Blade deicing structure, composite ice dredging coating and preparation method of composite ice dredging coating

Abstract

The invention discloses a sheet deicing structure, a composite ice dredging coating and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of wind power generation. The preparation method of the composite ice-dredging coating comprises the following steps: dispersing silicon dioxide nanoparticles in an organic solvent to form a nanoparticle dispersion liquid with the concentration of 1-10wt%; and then, adding low-surface-energy resin and a curing agent into the nano-particle dispersion liquid, and treating under the ultrasonic action and the ice-water bath condition to obtain the composite ice-dredging coating. In addition, the invention also provides the composite ice-dredging coating prepared by the preparation method. In addition, the invention further provides a blade deicing structure which sequentially comprises a surface anti-icing layer, a heating layer, a heat conduction layer and a structural layer from top to bottom. The surface anti-icing layer is made of the composite ice dredging coating. The composite ice dredging coating provided by the invention realizes effective ice prevention and removal of the blade.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of wind power generation technology, specifically to a blade de-icing structure, a composite de-icing coating, and a method for preparing the same. Background Technology

[0002] Wind power generation is a renewable and clean energy utilization device. Wind turbine blades, located at high altitudes, are highly susceptible to icing. Icing not only causes errors in wind speed and direction measurement, affecting power control of the wind turbine, but also leads to irreversible blade deformation, increased surface roughness, reduced torque and power output, and impacts aerodynamic characteristics. Furthermore, severe blade icing can cause large-scale wind farm shutdowns, resulting in significant power and economic losses. Therefore, exploring wind turbine blade de-icing technology is of great practical importance. Existing wind turbine blade de-icing technologies mainly rely on electrothermal de-icing. Traditional electrothermal de-icing is too energy-intensive (consuming 5-15% of power generation), has poor coating durability, and the gas-thermal approach affects aerodynamic performance. Therefore, inventing a new type of low-energy, high-efficiency active de-icing blade is essential.

[0003] When the ambient temperature of wind turbine blades is below 0℃, supercooled water droplets in the air collide with the surface of the blades, disrupting the internal equilibrium of the droplets and raising the freezing temperature. This causes ice to condense on the blade surface, forming icing (also known as icing), which deteriorates the blade's aerodynamic performance, reducing wind energy capture capacity and resulting in power losses of up to 50%. In severe cases, it can lead to wind turbine disconnection and shutdown, causing significant economic losses. Existing electrothermal de-icing systems have high energy consumption, accounting for 5-15% of annual power generation. Gas-thermal de-icing also suffers from high initial costs and high energy consumption. Electromagnetic beam de-icing methods include microwave de-icing, electromagnetic pulse de-icing, and laser de-icing. Microwave de-icing technology primarily achieves its effect by accelerating the thermal motion of molecules on the airfoil surface, thereby increasing the surface temperature of wind turbine blades. Electromagnetic pulse technology continuously energizes and de-energizes an electromagnetic coil, utilizing electromagnetic induction to vibrate and de-ic. However, these two methods may disrupt the airfoil surface flow field distribution, worsen aerodynamic performance, and pose a risk of lightning strikes, thus they have not yet been widely adopted in wind turbine blade de-icing. Ultrasonic valves are mainly used for aircraft blade de-icing. Mechanical de-icing is a highly efficient and energy-free de-icing technology, and therefore has been widely used. Compared to energy-intensive electric heating and gas heating de-icing methods, even with only a 3% de-icing efficiency, it can achieve 30 to 100 times the de-icing effect. Mechanical de-icing is mainly divided into manual de-icing and mechanical equipment de-icing. Manual de-icing can only be performed when the machine is stopped, and the vibration effect in the blade root area is poor, while also posing a safety hazard of ice ejection. The working principle of mechanical equipment (movable airbags, pneumatic belts) for de-icing is to compress gas into the mechanical equipment to cause the surface ice layer to break, and natural de-icing is achieved under the action of gravity and centrifugal force. However, the installation of equipment on the blade surface will deteriorate the blade aerodynamic performance and pose a risk of lightning strike.

[0004] Based on the current status of wind turbine blade anti-icing methods and technologies and their applications, how to achieve effective anti-icing of blades is a technical problem that existing technologies need to solve. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the above-mentioned technical deficiencies and provide a blade de-icing structure, a composite de-icing coating and its preparation method, thereby solving the technical problem of how to achieve effective de-icing of blades in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned technical objectives, the present invention provides a method for preparing a composite anti-icing coating, wherein silica nanoparticles are dispersed in an organic solvent to form a nanoparticle dispersion with a concentration of 1-10 wt%; subsequently, a low surface energy resin and a curing agent are added to the nanoparticle dispersion, and then the mixture is treated under an ice-water bath under ultrasonic conditions to obtain the composite anti-icing coating.

[0007] In any embodiment, the low surface energy resin is one or more of fluorinated polyurethane, fluorinated epoxy resin and polydimethylsiloxane; and / or, the treatment time under the ice-water bath condition is 10-60 min.

[0008] In any embodiment, the particle size of the silica nanoparticles is 20-200 nm; and / or the organic solvent is n-hexane or ethanol; and / or the mass ratio of the low surface energy resin to the silica nanoparticles is 100:(5-30).

[0009] In any embodiment, before adding the low surface energy resin and curing agent to the nanoparticle dispersion, the method further includes dispersing Fe3O4 in the nanoparticle dispersion.

[0010] In any embodiment, the amount of Fe3O4 added is 5-10 wt% of the mass of the organic solvent.

[0011] In any embodiment, before adding the low surface energy resin and curing agent to the nanoparticle dispersion, MXene nanosheets are added to the nanoparticle dispersion, wherein the amount of MXene nanosheets added is 2-3 wt% of the mass of the organic solvent.

[0012] In addition, the present invention also proposes a composite ice-repellent coating, which is prepared by the above-described method.

[0013] In addition, the present invention also proposes a blade de-icing structure, which includes, from top to bottom, a surface anti-icing layer, a heating layer, a heat conduction layer and a structural layer; the material of the surface anti-icing layer is the above-mentioned composite anti-icing coating.

[0014] In any embodiment, the heating layer is formed by interlacing orthogonally woven carbon fiber cloth to create a heating mesh layer with a mesh density of 5-20 lines / cm. 2 The heating layer located at the foremost tip of the blade has a higher grid density than other areas of the heating layer.

[0015] In any embodiment, the surface anti-icing layer is a surface anti-icing layer with a micron-sized protrusion structure.

[0016] In any embodiment, the micron-sized protrusion structure is obtained by the following steps: filling the mold with the above-mentioned composite anti-icing coating into a mold having a micron-sized periodic groove array, then coating the mold filled with the composite anti-icing coating onto a heating layer and applying pressure, then removing the mold, and then performing a curing process to form a surface anti-icing layer with a micron-sized protrusion structure.

[0017] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention include: the construction of a micro-rough surface by silica nanoparticles, combined with a low surface energy resin, significantly reduces the adhesion between ice and the coating surface, thus reducing the basis for ice adhesion. Ultrasonic ice-water bath treatment promotes uniform dispersion of all components, preventing particle agglomeration. Simultaneously, the low-temperature environment reduces the risk of premature resin curing, ensuring batch-to-batch stability of the coating and reducing material waste during preparation. Based on the improved de-icing performance, subsequent de-icing does not require overcoming strong ice adhesion, significantly reducing energy consumption, thereby achieving effective de-icing and anti-icing of the blades. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of the blade de-icing structure of Embodiments 1-5 of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the heating layer structure of the blades in Embodiments 1-5 of the present invention.

[0020] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached diagram: 1. Surface anti-icing layer; 2. Heating layer; 21. Carbon fiber cloth; 3. Heat conduction layer; 4. Structural layer; 51. Blade tip; 511. Blade tip; 52. Blade aft end. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The "range" disclosed in this application is defined by a lower limit and an upper limit. A given range is defined by selecting a lower limit and an upper limit, which define the boundaries of a particular range. Ranges defined in this way can include or exclude endpoints and can be arbitrarily combined; that is, any lower limit can be combined with any upper limit to form a range. For example, if ranges of 60~120 and 80~110 are listed for a specific parameter, it is also expected that ranges of 60~110 and 80~120 are also included. Furthermore, if minimum range values ​​of 1 and 2 are listed, and if maximum range values ​​of 3, 4, and 5 are listed, then the following ranges are all expected: 1~3, 1~4, 1~5, 2~3, 2~4, and 2~5. In this application, unless otherwise stated, the numerical range "a~b" represents a shortened representation of any combination of real numbers between a and b, where a and b are real numbers. For example, the numerical range "0~5" indicates that all real numbers between "0~5" have been listed in this article; "0~5" is simply a shortened representation of these numerical combinations. Furthermore, when a parameter is stated as an integer ≥2, it is equivalent to disclosing that the parameter is, for example, an integer such as 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, etc.

[0022] Unless otherwise specified, the terms "comprising" and "including" as used in this application can be open-ended or closed-ended. For example, "comprising" and "including" can mean that other components not listed may also be included, or that only the listed components may be included.

[0023] Unless otherwise specified, the term "or" is inclusive in this application. For example, the phrase "A or B" means "A, B, or both A and B". More specifically, the condition "A or B" is satisfied by any of the following conditions: A is true (or exists) and B is false (or does not exist); A is false (or does not exist) and B is true (or exists); or both A and B are true (or exist).

[0024] This specific embodiment provides a method for preparing a composite anti-icing coating. Silica nanoparticles are dispersed in an organic solvent to form a nanoparticle dispersion with a concentration of 1-10 wt%. Subsequently, a low surface energy resin and a curing agent are added to the nanoparticle dispersion, followed by treatment under ultrasonic conditions in an ice-water bath for 10-60 min to obtain the composite anti-icing coating. The low surface energy resin is one or more of fluorinated polyurethane, fluorinated epoxy resin, and polydimethylsiloxane. The particle size of the silica nanoparticles is 20-200 nm. The organic solvent is n-hexane or ethanol. The mass ratio of the low surface energy resin to the silica nanoparticles is 100:(5-30).

[0025] In some embodiments, before adding the low surface energy resin and curing agent to the nanoparticle dispersion, the method further includes dispersing Fe3O4 in the nanoparticle dispersion, wherein the amount of Fe3O4 added is 5-10 wt% of the organic solvent. Fe3O4 is a magnetic material that can generate eddy current heat under the action of an external magnetic field, thereby assisting the heating layer in raising the surface temperature of the blade and shortening the de-icing time.

[0026] In some embodiments, before adding the low surface energy resin and curing agent to the nanoparticle dispersion, MXene nanosheets are further added to the nanoparticle dispersion, wherein the amount of MXene nanosheets added is 2-3 wt% of the mass of the organic solvent; the MXene nanosheets are preferably Ti3C2T. X Nanosheets. The addition of MXene nanosheets can further reduce energy loss.

[0027] This specific embodiment also proposes a composite ice-repellent coating, which is prepared by the above-described method.

[0028] This specific embodiment also proposes a blade de-icing structure, which includes, from top to bottom, a surface anti-icing layer, a heating layer, a heat conduction layer, and a structural layer. The surface anti-icing layer reduces the initial amount of icing by thinning the ice; the heating layer provides active heating to melt the already iced layer; the heat conduction layer evenly transfers the heat from the heating layer to the surface to avoid local overheating; and the structural layer provides mechanical support to ensure the overall structure's resistance to wind loads and vibration.

[0029] In some embodiments, the surface anti-icing layer is made of the aforementioned composite anti-icing coating; the heating layer is formed by interlacing orthogonally woven carbon fiber cloth 21 to form a heating mesh layer with a mesh density of 5-20 lines / cm. 2 The heating layer, located at the very tip of the blade, has a higher mesh density than other areas. Orthogonal weaving refers to two carbon fiber cloths 21 laid at a 90-degree angle to form a mesh-like heating layer, ensuring uniform heating. The orthogonally woven (90° cross) carbon fiber cloth 21 heating layer has a high degree of adhesion to the blade structure, can withstand the centrifugal force during high-speed blade rotation, and prevents the heating layer from detaching; simultaneously, the carbon fiber cloth 21 has a high thermal conductivity, resulting in a fast heating response.

[0030] In some embodiments, the surface anti-icing layer is a surface anti-icing layer with a micron-sized protrusion structure; the micron-sized protrusion structure is obtained by the following steps: filling the above-mentioned composite anti-icing coating into a mold having a micron-sized periodic groove array, then coating the mold filled with the composite anti-icing coating onto a heating layer and applying pressure, then removing the mold, and then performing a curing process to form the surface anti-icing layer with the micron-sized protrusion structure. The micron-sized protrusion structure can reduce the contact area between the ice layer and the coating, further reducing the ice adhesion strength.

[0031] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0032] In this invention, the terms "some embodiments," "this embodiment," and examples are used to describe a subset of all possible embodiments. However, it is understood that "some embodiments" can be the same subset or different subsets of all possible embodiments and can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0033] If the application documents contain similar descriptions such as "first / second", the following explanation shall be added: In the following description, the terms "first / second / third" are used only to distinguish similar objects and do not represent a specific ordering of objects. It is understood that "first / second / third" may be interchanged in a specific order or sequence where permitted, so that the embodiments described herein can be implemented in an order other than that illustrated or described herein.

[0034] In this embodiment, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, object A and / or object B can represent three situations: object A exists alone, object A and object B exist simultaneously, and object B exists alone.

[0035] The following describes embodiments of this application. The embodiments described below are exemplary and are only used to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application. Where specific techniques or conditions are not specified in the embodiments, they are performed according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in this field or according to the product instructions. Reagents or instruments used, unless otherwise specified, are all conventional products that can be obtained commercially.

[0036] In the following embodiments, the mold with a micron-scale periodic groove array is formed by the following steps: an aluminum alloy substrate is sequentially sanded, ultrasonically cleaned with ethanol and acetone to remove surface oil and oxides, and dried with nitrogen to obtain a clean and dry surface to be coated; a micron-scale structure template is prepared and fixed (a replica of the sharkskin groove structure); a micron-scale periodic groove array similar to the sharkskin rib-like groove structure is processed on the aluminum alloy substrate using laser engraving technology; the width of the groove is 10-20 μm, the depth is 45-50 μm, and the spacing is 10-20 μm.

[0037] In the following embodiments, the heat-conducting layer is derived from the prior art and is formed from graphene-modified epoxy resin, while the structural layer is derived from the prior art and is a carbon fiber main beam.

[0038] The blade de-icing structure in the following embodiments is formed using existing technology, specifically including pre-embedding a heating layer, then molding the heating layer, heat conduction layer and structural layer in one step using vacuum-assisted resin injection (VARTM) to avoid delamination defects, and then further forming a surface anti-icing layer.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] This embodiment proposes a method for preparing a composite anti-icing coating. Silica nanoparticles are dispersed in the organic solvent n-hexane to form a nanoparticle dispersion with a concentration of 5 wt%. Subsequently, fluorinated polyurethane and an isocyanate curing agent are added to the nanoparticle dispersion, followed by treatment under ultrasonic conditions in an ice-water bath for 30 minutes to obtain the composite anti-icing coating. The particle size of the silica nanoparticles is 50-150 nm. The mass ratio of the low surface energy resin to the silica nanoparticles is 100:20, and the amount of isocyanate curing agent added is 10% of the mass of the fluorinated polyurethane.

[0041] Combination Figure 1-2 This embodiment also proposes a blade de-icing structure, which, from top to bottom, includes a surface anti-icing layer 1, a heating layer 2, a heat conduction layer 3, and a structural layer 4; the surface anti-icing layer 1 is made of the aforementioned composite anti-icing coating; the heating layer 2 is formed by orthogonally woven carbon fiber cloth 21 interlacing to form a heating mesh layer, with a mesh density of 5-20 lines / cm. 2 The heating layer 2, located at the foremost tip 511 of the blade, has a grid density of 25 lines / cm. 2 The grid density of the heating layer 2 in other areas of the blade tip 51 is 10 lines / cm. 2 The heating layer 2 located at the rear end 52 of the blade has a grid density of 20 lines / cm. 2 The surface anti-icing layer 1 is a surface anti-icing layer 1 with a micron-sized protrusion structure. The micron-sized protrusion structure is obtained by the following steps: filling the above-mentioned composite anti-icing coating into a mold with a micron-sized periodic groove array, then coating the mold filled with the composite anti-icing coating onto the heating layer 2 and applying pressure, then removing the mold, and then performing ultraviolet curing treatment to form the surface anti-icing layer 1 with a micron-sized protrusion structure.

[0042] Example 2

[0043] This embodiment proposes a method for preparing a composite anti-icing coating. Silica nanoparticles are dispersed in the organic solvent n-hexane to form a nanoparticle dispersion with a concentration of 2 wt%. Subsequently, fluorinated epoxy resin and an isocyanate curing agent are added to the nanoparticle dispersion, followed by treatment under ultrasonication and an ice-water bath for 10 minutes to obtain the composite anti-icing coating. The particle size of the silica nanoparticles is 30-180 nm. The mass ratio of the low surface energy resin to the silica nanoparticles is 100:30, and the amount of isocyanate curing agent added is 10% of the mass of the fluorinated polyurethane.

[0044] Combination Figure 1-2 This embodiment also proposes a blade de-icing structure, which, from top to bottom, includes a surface anti-icing layer 1, a heating layer 2, a heat conduction layer 3, and a structural layer 4; the surface anti-icing layer 1 is made of the aforementioned composite anti-icing coating; the heating layer 2 is formed by orthogonally woven carbon fiber cloth 21 interlacing to form a heating mesh layer, with a mesh density of 5-20 lines / cm. 2 The heating layer 2, located at the foremost tip 511 of the blade, has a grid density of 25 lines / cm. 2 The grid density of the heating layer 2 in other areas of the blade tip 51 is 15 lines / cm. 2 The heating layer 2 located at the rear end 52 of the blade has a grid density of 20 lines / cm. 2 The surface anti-icing layer 1 is a surface anti-icing layer 1 with a micron-sized protrusion structure. The micron-sized protrusion structure is obtained by the following steps: filling the above-mentioned composite anti-icing coating into a mold with a micron-sized periodic groove array, then coating the mold filled with the composite anti-icing coating onto the heating layer 2 and applying pressure, then removing the mold, and then performing ultraviolet curing treatment to form the surface anti-icing layer 1 with a micron-sized protrusion structure.

[0045] Example 3

[0046] This embodiment proposes a method for preparing a composite anti-icing coating. Silica nanoparticles are dispersed in the organic solvent ethanol to form a nanoparticle dispersion with a concentration of 10 wt%. Subsequently, polydimethylsiloxane and methyltriethoxysilane curing agents are added to the nanoparticle dispersion, followed by treatment under ultrasonication and an ice-water bath for 60 min to obtain the composite anti-icing coating. The particle size of the silica nanoparticles is 20-200 nm; the mass ratio of the low surface energy resin to the silica nanoparticles is 100:10; and the amount of methyltriethoxysilane curing agent added is 10% of the mass of the fluorinated polyurethane.

[0047] Combination Figure 1-2This embodiment also proposes a blade de-icing structure, which, from top to bottom, includes a surface anti-icing layer 1, a heating layer 2, a heat conduction layer 3, and a structural layer 4; the surface anti-icing layer 1 is made of the aforementioned composite anti-icing coating; the heating layer 2 is formed by orthogonally woven carbon fiber cloth 21 interlacing to form a heating mesh layer, with a mesh density of 5-20 lines / cm. 2 The heating layer 2, located at the foremost tip 511 of the blade, has a grid density of 25 lines / cm. 2 The grid density of the heating layer 2 in other areas of the blade tip 51 is 10 lines / cm. 2 The heating layer 2 located at the rear end 52 of the blade has a grid density of 22 lines / cm. 2 The surface anti-icing layer 1 is a surface anti-icing layer 1 with a micron-sized protrusion structure. The micron-sized protrusion structure is obtained by the following steps: filling the above-mentioned composite anti-icing coating into a mold with a micron-sized periodic groove array, then coating the mold filled with the composite anti-icing coating onto the heating layer 2 and applying pressure, then removing the mold, and then performing ultraviolet curing treatment to form the surface anti-icing layer 1 with a micron-sized protrusion structure.

[0048] Example 4

[0049] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the preparation method of the composite ice-repellent coating further includes the addition of Fe3O4. Specifically, this embodiment proposes a preparation method for the composite ice-repellent coating, in which silica nanoparticles are dispersed in the organic solvent n-hexane to form a nanoparticle dispersion with a concentration of 5 wt%; Fe3O4 is dispersed in the nanoparticle dispersion, wherein the amount of Fe3O4 added is 8 wt% of the mass of the organic solvent n-hexane; subsequently, fluorinated polyurethane and isocyanate curing agent are added to the nanoparticle dispersion, and then the mixture is treated under an ice-water bath under ultrasonic action for 30 min to obtain the composite ice-repellent coating; the particle size of the silica nanoparticles is 50-150 nm; the mass ratio of the low surface energy resin to the silica nanoparticles is 100:20, and the amount of isocyanate curing agent added is 10% of the mass of the fluorinated polyurethane.

[0050] The blade de-icing structure in this embodiment is the same as that in Embodiment 1.

[0051] Example 5

[0052] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 4 is that the preparation method of the composite ice-repellent coating also includes adding Ti3C2T. X Specifically, this embodiment proposes a method for preparing a composite anti-icing coating, in which silica nanoparticles are dispersed in the organic solvent n-hexane to form a nanoparticle dispersion with a concentration of 5 wt%; Fe3O4 and Ti3C2T are then used... XThe nanosheets are dispersed in the nanoparticle dispersion, and the amount of Fe3O4 added is 8 wt% of the mass of the organic solvent n-hexane. X The amount of nanosheets added is 2 wt% of the mass of the organic solvent n-hexane. Subsequently, fluorinated polyurethane and isocyanate curing agent are added to the nanoparticle dispersion. Then, the mixture is treated under ultrasonication and ice-water bath conditions for 30 min to obtain a composite ice-repellent coating. The particle size of the silica nanoparticles is 50-150 nm. The mass ratio of the low surface energy resin to the silica nanoparticles is 100:20, and the amount of isocyanate curing agent added is 10% of the mass of the fluorinated polyurethane.

[0053] The blade de-icing structure in this embodiment is the same as that in Embodiment 1.

[0054] Comparative Example 1

[0055] The blade de-icing structure in this comparative example differs from that in Example 1 in that it does not include a surface anti-icing layer; the other structures are the same as in Example 1. Specifically, this comparative example also proposes a blade de-icing structure, which, from top to bottom, includes a heating layer, a heat conduction layer, and a structural layer. The heating layer is formed by orthogonally woven carbon fiber cloth interlacing to form a heating mesh layer, with a mesh density of 5-20 lines / cm. 2 The heating layer 2, located at the foremost tip 511 of the blade, has a grid density of 25 lines / cm. 2 The grid density of the heating layer 2 in other areas of the blade tip 51 is 10 lines / cm. 2 The heating layer 2 located at the rear end 52 of the blade has a grid density of 22 lines / cm. 2 .

[0056] The blade de-icing structures proposed in Examples 1-5 and Comparative Example 1 were subjected to relevant performance tests, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0057] Table 1 Performance test results of the blade de-icing structures of Examples 1-5 and Comparative Example 1

[0058] As can be seen from Table 1, the blade de-icing structure proposed in this invention has excellent de-icing effect and low energy consumption.

[0059] The specific embodiments of the present invention described above do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of the present invention. Any other corresponding changes and modifications made in accordance with the technical concept of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a composite ice-repellent coating, characterized in that, Silica nanoparticles are dispersed in an organic solvent to form a nanoparticle dispersion with a concentration of 1-10 wt%. Subsequently, a low surface energy resin and a curing agent were added to the nanoparticle dispersion, and then the mixture was treated under ultrasonic conditions in an ice-water bath to obtain a composite ice-repellent coating.

2. The method for preparing the composite ice-repellent coating according to claim 1, characterized in that, The low surface energy resin is one or more of fluorinated polyurethane, fluorinated epoxy resin and polydimethylsiloxane; and / or, the treatment time under ice-water bath conditions is 10-60 min; and / or, the particle size of the silica nanoparticles is 20-200 nm; and / or, the organic solvent is n-hexane or ethanol; and / or the mass ratio of the low surface energy resin to the silica nanoparticles is 100:(5-30).

3. The method for preparing the composite ice-repellent coating according to claim 1, characterized in that, Before adding the low surface energy resin and curing agent to the nanoparticle dispersion, the process further includes dispersing Fe3O4 in the nanoparticle dispersion.

4. The method for preparing the composite ice-repellent coating according to claim 3, characterized in that, The amount of Fe3O4 added is 5-10 wt% of the mass of the organic solvent.

5. The method for preparing the composite ice-repellent coating according to claim 3, characterized in that, Before adding the low surface energy resin and curing agent to the nanoparticle dispersion, the method further includes adding MXene nanosheets to the nanoparticle dispersion, wherein the amount of MXene nanosheets added is 2-3 wt% of the mass of the organic solvent.

6. A composite ice-repellent coating, characterized in that, It is prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1-5.

7. A blade de-icing structure, characterized in that, From top to bottom, it includes a surface anti-icing layer, a heating layer, a heat conduction layer, and a structural layer; the material of the surface anti-icing layer is the composite anti-icing coating as described in claim 6.

8. The blade de-icing structure according to claim 7, characterized in that, The heating layer is formed by interlacing orthogonally woven carbon fiber cloth to create a heating mesh layer with a mesh density of 5-20 lines / cm. 2 The heating layer located at the foremost tip of the blade has a higher grid density than other areas of the heating layer.

9. The blade de-icing structure according to claim 7, characterized in that, The surface anti-icing layer is a surface anti-icing layer with a micron-sized protrusion structure.

10. The blade de-icing structure according to claim 9, characterized in that, The micron-sized protrusion structure is obtained by the following steps: filling a mold with a micron-sized periodic groove array with the composite anti-icing coating of claim 6, then coating the mold filled with the composite anti-icing coating onto a heating layer and applying pressure, then removing the mold, and then performing a curing process to form a surface anti-icing layer with a micron-sized protrusion structure.

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