep the soil surface clean.

[0065] Comparative Example 2 The difference from Example 1 is that only Bacillus hygroscopicus pretreated strains were used.

[0066] The experiment was conducted using sandy loam soil with good air permeability and strong water retention capacity, selected from the alluvial soil of the riverbed in the mountainous river valley. The soil used in this example had a pH of 6.9, a porosity of 40%, an organic matter content of 3.5%, and a available potassium content of 102.0 mg / kg.

[0067] In September 2023, a cultivation experiment was conducted on morel spawn, which was cultured and stored at a low temperature of 15-20℃. Random samples from each batch of spawn were cultured at 80%-90% humidity and 15-20℃. Fifteen days after inoculation, if the mycelium failed to form sclerotia and mycelial bloom, it indicated undesirable genetic variation in the spawn, and such spawns were discarded; otherwise, they were retained, and superior spawns were selected.

[0068] In October 2023, after rice harvesting, rice straw was chopped into 3-5cm pieces and mixed with a microbial agent containing Penicillium oxalate SF1 and *Gynostemma pentaphyllum* at a viable count ratio of 2:3. 0.2g of the mixed agent was added per kg of rice straw, and the effective viable count in the mixed agent was 1×10⁻⁶. 8CFU / mL, fermented at 28℃ for 5 days, then evenly spread in the field, using 1200 kg per acre.

[0069] Mix lime and biochar at a mass ratio of 5:4, spread them in the field to maintain the soil pH at 7.2, plow and harrow, prepare ridges and ditches, expose to the sun for 7 days, then irrigate with clean water for 2 days, and then allow the water to seep naturally into the ground.

[0070] After the treatment is completed, a detachable steel-framed greenhouse is built on the paddy field. It is laid out in a north-south direction, with a width of 6.5m and a height of 2.5m. It is covered with a drip-free greenhouse film and a shade net. Ventilation openings and insect-proof nets are set up, and a misting sprinkler system is installed. Small arched sheds are built on the ridges under the steel-framed greenhouses. Plastic film is covered on the steel-framed greenhouses, the small arched sheds, and the ridges.

[0071] The superior bacterial strain was activated, and then the activated morel mushroom strain was thoroughly mixed with Bacillus hygroscopicus inoculum at a volume ratio of 100:1 (the viable count of Bacillus hygroscopicus inoculum was 3 × 10⁻⁶). 11 (each 1000 cells / g) to obtain pretreated morel mushroom strains.

[0072] Morel mushrooms were sown in furrows with a row spacing of 30cm and a plant spacing of 20cm in a cold greenhouse, at a sowing rate of 180kg / mu. After sowing, the soil was covered with a 3cm layer of fine soil, and nutrient bags were placed inside. The components of the nutrient bags were: wheat 60wt%, cottonseed hulls 25wt%, humus 10wt%, lime 3wt%, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2wt%. A black plastic film was used as a mulch, with holes punched 2cm in diameter and spaced 25cm apart for ventilation. Twelve days after sowing, a white "frost" appeared on the soil covering. The film was then removed, and nutrient bags were added. A slit was made on the side of each nutrient bag, and the slit was placed against the "frost" on the soil surface, allowing direct contact between the nutrients in the nutrient bag and the morel mycelium in the soil. The morel mycelium entered the nutrient bags and absorbed the nutrients. About 30 days after adding the nutrient bags, the mycelium had completely colonized the external nutrient bags, and the culture medium inside became shriveled. The nutrient bags were then removed.

[0073] Two months after sowing, mushroom cultivation begins. During the initial cultivation period, maintain a low temperature of below 4℃ for 8 consecutive days. Once the soil temperature rises to 6℃, remove the black plastic film and cover the greenhouse with the plastic film, controlling the diurnal temperature difference to be greater than 10℃. Provide 6 hours of light daily, using diffused light at an intensity of 800 Lux, ensuring the diffused light reaches the soil surface to stimulate mycelial differentiation and primordia formation. After fruiting, avoid direct sunlight on primordia or young fruiting bodies to prevent primordia death or deformed mushrooms. Take measures to keep warm, moisturize, and protect from wind, avoiding excessive diurnal temperature differences to prevent primordia death. Adjust the diurnal temperature difference to 8℃~10℃ and extend the daily light duration to 10 hours. Maintain a soil moisture content of 70%, an air humidity of 85%, and a soil temperature of 18℃ throughout the process. Use a misting system with a water droplet size of 3~5mm.

[0074] During cultivation, a stable and suitable growth environment is established for the morel mushrooms. Temperature, humidity, CO2, and light levels inside the greenhouse are monitored 24 / 7 via the internet to avoid excessive heat and humidity. Diseased fruiting bodies are removed promptly to prevent their spread. Yellow sticky traps or black light lamps are used to trap and kill adult mushroom flies and mosquitoes, while traps are used to kill fleas. Insect nets are installed around the greenhouse and at ventilation openings to prevent pests from gathering. The mushroom shed and its surrounding area are kept clean, weeds are removed, and agricultural waste is disposed of.

[0075] Harvest morel mushrooms promptly after they have fruited, remove any remaining mushrooms, and keep the soil surface clean.

[0076] Comparative Example 3 The difference from Example 1 is that only the *Agaricus fasciatus* pretreated strain is used.

[0077] The experiment was conducted using sandy loam soil with good air permeability and strong water retention capacity, selected from the alluvial soil of the riverbed in the mountainous river valley. The soil used in this example had a pH of 6.8, a porosity of 41%, an organic matter content of 3.3%, and a available potassium content of 102.8 mg / kg.

[0078] In September 2023, a cultivation experiment was conducted on morel spawn, which was cultured and stored at a low temperature of 15-20℃. Random samples from each batch of spawn were cultured at 80%-90% humidity and 15-20℃. Fifteen days after inoculation, if the mycelium failed to form sclerotia and mycelial bloom, it indicated undesirable genetic variation in the spawn, and such spawns were discarded; otherwise, they were retained, and superior spawns were selected.

[0079] In October 2023, after rice harvesting, rice straw was chopped into 3-5cm pieces and mixed with a microbial agent containing Penicillium oxalate SF1 and *Gynostemma pentaphyllum* at a viable count ratio of 2:3. 0.2g of the mixed agent was added per kg of rice straw, and the effective viable count in the mixed agent was 1×10⁻⁶. 8CFU / mL, fermented at 28℃ for 5 days, then evenly spread in the field, using 1200 kg per acre.

[0080] Mix lime and biochar in a mass ratio of 5:4, spread them in the field to maintain the soil pH at 7.2, plow and harrow, make furrows, expose to the sun for 7 days, then irrigate with clean water for 2 days, and then allow the water to seep naturally into the ground.

[0081] After the treatment is completed, a detachable steel-framed greenhouse is built on the paddy field. It is laid out in a north-south direction, with a width of 6.5m and a height of 2.5m. It is covered with a drip-free greenhouse film and a shade net. Ventilation openings and insect-proof nets are set up, and a misting sprinkler system is installed. Small arched sheds are built on the ridges under the steel-framed greenhouses. Plastic film is covered on the steel-framed greenhouses, the small arched sheds, and the ridges.

[0082] The superior bacterial strains were activated, and then the activated morel strains were thoroughly mixed with *Agropyron cristatum* inoculum at a volume ratio of 100:1 (the *Agropyron cristatum* inoculum contained 3 × 10⁻⁶ live bacteria). 11 (each 1000 cells / g) to obtain pretreated morel mushroom strains.

[0083] Pretreated morel spawn was sown in furrows 30cm apart in the greenhouse, with a plant spacing of 20cm. The sowing rate was 180kg / mu. After sowing, the spawn was covered with 3cm of fine soil and nutrient bags were placed inside. The components of the nutrient bags were: wheat 60wt%, cottonseed hulls 25wt%, humus 10wt%, lime 3wt%, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2wt%. A black plastic film was used as a mulch, with holes 2cm in diameter and 25cm apart for ventilation. Twelve days after sowing, a white "frost" appeared on the soil covering. The film was then removed, and nutrient bags were added. A slit was made on the side of each nutrient bag, and the slit was placed against the "frost" on the soil surface, allowing direct contact between the nutrients in the nutrient bag and the morel mycelium in the soil. The morel mycelium entered the nutrient bags and absorbed the nutrients. About 30 days after adding the nutrient bags, the mycelium had completely colonized the exogenous nutrient bags, and the culture medium inside the bags became shriveled. The nutrient bags were then removed.

[0084] Two months after sowing, mushroom cultivation begins. During the initial cultivation period, maintain a low temperature of below 4℃ for 8 consecutive days. Once the soil temperature rises to 6℃, remove the black plastic film and cover the greenhouse with the plastic film, controlling the diurnal temperature difference to be greater than 10℃. Provide 6 hours of light daily, using diffused light at an intensity of 800 Lux, ensuring the diffused light reaches the soil surface to stimulate mycelial differentiation and primordia formation. After fruiting, avoid direct sunlight on primordia or young fruiting bodies to prevent primordia death or deformed mushrooms. Take measures to keep warm, moisturize, and protect from wind, avoiding excessive diurnal temperature differences to prevent primordia death. Adjust the diurnal temperature difference to 8℃~10℃ and extend the daily light duration to 10 hours. Maintain a soil moisture content of 70%, an air humidity of 85%, and a soil temperature of 18℃ throughout the process. Use a misting system with a water droplet size of 3~5mm.

[0085] During cultivation, a stable and suitable growth environment is established for the morel mushrooms. Temperature, humidity, CO2, and light levels inside the greenhouse are monitored 24 / 7 via the internet to avoid excessive heat and humidity. Diseased fruiting bodies are removed promptly to prevent their spread. Yellow sticky traps or black light lamps are used to trap and kill adult mushroom flies and mosquitoes, while traps are used to kill fleas. Insect nets are installed around the greenhouse and at ventilation openings to prevent pests from gathering. The mushroom shed and its surrounding area are kept clean, weeds are removed, and agricultural waste is disposed of.

[0086] Harvest morel mushrooms promptly after they have fruited, remove any remaining mushrooms, and keep the soil surface clean.

[0087] Comparative Example 4 The difference from Example 1 is that no land preparation is performed.

[0088] The experiment was conducted using sandy loam soil with good air permeability and strong water retention capacity, selected from the alluvial soil of the riverbed in the mountainous river valley. The soil used in this example had a pH of 6.8, a porosity of 40%, an organic matter content of 3.3%, and a available potassium content of 102.5 mg / kg.

[0089] In September 2023, a cultivation experiment was conducted on morel spawn, which was cultured and stored at a low temperature of 15-20℃. Random samples from each batch of spawn were cultured at 80%-90% humidity and 15-20℃. Fifteen days after inoculation, if the mycelium failed to form sclerotia and mycelial bloom, it indicated undesirable genetic variation in the spawn, and such spawns were discarded; otherwise, they were retained, and superior spawns were selected.

[0090] In October 2023, the land was prepared directly on the vacant fields. Lime and biochar were mixed in a mass ratio of 5:4 and spread on the fields to keep the soil pH value at 7.2. The land was then plowed and harrowed, ridges were made and furrows were dug, and the land was exposed to the sun for 7 days. Then it was soaked in clean water for 2 days and then allowed to seep into the ground naturally.

[0091] After the treatment is completed, a detachable steel-framed greenhouse is built on the vacant field. It is laid out in a north-south direction, with a width of 6.5m and a height of 2.5m. It is covered with a drip-free greenhouse film and a shade net. Ventilation openings and insect-proof nets are set up, and a misting sprinkler system is installed. Small arched sheds are built on the ridges under the steel-framed greenhouses. Plastic film is covered on the steel-framed greenhouses, the small arched sheds, and the ridges.

[0092] Bacillus hygroscopicus and Curculigo orbiculatus were mixed at a viable count ratio of 1:10 to obtain a microbial inoculum, with a final viable count of 3 × 10⁻⁶. 11 The superior bacterial strains were activated, and then the activated morel strains were thoroughly mixed with microbial agents at a volume ratio of 100:1 to obtain pretreated morel strains.

[0093] Pretreated morel spawn was sown in furrows 30cm apart in the greenhouse, with a plant spacing of 20cm. The sowing rate was 180kg / mu. After sowing, the spawn was covered with 3cm of fine soil and nutrient bags were placed inside. The components of the nutrient bags were: wheat 60wt%, cottonseed hulls 25wt%, humus 10wt%, lime 3wt%, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2wt%. A black plastic film was used as a mulch, with holes 2cm in diameter and 25cm apart for ventilation. Twelve days after sowing, a white "frost" appeared on the soil covering. The film was then removed, and nutrient bags were added. A slit was made on the side of each nutrient bag, and the slit was placed against the "frost" on the soil surface, allowing direct contact between the nutrients in the nutrient bag and the morel mycelium in the soil. The morel mycelium entered the nutrient bags and absorbed the nutrients. About 30 days after adding the nutrient bags, the mycelium had completely colonized the exogenous nutrient bags, and the culture medium inside the bags became shriveled. The nutrient bags were then removed.

[0094] Two months after sowing, mushroom cultivation begins. During the initial cultivation period, maintain a low temperature of below 4℃ for 8 consecutive days. Once the soil temperature rises to 6℃, remove the black plastic film and cover the greenhouse with the plastic film, controlling the diurnal temperature difference to be greater than 10℃. Provide 6 hours of light daily, using diffused light at an intensity of 800 Lux, ensuring the diffused light reaches the soil surface to stimulate mycelial differentiation and primordia formation. After fruiting, avoid direct sunlight on primordia or young fruiting bodies to prevent primordia death or deformed mushrooms. Take measures to keep warm, moisturize, and protect from wind, avoiding excessive diurnal temperature differences to prevent primordia death. Adjust the diurnal temperature difference to 8℃~10℃ and extend the daily light duration to 10 hours. Maintain a soil moisture content of 70%, an air humidity of 85%, and a soil temperature of 18℃ throughout the process. Use a misting system with a water droplet size of 3~5mm.

[0095] During cultivation, a stable and suitable growth environment is established for the morel mushrooms. Temperature, humidity, CO2, and light levels inside the greenhouse are monitored 24 / 7 via the internet to avoid excessive heat and humidity. Diseased fruiting bodies are removed promptly to prevent their spread. Yellow sticky traps or black light lamps are used to trap and kill adult mushroom flies and mosquitoes, while traps are used to kill fleas. Insect nets are installed around the greenhouse and at ventilation openings to prevent pests from gathering. The mushroom shed and its surrounding area are kept clean, weeds are removed, and agricultural waste is disposed of.

[0096] Harvest morel mushrooms promptly after they have fruited, remove any remaining mushrooms, and keep the soil surface clean.

[0097] Comparative Example 5 The difference from Example 1 is that the duration of illumination is not adjusted.

[0098] The experiment was conducted using sandy loam soil with good air permeability and strong water retention capacity, selected from the alluvial soil of the riverbed in the mountainous river valley. The soil used in this example had a pH of 6.8, a porosity of 41%, an organic matter content of 3.1%, and a available potassium content of 102.7 mg / kg.

[0099] In September 2023, a cultivation experiment was conducted on morel spawn, which was cultured and stored at a low temperature of 15-20℃. Random samples from each batch of spawn were cultured at 80%-90% humidity and 15-20℃. Fifteen days after inoculation, if the mycelium failed to form sclerotia and mycelial bloom, it indicated undesirable genetic variation in the spawn, and such spawns were discarded; otherwise, they were retained, and superior spawns were selected.

[0100] In October 2023, after rice harvesting, rice straw was chopped into 3-5cm pieces and mixed with a microbial agent containing Penicillium oxalate SF1 and Luteinella vulgaris in a 1:1 ratio of viable bacteria. 0.2g of the mixed agent was added per kg of rice straw, and the effective viable bacteria count in the mixed agent was 1×10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / mL, fermented at 28℃ for 5 days, then evenly spread in the field, using 1200 kg per acre.

[0101] Mix lime and biochar in a mass ratio of 5:4, spread them in the field to maintain the soil pH at 7.2, plow and harrow, make furrows, expose to the sun for 7 days, then irrigate with clean water for 2 days, and then allow the water to seep naturally into the ground.

[0102] After the treatment is completed, a detachable steel-framed greenhouse is built on the paddy field. It is laid out in a north-south direction, with a width of 6.5m and a height of 2.5m. It is covered with a drip-free greenhouse film and a shade net. Ventilation openings and insect-proof nets are set up, and a misting sprinkler system is installed. Small arched sheds are built on the ridges under the steel-framed greenhouses. Plastic film is covered on the steel-framed greenhouses, the small arched sheds, and the ridges.

[0103] Bacillus hygroscopicus and Curculigo orbiculatus were mixed at a viable count ratio of 1:10 to obtain a microbial inoculum, with a final viable count of 3 × 10⁻⁶. 11 The superior bacterial strains were activated, and then the activated morel strains were thoroughly mixed with microbial agents at a volume ratio of 100:1 to obtain pretreated morel strains.

[0104] Pretreated morel spawn was sown in furrows 30cm apart in the greenhouse, with a plant spacing of 20cm. The sowing rate was 180kg / mu. After sowing, the spawn was covered with 3cm of fine soil and nutrient bags were placed inside. The components of the nutrient bags were: wheat 60wt%, cottonseed hulls 25wt%, humus 10wt%, lime 3wt%, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2wt%. A black plastic film was used as a mulch, with holes 2cm in diameter and 25cm apart for ventilation. Twelve days after sowing, a white "frost" appeared on the soil covering. The film was then removed, and nutrient bags were added. A slit was made on the side of each nutrient bag, and the slit was placed against the "frost" on the soil surface, allowing direct contact between the nutrients in the nutrient bag and the morel mycelium in the soil. The morel mycelium entered the nutrient bags and absorbed the nutrients. About 30 days after adding the nutrient bags, the mycelium had completely colonized the exogenous nutrient bags, and the culture medium inside the bags became shriveled. The nutrient bags were then removed.

[0105] Two months after sowing, mushroom cultivation begins. During the initial cultivation period, maintain a low temperature of below 4℃ for 8 consecutive days. Once the soil temperature rises to 6℃, remove the black plastic film and cover the greenhouse with the plastic film, controlling the day-night temperature difference to be greater than 10℃. Provide 8 hours of light daily, using diffused light at an intensity of 800 Lux, ensuring the diffused light reaches the soil surface to stimulate mycelial differentiation and primordia formation. After fruiting, avoid direct sunlight on primordia or young fruiting bodies to prevent primordia death or deformed mushrooms. Take measures to keep warm, moisturize, and protect from wind, avoiding excessive day-night temperature differences to prevent primordia death. Adjust the day-night temperature difference to 8℃~10℃ and maintain 8 hours of light daily. Throughout the process, maintain soil moisture at 70%, air humidity at 85%, and soil temperature at 18℃ in the cold greenhouse. Use a misting system with a water droplet size of 3~5mm.

[0106] During cultivation, a stable and suitable growth environment is established for the morel mushrooms. Temperature, humidity, CO2, and light levels inside the greenhouse are monitored 24 / 7 via the internet to avoid excessive heat and humidity. Diseased fruiting bodies are removed promptly to prevent their spread. Yellow sticky traps or black light lamps are used to trap and kill adult mushroom flies and mosquitoes, while traps are used to kill fleas. Insect nets are installed around the greenhouse and at ventilation openings to prevent pests from gathering. The mushroom shed and its surrounding area are kept clean, weeds are removed, and agricultural waste is disposed of.

[0107] Harvest morel mushrooms promptly after they have fruited, remove any remaining mushrooms, and keep the soil surface clean.

[0108] Test Example 1 The yields of morel mushrooms in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 were statistically analyzed, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0109] Table 1. Morel yield in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-5

[0110] As shown in Table 1, compared with Comparative Example 1, the methods of Examples 1 to 3 significantly increased the yield of morel mushrooms, indicating that the pretreatment of rice straw helps improve the soil environment and promote the growth of morel mushrooms. The yields of Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were all significantly lower than that of Example 1, indicating that the use of Bacillus hygroscopicus and Amygdalinus for pretreatment of the strains was significantly beneficial to promoting the growth of morel mushrooms and produced a synergistic effect. The yield of Comparative Example 4 was the lowest, indicating that the construction of a cold shed in the rice field after harvest and the return of straw to the field in this invention are beneficial to providing a more suitable growth environment for morel mushrooms. Combining Comparative Example 5 and Example 1, it can also be seen that this invention adjusts the light for different growth stages of morel mushrooms, which is more conducive to promoting the development of morel mushrooms and thus increasing the yield.

[0111] Test Example 2 Morel mushrooms produced in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-5 were taken as samples and numbered to ensure representativeness. After cleaning, they were subjected to sensory evaluation.

[0112] Form a team of 10 professional sensory evaluators. The evaluators should be trained and have certain sensory evaluation experience.

[0113] Evaluation environment: The evaluation was conducted in a clean, odorless laboratory environment.

[0114] Ensure adequate lighting, good ventilation, and avoid external interference.

[0115] Evaluation steps: Appearance evaluation: Evaluators will observe the color, shape, and surface texture of the sample in sequence and record the score. The maximum score is 30 points, and the specific criteria are as follows: Color (10 points): 10 points: The cap is dark brown, the stem is white, the color is uniform, and there is no color difference.

[0116] 7 points: The color is basically normal, but there is a slight color difference.

[0117] 4 points: Abnormal color, obvious discoloration of the cap or stem.

[0118] 0 points: The color is severely abnormal and there are signs of mold.

[0119] Shape (10 points): 10 points: The cap is honeycomb-shaped, the stem is thick and upright, and the shape is regular.

[0120] 7 points: The shape is basically normal, but there is slight deformation.

[0121] 4 points: Irregular shape, with obvious damage to the cap or stem.

[0122] 0 points: The shape is severely deformed and the bacterial cells are broken.

[0123] Surface texture (10 points): 10 points: The cap has a clear surface texture and the stem is smooth.

[0124] 7 points: The texture is basically clear, but there are minor flaws.

[0125] 4 points: The texture is blurry, and the stem has stains or spots.

[0126] 0 points: The surface is severely dirty, with mold or other foreign matter.

[0127] Odor evaluation: Place the samples in a clean container, and the evaluators smell the samples one by one, recording the scores. The maximum score is 30 points, and the specific criteria are as follows: Fragrance intensity (10 points): 10 points: It has a rich aroma with the unique fragrance of morel mushrooms.

[0128] 7 points: The aroma is quite noticeable, but not strong enough.

[0129] 4 points: The aroma is faint and not obvious.

[0130] 0 points: No fragrance or has an unpleasant odor.

[0131] Aroma purity (10 points): 10 / 10: The aroma is pure and free of any off-flavors.

[0132] 7 points: The aroma is basically pure, but there is a slight off-flavor.

[0133] 4 points: The aroma is not pure and has a noticeable off-odor.

[0134] 0 points: It has a strong odor or musty smell.

[0135] Durability (10 points): 10 / 10: The fragrance is long-lasting and can still be smelled after a long time.

[0136] 7 points: The fragrance lasts for a relatively long time, but it will gradually weaken.

[0137] 4 points: The fragrance is short-lived and dissipates quickly.

[0138] 0 points: No persistence, almost no fragrance.

[0139] Taste evaluation: Evaluators tasted the samples one by one and recorded their scores for texture, freshness, chewiness, and aftertaste, with a maximum score of 40 points. The specific criteria are as follows: Texture (10 points): 10 / 10: The mushroom flesh is thick, crisp, tender, and elastic.

[0140] 7 points: The texture is relatively thick, but slightly soft and sticky.

[0141] 4 points: The texture is thin and the mouthfeel is soft.

[0142] 0 points: Poor texture, broken or rotten flesh.

[0143] Freshness of taste (10 points): 10 / 10: Delicious taste and rich flavor.

[0144] 7 points: The taste is quite fresh, but the flavor is a bit bland.

[0145] 4 points: The taste is average and the flavor is rather bland.

[0146] 0 points: Poor taste, with an off-flavor or rotten smell.

[0147] Chewing sensation (10 points): 10 points: It has a good crispness and elasticity when chewed.

[0148] 7 points: Good chewiness, but lacks elasticity.

[0149] 4 points: Poor chewing texture, soft and glutinous.

[0150] 0 points: Poor chewing texture, almost no elasticity.

[0151] Aftertaste (10 points): 10 / 10: Delicious aftertaste with a lingering aftertaste.

[0152] 7 points: The aftertaste is quite delicious, but short-lived.

[0153] 4 points: The aftertaste is bland, with no obvious lingering flavor.

[0154] 0 points: Poor aftertaste, with an off-flavor.

[0155] Data processing: The score for each indicator for each sample is the average of all evaluators' scores.

[0156] The total score (appearance + odor + taste) of each sample was calculated and compared. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0157] Table 2 Sensory Evaluation Scores of Samples

[0158] As shown in Table 2, compared with the comparative examples, the morel mushrooms of Examples 1 to 3 of the present invention have better appearance, aroma and taste, and the morel mushrooms produced by the method provided by the present invention are of better quality.

[0159] As can be seen from the above embodiments, the method provided by the present invention can improve the yield of morel mushrooms while optimizing their quality, which is conducive to improving the planting income of morel mushrooms.

[0160] Although the above embodiments have provided a detailed description of the present invention, they are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. People can obtain other embodiments based on these embodiments without creative effort, and these embodiments all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating morel mushrooms in a cold greenhouse, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: Every year from August to September, cultivation trials are conducted on morel mushroom strains to screen out superior strains and ensure successful mushroom production. Every year from October to November, after the previous crop is harvested, pre-treated straw is evenly spread in the field, soil conditioner is applied to the paddy field to adjust the soil pH to 6.8-7.8, and the land is prepared to obtain morel mushroom cultivation fields; detachable greenhouses are built on the morel mushroom cultivation fields. The superior bacterial strains screened from cultivation experiments were activated and then thoroughly mixed with a microbial inoculant at a volume ratio of 100:1-2 to obtain pretreated morel mushroom strains; the microbial inoculant included Bacillus hygroscopicus (B. hygroscopicus). Bacillus altitudinis ) and Adhesive Arrow ( Rhizobium adhaerens ); Pretreated morel spawn is sown and placed in nutrient bags for cultivation. Nutrient bags are replenished 10-15 days after sowing; the mushrooms are then induced to mature; and the morels are harvested after they have fruited.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cultivation experiment includes the following steps: random sampling of each batch of strains, and cultivation in an environment with humidity of 80%~90% and temperature of 15~20℃; 10-15 days after sowing, if the mycelium cannot form sclerotia and mycelial bloom, it indicates that the strain has undesirable genetic variation, and such strains are eliminated, otherwise they are retained.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preceding crop is corn or rice; the straw includes corn straw and / or rice straw; the length of the pretreated straw is ≤5cm, and the dosage is 1000~1500 kg per mu; the pretreated straw preparation method is as follows: chop the rice straw, add Penicillium oxalate (… Penicillium oxalicum ) and safflower ( Luteimonas sp. The mixed microbial agent is fermented at 28℃~35℃ for 3~5 days; the effective viable count in the mixed microbial agent is 1×10⁻⁶. 8 ~1×10 10 CFU / mL; the effective viable count ratio of Penicillium oxalate and Gynostemma pentaphyllum in the mixed microbial agent is 1:1 to 2:3; 0.1 to 0.5 g of mixed microbial agent is used per kg of rice straw.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The soil conditions for the morel mushroom cultivation field are: pH > 6.5, porosity > 33%, organic matter content > 3%, and available potassium content ≥ 100 mg / kg; the dosage of the soil conditioner is 30-50 kg / mu; the soil conditioner includes lime and biochar; the mass ratio of lime to biochar is 3-5:4-6; the land preparation includes: plowing, ditching, sun exposure for 5-7 days, followed by soaking in clean water for 2-3 days, and after soaking, removing excess irrigation water; The greenhouse includes a detachable and assembleable steel frame greenhouse and small arched sheds built on the raised beds under the steel frame greenhouse; the top of the steel frame greenhouse is equipped with a shade net; it adopts a north-south orientation, with a greenhouse width of 6-8m and a greenhouse height of 1.8-2m, and is equipped with ventilation openings and insect-proof nets, and is equipped with a misting sprinkler system; plastic film is covered on the steel frame greenhouse, the small arched sheds, and the raised beds under the steel frame greenhouse.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The viable bacteria count in the microbial agent is ≥2~5×10⁻⁶. 11 The ratio of viable bacteria of *Arctium lappa* and *Bacillus hygroscopicus* is 1:10~100; when sowing the pretreated morel spawn, the row spacing is 20~35cm and the plant spacing is 15~30cm; the sowing amount of the pretreated morel spawn is 175~225kg / mu.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, After sowing, cover with 3-5cm of fine soil and then place the nutrient bag; after placing the nutrient bag, cover with a shading film and make holes for ventilation, and remove the shading film after the mushroom growth period is over; when covering with the shading film and making holes for ventilation, the hole diameter is 1.5-2cm and the hole spacing is 20-25cm.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The supplementary nutrient bag also includes: after 28-32 days of supplementation, the nutrient bag is removed; the nutrient bag is composed of 60wt% wheat, 25wt% cottonseed hulls, 10wt% humus, 3wt% lime and 2wt% potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

8. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The induction of fruiting is carried out 2 months after sowing. The induction of fruiting includes: maintaining a low temperature stimulation of 0℃~4℃ for 7~10 days; after the low temperature stimulation ends, removing the shading film and controlling the day-night temperature difference to be >10℃; after fruiting, adjusting the day-night temperature difference to 8℃~10℃.

9. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The shading rate of the shade net is 70%~80%; the atomized water droplet size of the atomized spraying device is <5mm.

10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cultivation conditions are as follows: soil moisture 30%~35%, air humidity 80%~90%, and ground temperature 10℃~20℃; initially, provide 5~8 hours of light per day, with diffused light and a light intensity of 500~1500 Lux; after fruiting, extend the daily light duration to 10~12 hours.

Images