Crop rotation planting method for feed triticale and silage corn

Abstract

The invention discloses a crop rotation planting method for overwintering feed triticale and silage corn. The crop rotation planting method comprises the following steps: S1, sowing the silage corn; s2, irrigation of the silage corn; s3, harvesting the silage corn; s4, sowing of the feed triticale; s5, management in the wintering period; s6, topdressing in the jointing stage of the feed triticale; and S7, harvesting the feed triticale. The feed triticale and the silage corn are matched, planting crops for rotation are precisely linked, efficient production of two crops of forage grass in one year is achieved, and the yield and quality of the forage grass in unit area are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of triticale and silage corn rotation planting technology, specifically to a method for rotating forage triticale and silage corn. Background Technology

[0002] In the agricultural sector, crop rotation techniques for forage crops are crucial for improving land utilization and ensuring feed supply. Inner Mongolia, a major livestock-producing region, experiences a continuously growing demand for high-quality forage. Currently, the main problems in forage crop cultivation in this region are as follows: (i) Insufficient utilization of land resources. Under the traditional planting model, land is often left idle after the harvest of silage corn, especially in areas with a frost-free period of >130 days and an accumulated temperature of ≥10℃ of over 2800℃. There is still a certain growth cycle after the autumn harvest and before overwintering that is not effectively utilized. This not only wastes land resources, but also limits the output of forage per unit area.

[0003] (II) Variety adaptability and crop rotation issues 1. Limitations in Variety Selection: In the existing crop rotation system, there is a lack of systematic consideration in the variety matching of silage corn and subsequent crops. Some silage corn varieties have a late harvest period, which leads to a tight sowing time for subsequent forage crops; if the forage triticale varieties are not cold-resistant enough, they will have difficulty overwintering safely in low-temperature environments below -25℃, affecting the yield of the following year. 2. Loose crop rotation: Traditional planting methods do not clearly specify the sowing time of rye for feed after the harvest of silage corn. Often, the optimal growth period is missed due to delayed sowing, resulting in insufficient crop growth cycle and reduced vegetative yield. (iii) Low level of standardization in planting and management techniques Outdated land preparation and sowing techniques: Traditional land preparation methods have not been optimized in accordance with crop rotation requirements. For example, the stubble of silage corn has not been leveled, which affects the sowing quality of the subsequent forage triticale. In addition, there are problems with the inaccurate control of sowing depth, row spacing and plant spacing during the sowing process, resulting in low emergence rate and unreasonable population structure. (iv) Inefficient water and fertilizer management: Existing technologies lack precise water and fertilizer regulation schemes for crop rotation systems. Improper control of the amount of topdressing and irrigation timing for silage corn from the jointing stage to the large trumpet stage and forage triticale from the greening stage to the jointing stage can easily lead to fertilizer waste, low water resource utilization, or affect crop growth due to insufficient water and fertilizer. (v) Harvest timing and utilization efficiency In traditional crop rotation patterns, there is a lack of clear standards for the harvesting time of forage triticale. Harvesting too early or too late will affect the nutritional value and yield of hay. If harvesting is not done during the milk stage to the early waxy stage, the crude fiber content of the forage may increase and the protein content may decrease, which does not meet the requirements of high-quality feed for livestock. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for crop rotation of forage triticale and silage corn.

[0005] The objective of this invention is achieved by the following technical solution: a method for rotating winter forage triticale with silage corn, comprising the following steps: S1: Sowing of Silage Corn Silage corn is sown in April and May using machine-planted seedbeds. The sowing depth is 5-6 cm, the row spacing is 50 cm, the plant spacing is 22-27 cm, and the seeding rate is 80,000-90,000 seeds / hm². 2 Simultaneously, apply 200–300 kg / hm² of diammonium phosphate. 2 ; S2: Irrigation of silage corn Irrigate after sowing silage corn, during the jointing stage, the large trumpet stage, and the tasseling-silking stage to keep the field water holding capacity above 70%. S3: Harvesting Silage Corn Harvest silage corn in August or September when the milk line is at 1 / 2 to 3 / 4 of the kernels. After harvesting, spread high-quality farmyard manure evenly and then prepare the land. S4: Sowing of feed triticale Forage triticale is coated with a coating agent to obtain forage triticale coated seeds. Forage triticale is sown within one week after the harvest and land preparation of silage corn. Machine-sown triticale is used in rows at a depth of 3–4 cm, a row spacing of 15–20 cm, and a seeding rate of 150–180 kg / hm². 2 At the same time, apply potassium dihydrogen phosphate compound fertilizer at a rate of 100–150 kg / hm². 2 After sowing, compact the soil promptly. S5: Overwintering Management Humidity sensors were installed 5-10 cm below the ground between the rows of forage triticale and soil moisture was monitored when the surface air temperature at 5-6 cm reached 0°C. When the humidity sensor detected soil moisture below 40%, irrigation was carried out using an irrigation system consisting of drip irrigation tape and micro-sprinkler nozzles. Irrigation was stopped when the humidity sensor detected soil moisture at 60-65%. S6: Topdressing of feed triticale at the jointing stage When the forage triticale enters the jointing stage, apply urea at a rate of 10–20 kg / hm². 2 ; S7: Harvest of feed triticale After sowing triticale, harvest it in May or June when it is in the milk stage to the early wax stage, leaving a stubble height of 5-8 cm.

[0006] Furthermore, in step S4, the coating agent comprises 8-10 parts of attapulgite, 14-16 parts of chitosan, 4-8 parts of ammonium molybdate, 1-3 parts of sodium alginate, 8-10 parts of potassium nitrate, 7-9 parts of ammonium nitrate, 6-8 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1-3 parts of trace element additives, 3-5 parts of solubilizer, 1-3 parts of insecticide, 1-3 parts of bactericide, 5-7 parts of antifreeze, and 20-30 parts of water; wherein the antifreeze is ethylene glycol or propylene glycol.

[0007] Furthermore, the coating process for feed rye is as follows: S4-1: Add water to the reactor, turn on the stirrer, and control the stirring speed at 200-300 r / min. Add potassium nitrate, ammonium nitrate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate in sequence, and stir until completely dissolved to form a first solution with a solid-liquid ratio of 1:5. S4-2: Slowly add ammonium molybdate and trace element additives to the first solution, and continue stirring for 15-20 minutes to ensure that these components are fully dissolved and evenly dispersed; then, add solubilizer and stir for 10-15 minutes to form the second solution; S4-3: Add chitosan and sodium alginate to the reaction vessel and stir for 20-30 minutes to form a colloidal solution with certain viscosity and protection; then add insecticide and fungicide and stir for 15-20 minutes to form a third solution; S4-4: Add the antifreeze to the reactor and stir for 10-15 minutes. Then gradually add the attapulgite to the reactor and increase the stirring speed to 300-400 r / min. Stir for 30-40 minutes to form a coating agent suspension. S4-5: Add triticale seeds and coating agent suspension to the coating agent at a ratio of 1:0.5 to 1 to make coated granules, and then dry them naturally in an environment of 20-25℃ for 6-8 hours to obtain coated triticale seeds for feed.

[0008] Furthermore, in S5, the spacing between the drip irrigation tapes is 40-50cm, and the spacing between the drip irrigation holes on the drip irrigation tapes is 15-20cm; the micro-sprinkler nozzles are arranged 30-40cm above the drip irrigation tapes, and the micro-sprinkler nozzles are arranged alternately with the drip irrigation tapes.

[0009] Furthermore, in S5, 15–20 kg / hm² of nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is applied during irrigation. 2 .

[0010] Furthermore, in S3, farmyard manure is well-rotted livestock manure, with an application rate of 2000-3000 kg per acre, which is spread evenly on the plot by manual or mechanical means to ensure that the distribution error per square meter does not exceed 5%.

[0011] Furthermore, in S3, the specific process of land preparation is as follows: First, deep tillage machinery is used to till the soil to a depth of 25cm to 30cm to mix the topsoil with the subsoil and to turn the fertilizer into the deep layer. During tillage, the tillage depth is kept consistent and the adjacent tillage widths overlap by 5cm to 10cm. After tillage, a rotary tiller is used to further break up the soil clods to a depth of 15cm to 20cm. Then, a disc harrow or spiked harrow is used to harrow and grind the soil to a depth of 8cm to 10cm to level the land and retain moisture. Finally, a wooden or iron harrow is used to harrow the soil evenly.

[0012] Furthermore, in step S2, before irrigation at the jointing stage when the corn has 6-7 leaves, a top dressing of urea at 150-225 kg / hm² is applied. 2 Before irrigation during the corn's large trumpet stage, apply 225–300 kg / hm² of urea as a top dressing. 2 .

[0013] Advantages of this invention: Rotating forage triticale with silage corn can shorten land fallow periods and improve land utilization. Combining triticale seed coating with drip irrigation and micro-sprinkler irrigation can improve triticale survival rates. Specifically, the triticale is coated with an antifreeze agent, which lowers the freezing point of the seed cell solution by 2-5°C and reduces ice crystal formation by approximately 30-40%. This significantly reduces the damage to seeds from low temperatures and substantially improves the overwintering survival rate of forage triticale seeds. Insecticides are also added to the coating to reduce pest and disease rates. Simultaneously, the coating agent uses biodegradable polymers (chitosan, sodium alginate, etc.) with excellent moisture retention and breathability to form a uniform and high-performance multi-layered protective film on the seed surface, maintaining internal seed moisture, ensuring normal respiration in the soil, further enhancing stress resistance, and further improving the germination rate of triticale. After the silage corn harvest, farmyard manure was added during land preparation to replenish soil nutrients and ensure sustainability. To guarantee the quality of subsequent forage triticale sowing, land preparation was also carried out promptly after the silage corn harvest, ensuring the land achieved the necessary levelness and looseness for sowing. During the wintering period, a combination of drip irrigation and micro-sprinkler irrigation was used. Drip irrigation met the water absorption needs of the forage triticale roots while avoiding localized over- or under-watering. Micro-sprinkler irrigation focused on moistening the soil surface and leaves, creating a favorable moisture and humidity environment for forage triticale growth and promoting healthy plant growth. The combination of these two irrigation methods effectively prevented soil compaction and cracking caused by flood irrigation, creating a favorable soil environment for forage triticale root growth, promoting root nutrient absorption, and improving the overall growth quality of the plants. Silage corn should be harvested when the milk line is at 1 / 2 to 3 / 4 of the kernel. Forage triticale should be harvested as hay during the milk stage to the early wax stage to ensure maximum nutrient content. Detailed Implementation

[0014] A crop rotation method for feed triticale and silage maize includes the following steps: S1: Sowing of Silage Corn Silage corn is sown in April and May using machine-planted seedbeds. The sowing depth is 5-6 cm, the row spacing is 50 cm, the plant spacing is 22-27 cm, and the seeding rate is 80,000-90,000 seeds / hm². 2 Simultaneously, apply 200–300 kg / hm² of diammonium phosphate. 2 ; S2: Irrigation of silage corn Irrigation should be carried out after sowing of silage corn, during the jointing stage, the large trumpet stage, and the tasseling-silking stage, so that the field water holding capacity is higher than 70%; in S2, before irrigation at the jointing stage when the corn has 6-7 leaves, top-dress with urea at 150-225 kg / hm. 2 Before irrigation during the corn's large trumpet stage, apply 225–300 kg / hm² of urea as a top dressing. 2 .

[0015] S3: Harvesting Silage Corn Harvest silage corn in August or September when the milk line is at 1 / 2 to 3 / 4 of the kernels. After harvesting, spread high-quality farmyard manure evenly and then prepare the land. In S3, farmyard manure is well-rotted livestock manure, with an application rate of 2000-3000 kg per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares). It is spread evenly on the plot by hand or machine, ensuring that the distribution error per square meter does not exceed 5%.

[0016] In S3, the specific process of land preparation is as follows: First, deep tillage machinery is used to till the soil to a depth of 25cm to 30cm to mix the topsoil with the subsoil and to turn the fertilizer into the deep layer. During tillage, the tillage depth is kept consistent and the adjacent tillage widths overlap by 5cm to 10cm. After tillage, a rotary tiller is used to further break up the soil clods to a depth of 15cm to 20cm. Then, a disc harrow or spiked harrow is used to harrow the soil to a depth of 8cm to 10cm to level the land and retain moisture. Finally, a wooden or iron harrow is used to harrow the soil evenly.

[0017] S4: Sowing of feed triticale Forage triticale is coated with a coating agent to obtain forage triticale coated seeds. Forage triticale is sown within one week after the harvest and land preparation of silage corn. Machine-sown triticale is used in rows at a depth of 3–4 cm, a row spacing of 15–20 cm, and a seeding rate of 150–180 kg / hm². 2 At the same time, apply potassium dihydrogen phosphate compound fertilizer at a rate of 100–150 kg / hm². 2 After sowing, compact the soil promptly. In step S4, the coating agent comprises 8-10 parts of attapulgite, 14-16 parts of chitosan, 4-8 parts of ammonium molybdate, 1-3 parts of sodium alginate, 8-10 parts of potassium nitrate, 7-9 parts of ammonium nitrate, 6-8 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1-3 parts of trace element additives, 3-5 parts of solubilizer, 1-3 parts of insecticide, 1-3 parts of bactericide, 5-7 parts of antifreeze agent, and 20-30 parts of water; wherein the antifreeze agent is ethylene glycol or propylene glycol.

[0018] The process of coating feed ryegrass with a coating agent is as follows: S4-1: Add water to the reactor, turn on the stirrer, and control the stirring speed at 200-300 r / min. Add potassium nitrate, ammonium nitrate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate in sequence, and stir until completely dissolved to form a first solution with a solid-liquid ratio of 1:5. S4-2: Slowly add ammonium molybdate and trace element additives to the first solution, and continue stirring for 15-20 minutes to ensure that these components are fully dissolved and evenly dispersed; then, add solubilizer and stir for 10-15 minutes to form the second solution; S4-3: Add chitosan and sodium alginate to the reaction vessel and stir for 20-30 minutes to form a colloidal solution with certain viscosity and protection; then add insecticide and fungicide and stir for 15-20 minutes to form a third solution; S4-4: Add the antifreeze to the reactor and stir for 10-15 minutes. Then gradually add the attapulgite clay to the reactor, increase the stirring speed to 300-400 r / min, and stir for 30-40 minutes to form a coating agent suspension. S4-5: Add triticale seeds and coating agent suspension to the coating agent at a ratio of 1:0.5 to 1 to make coated granules, and then dry them naturally at 20 to 25°C for 6 to 8 hours to obtain coated triticale seeds for feed.

[0019] S5: Overwintering Management Humidity sensors were installed 5-10 cm below the ground between the rows of forage triticale and soil moisture was monitored when the surface air temperature at 5-6 cm reached 0°C. When the humidity sensor detected soil moisture below 40%, irrigation was carried out using an irrigation system consisting of drip irrigation tape and micro-sprinkler nozzles. Irrigation was stopped when the humidity sensor detected soil moisture at 60-65%. In S5, the spacing between drip irrigation tapes is 40-50cm, and the spacing between drip irrigation holes on the drip irrigation tapes is 15-20cm; the micro-sprinkler nozzles are arranged 30-40cm above the drip irrigation tapes, and the micro-sprinkler nozzles and drip irrigation tapes are arranged alternately.

[0020] In S5, apply 15–20 kg / hm² of nitrate nitrogen fertilizer during irrigation. 2 .

[0021] S6: Topdressing of feed triticale at the jointing stage When the forage triticale enters the jointing stage, apply urea at a rate of 10–20 kg / hm². 2 ; S7: Harvest of feed triticale After sowing triticale, harvest it in May or June when it is in the milk stage to the early wax stage, leaving a stubble height of 5-8 cm.

[0022] Test Site 1: The Hohhot urban experimental zone (within the Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences) (N40°78', E111°68') has a temperate continental climate. Winters are long and cold with little snow; summers are short and warm with concentrated rainfall; springs are dry and windy; and autumns are sunny, cool, and short. There are large daily and annual temperature ranges, with dramatic temperature fluctuations. The annual sunshine duration is 1600 hours, the average annual temperature is 6.7℃, the frost-free period is 130 days, and the average annual precipitation is 400 mm. The climate is dry.

[0023] To verify the practical effect of the technical solution of this invention, a control experiment was conducted in the area when planting forage triticale and silage corn in rotation. The experimental field adopted the technical solution of this invention, and all influencing factors were basically controlled within the same range. The forage triticale seeds and silage corn seeds used in the control field were the same as those of this invention, and the planting method was as follows: S1: Sowing of feed triticale Forage triticale is coated with a coating agent to obtain forage triticale coated seeds. Forage triticale is sown within one week after the harvest of the previous crop of silage corn and land preparation. Machine-sown triticale is used in rows at a depth of 3–4 cm, a row spacing of 15–20 cm, and a seeding rate of 150–180 kg / hm². 2 At the same time, apply potassium dihydrogen phosphate compound fertilizer at a rate of 100–150 kg / hm². 2 After sowing, compact the soil promptly. In step S1, the coating agent comprises 8-10 parts attapulgite, 14-16 parts chitosan, 4-8 parts ammonium molybdate, 8-10 parts potassium nitrate, 7-9 parts ammonium nitrate, 6-8 parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1-3 parts trace element additives, 1-3 parts insecticide, 1-3 parts fungicide, and 20-30 parts water. The coating process for feed rye is as follows: S1-1: Add water to the reaction vessel, turn on the stirrer, and control the stirring speed at 200-300 r / min. Add potassium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate in sequence, and stir until completely dissolved to form a first solution containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other macro-elements with a solid-liquid ratio of 1:3. S1-2: Slowly add ammonium molybdate and trace element additives to the first solution, and continue stirring for 15-20 minutes to fully dissolve and evenly disperse these components to form the second solution; S1-3: Add chitosan to the reaction vessel and stir for 20-30 minutes to form a colloidal solution with a certain viscosity and protective properties; then, add insecticide and fungicide and stir for 15-20 minutes to ensure that the agents are evenly distributed in the solution, providing protection against diseases and pests for the seeds and forming a coating agent suspension; S1-4: Add triticale seeds and coating agent suspension to the coating agent at a ratio of 1:0.5 to 1 to make coated granules, and then dry them naturally at 20 to 25°C for 6 to 8 hours to obtain coated triticale seeds for feed.

[0024] S2: Overwintering Management Humidity sensors were installed 5–10 cm below the soil surface between rows of forage triticale. Soil moisture was monitored using humidity sensors when the surface air temperature at 5–6 cm depth reached 0°C. When the humidity sensors detected soil moisture below 40%, irrigation was carried out using an irrigation system consisting of drip irrigation tape and micro-sprinklers, with 15–20 kg / hm² of nitrate nitrogen fertilizer applied during irrigation. 2 Irrigation should be stopped when the humidity sensor detects that the soil moisture has reached 60-65%. S3: Topdressing of feed triticale at the jointing stage When the forage triticale enters the jointing stage, apply urea at a rate of 10–20 kg / hm². 2 ; S4: Sowing of Silage Corn Silage corn is sown in April and May using machine-planted seedbeds at a depth of 5-6 cm, with a row spacing of 50 cm and a plant spacing of 22-27 cm. The seeding rate is 80,000-90,000 seeds / hm². Simultaneously, 200-300 kg / hm² of diammonium phosphate is applied. 2 ; S5: Harvest of feed triticale After sowing triticale, harvest it in May or June when it is in the milk stage to the early wax stage, leaving a stubble height of 5-8 cm. S6: Irrigation of Silage Corn Irrigate after sowing silage corn, during the jointing stage, the large trumpet stage, and the tasseling-silking stage, so that the field water holding capacity is higher than 70%.

[0025] S7: Harvesting Silage Corn Harvest silage corn in August or September when the milk line is at 1 / 2 to 3 / 4 of the kernels. After harvesting, spread high-quality farmyard manure evenly and then prepare the land.

[0026] In S7, farmyard manure is well-rotted livestock excrement, with an application rate of 2000-3000 kg per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares). It is spread evenly on the plot by hand or machine, ensuring that the distribution error per square meter does not exceed 5%.

[0027] In S7, the specific process of land preparation is as follows: First, deep tillage machinery is used to till the soil to a depth of 25cm to 30cm to mix the topsoil with the subsoil and to turn the fertilizer into the deep layer. During tillage, the tillage depth is kept consistent and the adjacent tillage widths overlap by 5cm to 10cm. After tillage, a rotary tiller is used to further break up the soil clods to a depth of 15cm to 20cm. Then, a disc harrow or spiked harrow is used to harrow the soil to a depth of 8cm to 10cm to level the land and retain moisture. Finally, a wooden or iron harrow is used to harrow the soil evenly.

[0028] Test Site 2: The Horinger County Experimental Zone is located in Yijia Village, Shengle Town, Horinger County. The eastern and southern parts are the Manhan Mountain area, while the western and northern parts are the Tumote Plain. It has a temperate continental monsoon climate, characterized by drought, wind, cold, abundant sunshine, large temperature differences, long and cold winters, and short and warm summers. The average annual temperature is 5.5℃~6.2℃, the average annual frost-free period is 120~150 days, the average annual sunshine duration is 2900 hours, the period with temperatures above 0℃ is 233 days, and the average annual precipitation is 375~415mm, mainly concentrated in June to August.

[0029] To verify the practical effect of the technical solution of this invention, a control experiment was conducted in the area when planting forage triticale and silage corn in rotation. The experimental field adopted the technical solution of this invention, and all influencing factors were basically controlled within the same range. The forage triticale seeds and silage corn seeds used in the control field were the same as those of this invention, and the planting method was as follows: S1: Sowing of Silage Corn Silage corn is sown in April and May using machine-planted seedbeds. The sowing depth is 5-6 cm, the row spacing is 50 cm, the plant spacing is 22-27 cm, and the seeding rate is 80,000-90,000 seeds / hm². 2 Simultaneously, apply 200–300 kg / hm² of diammonium phosphate. 2 ; S2: Irrigation of silage corn Irrigate after sowing silage corn, during the jointing stage, the large trumpet stage, and the tasseling-silking stage to keep the field water holding capacity above 70%. Preferably, before irrigation at the jointing stage when the corn has 6-7 leaves, apply 150-225 kg / hm² of urea as a top dressing. 2 Before irrigation during the corn's large trumpet stage, apply 225–300 kg / hm² of urea as a top dressing. 2 .

[0030] S3: Harvesting Silage Corn Harvest silage corn in August or September when the milk line is at 1 / 2 to 3 / 4 of the kernels. After harvesting the silage corn, land preparation is carried out.

[0031] In S3, the specific process of land preparation is as follows: First, deep tillage machinery is used to till the soil to a depth of 25cm to 30cm to mix the topsoil with the subsoil and to turn the fertilizer into the deep layer. During tillage, the tillage depth is kept consistent and the adjacent tillage widths overlap by 5cm to 10cm. After tillage, a rotary tiller is used to further break up the soil clods to a depth of 15cm to 20cm. Then, a disc harrow or spiked harrow is used to harrow the soil to a depth of 8cm to 10cm to level the land and retain moisture. Finally, a wooden or iron harrow is used to harrow the soil evenly.

[0032] S4: Sowing of feed triticale Forage triticale is coated with a coating agent to obtain forage triticale coated seeds. Forage triticale is sown within one week after the harvest of the previous crop of silage corn and land preparation. Machine-sown triticale is used in rows at a depth of 3–4 cm, a row spacing of 15–20 cm, and a seeding rate of 150–180 kg / hm². 2 At the same time, apply potassium dihydrogen phosphate compound fertilizer at a rate of 100–150 kg / hm². 2 After sowing, compact the soil promptly. In step S4, the coating agent comprises 8-10 parts of attapulgite, 14-16 parts of chitosan, 4-8 parts of ammonium molybdate, 1-3 parts of sodium alginate, 8-10 parts of potassium nitrate, 7-9 parts of ammonium nitrate, 6-8 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1-3 parts of trace element additives, 3-5 parts of solubilizer, 1-3 parts of insecticide, 1-3 parts of bactericide, 5-7 parts of antifreeze agent, and 20-30 parts of water; wherein the antifreeze agent is ethylene glycol or propylene glycol.

[0033] Furthermore, the coating process for feed rye is as follows: S4-1: Add water to the reactor, turn on the stirrer, and control the stirring speed at 200-300 r / min. Add potassium nitrate, ammonium nitrate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate in sequence, and stir until completely dissolved to form a first solution containing a large number of elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium with a solid-liquid ratio of 1:5. S4-2: In the first solution, slowly add ammonium molybdate and trace element additives, and continue stirring for 15-20 minutes to fully dissolve and uniformly disperse these components; then, add solubilizer and stir for 10-15 minutes to enhance the compatibility and dispersibility between the components of the coating agent, forming the second solution; S4-3: Add chitosan and sodium alginate to the reaction vessel and stir for 20-30 minutes to form a colloidal solution with certain viscosity and protection; then add insecticide and fungicide and stir for 15-20 minutes to ensure that the agents are evenly distributed in the solution, providing protection against diseases and pests for the seeds, forming the third solution; S4-4: Add the antifreeze agent (ethylene glycol or propylene glycol) to the reaction vessel and stir for 10-15 minutes to ensure the antifreeze agent is fully incorporated into the coating agent solution, thereby improving the antifreeze performance of the coating agent and enhancing the overwintering ability of forage triticale seeds; then gradually add attapulgite to the reaction vessel, increase the stirring speed to 300-400 r / min, and stir for 30-40 minutes to ensure the attapulgite is evenly dispersed in the solution, forming a coating agent suspension; S4-5: Add triticale seeds and coating agent suspension to the coating agent at a ratio of 1:0.5 to 1 to make coated granules, and then dry them naturally at 20 to 25°C for 6 to 8 hours to obtain coated triticale seeds for feed.

[0034] S5: Overwintering Management Humidity sensors were installed 5–10 cm below the soil surface between rows of forage triticale. Soil moisture was monitored using humidity sensors when the surface air temperature at 5–6 cm depth reached 0°C. When the humidity sensors detected soil moisture below 40%, irrigation was carried out using an irrigation system consisting of drip irrigation tape and micro-sprinklers, with 15–20 kg / hm² of nitrate nitrogen fertilizer applied during irrigation. 2 Irrigation should be stopped when the humidity sensor detects that the soil moisture has reached 60-65%. In S5, the spacing between drip irrigation tapes is 40-50cm, and the spacing between drip irrigation holes on the drip irrigation tapes is 15-20cm; the micro-sprinkler nozzles are arranged 30-40cm above the drip irrigation tapes, and the micro-sprinkler nozzles and drip irrigation tapes are arranged alternately.

[0035] S6: Topdressing of feed triticale at the jointing stage When the forage triticale enters the jointing stage, apply urea at a rate of 10–20 kg / hm². 2 ; S7: Harvest of feed triticale After sowing triticale, harvest it in May or June when it is in the milk stage to the early wax stage, leaving a stubble height of 5-8 cm. Test Site 3: The experimental site is located at the experimental base of the Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Science Research Institute in Ulanqab City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The main soil type is chestnut calcareous soil. It belongs to the mid-temperate semi-arid continental monsoon climate zone, with an altitude of 1367m. The average annual temperature is 2-5℃, and the frost-free period is about 120 days. The average daily temperature above 0℃ lasts for about 193 days per year. The average annual sunshine duration is 3026 hours, the effective accumulated temperature is 2500℃, and the average annual precipitation is 392.37mm.

[0036] To verify the practical effect of the technical solution of this invention, a control experiment was conducted in the area when planting forage triticale and silage corn in rotation. The experimental field adopted the technical solution of this invention, and all influencing factors were basically controlled within the same range. The forage triticale seeds and silage corn seeds used in the control field were the same as those of this invention, and the planting method was as follows: S1: Sowing of Silage Corn Silage corn is sown in April and May using machine-planted seedbeds. The sowing depth is 5-6 cm, the row spacing is 50 cm, the plant spacing is 22-27 cm, and the seeding rate is 80,000-90,000 seeds / hm². 2 Simultaneously, apply 200–300 kg / hm² of diammonium phosphate. 2 ; S2: Irrigation of silage corn Irrigate after sowing silage corn, during the jointing stage, the large trumpet stage, and the tasseling-silking stage to keep the field water holding capacity above 70%. Preferably, before irrigation at the jointing stage when the corn has 6-7 leaves, apply 150-225 kg / hm² of urea as a top dressing. 2 Before irrigation during the corn's large trumpet stage, apply 225–300 kg / hm² of urea as a top dressing. 2 .

[0037] S3: Harvesting Silage Corn Harvest silage corn in August or September when the milk line is at 1 / 2 to 3 / 4 of the kernels. After harvesting, spread high-quality farmyard manure evenly and then prepare the land.

[0038] In S3, farmyard manure is well-rotted livestock manure, with an application rate of 2000-3000 kg per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares). It is spread evenly on the plot by hand or machine, ensuring that the distribution error per square meter does not exceed 5%.

[0039] In S3, the specific process of land preparation is as follows: First, deep tillage machinery is used to till the soil to a depth of 25cm to 30cm to mix the topsoil with the subsoil and to turn the fertilizer into the deep layer. During tillage, the tillage depth is kept consistent and the adjacent tillage widths overlap by 5cm to 10cm. After tillage, a rotary tiller is used to further break up the soil clods to a depth of 15cm to 20cm. Then, a disc harrow or spiked harrow is used to harrow the soil to a depth of 8cm to 10cm to level the land and retain moisture. Finally, a wooden or iron harrow is used to harrow the soil evenly.

[0040] S4: Sowing of feed triticale Forage triticale is coated with a coating agent to obtain forage triticale coated seeds. Forage triticale is sown within one week after the harvest of the previous crop of silage corn and land preparation. Machine-sown triticale is used in rows at a depth of 3–4 cm, a row spacing of 15–20 cm, and a seeding rate of 150–180 kg / hm². 2 At the same time, apply potassium dihydrogen phosphate compound fertilizer at a rate of 100–150 kg / hm². 2 After sowing, compact the soil promptly. In step S4, the coating agent comprises 8-10 parts of attapulgite, 14-16 parts of chitosan, 4-8 parts of ammonium molybdate, 1-3 parts of sodium alginate, 8-10 parts of potassium nitrate, 7-9 parts of ammonium nitrate, 6-8 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1-3 parts of trace element additives, 3-5 parts of solubilizer, 1-3 parts of insecticide, 1-3 parts of bactericide, 5-7 parts of antifreeze agent, and 20-30 parts of water; wherein the antifreeze agent is ethylene glycol or propylene glycol.

[0041] Furthermore, the coating process for feed rye is as follows: S4-1: Add water to the reactor, turn on the stirrer, and control the stirring speed at 200-300 r / min. Add potassium nitrate, ammonium nitrate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate in sequence, and stir until completely dissolved to form a first solution containing a large number of elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium with a solid-liquid ratio of 1:5. S4-2: In the first solution, slowly add ammonium molybdate and trace element additives, and continue stirring for 15-20 minutes to fully dissolve and uniformly disperse these components; then, add solubilizer and stir for 10-15 minutes to enhance the compatibility and dispersibility between the components of the coating agent, forming the second solution; S4-3: Add chitosan and sodium alginate to the reaction vessel and stir for 20-30 minutes to form a colloidal solution with certain viscosity and protection; then add insecticide and fungicide and stir for 15-20 minutes to ensure that the agents are evenly distributed in the solution, providing protection against diseases and pests for the seeds, forming the third solution; S4-4: Add the antifreeze agent (ethylene glycol or propylene glycol) to the reaction vessel and stir for 10-15 minutes to ensure the antifreeze agent is fully incorporated into the coating agent solution, thereby improving the antifreeze performance of the coating agent and enhancing the overwintering ability of forage triticale seeds; then gradually add attapulgite to the reaction vessel, increase the stirring speed to 300-400 r / min, and stir for 30-40 minutes to ensure the attapulgite is evenly dispersed in the solution, forming a coating agent suspension; S4-5: Add triticale seeds and coating agent suspension to the coating agent at a ratio of 1:0.5 to 1 to make coated granules, and then dry them naturally at 20 to 25°C for 6 to 8 hours to obtain coated triticale seeds for feed.

[0042] S5: Topdressing of feed triticale at the jointing stage When the forage triticale enters the jointing stage, apply urea at a rate of 10–20 kg / hm². 2 Irrigation is carried out using a combination of drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation, with an irrigation water depth of 15–20 mm. S6: Harvest of feed triticale Harvest triticale in May and June when it is in the milk stage to the early wax stage, leaving a stubble height of 5-8 cm. The yield per mu (unit of land area) and other data for the experimental fields and control fields in the above-mentioned experimental sites 1 to 3 are shown in the table below:

[0043] The disease rates in the experimental fields corresponding to experimental sites one through three were all lower than those in the control fields, while the total yield per acre in the experimental fields was higher than that in the control fields. Furthermore, the crude protein, acid detergent fiber, and neutral detergent fiber values ​​of the forage triticale and silage corn harvested from the experimental fields were all superior to those in the control fields. Clearly, the crop rotation method of forage triticale and silage corn adopted in this invention has achieved significant results in improving yield per acre and crop nutritional value.

Claims

1. A method for rotating forage triticale with silage maize, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1: Sowing of Silage Corn Silage corn is sown in April and May using machine-planted seedbeds. The sowing depth is 5-6 cm, the row spacing is 50 cm, the plant spacing is 22-27 cm, and the seeding rate is 80,000-90,000 seeds / hm². 2 Simultaneously, apply 200–300 kg / hm² of diammonium phosphate. 2 ; S2: Irrigation of silage corn Irrigate after sowing silage corn, during the jointing stage, the large trumpet stage, and the tasseling-silking stage to keep the field water holding capacity above 70%. S3: Harvesting Silage Corn Harvest silage corn in August or September when the milk line is at 1 / 2 to 3 / 4 of the kernels. After harvesting, spread high-quality farmyard manure evenly and then prepare the land. S4: Sowing of feed triticale Forage triticale is coated with a coating agent to obtain forage triticale coated seeds. Forage triticale is sown within one week after the harvest and land preparation of silage corn. Machine-sown triticale is used in rows at a depth of 3–4 cm, a row spacing of 15–20 cm, and a seeding rate of 150–180 kg / hm². 2 At the same time, apply potassium dihydrogen phosphate compound fertilizer at a rate of 100–150 kg / hm². 2 After sowing, compact the soil promptly. S5: Overwintering Management Humidity sensors were installed 5-10 cm below the ground between the rows of forage triticale and soil moisture was monitored when the surface air temperature at 5-6 cm reached 0°C. When the humidity sensor detected soil moisture below 40%, irrigation was carried out using an irrigation system consisting of drip irrigation tape and micro-sprinkler nozzles. Irrigation was stopped when the humidity sensor detected soil moisture at 60-65%. S6: Topdressing of feed triticale at the jointing stage When the forage triticale enters the jointing stage, apply urea at a rate of 10–20 kg / hm². 2 ; S7: Harvest of feed triticale After sowing triticale, harvest it in May or June when it is in the milk stage to the early wax stage, leaving a stubble height of 5-8 cm.

2. The method for rotating forage triticale with silage maize according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, the coating agent comprises 8-10 parts of attapulgite, 14-16 parts of chitosan, 4-8 parts of ammonium molybdate, 1-3 parts of sodium alginate, 8-10 parts of potassium nitrate, 7-9 parts of ammonium nitrate, 6-8 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1-3 parts of trace element additives, 3-5 parts of solubilizer, 1-3 parts of insecticide, 1-3 parts of bactericide, 5-7 parts of antifreeze agent, and 20-30 parts of water; wherein the antifreeze agent is ethylene glycol or propylene glycol.

3. The method for rotating forage triticale with silage corn according to claim 2, characterized in that, The process of coating feed ryegrass with a coating agent is as follows: S4-1: Add water to the reactor, turn on the stirrer, and control the stirring speed at 200-300 r / min. Add potassium nitrate, ammonium nitrate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate in sequence, and stir until completely dissolved to form a first solution with a solid-liquid ratio of 1:

5. S4-2: Slowly add ammonium molybdate and trace element additives to the first solution, and continue stirring for 15-20 minutes to ensure that these components are fully dissolved and evenly dispersed; Then, add the solubilizer and stir for 10-15 minutes to form a second solution; S4-3: Add chitosan and sodium alginate to the reaction vessel and stir for 20-30 minutes to form a colloidal solution with certain viscosity and protection; then add insecticide and fungicide and stir for 15-20 minutes to form a third solution; S4-4: Add the antifreeze to the reactor and stir for 10-15 minutes. Then gradually add the attapulgite clay to the reactor, increase the stirring speed to 300-400 r / min, and stir for 30-40 minutes to form a coating agent suspension. S4-5: Add triticale seeds and coating agent suspension to the coating agent at a ratio of 1:0.5 to 1 to make coated granules, and then dry them naturally at 20 to 25°C for 6 to 8 hours to obtain coated triticale seeds for feed.

4. The method for rotating forage triticale with silage corn according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S5, the spacing between drip irrigation tapes is 40-50cm, and the spacing between drip irrigation holes on the drip irrigation tapes is 15-20cm; the micro-sprinkler nozzles are arranged 30-40cm above the drip irrigation tapes, and the micro-sprinkler nozzles and drip irrigation tapes are arranged alternately.

5. The method for rotating forage triticale with silage maize according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S5, apply 15–20 kg / hm² of nitrate nitrogen fertilizer during irrigation. 2 .

6. The method for crop rotation of forage triticale and silage maize according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S3, farmyard manure is well-rotted livestock manure, with an application rate of 2000-3000 kg per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares). It is spread evenly on the plot by hand or machine, ensuring that the distribution error per square meter does not exceed 5%.

7. The method for rotating forage triticale with silage maize according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S3, the specific process of land preparation is as follows: First, deep tillage machinery is used to till the soil to a depth of 25cm to 30cm to mix the topsoil with the subsoil and to turn the fertilizer into the deep layer. During tillage, the tillage depth is kept consistent and the adjacent tillage widths overlap by 5cm to 10cm. After tillage, a rotary tiller is used to further break up the soil clods to a depth of 15cm to 20cm. Then, a disc harrow or spiked harrow is used to harrow the soil to a depth of 8cm to 10cm to level the land and retain moisture. Finally, a wooden or iron harrow is used to harrow the soil evenly.

8. The method for rotating forage triticale with silage maize according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, before irrigation at the jointing stage when the corn has 6-7 leaves, apply urea at a rate of 150-225 kg / hm². 2 Before irrigation during the corn's large trumpet stage, apply 225–300 kg / hm² of urea as a top dressing. 2 .

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