Efficient synthesis method applied to production of 2-hydroxy-benzonitrile

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of organic chemical industry, and discloses an efficient synthesis method applied to 2-hydroxy-benzonitrile production. The method comprises the following steps: dissolving urea in gamma-valerolactone, mixing the gamma-valerolactone with methyl salicylate to form a raw material solution, introducing the raw material solution into a fixed bed reactor filled with a special catalyst, carrying out first-stage and second-stage reactions at different temperatures in sequence, and carrying out post-treatment on the reaction solution to obtain a 2-hydroxy-benzonitrile product. The catalyst is prepared by taking mesoporous silica as a carrier through amino modification, cerium-zinc composite oxide loading and histidine modification, and has high activity and stability. The method realizes continuous synthesis of 2-hydroxy-benzonitrile, has the advantages of mild process conditions, continuous and efficient reaction, high product yield and excellent purity, avoids the use of toxic raw materials in the traditional process, reduces the production cost, and is suitable for large-scale production.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of organic chemical technology, and in particular to a highly efficient synthesis method for the production of salicylates. Background Technology

[0002] Salicylic nitrile, also known as o-hydroxybenzonitrile, is an important intermediate in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and fine chemicals, playing an irreplaceable role, particularly in the preparation of products such as the fungicide azoxystrobin. Currently, industrial production processes for salicylic nitrile facets have several limitations. Traditional methods often involve the dehydration of salicylamides using dehydrating agents such as phosphorus oxychloride, phosgene, or thionyl chloride. While the steps are relatively simple, the use of highly toxic gases like phosgene and phosphorus-containing compounds poses a serious threat to operator safety and generates large amounts of phosphorus-containing wastewater and highly corrosive byproducts, resulting in significant environmental pollution and failing to meet current green chemical industry requirements. Another process uses ammonium salicylate and ammonia as raw materials, but this requires the introduction of large amounts of ammonia during the reaction, involves high temperatures, and is dangerous and complex, demanding on equipment and hindering industrial scale-up. In addition, some techniques use o-chlorobenzonitrile as a raw material to carry out etherification or demethylation reactions under high temperature, high pressure, and alkaline conditions. However, this method has harsh reaction conditions, and the alkaline and high temperature environment easily causes cyano decomposition, producing byproducts such as phenol, amide, and carboxylic acid, which not only affects product selectivity and yield but also increases the difficulty of subsequent separation and purification. Therefore, this invention provides a highly efficient synthetic method for the production of salicylnitrile to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide an efficient synthesis method for the production of salicylates, which realizes the continuous synthesis of salicylates with mild process conditions, continuous and efficient reaction, high product yield and excellent purity, avoids the use of toxic raw materials in traditional processes, reduces production costs, and is suitable for large-scale production.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0005] A highly efficient synthetic method for the production of salicylates includes the following steps:

[0006] (1) Disperse 5-8 parts of urea in 75-80 parts of γ-valerol, stir at 90-95℃ until completely dissolved, then add 10-15 parts of methyl salicylate, continue stirring at constant temperature for 20-30 minutes until the mixture is uniform, obtain the raw material liquid and maintain the temperature at 90-95℃ for later use.

[0007] (2) The catalyst is packed into a fixed-bed reactor, and the feed liquid is flowed at a space velocity of 0.8-1.2 h⁻¹. -1The mixture is introduced into the reactor and first undergoes a first-stage reaction at 140-150℃ for 20-30 minutes. Then, the reaction temperature is raised to 170-180℃ for a second-stage reaction for 30-40 minutes. The reaction product is filtered, distilled, and recrystallized to obtain salicylnitrile.

[0008] Preferably, the catalyst preparation step in step (2) is as follows:

[0009] S1. Disperse mesoporous silica in a mixed solution of ethanol and water, add 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, reflux and stir at 64-70℃ for 3-5h, cool to room temperature, filter, wash, and vacuum dry to obtain modified mesoporous silica.

[0010] S2. Disperse the modified mesoporous dioxide in deionized water, add cerium nitrate and 1-2 parts of citric acid in sequence, stir at 42-46℃ for 1-3h, then add zinc nitrate dropwise at 0.5-1.0mL / min, continue stirring at constant temperature for 2-4h, filter, wash and dry to obtain the precursor;

[0011] S3. Disperse the precursor in deionized water, transfer it to a hydrothermal reactor lined with polytetrafluoroethylene, react at 135-140℃ for 7-9 hours, filter and dry, heat the dried powder in a tube furnace under nitrogen atmosphere to 340-360℃ at 2-4℃ / min and hold for 1.5-2.5 hours, then calcine at the same heating rate to 450-500℃ for 2-3 hours to obtain the composite carrier.

[0012] S4. Disperse the composite support in a phosphate buffer solution, add histidine and glutaraldehyde, stir and react at 50-60℃ for 8-10 hours, then filter, wash, vacuum dry, and then ball mill to obtain the catalyst.

[0013] Preferably, in step (1), the components are 5-8 parts by weight of urea, 75-80 parts by weight of γ-valerolactone and 10-15 parts by weight of methyl salicylate.

[0014] Preferably, in step (2), the space velocity of the feed liquid introduced into the reactor is 0.8-1.2 h⁻¹. -1 .

[0015] Preferably, in step (2), the first stage reaction temperature is 140-150℃ and the reaction time is 20-30 min; the second stage reaction temperature is 170-180℃ and the reaction time is 30-40 min.

[0016] Preferably, in step S1, the components by weight are 10-15 parts mesoporous silica, 85-90 parts mixed solution, and 1-3 parts 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, wherein the volume ratio of ethanol to water in the mixed solution is (2-4):1.

[0017] Preferably, in step S2, the components by weight are 10-15 parts modified mesoporous dioxide, 65-70 parts deionized water, 2-3 parts cerium nitrate, 1-2 parts citric acid, and 4-6 parts zinc nitrate, wherein the zinc nitrate has a mass fraction of 35-40%.

[0018] Preferably, in step S3, the components are 10-15 parts by weight of the precursor and 55-60 parts by weight of deionized water.

[0019] Preferably, in step S4, the components by weight are 10-15 parts of composite carrier, 90-95 parts of phosphate buffer solution, 14-17 parts of histidine and 3-5 parts of glutaraldehyde, and the particle size of the catalyst after ball milling is 250-300 mesh.

[0020] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0021] 1. This invention achieves a breakthrough in the environmental friendliness and continuity of the salicylate synthesis process by optimizing the raw material system and reaction process design. Using urea and methyl salicylate as reactants and γ-valerol as the solvent system completely avoids the use of highly toxic cyanide-containing reagents and corrosive dehydrating agents in traditional processes, meeting the environmental protection requirements of green chemical production. Simultaneously, a two-stage temperature-controlled reaction process using a fixed-bed reactor replaces the traditional intermittent operation, allowing the raw material liquid to be continuously fed into the reaction system. Precise control of the reaction process through segmented temperature control avoids the problem of exacerbated side reactions at a single temperature, constructing a highly efficient production process and significantly improving production efficiency and process stability.

[0022] 2. This invention employs a hierarchical preparation process for mesoporous silica-based composite catalysts, endowing the catalytic system with excellent activity and stability. The catalyst uses mesoporous silica as a substrate, and the surface properties of the support are optimized through amino modification. Then, it is loaded with cerium-zinc composite oxides and modified with histidine to form a hierarchical structure with abundant active sites and good electron transfer efficiency. Amino modification enhances the binding force between the support and the active components, cerium-zinc composite oxides provide highly catalytically active centers, and histidine modification further regulates the exposure of active sites and reaction selectivity. The synergistic effect of these three factors can efficiently catalyze the conversion of raw materials and reduce side reactions. Simultaneously, the hydrothermal reaction and nitrogen atmosphere staged calcination process improve the structural stability of the composite support, while the cross-linking modification of histidine and glutaraldehyde enhances the catalyst's resistance to leaching, solving the problems of easy deactivation and frequent replacement required by traditional catalysts, and extending the catalytic life. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the following examples are conventional methods, and the experimental materials used, unless otherwise specified, were all purchased from conventional biochemical reagent stores. All quantitative experiments in the following examples were performed in triplicate, and the data are the average of the three replicates or the average ± standard deviation.

[0025] Phosphate buffer solution was purchased from Condis Chemical (Hubei) Co., Ltd.

[0026] Mesoporous silica, purchased from Hangzhou Jiayou New Materials Co., Ltd.

[0027] Example 1

[0028] This embodiment provides a highly efficient synthesis method for the production of salicylates, including the following steps:

[0029] (1) Disperse 5 parts of urea in 75 parts of γ-valerol, stir at 300 rpm at 90°C until completely dissolved, then add 10 parts of methyl salicylate, continue stirring at constant temperature for 30 min until the mixture is uniform, obtain the raw material liquid and maintain the temperature at 90°C for later use.

[0030] (2) The catalyst is packed into a fixed-bed reactor, and the feed liquid is fed at a space velocity of 0.8 h⁻¹. -1 The mixture was introduced into the reactor and first reacted at 140°C for 30 minutes. Then, the reaction temperature was raised to 170°C for 40 minutes. The reaction product was filtered, distilled, and recrystallized to obtain salicylic nitrile. The yield of salicylic nitrile was 94.15%, and the purity was 98.87%.

[0031] The catalyst preparation step in step (2) is as follows:

[0032] S1. Take 10 parts of mesoporous silica and disperse them in 85 parts of a mixed solution of ethanol and water with a volume ratio of 2:1. Add 1 part of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and stir under reflux at 400 rpm for 5 h at 64 °C. After cooling to room temperature, filter, wash and vacuum dry to obtain modified mesoporous silica.

[0033] S2. Disperse 10 parts of modified mesoporous dioxide in 65 parts of deionized water, add 2 parts of cerium nitrate and 1 part of citric acid in sequence, stir at 42℃ for 3h, then add 4 parts of 40%wt zinc nitrate dropwise at 0.5mL / min, continue stirring at constant temperature for 4h, filter, wash and dry to obtain the precursor.

[0034] S3. Disperse 10 parts of the precursor in 55 parts of deionized water, transfer it into a hydrothermal reactor lined with polytetrafluoroethylene, react at 135℃ for 9 hours, filter and dry, heat the dried powder in a tube furnace under nitrogen atmosphere at 2℃ / min to 340℃ and hold for 2.5 hours, then calcine at the same heating rate to 450℃ for 3 hours to obtain the composite carrier.

[0035] S4. Take 10 parts of the composite support and disperse it in 90 parts of phosphate buffer solution. Add 14 parts of histidine and 3 parts of glutaraldehyde. Stir at 300 rpm at 50℃ for 10 h, then filter, wash, vacuum dry, and then ball mill to 250 mesh to obtain the catalyst.

[0036] Example 2

[0037] This embodiment provides a highly efficient synthesis method for the production of salicylates, including the following steps:

[0038] (1) Disperse 7 parts of urea in 78 parts of γ-valerol, stir at 320 rpm at 93°C until completely dissolved, then add 12 parts of methyl salicylate, continue stirring at constant temperature for 23 min until the mixture is uniform, obtain the raw material liquid and maintain the temperature at 92°C for later use.

[0039] (2) The catalyst is packed into a fixed-bed reactor, and the feed liquid is fed at a space velocity of 1 h⁻¹. -1 The mixture was introduced into the reactor and first carried out a first stage reaction at 142°C for 23 minutes. Then, the reaction temperature was raised to 173°C for a second stage reaction for 33 minutes. The reaction product was filtered, distilled, and recrystallized to obtain salicylic nitrile with a yield of 95.04% and a purity of 99.28%.

[0040] The catalyst preparation step in step (2) is as follows:

[0041] S1. Take 12 parts of mesoporous silica and disperse them in 87 parts of a mixed solution of ethanol and water with a volume ratio of 3:1. Add 2 parts of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and reflux at 420 rpm for 4.5 h at 66 °C. After cooling to room temperature, filter, wash and vacuum dry to obtain modified mesoporous silica.

[0042] S2. 12 parts of modified mesoporous dioxide were dispersed in 67 parts of deionized water, and 2.3 parts of cerium nitrate and 1.4 parts of citric acid were added sequentially. The mixture was stirred at 44℃ for 2.8 h. Then, 5 parts of 38%wt zinc nitrate were added dropwise at 0.8 mL / min. The mixture was stirred at a constant temperature for 3.6 h. After filtration, washing and drying, the precursor was obtained.

[0043] S3. Disperse 12 parts of precursor in 57 parts of deionized water, transfer to a hydrothermal reactor lined with polytetrafluoroethylene, react at 138℃ for 8 hours, filter and dry, heat the dried powder in a tube furnace under nitrogen atmosphere at 3℃ / min to 345℃ and hold for 2.3 hours, then calcine at the same heating rate to 460℃ for 2.8 hours to obtain the composite carrier.

[0044] S4. Take 12 parts of the composite support and disperse it in 92 parts of phosphate buffer solution. Add 15 parts of histidine and 4 parts of glutaraldehyde. Stir at 330 rpm at 52℃ for 9.5 h. Filter, wash, vacuum dry, and then ball mill to 220 mesh to obtain the catalyst.

[0045] Example 3

[0046] This embodiment provides a highly efficient synthesis method for the production of salicylates, including the following steps:

[0047] (1) Disperse 8 parts of urea in 80 parts of γ-valerol, stir at 400 rpm at 95°C until completely dissolved, then add 15 parts of methyl salicylate, continue stirring at constant temperature for 20 min until the mixture is uniform, obtain the raw material liquid and maintain the temperature at 95°C for later use.

[0048] (2) The catalyst is packed into a fixed-bed reactor, and the feed liquid is fed at a space velocity of 1.2 h⁻¹. -1 The mixture was introduced into the reactor and first reacted at 150°C for 20 minutes. Then, the reaction temperature was raised to 180°C for 30 minutes. The reaction product was filtered, distilled, and recrystallized to obtain salicylic nitrile. The yield of salicylic nitrile was 95.75%, and the purity was 99.30%.

[0049] The catalyst preparation step in step (2) is as follows:

[0050] S1. Take 15 parts of mesoporous silica and disperse them in 90 parts of a mixed solution of ethanol and water with a volume ratio of 4:1. Add 3 parts of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and stir under reflux at 70°C and 450 rpm for 3 hours. After cooling to room temperature, filter, wash and vacuum dry to obtain modified mesoporous silica.

[0051] S2. Disperse 15 parts of modified mesoporous dioxide in 70 parts of deionized water, add 3 parts of cerium nitrate and 2 parts of citric acid in sequence, stir at 46℃ for 1 h, then add 6 parts of 35%wt zinc nitrate dropwise at 1.0 mL / min, continue stirring at constant temperature for 2 h, filter, wash and dry to obtain the precursor.

[0052] S3. Disperse 15 parts of precursor in 60 parts of deionized water, transfer to a hydrothermal reactor lined with polytetrafluoroethylene, react at 140℃ for 7 hours, filter and dry, heat the dried powder in a tube furnace under nitrogen atmosphere at 4℃ / min to 360℃ and hold for 1.5 hours, then calcine at the same heating rate to 500℃ for 2 hours to obtain the composite carrier.

[0053] S4. Take 15 parts of the composite support and disperse it in 95 parts of phosphate buffer solution. Add 17 parts of histidine and 5 parts of glutaraldehyde. Stir at 400 rpm at 60℃ for 8 hours. Filter, wash, vacuum dry, and then ball mill to 300 mesh to obtain the catalyst.

[0054] Example 4

[0055] This embodiment provides a highly efficient synthesis method for the production of salicylates, including the following steps:

[0056] (1) Disperse 8 parts of urea in 80 parts of γ-valerol, stir at 350 rpm at 95°C until completely dissolved, then add 15 parts of methyl salicylate, continue stirring at constant temperature for 24 min until the mixture is uniform, obtain the raw material liquid and maintain the temperature at 95°C for later use.

[0057] (2) The catalyst is packed into a fixed-bed reactor, and the feed liquid is fed at a space velocity of 1.2 h⁻¹. -1 The mixture was introduced into the reactor and first reacted at 150°C for 25 minutes. Then, the reaction temperature was raised to 180°C for 35 minutes. The reaction product was filtered, distilled, and recrystallized to obtain salicylic nitrile with a yield of 95.87% and a purity of 99.47%.

[0058] The catalyst preparation step in step (2) is as follows:

[0059] S1. Take 15 parts of mesoporous silica and disperse them in 90 parts of a mixed solution of ethanol and water with a volume ratio of 3:1. Add 2 parts of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and stir under reflux at 70°C and 450 rpm for 3.2 h. After cooling to room temperature, filter, wash and vacuum dry to obtain modified mesoporous silica.

[0060] S2. Disperse 15 parts of modified mesoporous dioxide in 70 parts of deionized water, add 3 parts of cerium nitrate and 2 parts of citric acid in sequence, stir at 45℃ for 1.5h, then add 6 parts of 38%wt zinc nitrate dropwise at 1.0mL / min, continue stirring at constant temperature for 2.5h, filter, wash and dry to obtain the precursor;

[0061] S3. Disperse 15 parts of the precursor in 60 parts of deionized water, transfer it into a hydrothermal reactor lined with polytetrafluoroethylene, react at 140℃ for 7.5h, filter and dry, heat the dried powder in a tube furnace under nitrogen atmosphere at 4℃ / min to 360℃ and hold for 1.8h, then calcine at the same heating rate to 480℃ for 2.2h to obtain the composite carrier.

[0062] S4. Take 15 parts of the composite support and disperse it in 95 parts of phosphate buffer solution. Add 16 parts of histidine and 4 parts of glutaraldehyde. Stir at 400 rpm at 60℃ for 8 hours. Filter, wash, vacuum dry, and then ball mill to 300 mesh to obtain the catalyst.

[0063] Comparative Example 1

[0064] The difference between this comparative example and Example 4 is that the preparation of the catalyst in step (2) omits the amino modification process in step S1, and directly uses unmodified mesoporous silica for subsequent loading and modification in steps S2 to S4. The remaining steps and parameters are exactly the same as in Example 4. The yield of the salicylic acid nitrile is 78.36% and the purity is 95.45%.

[0065] Comparative Example 2

[0066] The difference between this comparative example and Example 4 is that in step (2), only zinc nitrate is added in step S2 to prepare the catalyst, omitting the addition of cerium nitrate and citric acid, so that a catalyst with only a single zinc active center is prepared. The remaining steps and parameters are exactly the same as in Example 4. The yield of the salicylaniline is 85.24% and the purity is 97.20%.

[0067] Comparative Example 3

[0068] The difference between this comparative example and Example 4 is that the preparation of the catalyst in step (2) omits the histidine modification process in step S4. The composite support is used directly as a catalyst without histidine and glutaraldehyde treatment. The remaining steps and parameters are exactly the same as in Example 4. The yield of the salicylaniline is 88.91% and the purity is 97.85%.

[0069] Comparative Example 4

[0070] The difference between this comparative example and Example 4 is that in step (1), toluene of equal weight is used instead of γ-valerol as the solvent. The remaining steps and parameters are exactly the same as in Example 4. The yield of the salicylic acid nitrile is 72.50% and the purity is 94.82%.

[0071] Comparative Example 5

[0072] The difference between this comparative example and Example 4 is that the two temperature control procedures in step (2) are cancelled. The entire reaction process is carried out at a single temperature of 180°C. The total reaction time is the same as the sum of the two reaction times in Example 4. The remaining steps and parameters are exactly the same as in Example 4. The yield of the salicylanilic acid is 82.15% and the purity is 96.52%.

[0073] Performance results explanation:

[0074] The salicylate synthesis methods provided in Examples 1-4 of this invention all exhibit excellent and stable performance. Example 4 represents the optimal process conditions, achieving a yield of 95.87% and a purity of 99.47%. This result fully demonstrates that the combined strategy of using γ-valerol as a solvent, a composite catalyst, and a two-stage temperature-controlled process has high reliability and repeatability, enabling efficient and stable green synthesis of salicylate.

[0075] In contrast, Comparative Examples 1-3 reveal the core role of catalyst structural integrity: the absence of amino modification leads to decreased dispersion and stability of the active component; the lack of synergistic catalytic effect from the cerium-zinc composite significantly reduces reaction efficiency; and omitting histidine modification prevents the composite support from inhibiting excessive oxidation of the raw materials through steric hindrance, exacerbating side reactions. Comparative Examples 4 and 5 demonstrate the importance of optimizing the reaction environment and process: replacing γ-valerol with toluene worsens the dissolution and mass transfer processes of the reactants; and eliminating the two-stage temperature control disrupts the rate balance between urea decomposition and nitrification reactions, triggering side reactions.

[0076] In the description of this specification, the reference to terms such as "example," "various examples," etc., means that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that example or preparation is included in at least one example or preparation of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same example or preparation. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more examples or preparations.

[0077] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A highly efficient synthesis method applied to the production of salicylonitrile, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: (1) urea is dispersed in gamma-valerolactone, stirred until completely dissolved, then methyl salicylate is added, and constant temperature stirring is continued until the mixture is uniform to obtain a raw material solution and maintain the temperature for standby; (2) the catalyst is loaded in a fixed bed reactor, the raw material solution is introduced into the reactor, first-stage reaction is carried out, then the reaction temperature is raised to carry out second-stage reaction, and the reaction product is filtered, rectified and recrystallized to obtain salicylonitrile.

2. The efficient synthesis method applied to the production of salicylonitrile according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation step of the catalyst in the step (2) is: S1, mesoporous silica is dispersed in a mixed solution composed of ethanol and water, 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane is added, reflux stirring is carried out, then cooling, filtration, washing and vacuum drying are carried out to obtain modified mesoporous silica; S2, the modified mesoporous silica is dispersed in deionized water, cerium nitrate and citric acid are sequentially added, stirring is carried out, then zinc nitrate is added dropwise, constant temperature stirring is continued, then filtration, washing and drying are carried out to obtain a precursor; S3, the precursor is dispersed in deionized water, is transferred into an autoclave for reaction, then filtration and drying are carried out, the dried powder is calcined in a nitrogen atmosphere in stages to obtain a composite carrier; S4, the composite carrier is dispersed in a phosphate buffer solution, histidine and glutaraldehyde are added, stirring reaction is carried out, then filtration, washing and vacuum drying are carried out, and then ball milling and crushing are carried out to obtain the catalyst.

3. The efficient synthesis method applied to the production of salicylonitrile according to claim 1, characterized by, In the step (1), the urea, gamma-valerolactone and methyl salicylate are 5-8 parts, 75-80 parts and 10-15 parts by weight respectively.

4. The efficient synthesis method applied to the production of salicylonitrile according to claim 1, characterized by, The space velocity of the raw material liquid passing into the reactor in step (2) is 0.8-1.2 h -1 .

5. The efficient synthesis method applied to the production of salicylonitrile according to claim 1, characterized by, In the step (2), the first-stage reaction temperature is 140-150 DEG C, and the reaction time is 20-30 min; the second-stage reaction temperature is 170-180 DEG C, and the reaction time is 30-40 min.

6. The efficient synthesis method applied to the production of salicylonitrile according to claim 2, characterized by, In the step S1, the mesoporous silica, the mixed solution and the 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane are 10-15 parts, 85-90 parts and 1-3 parts by weight respectively, and the volume ratio of ethanol to water in the mixed solution is (2-4):

1.

7. The efficient synthesis method applied to the production of salicylonitrile according to claim 2, characterized by, In the step S2, the modified mesoporous silica, the deionized water, the cerium nitrate, the citric acid and the zinc nitrate are 10-15 parts, 65-70 parts, 2-3 parts, 1-2 parts and 4-6 parts by weight respectively, and the mass fraction of the zinc nitrate is 35-40%.

8. The efficient synthesis method applied to the production of salicylonitrile according to claim 2, characterized by, In the step S3, the precursor and the deionized water are 10-15 parts and 55-60 parts by weight respectively.

9. The efficient synthesis method applied to the production of salicylonitrile according to claim 2, characterized by, In the step S4, the composite carrier, the phosphate buffer solution, the histidine and the glutaraldehyde are 10-15 parts, 90-95 parts, 14-17 parts and 3-5 parts by weight respectively, and the particle size of the catalyst after ball milling and crushing is 250-300 meshes.