A pintle injector suitable for a fuel-rich generator, an engine, and a spacecraft

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of aerospace engine, in particular to a needle injection injector suitable for rich burn generator, an engine and a spacecraft, comprising: a spray valve shell, a first valve core assembly, a second valve core assembly, a blocking assembly and a fluid driving assembly, the fluid driving assembly is used for driving the second valve core assembly to move in the second valve cavity by using fluid medium, so as to drive the blocking assembly to move to open the second communication port and the third communication port, and drive the first valve core assembly to move to open the first communication port. The present application omits the traditional independent valve, part of the pipeline and the joint, compacts the engine layout, reduces the mass of the engine, and improves the thrust-to-weight ratio of the engine.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of aerospace engine technology, specifically to a needle-plug injector suitable for a fuel-rich generator, an engine, and a spacecraft. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, needle-plug injectors are widely used in liquid-fueled engines due to their simple manufacturing process, inherent combustion stability, and ability to deeply throttle fuel flow. In liquid rockets, the fuel-rich generator is typically used to produce fuel-rich gas to drive a turbine, which in turn powers the propellant pump.

[0003] However, as a separate combustion component, the rich fuel generator must have its own injector and propellant control valve, which increases engine mass and system complexity.

[0004] Therefore, there is a need to provide a needle-plug injector, engine, and spacecraft suitable for fuel-rich generators to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the problem that a fuel-rich generator, as an independent combustion component, must have its own injector and propellant control valve, which increases engine mass and system complexity, this invention provides a needle-plug injector, engine, and spacecraft suitable for fuel-rich generators to solve existing problems.

[0006] The first aspect of this invention provides a needle-type injector suitable for a fuel-rich generator, employing the following technical solution:

[0007] The valve housing has a first valve chamber and a second valve chamber inside, which are connected. The second valve chamber is connected to the fuel-rich generator housing. A first injection port for injecting one of the propellants in the propellant combination is provided on one side of the first valve chamber. The other propellant in the propellant combination is injected from the inlet of the interlayer channel of the fuel-rich generator housing.

[0008] The first valve core assembly is disposed in the first valve cavity and is used to block the first communication port between the first valve cavity and the second valve cavity. The first valve core assembly is provided with a first reset structure for resetting the first valve core assembly.

[0009] The second valve core assembly is disposed in the second valve cavity and has a hollow structure. One end of the assembly is open and faces the first valve cavity, while the other end is located in the cavity of the fuel-rich generator housing. The second valve core assembly located in the cavity of the fuel-rich generator housing has a spray hole arranged radially. The second valve core assembly is provided with a second reset structure for resetting the second valve core assembly.

[0010] A sealing assembly, disposed on the second valve core assembly, is used to seal the second communication port between the second valve chamber of the injection valve housing and the cavity of the fuel-rich generator housing, as well as the interlayer channel of the fuel-rich generator housing and the third communication port of the cavity of the fuel-rich generator housing.

[0011] And a fluid drive component, the output end of which is connected to the second valve chamber, for using a fluid medium to drive the second valve core component to move within the second valve chamber, thereby driving the sealing component to move to open the second and third connecting ports, and simultaneously driving the first valve core component to move to open the first connecting port.

[0012] A further technical solution of the present invention is that the propellant combination adopts any one of the following: liquid oxygen and kerosene, hydrogen peroxide and hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons, liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen, or liquid oxygen and methane.

[0013] In a further technical solution of the present invention, a partition is provided inside the spray valve housing, the partition divides the cavity of the spray valve housing into a first valve cavity and a second valve cavity, a first guide cylinder is provided on the end face of the spray valve housing in the first valve cavity, a second guide cylinder is provided on the side of the partition facing the second valve cavity, and the first guide cylinder and the second guide cylinder are coaxially arranged.

[0014] The first connecting port is opened on the partition plate, the first valve core assembly is slidably disposed in the first guide cylinder, and the hollow tube of the second valve core assembly is slidably disposed in the second guide cylinder. A sealing element is provided between the first valve core assembly and the first guide cylinder, and between the second valve core assembly and the second guide cylinder.

[0015] A further technical solution of the present invention includes a first valve core assembly comprising: a first valve stem, the first valve stem being slidably disposed within a first guide cylinder, and a first sealing plate being disposed at one end of the first valve stem facing the second valve cavity, the area of ​​the first sealing plate being larger than the first communication port; wherein, a first reset structure is disposed between the end wall of the spray valve housing and the first sealing plate, and a sealing element is disposed between the first valve stem and the first guide cylinder.

[0016] In a further technical solution of the present invention, the second valve core assembly includes:

[0017] The second valve stem is a hollow tube with one open end. The open end of the second valve stem is inserted into the second guide tube and slidably connected with the second guide tube. The sealing element is set between the second valve stem and the second guide tube. The side of the second valve stem opposite to the open end extends into the cavity of the fuel-rich generator housing.

[0018] A piston plate is disposed in the middle of the second valve stem and is slidably disposed in the second valve chamber. A sealing element is disposed between the piston plate and the second valve chamber. A reset chamber is formed between the piston plate and the partition plate. A blocking assembly is disposed on the second valve stem on the side of the piston plate away from the reset chamber. A driving chamber is formed between the blocking assembly and the piston plate. An injection hole is disposed radially on the second valve stem located in the cavity of the fuel-rich generator housing. A second reset structure is disposed between the piston plate and the partition plate.

[0019] A further technical solution of the present invention includes a sealing component comprising: a second sealing plate, wherein a sealing element is provided between the outer peripheral surface of the second sealing plate and the outer shell end face of the fuel-rich generator housing, and between the side of the second sealing plate facing the cavity of the fuel-rich generator housing and the outer wall surface of the inner shell of the fuel-rich generator housing.

[0020] A further technical solution of the present invention includes a fluid drive assembly comprising: a high-pressure gas cylinder, the outlet end of which is connected to a drive chamber via a pipe, wherein a second injection port is provided on the outlet end of the pipe and the corresponding spray valve housing of the drive chamber.

[0021] In a further technical solution of the present invention, both the first reset structure and the second reset structure adopt a reset spring.

[0022] A second aspect of the present invention provides a liquid fuel engine, including the needle injector suitable for a fuel-rich generator provided in the first aspect of the present invention.

[0023] A third aspect of the present invention provides a spacecraft including the liquid fuel engine provided in the second aspect of the present invention.

[0024] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0025] The needle-bolt injector proposed in this invention for use in fuel-rich generators integrates the valve housing and injector housing into a single unit to form the injection valve housing. The second valve core assembly is hollow and has injection holes, thus integrating the valve core and injector into one unit. This eliminates the need for traditional independent valves, some pipelines, and connectors, resulting in a more compact engine layout, reduced engine mass, and improved engine thrust-to-weight ratio.

[0026] Among them, the integrated structure of the valve core and the injector allows the propellant to be filled to the front of the valve and the front of the injector at the same time, simplifying the engine's fuel-rich half-system; secondly, the radial injection holes of the second valve core are evenly distributed along the circumference, and the combustion field can be reasonably organized by designing the momentum ratio. Attached Figure Description

[0027] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a needle-type injector suitable for a fuel-rich generator according to the present invention.

[0029] In the figure: 1. Injector valve housing; 2. First return spring; 3. Second valve core assembly; 4. First valve core assembly; 5. Second return spring; 6. Seal; 7. Rich fuel generator housing. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] An embodiment of the needle-plug injector of the present invention suitable for a fuel-rich generator, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes: a nozzle valve housing 1, a first valve core assembly 4, a second valve core assembly 3, a sealing assembly, and a fluid drive assembly. The nozzle valve housing 1 has a first valve chamber and a second valve chamber, which are connected. The second valve chamber is connected to a fuel-rich generator housing 7. A first injection port for injecting one type of propellant in the propellant combination is provided on one side of the first valve chamber (see attached diagram). Figure 1 (A port in the middle), wherein another propellant in the propellant combination is used for the inlet of the interlayer channel of the fuel-rich generator housing 7 (attached). Figure 1The C port in the diagram is used for injection. It should be noted that the fuel-rich generator housing 7 in this embodiment uses a sandwich housing commonly used in the prior art, which will not be described in detail here. The first valve core assembly 4 is disposed within the first valve cavity and is used to block the first communication port between the first valve cavity and the second valve cavity. The first valve core assembly 4 is also provided with a first reset structure for resetting itself. The second valve core assembly 3 is disposed within the second valve cavity and is a hollow structure. One end of the second valve core assembly 3 is open and faces the first valve cavity, while the other end of the second valve core assembly 3 is located within the cavity of the fuel-rich generator housing 7. The diameter of the second valve core assembly 3 located within the cavity of the fuel-rich generator housing 7... The first valve assembly 3 is provided with an injection port; the second valve core assembly 3 is provided with a second reset structure for resetting the second valve core assembly 3; a sealing assembly is provided on the second valve core assembly 3, and the sealing assembly is used to seal the second communication port between the second valve chamber of the injection valve housing 1 and the cavity of the fuel-rich generator housing 7, as well as the interlayer channel of the fuel-rich generator housing 7 and the third communication port of the cavity of the fuel-rich generator housing 7; the output end of the fluid drive assembly is connected to the second valve chamber, and the fluid drive assembly is used to drive the second valve core assembly 3 to move in the second valve chamber using a fluid medium, so as to drive the sealing assembly to move to open the second communication port and the third communication port, and at the same time drive the first valve core assembly 4 to move to open the first communication port.

[0032] For example, in one specific embodiment, the propellant combination uses any one of the following: liquid oxygen and kerosene, hydrogen peroxide and hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons, liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen, or liquid oxygen and methane. This embodiment uses a propellant combination of liquid oxygen and kerosene.

[0033] For example, such as Figure 1 As shown, in a specific embodiment, a partition is provided inside the spray valve housing 1, which divides the cavity of the spray valve housing 1 into a first valve cavity and a second valve cavity. A first guide cylinder is provided on the end face of the spray valve housing 1 in the first valve cavity, and a second guide cylinder is provided on the side of the partition facing the second valve cavity. The first guide cylinder and the second guide cylinder are coaxially arranged. A first communication port is opened on the partition, a first valve core assembly 4 is slidably disposed in the first guide cylinder, and a hollow tube of a second valve core assembly 3 is slidably disposed in the second guide cylinder. A sealing element is provided between the first valve core assembly 4 and the first guide cylinder, and between the second valve core assembly 3 and the second guide cylinder.

[0034] For example, in one specific embodiment, the first valve core assembly 4 includes: a first valve stem, which is slidably disposed in the first guide cylinder, and a first sealing plate is disposed at one end of the first valve stem facing the second valve cavity, the area of ​​the first sealing plate being larger than the first communication port; in this embodiment, the first reset structure is disposed between the end wall of the spray valve housing 1 and the first sealing plate, that is, in this embodiment, the first reset structure adopts a first reset spring 2, the first reset spring 2 is sleeved on the first valve stem between the end wall of the spray valve housing 1 and the first sealing plate, and one end of the first reset spring 2 is connected to the end wall of the spray valve housing 1, the other end of the first reset spring 2 is connected to the first sealing plate, and the sealing element is disposed between the outer periphery of the first valve stem and the inner wall of the first guide cylinder.

[0035] For example, in one specific embodiment, the second valve core assembly 3 includes: a second valve stem and a piston plate. The second valve stem is a hollow tube with one open end. The open end of the second valve stem passes through and is slidably connected to the second guide cylinder. Specifically, in this embodiment, a sealing element is provided between the outer wall of the second valve stem and the inner wall of the second guide cylinder. The side of the second valve stem opposite to the open end extends into the cavity of the fuel-rich generator housing 7. The piston plate is disposed in the middle of the second valve stem and is slidably disposed in the second valve cavity. A sealing element is also provided between the piston plate and the second valve cavity. A reset chamber is formed, wherein a sealing assembly is disposed on the second valve stem on the side of the piston plate opposite to the reset chamber, and a drive chamber is formed between the sealing assembly and the piston plate; an injection hole is disposed radially on the second valve stem located in the cavity of the fuel-rich generator housing 7, and in this embodiment, multiple injection holes are provided; a second reset structure is disposed between the piston plate and the partition plate. In this embodiment, the second reset structure adopts a second reset spring 5, which is sleeved on the second valve stem between the piston plate and the partition plate, and one end of the second reset spring 5 is connected to the piston plate, and the other end of the second reset spring 5 is connected to the partition plate.

[0036] In this embodiment, the sealing assembly includes a second sealing plate. A sealing element 6 is provided between the outer peripheral surface of the second sealing plate and the outer shell end face of the fuel-rich generator housing 7, and between the side of the second sealing plate facing the cavity of the fuel-rich generator housing 7 and the outer wall surface of the inner shell of the fuel-rich generator housing 7.

[0037] For example, in one specific embodiment, the fluid drive assembly includes: a high-pressure gas cylinder, the outlet end of which is connected to the drive chamber via a pipe, wherein a second injection port is provided on the valve housing 1 corresponding to the outlet end of the pipe and the drive chamber (see attached diagram). Figure 1 The B port in the embodiment is connected; in this embodiment, nitrogen is stored in the high-pressure gas cylinder. In addition, in this embodiment, a hydraulic pump can also be used to drive the second valve stem by driving the liquid medium from the pipeline into the drive chamber.

[0038] It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the injection holes on the second valve core assembly 3 can be a single row or multiple rows of injection holes. In this embodiment, multiple rows of injection holes are used, and the injection holes are circular. The sealing element is a packing seal or a metal seal.

[0039] An embodiment of a liquid fuel engine according to the present invention includes a needle-plug injector suitable for a fuel-rich generator as proposed in the present invention.

[0040] An embodiment of a spacecraft according to the present invention includes the liquid fuel engine proposed in the present invention.

[0041] Working principle

[0042] Taking a propellant combination of liquid oxygen and kerosene as an example, liquid oxygen is injected into the first valve chamber of the injector housing 1 through port A, and kerosene is injected into the interlayer channel of the rich fuel generator housing 7 through port C. Nitrogen gas is introduced into the drive chamber of the second valve chamber of the injector housing 1 through port B via a high-pressure gas cylinder. Under the action of gas pressure, the pressure in the drive chamber below the piston plate is greater than the spring force of the second reset spring 5 in the reset chamber above the piston plate and the spring force of the first reset spring 2 in the first valve chamber. Under the action of pressure difference, the second valve stem is driven to move along the second guide cylinder, thereby driving the first valve stem to move along the first guide cylinder, thus causing the first sealing plate on the first valve stem to move away, thereby opening the first connecting port. At this time, liquid oxygen can enter from port A. The first valve chamber enters the hollow cavity of the second valve stem and is ejected through the injection hole at one end of the second valve stem extending into the rich gas generator housing 7. Simultaneously, as the second valve stem moves upward under the action of pressure differential, the second sealing plate on the second valve stem moves upward, thereby opening the second communication port between the second valve chamber of the injection valve housing 1 and the cavity of the rich gas generator housing 7, as well as the third communication port between the interlayer channel of the rich gas generator housing 7 and the cavity of the rich gas generator housing 7. That is, the kerosene injected into the interlayer channel of the rich gas generator housing 7 from port C will enter the cavity of the rich gas generator housing 7 from the outlet of the interlayer channel. Liquid oxygen and kerosene form a spray and burn in the rich gas generator by colliding and combining momentum, producing rich gas. When the high-pressure gas cylinder is closed, the second valve stem and the first valve stem are reset under the action of the first return spring 2 and the second return spring 5. At this time, the first sealing plate on the first valve stem blocks the first communication port, and the second sealing plate on the second valve stem blocks the second and third communication ports.

[0043] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A needle-plug injector suitable for a fuel-rich generator, characterized in that, include: The valve housing has a first valve chamber and a second valve chamber inside, which are connected. The second valve chamber is connected to the fuel-rich generator housing. A first injection port for injecting one of the propellants in the propellant combination is provided on one side of the first valve chamber. The other propellant in the propellant combination is injected from the inlet of the interlayer channel of the fuel-rich generator housing. The first valve core assembly is disposed in the first valve cavity and is used to block the first communication port between the first valve cavity and the second valve cavity. The first valve core assembly is provided with a first reset structure for resetting the first valve core assembly. The second valve core assembly is disposed in the second valve cavity and has a hollow structure. One end of the assembly is open and faces the first valve cavity, while the other end is located in the cavity of the fuel-rich generator housing. The second valve core assembly located in the cavity of the fuel-rich generator housing has a spray hole arranged radially. The second valve core assembly is provided with a second reset structure for resetting the second valve core assembly. A sealing assembly, disposed on the second valve core assembly, is used to seal the second communication port between the second valve chamber of the injection valve housing and the cavity of the fuel-rich generator housing, as well as the interlayer channel of the fuel-rich generator housing and the third communication port of the cavity of the fuel-rich generator housing. And a fluid drive component, the output end of which is connected to the second valve chamber, for using a fluid medium to drive the second valve core component to move in the second valve chamber, so as to drive the sealing component to move to open the second and third communication ports, and at the same time drive the first valve core component to move to open the first communication port. A partition is provided inside the spray valve housing, which divides the cavity of the spray valve housing into a first valve cavity and a second valve cavity. A first guide cylinder is provided on the end face of the spray valve housing in the first valve cavity, and a second guide cylinder is provided on the side of the partition facing the second valve cavity. The first guide cylinder and the second guide cylinder are coaxially arranged. A first communication port is opened on the partition. A first valve core assembly is slidably disposed in the first guide cylinder, and a hollow tube of the second valve core assembly is slidably disposed in the second guide cylinder. Sealing elements are provided between the first valve core assembly and the first guide cylinder, and between the second valve core assembly and the second guide cylinder. The first valve core assembly includes: a first valve stem, which is slidably disposed within a first guide cylinder, and a first sealing plate is disposed at one end of the first valve stem facing the second valve cavity, the area of ​​the first sealing plate being larger than the first communication port; wherein, a first reset structure is disposed between the end wall of the spray valve housing and the first sealing plate, and a sealing element is disposed between the first valve stem and the first guide cylinder; The second valve core assembly includes: The second valve stem is a hollow tube with one open end. The open end of the second valve stem is inserted into the second guide tube and slidably connected with the second guide tube. The sealing element is set between the second valve stem and the second guide tube. The side of the second valve stem opposite to the open end extends into the cavity of the fuel-rich generator housing. A piston plate is disposed in the middle of the second valve stem and is slidably disposed in the second valve chamber. A sealing element is disposed between the piston plate and the second valve chamber. A reset chamber is formed between the piston plate and the partition plate. A blocking assembly is disposed on the second valve stem on the side of the piston plate away from the reset chamber. A driving chamber is formed between the blocking assembly and the piston plate. An injection hole is disposed radially on the second valve stem located in the cavity of the fuel-rich generator housing. A second reset structure is disposed between the piston plate and the partition plate.

2. The needle-plug injector suitable for a fuel-rich generator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The propellant combination uses any one of the following: liquid oxygen and kerosene, hydrogen peroxide and hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons, liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen, or liquid oxygen and methane.

3. A needle-type injector suitable for a fuel-rich generator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sealing assembly includes: a second sealing plate, and a sealing element is provided between the outer peripheral surface of the second sealing plate and the outer shell end face of the fuel-rich generator housing, and between the side of the second sealing plate facing the cavity of the fuel-rich generator housing and the outer wall surface of the inner shell of the fuel-rich generator housing.

4. A needle-type injector suitable for a fuel-rich generator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fluid drive assembly includes a high-pressure gas cylinder, the outlet of which is connected to the drive chamber via a pipe, wherein the outlet of the pipe and the corresponding spray valve housing of the drive chamber are provided with a second injection port for connection.

5. A needle-type injector suitable for a fuel-rich generator according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the first and second reset structures employ reset springs.

6. A liquid fuel engine, characterized in that, Includes the needle-type injector suitable for a fuel-rich generator as described in any one of claims 1-5.

7. A spacecraft, characterized in that, Including the liquid fuel engine as described in claim 6.

Images