Pneumatic suspension dry type separation equipment

Abstract

The invention discloses pneumatic suspension dry-type separation equipment, which belongs to the technical field of material separation, and comprises a separation box body with a cavity, the upper end of the cavity is provided with an exhaust port, and the lower end of the cavity is provided with a first discharge port; the channel plate is obliquely arranged in the sorting box body and partitions the cavity; a plurality of first through holes are formed in the channel plate; the multiple layers of spoilers are arranged below the channel plate, a plurality of second through holes are formed in the spoilers, and the second through holes in the adjacent spoilers are formed in a staggered mode in the vertical direction; the diameter of the first through hole is larger than the all-pass diameter of the sorted material, and the diameter of the second through hole is not smaller than that of the first through hole; a communicating port of the air inlet pipeline and the cavity is positioned below the spoiler; the two control valves are arranged at the first discharge hole; materials flow into the channel plate and flow downwards under the action of gravity, rising airflow with stable air pressure is formed under turbulence of the second through holes in the multiple layers of spoilers, the light materials are in a stable suspension jumping state, and the large-density materials fall into the first discharging opening under the action of gravity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of solid material sorting equipment, specifically to a pneumatic suspension dry sorting device. Background Technology

[0002] Gravity separation is a mineral separation method that relies on the density difference of material particles to separate them. It is widely used in the mineral processing field because of its wide range of particle sizes, large processing capacity, and environmental friendliness (no chemical pollution, clean physical process). The jig is an important gravity separation equipment, mainly used for the pre-selection and roughing of metal ores (tungsten, tin, gold, etc.), and is also the core equipment for coal washing.

[0003] Currently, jigs primarily separate materials based on density differences in a vertically alternating water flow. Specifically, materials form a bed on a screen plate in the jig chamber, and under the repeated action of the water flow, denser materials gradually sink to the bottom, while lighter materials remain on the top. After stratification, the denser materials are discharged through a screen or discharge device on the screen plate, while the lighter materials on the top are discharged with the water flow through an overflow weir. Based on this principle, existing jigs, when processing materials with fine particle sizes, are prone to forming sludge, which interferes with the loosening and stratification of the bed, resulting in slow and insufficient stratification. Conversely, when the material particle size is coarse, lighter materials are not only easily mixed with heavier particles (coarse particles run off) but may also be lost by passing through the screen openings (screening).

[0004] The sorting effect of existing jigs depends on the precise coordination of a series of operating parameters, including stroke, number of strokes, under-screen water replenishment, feed rate, and air pressure (for moving screen diaphragm jigs). Adjusting these parameters requires experienced operators, and the optimization process is time-consuming and difficult to stabilize. The sorting efficiency and accuracy are relatively low. Furthermore, the moving parts in the jig (such as diaphragms, screen plates, pistons, etc.) work under continuous alternating stress, which causes wear and tear, requiring regular maintenance and replacement, increasing downtime and maintenance costs.

[0005] Because existing jigs are wet mineral processing equipment that uses water as the medium, they consume a large amount of process water. This is a significant disadvantage in water-scarce areas. Furthermore, jig operations generate wastewater containing a large amount of fine mud, which must be treated by sedimentation, concentration, etc., before it can be recycled or discharged in compliance with standards. This increases the investment and operating costs of tailings and water treatment facilities. In addition, compared with some other mineral processing equipment (such as hydrocyclones), jigs are usually large in size and require a large plant space.

[0006] Therefore, developing and designing a pneumatic suspension dry sorting device that uses only air as the sorting medium, can effectively sort materials according to density differences, is clean and environmentally friendly, simple to operate, has few moving parts, and is economical and efficient is an urgent problem to be solved at present. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this invention provides a pneumatic suspension dry sorting device. Material flows into the channel plate through the feeding assembly and flows downwards along the channel plate under gravity. Simultaneously, air at a certain pressure enters the cavity through the air inlet pipe, forming a stable upward airflow under the turbulence of the second through-hole on the multi-layer baffle plate. This upward airflow passes through the first through-hole on the channel plate, keeping lightweight materials in a stable suspended and jumping state, allowing them to be smoothly discharged from the discharge assembly. High-density materials, under gravity, pass sequentially through the first and second through-holes and fall into the first discharge port. By alternately opening and closing two control valves, high-density materials are discharged, effectively sorting materials according to density differences. The device is simple to operate, clean, environmentally friendly, economical, and efficient.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: This invention provides a pneumatic suspension dry sorting device, comprising: The sorting box has a cavity inside, an exhaust port is provided at the upper end of the cavity, and a first discharge port is provided at the lower end of the cavity; A channel plate is inclinedly disposed within the sorting box, the channel plate partitions the cavity and separates the exhaust port from the first discharge port; the channel plate is provided with a plurality of first through holes; the sorting box is provided with a feed port at the higher end corresponding to the channel plate, and a second discharge port is provided at the lower end corresponding to the channel plate. A feeding assembly, wherein the feeding assembly is connected to the feeding port; A discharge assembly, wherein the discharge assembly is connected to the second discharge port; A multi-layered spoiler is disposed inside the sorting box and located below the channel plate. The spoiler has a plurality of second through holes, and the second through holes on adjacent spoilers are staggered in the vertical direction. The diameter of the second through hole is not less than the diameter of the first through hole. An air intake duct, which is connected to the cavity, and the connection point between the air intake duct and the cavity is located below the spoiler. Two control valves are provided, both of which are located at the first discharge port and distributed along the discharge direction of the material.

[0009] As a preferred technical solution, it also includes a frame, and the sorting box is fixed on the frame.

[0010] As a preferred technical solution, the feeding assembly includes a feeding plate, the discharging assembly includes a discharging plate, and the upper surfaces of the feeding plate, the channel plate, and the discharging plate form a continuous inclined plane; the bottom of the feeding plate is provided with a plurality of vibration components.

[0011] As a preferred technical solution, spring seats are provided between the lower ends of the feed plate and the discharge plate and the frame; And / or, the vibration assembly is configured as an excitation motor; And / or, the feeding assembly further includes a feeding hopper and a fabric distribution chamber, the feeding hopper being located above the feeding plate and the fabric distribution chamber being located between the feeding hopper and the feeding port; And / or, the feed plate, the channel plate and the discharge plate are integrally formed.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution, the angle between the upper surface of the channel plate and the horizontal plane is set to 8°-12°.

[0013] As a preferred technical solution, the interval between adjacent second through holes is not greater than the diameter of the first through hole.

[0014] As a preferred technical solution, the system also includes a controller, wherein an electro-proportional valve is provided on the air intake pipe; the control valve is a pneumatic butterfly valve, and the controller is connected to both the electro-proportional valve and the pneumatic butterfly valve.

[0015] As a preferred technical solution, the air intake pipe includes an annular pipe surrounding the sorting box, and multiple evenly distributed connecting pipes are provided between the annular pipe and the cavity; And / or, the first discharge port is located below the connection between the air inlet pipe and the cavity.

[0016] As a preferred technical solution, the diameter of the first through hole is set to the full diameter of the material. And / or, the thickness of the channel plate is not less than 10 mm; And / or, the diameter of the second through hole is not less than 1.5 times the diameter of the first through hole; And / or, the portion of the cavity located above the channel plate is a flotation cavity, and the portion of the cavity located below the channel plate is a flow stabilization cavity.

[0017] As a preferred technical solution, the number of layers of the spoiler is set to 3-9; And / or, the exhaust port is connected to a dust collector; And / or, a number of reinforcing ribs are provided between the channel plate and the sorting box.

[0018] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. Air at a certain pressure enters the cavity through the air intake pipe of this invention. Under the turbulence of the second through-hole on the multi-layer baffle plate, a stable upward airflow is formed. The upward airflow passes through the first through-hole on the channel plate and forms a suspension zone on the upper surface of the channel plate. The airflow parameters in the suspension zone are preset according to the material sorting index, which enables lightweight materials to remain suspended while high-density materials cannot float. The material flows evenly into the channel plate through the feeding component of this invention and flows downward along the upper surface of the channel plate under the action of gravity and excitation force. At the same time, air at a certain pressure enters the cavity through the air intake pipe and forms a stable upward airflow under the turbulence of the multi-layer baffle plate. The second through-hole on the flow plate creates a stable upward airflow. This upward airflow passes through the first through-hole on the channel plate and forms a suspension zone on the upper surface of the channel plate. This keeps lightweight materials in a stable suspended and jumping state, preventing them from passing through the first through-hole and allowing them to be discharged smoothly from the discharge assembly. Meanwhile, high-density materials, under the influence of gravity, overcome the buoyancy of the upward airflow and pass through the first and second through-holes in sequence before falling into the first discharge port. Two control valves alternately open and close, discharging high-density materials without affecting the stability of the air pressure inside the cavity. This achieves pneumatic sorting of materials according to density differences, resulting in a clean, environmentally friendly, economical, and efficient process.

[0019] 2. The vibration component of the present invention can generate excitation force, which allows the material on the channel plate to flow more smoothly down the surface of the channel plate under the action of gravity and excitation force. At the same time, the excitation force disperses and distributes the material flowing into the channel plate, and makes the high-density material pass through the first through hole more quickly, thereby realizing the rapid stratification of light materials and high-density materials on the channel plate and improving the sorting effect.

[0020] 3. The channel plate of the present invention is not less than 10mm and has sufficient thickness to ensure that when the rising airflow passes through the first through hole, a continuous and stable airflow column can be formed on the upper surface of the channel plate, ensuring that lightweight materials cannot pass through the first through hole.

[0021] 4. The second through holes on the adjacent baffles of the present invention are staggered in the vertical direction, which not only allows the airflow in the cavity to be dispersed when it passes through the baffles, ensuring the formation of a stable rising airflow, but also avoids the excessive influence of the rising airflow pressure when high-density materials fall from the second through holes.

[0022] 5. The diameter of the second through hole on the baffle plate of the present invention is not less than the diameter of the first through hole on the channel plate. At the same time, the interval between adjacent second through holes is not greater than the diameter of the first through hole, which can ensure that the high-density material falling from the first through hole can smoothly pass through each layer of baffle plates during the downward movement and finally fall to the first discharge port. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of a pneumatic suspension dry sorting device according to the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 Sectional view in; Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of region A in the middle; Figure 4 for Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the channel plate and multi-layer spoiler in the diagram.

[0024] In the diagram: 1-Separation box, 11-Cavity, 111-Flotation chamber, 112-Flow stabilization chamber, 12-Exhaust port, 13-First discharge port, 14-Inlet port, 15-Second discharge port, 2-Channel plate, 21-First through hole, 3-Feeding assembly, 31-Feeding plate, 32-Feeding hopper, 33-Material distribution chamber, 4-Discharge assembly, 41-Discharge plate, 5-Baffle plate, 51-Second through hole, 6-Air inlet pipe, 7-Control valve, 8-Frame, 81-Spring seat, 9-Vibration assembly. Detailed Implementation

[0025] To facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0026] Please refer to Figures 1-4 This invention provides a first embodiment of a pneumatic suspension dry separation device, comprising a separation box 1, a cavity 11 inside the separation box 1, a channel plate 2 inclinedly disposed inside the separation box 1, the channel plate 2 separating the cavity 11 and the exhaust port 12 from the first discharge port 13, the portion of the cavity 11 above the channel plate 2 being a flotation chamber 111, and the portion of the cavity 11 below the channel plate 2 being a flow stabilizing chamber 112; the upper end of the flotation chamber 111 is provided with an exhaust port 12, and the lower end of the flow stabilizing chamber 112 is provided with a first discharge port 13; The channel plate 2 is provided with multiple evenly distributed first through holes 21. The multi-layer baffle plate 5 is set inside the sorting box 1 and located below the channel plate 2. The multi-layer baffle plate 5 is located above the flow stabilizing cavity 112. The baffle plate 5 is provided with multiple evenly distributed second through holes 51. The second through holes 51 on adjacent baffle plates 5 are staggered in the vertical direction. The air inlet pipe 6 is connected to the flow stabilizing cavity 112. The connection port between the air inlet pipe 6 and the flow stabilizing cavity 112 is located below the baffle plate 5. The air inlet pipe 6 is connected to an air source, so that air at a certain pressure enters the flow stabilizing cavity 112 through the air inlet pipe 6. Under the turbulence of the second through holes 51 on the multi-layer baffle plate 5, a stable upward airflow is formed. The upward airflow passes through the first through holes 21 and enters the flotation cavity 111, and forms a suspension zone on the upper surface of the channel plate 2. The sorting box 1 is provided with a feed inlet 14 at the higher end of the channel plate 2, and a second discharge outlet 15 at the lower end of the sorting box 1 corresponding to the channel plate 2. The feeding component 3 is connected to the feed inlet 14, and the material flows into the channel plate 2 through the feeding component 3 and the feed inlet 14. The discharge component 4 is connected to the second discharge outlet 15, and the material flows evenly into the channel plate 2 through the feeding component 3. Under the action of gravity, it flows downward along the upper surface of the channel plate 2. When the material passes through the suspension zone, the light material is in a stable suspended jumping state and can be continuously discharged from the discharge component 4 without resistance. The diameter of the second through hole 51 is not less than the diameter of the first through hole 21, so that the high-density material breaks through the buoyancy of the rising airflow under the action of gravity, falls freely through the first through hole 21 and the second through hole 51 in sequence, and falls into the first discharge outlet 13. Both control valves 7 are located at the first discharge port 13 and distributed along the discharge direction of the material. The two control valves 7 switch on and off alternately, and discharge high-density materials without affecting the stability of the air pressure in the cavity 11. This achieves the sorting of materials according to density differences, which is clean, environmentally friendly, and energy-efficient.

[0027] For further explanation, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The main body of the sorting box 1 is preferably rectangular, which facilitates the channel plate 2 to divide the cavity 11 into flotation chambers 111 and flow stabilization chambers 112 distributed vertically, and the material can be evenly covered on the channel plate 2 during flow. The upper and lower ends of the main body of the sorting box 1 can be conical or pyramidal, which facilitates the collection of air and high-density materials. In addition, in order to avoid the inlet 14 and the second outlet 15 from affecting the air pressure in the cavity 11, there should be a sufficient length between the inlet 14 and the second outlet 15, and the inlet 14 and the second outlet 15 should be flat to ensure that a sufficiently long suspension zone is formed on the upper surface of the channel plate 2 to ensure the sorting of materials.

[0028] Specifically, please refer to Figures 1-3 The angle between the upper surface of the channel plate 2 and the horizontal plane is preferably set to 8°-12° to ensure that the flow rate of the material on the upper surface of the channel plate 2 is reasonable and to improve the sorting effect.

[0029] Furthermore, the interval between adjacent second through holes 51 should not be greater than the diameter of the first through hole 21, so as to ensure that the high-density material falling from the first through hole 21 can smoothly pass through each layer of baffles 5 during the downward movement and finally fall to the first discharge port 13.

[0030] In actual production, the particle size of the material is usually 3-50mm. The diameter of the first through hole 21 is set to the full diameter of the material. Preferably, the diameter of the first through hole 21 is 1.2-1.5 times the diameter of the material to ensure that all high-density materials can fall through the first through hole 21. Correspondingly, the diameter of the second through hole 51 is not less than 1.5 times the diameter of the first through hole 21 to ensure that the high-density materials falling from the first through hole 21 can quickly fall through the second through hole 51. At the same time, the air pressure at the upper surface of the channel plate 2 is set to 0.7MPa. The air column formed by the rising airflow at the first through hole 21 keeps the lightweight materials in a stable suspended jumping state so that they do not fall, while allowing the high-density materials to easily fall through the second through hole 51. In addition, the frequency of alternating switching of the two control valves 7 is determined according to the flow rate of the high-density materials sorted out, so as to ensure that the high-density materials can be smoothly discharged from the first discharge port 13.

[0031] In order to ensure that the rising airflow can form a continuous and stable airflow column on the upper surface of the channel plate 2 when it passes through the first through hole 21, and to ensure that lightweight materials cannot pass through the first through hole 21, the channel plate 2 should have sufficient thickness, specifically, the channel plate should be no less than 10mm.

[0032] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 1 The present invention should also include a frame 8, and the sorting box 1 is fixed on the frame 8.

[0033] Specifically, please refer to Figures 1-3 The feeding assembly 3 includes a feeding plate 31, through which material flows into the channel plate 2 via the inlet 14. The discharging assembly 4 includes a discharging plate 41, through which lightweight material flows from the channel plate 2 onto the discharging plate 41 via the first discharging port 13. The upper surfaces of the feeding plate 31, the channel plate 2, and the discharging plate 41 form a continuous inclined plane to ensure smooth material flow. The bottom of the feeding plate 31 is provided with several vibration components 9, which can generate excitation force, so that the material on the feeding plate 31, the channel plate 2, and the discharging plate 41 flows smoothly downward under the combined action of gravity and excitation force. At the same time, the excitation force can disperse and evenly distribute the material flowing from the feeding plate 31 into the channel plate 2, so that the material can be separated into lightweight and high-density materials more quickly on the channel plate 2, thereby improving the sorting effect.

[0034] To ensure the stability of the excitation force generated by the vibration component 9, please refer to... Figure 1 Both the lower ends of the feed plate 31 and the discharge plate 41 should be provided with spring seats 81 between them and the frame 8.

[0035] Further, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2The feeding assembly 3 also includes a feeding hopper 32 and a feeding chamber 33. The feeding hopper 32 is located above the feeding plate 31, and the feeding chamber 33 is located between the feeding hopper 32 and the feeding port 14. The material is stored in the feeding hopper 32. The feeding chamber 33 should have sufficient length and be flat so that the material can flow evenly through the feeding port 14 onto the channel plate 2.

[0036] It should be noted that the vibration component 9 is preferably configured as an excitation motor.

[0037] To facilitate production and ensure structural strength, the feed plate 31, the channel plate 2, and the discharge plate 41 are preferably integrally formed.

[0038] In this embodiment, the present invention should also include a controller. An electro-proportional valve is provided on the air inlet pipe 6. The control valve 7 is a pneumatic butterfly valve. The controller is connected to the electro-proportional valve and the pneumatic butterfly valve respectively. The controller adjusts the air pressure in the cavity 11 by adjusting the opening degree of the electro-proportional valve, thereby adjusting the material sorting density. The controller ensures that high-density materials are discharged while maintaining the stability of the air pressure in the cavity 11 by making the two pneumatic butterfly valves alternately open and close in an orderly manner.

[0039] To ensure stable air pressure inside cavity 11, please refer to... Figure 1 and Figure 2 The air intake pipe 6 should include an annular pipe surrounding the sorting box 1, and multiple circumferentially evenly distributed connecting pipes between the annular pipe and the cavity 11, which can allow air at a certain pressure to flow evenly into the cavity 11.

[0040] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The first discharge port 13 is located below the connection between the air inlet pipe 6 and the cavity 11. The number of layers of the baffle 5 is set to 3-9, which can effectively promote the formation of a stable upward airflow.

[0041] It should be noted that the exhaust port 12 should be connected to a dust collector. The air in the cavity 11 flows into the atmosphere after being cleaned by the dust collector and will not pollute the environment. Specifically, the dust collector can be a gravity settling chamber, a cyclone dust collector, a bag filter, a cartridge dust collector, an electrostatic precipitator, or a hybrid electrostatic-bag filter.

[0042] To ensure that the channel plate 2 is stably positioned inside the sorting box 1, several reinforcing ribs can be provided between the channel plate 2 and the sorting box 1.

[0043] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention can have various modifications and variations; any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pneumatic suspension dry sorting device, characterized in that, include: The sorting box (1) has a cavity (11) inside, an exhaust port (12) is provided at the upper end of the cavity (11), and a first discharge port (13) is provided at the lower end of the cavity (11). A channel plate (2) is inclinedly disposed inside the sorting box (1). The channel plate (2) separates the cavity (11) and separates the exhaust port (12) from the first discharge port (13). The channel plate (2) is provided with a plurality of first through holes (21). The sorting box (1) is provided with a feed port (14) at the higher end of the channel plate (2) and a second discharge port (15) at the lower end of the channel plate (2). Feeding assembly (3), which is connected to the feed port (14); The discharge assembly (4) is connected to the second discharge port (15); A multi-layered spoiler (5) is disposed inside the sorting box (1) and located below the channel plate (2). The spoiler (5) is provided with a plurality of second through holes (51). The second through holes (51) on adjacent spoilers (5) are staggered in the vertical direction. The diameter of the second through hole (51) is not less than the diameter of the first through hole (21). An air intake pipe (6) is connected to the cavity (11), and the connection port between the air intake pipe (6) and the cavity (11) is located below the spoiler (5). Two control valves (7) are provided at the first discharge port (13) and distributed along the discharge direction of the material.

2. The pneumatic suspension dry sorting device according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a frame (8), on which the sorting box (1) is fixed.

3. The pneumatic suspension dry sorting device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The feeding assembly (3) includes a feeding plate (31), and the discharging assembly (4) includes a discharging plate (41). The upper surfaces of the feeding plate (31), the channel plate (2), and the discharging plate (41) form a continuous inclined plane. The bottom of the feeding plate (31) is provided with several vibration components (9).

4. The pneumatic suspension dry sorting device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The lower ends of the feed plate (31) and the discharge plate (41) are provided with spring seats (81) between them and the frame (8). And / or, the vibration assembly (9) is configured as an excitation motor; And / or, the feeding assembly (3) further includes a feeding hopper (32) and a fabric distribution chamber (33), the feeding hopper (32) being located above the feeding plate (31), and the fabric distribution chamber (33) being located between the feeding hopper (32) and the feeding port (14); And / or, the feed plate (31), the channel plate (2) and the discharge plate (41) are integrally formed.

5. The pneumatic suspension dry sorting device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The angle between the upper surface of the channel plate (2) and the horizontal plane is set to 8°-12°.

6. The pneumatic suspension dry sorting device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The interval between adjacent second through holes (51) is not greater than the diameter of the first through hole (21).

7. The pneumatic suspension dry sorting device according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a controller, an electro-proportional valve is provided on the air intake pipe (6); the control valve (7) is a pneumatic butterfly valve, and the controller is connected to the electro-proportional valve and the pneumatic butterfly valve respectively.

8. The pneumatic suspension dry sorting device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air intake pipe (6) includes an annular pipe surrounding the sorting box (1), and multiple evenly distributed connecting pipes are provided between the annular pipe and the cavity (11). And / or, the first discharge port (13) is located below the connection between the air inlet pipe (6) and the cavity (11).

9. The pneumatic suspension dry sorting device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diameter of the first through hole (21) is set to the full through diameter of the material; And / or, the thickness of the channel plate (2) is not less than 10 mm; And / or, the diameter of the second through hole (51) is not less than 1.5 times the diameter of the first through hole (21); And / or, the portion of the cavity (11) above the channel plate (2) is a flotation cavity (111), and the portion of the cavity (11) below the channel plate (2) is a flow stabilization cavity (112).

10. The pneumatic suspension dry sorting device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of layers of the spoiler (5) is set to 3-9; And / or, the exhaust port (12) is connected to a dust collector; And / or, a number of reinforcing ribs are provided between the channel plate (2) and the sorting box (1).

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