Northern cabbage type winter rape overwintering cultivation method

Abstract

The invention discloses a northern cabbage type winter rape overwintering cultivation method which comprises the following steps: A, ploughing soil, removing stubbles in the soil, and then fertilizing before sowing; b, sowing is conducted from the last ten days of September to the first ten days of October; a precision seeder with a furrow opener is adopted for seeding, the furrow opening depth ranges from 5 cm to 10 cm, the seeding depth ranges from 2 cm to 3 cm, the line spacing ranges from 25 cm to 40 cm, and the seeding quantity per mu ranges from 0.2 kg to 0.4 kg; c, within 3 days after sowing, pre-emergence herbicide is used for soil sealing treatment; d, a mechanical soil covering machine is adopted for soil covering operation before overwintering water is poured, and the soil covering thickness is 1-2 cm; e, overwintering water is irrigated before overwintering, the daily average temperature of watering is selected to be 3-5 DEG C, the wind power of sprinkling irrigation is selected to be smaller than 4 levels, and the irrigation amount per mu is 30-50 m < 3 >; f, performing field management after reviving until maturing and harvesting. The method can overcome the defects in the prior art and improve the overwintering rate of the brassica napus.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of winter cultivation technology for oil crops, and in particular to a method for winter cultivation of winter rapeseed of the Brassica napus type in northern China. Background Technology

[0002] Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) belongs to the genus Brassica in the family Cruciferae and is an important oilseed crop in my country. Rapeseed oil accounts for more than 55% of the total domestic vegetable oil production, making it the largest source of domestic vegetable oil and holding a pivotal position in my country's edible oil market. Brassica napus-type rapeseed originated approximately 7,500 years ago from a natural hybridization and chromosome doubling of Chinese cabbage and kale. It accounts for 80% of the total rapeseed area in China, mainly distributed in East China, Central China, Southwest China, and the spring rapeseed areas in North China. The overwintering rate of winter rapeseed (Brassica napus-type rapeseed) is low north of the Qinling-Huaihe line, resulting in slow growth in its planting area in this region.

[0003] Currently, the winter rapeseed cultivation area in northern China mainly cultivates the Chinese cabbage type, but its erucic acid and glucosinolate content are generally higher, resulting in inferior lodging resistance, quality, and yield compared to the Brassica napus type. Overwintering is currently a major problem for Brassica napus in northern regions. One cultivation method to promote overwintering is full-film mulching and sowing to retain heat and increase soil moisture. However, the mulch is difficult to decompose, its recycling is labor-intensive, and it is not easily removed completely, leading to soil compaction, affecting subsequent crops, and causing environmental pollution. There is an urgent need for a simple cultivation method for Brassica napus that effectively improves overwintering rates and promotes its expansion in northern regions. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for overwintering cultivation of winter rapeseed of the northern type of Brassica napus, which overcomes the shortcomings of the existing technology and improves the overwintering rate of winter rapeseed of the Brassica napus.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows.

[0006] A method for overwintering cultivation of winter rapeseed of the northern Brassica napus type includes the following steps: A. Till the soil, remove the root stubble, and then apply fertilizer before sowing; B. Sowing should be carried out from late September to early October; a precision seeder with a furrow opener should be used for sowing, with a furrow opening depth of 5cm to 10cm, a sowing depth of 2cm to 3cm, a row spacing of 25cm to 40cm, and a sowing rate of 0.2kg to 0.4kg per mu. C. Apply pre-emergence herbicides to the soil for sealing within 3 days after sowing; D. Before watering for winter, use a mechanical soil covering machine to cover the soil, with a covering thickness of 1-2cm. E. Irrigate before winter, choosing a time when the average daily temperature is 3℃~5℃. For sprinkler irrigation, choose a day with winds less than level 4, using 30m³ of water per acre. 3 ~50m 3 ; F. After the plants turn green, carry out field management until they mature and are harvested.

[0007] As a preferred option, in step A, the amount of fertilizer applied before sowing is 50 kg / mu, and the fertilizer composition is 40 wt% calcium phosphate, 15 wt% potassium chloride and 45 wt% urea.

[0008] Preferably, in step C, the pre-emergence herbicide is metolachlor at a concentration of 960 g / L.

[0009] Preferably, the soil is covered with a plastic film at the same time. The plastic film includes a film body, on which several ground nails are evenly arranged. Each ground nail includes an annular fixing piece fixed to the film body. A flexible support sleeve is provided at the top of the annular fixing piece, and a rigid hollow needle body is provided at the bottom of the annular fixing piece. The outer diameter and inner diameter of the rigid hollow needle body gradually decrease from top to bottom.

[0010] Preferably, several elastic support plates are provided between the top of the flexible support sleeve and the membrane body.

[0011] Preferably, the membrane edge is provided with a flexible metal wire frame.

[0012] Preferably, the mechanical covering machine is equipped with a film-laying roller and a film-pressing roller. The mulch film is installed on the film-laying roller. As the mechanical covering machine moves and the film-laying roller rotates, the mulch film is laid on the ground surface. Then, the film-pressing roller presses the ground nails into the soil for fixation.

[0013] The beneficial effects of adopting the above technical solution are as follows: This invention improves the overwintering rate of winter rapeseed by combining furrow sowing and soil covering with winter irrigation, thus promoting the planting of winter rapeseed in northern regions. At the same time, it improves the structure of the mulch film, facilitating mechanized operations for laying and harvesting the mulch film. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0015] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the mulch film in a specific embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0016] Reference Figure 1 One specific embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps: A. Till the soil, remove the root stubble, and then apply fertilizer before sowing. The amount of fertilizer applied before sowing is 50 kg / mu, and the fertilizer composition is 40 wt% calcium phosphate, 15 wt% potassium chloride and 45 wt% urea.

[0017] B. Sowing should be carried out from late September to early October. A precision seeder with a furrow opener should be used for sowing, with a furrow opening depth of 5cm to 10cm, a sowing depth of 2cm to 3cm, a row spacing of 25cm to 40cm, and a sowing rate of 0.2kg to 0.4kg per mu.

[0018] C. Apply a pre-emergence herbicide to the soil for sealing within 3 days after sowing; the pre-emergence herbicide is S-metolachlor at a concentration of 960 g / L.

[0019] D. Before watering for winter, use a mechanical soil covering machine to cover the soil, with a covering thickness of 1-2cm.

[0020] E. Irrigate before winter, choosing a time when the average daily temperature is 3℃~5℃. For sprinkler irrigation, choose a day with winds less than level 4, using 30m³ of water per acre. 3 ~50m 3 .

[0021] F. After the plants turn green, carry out field management until they mature and are harvested.

[0022] In a test site in Shijiazhuang, a comparative experiment was conducted using the cultivation method described in this invention. Three planting methods were compared: flat sowing with winter irrigation, furrow sowing with winter irrigation, and the method described in this application. The tested variety was Heyouza No. 2. The results are as follows:

[0023] In cases of extreme drought during the wintering period, covering the soil with mulch film can enhance the effectiveness. (Refer to...) Figure 2 The mulch film includes a film body 1, on which several ground nails are evenly distributed. Each ground nail includes an annular fixing piece 2 fixed to the film body 1. A flexible support sleeve 3 is provided at the top of the annular fixing piece 2, and a rigid hollow needle body 4 is provided at the bottom of the annular fixing piece 2. The outer and inner diameters of the rigid hollow needle body 4 gradually decrease from top to bottom. Several elastic support pieces 5 are provided between the top of the flexible support sleeve 3 and the film body 1. A flexible metal wire frame is provided at the edge of the film body 1.

[0024] The mechanical mulching machine is equipped with a film-laying roller and a film-pressing roller. The mulch film is installed on the film-laying roller. As the mechanical mulching machine moves and the film-laying roller rotates, the mulch film is laid on the ground surface. Then, the film-pressing roller presses the ground nails into the soil for fixation. The elastic support plate 5 can support and press down the mulch film when it is unfolded, and the rigid hollow needle body 4 can firmly fix the entire mulch film to the soil surface. The flexible metal wire frame at the edge of the mulch film facilitates secondary covering or other methods of fixing after mulching.

[0025] After the film turns green again, the flexible metal wire frame at the edge of the mulch film is fixed to the film-laying roller. The film-laying roller is rotated to wrap the mulch film around it. During the wrapping process, the rigid hollow needle 4 passes through the annular fixing piece 2 of the corresponding ground nail that has been wrapped on the film-laying roller and is inserted into the rigid hollow needle 4 below it, and is pressed against the flexible support sleeve 3. As the flexible support sleeve 3 is squeezed and deformed, the elastic support piece 5 bends synchronously, thus facilitating the storage of the mulch film.

[0026] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this invention, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0027] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of this invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for overwintering cultivation of winter rapeseed of the northern Brassica napus type, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: A. Till the soil, remove the root stubble, and then apply fertilizer before sowing; B. Sowing should be carried out from late September to early October; a precision seeder with a furrow opener should be used for sowing, with a furrow opening depth of 5cm to 10cm, a sowing depth of 2cm to 3cm, a row spacing of 25cm to 40cm, and a sowing rate of 0.2kg to 0.4kg per mu. C. Apply pre-emergence herbicides to the soil for sealing within 3 days after sowing; D. Before watering for winter, use a mechanical soil covering machine to cover the soil, with a covering thickness of 1-2cm. E. Irrigate before winter, choosing a time when the average daily temperature is 3℃~5℃. For sprinkler irrigation, choose a day with winds less than level 4, using 30m³ of water per acre. 3 ~50m 3 ; F. After the plants turn green, carry out field management until they mature and are harvested.

2. The method for overwintering cultivation of winter rapeseed of the northern Brassica napus type according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step A, the amount of fertilizer applied before sowing is 50 kg / mu, and the fertilizer composition is 40 wt% calcium phosphate, 15 wt% potassium chloride and 45 wt% urea.

3. The method for overwintering cultivation of winter rapeseed of the northern Brassica napus type according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step C, the pre-emergence herbicide is S-metolachlor at a concentration of 960 g / L.

4. The method for overwintering cultivation of winter rapeseed of the northern Brassica napus type according to claim 3, characterized in that: While covering the soil, a plastic film is also laid on top. The plastic film includes a film body, on which several ground nails are evenly arranged. Each ground nail includes an annular fixing piece fixed to the film body. A flexible support sleeve is provided at the top of the annular fixing piece, and a rigid hollow needle body is provided at the bottom of the annular fixing piece. The outer diameter and inner diameter of the rigid hollow needle body gradually decrease from top to bottom.

5. The method for overwintering cultivation of winter rapeseed of the northern Brassica napus type according to claim 4, characterized in that: Several elastic support plates are provided between the top of the flexible support sleeve and the membrane.

6. The method for overwintering cultivation of winter rapeseed of the northern Brassica napus type according to claim 5, characterized in that: The membrane is edged with a flexible metal wire frame.

7. The method for overwintering cultivation of winter rapeseed of the northern Brassica napus type according to claim 6, characterized in that: The mechanical soil covering machine is equipped with a film-laying roller and a film-pressing roller. The mulch film is installed on the film-laying roller. As the mechanical soil covering machine moves and the film-laying roller rotates, the mulch film is laid on the ground surface. Then, the film-pressing roller presses the ground nails into the soil for fixation.

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