Biological feed for relieving stress of piglets after weaning and preparation method of biological feed

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of feed preparation, and particularly discloses a biological feed for relieving stress of piglets after weaning and a preparation method thereof.The biological feed comprises, by weight, a basic material and an active material, the active material comprises 4-6 parts of composite mineral particles and 8-12 parts of enteric flavone particles, the composite mineral particles take bentonite as a framework, sodium bicarbonate and an inorganic ion carrier are doped into the inner layer, and an enteric coating is arranged on the outer layer; the enteric flavone particles comprise flavonoid compounds, and enteric coatings are arranged on the outer layers of the enteric flavone particles. The improved composite mineral particles and enteric flavone particles are introduced, buffer salt in the inner layers of the composite mineral particles can locally adjust pH and osmotic pressure in small intestines, the intestinal epithelium electrolyte environment can be stabilized, intestinal acidification caused by weaning stress is relieved, the intestinal flora steady state recovery speed can be remarkably increased, and the diarrhea rate can be remarkably reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of feed preparation technology, specifically to a biological feed for alleviating post-weaning stress in piglets and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Post-weaning stress in piglets refers to a series of non-specific reactions caused by the separation of piglets from their sows at the normal weaning age, and the simultaneous changes in nutrition (from sow's milk to solid feed), environment (possibly being moved to a different pen), and social interaction (being separated from their littermates). This leads to physiological dysfunction, decreased immunity, and stunted growth. It is the most common type of stress in piglet farming.

[0003] The early growth of piglets is crucial, representing a critical period for their development. The more severe the stress response, the greater the impact on their growth, leading to reduced farming profits. Existing biological feeds for alleviating post-weaning stress in piglets mostly use feeds containing prebiotics or probiotics. This approach is feasible, cost-effective, and cost-efficient; however, its stress-alleviating effect is somewhat lacking. Therefore, the technical problem this invention aims to solve is how to improve the stress-alleviating effect of biological feeds for post-weaning piglets while maintaining sufficient cost. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a biological feed for alleviating post-weaning stress in piglets and a method for preparing the same, in order to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A biological feed for alleviating post-weaning stress in piglets, comprising, by weight, the following components: a base feed and an active feed. The base feed comprises: 500-550 parts corn, 90-110 parts wheat, 45-55 parts skim milk powder, 28-32 parts whey powder, 140-160 parts soybean meal, 28-32 parts soybean protein concentrate, 18-22 parts fish meal, 28-32 parts vegetable oil, 4-6 parts yeast, 2.5-3.5 parts prebiotics, 8-10 parts organic acid premix, 30-35 parts inorganic salt mixture, 3-4 parts vitamin and mineral premix, 2.58-3.3 parts amino acid mixture, and 0.8-1 parts probiotic powder. The active material comprises 4-6 parts of composite mineral particles and 8-12 parts of enteric-coated flavonoid particles. The composite mineral particles are based on bentonite as a skeleton, with sodium bicarbonate and inorganic ion carriers incorporated into the inner layer, and an enteric coating on the outer layer. The enteric-coated flavonoid particles comprise flavonoid compounds and have an enteric coating on the outer layer.

[0006] Furthermore, the inorganic salt composition includes 3-4 parts of table salt, 2-3 parts of sodium bicarbonate, 10-12 parts of limestone powder, and 20-21 parts of superphosphate.

[0007] Furthermore, the amino acid composition includes 1.8-2.2 parts of L-lysine, 0.4-0.6 parts of DL-methionine, 0.3-0.4 parts of L-threonine, and 0.08-0.1 parts of L-tryptophan.

[0008] Furthermore, the enteric-coated flavonoid granules comprise 2 kg of flavonoid powder, 3 kg of maltodextrin, 0.8 kg of sodium alginate, 0.4 kg of low-methoxyl pectin, 0.2–0.5 kg of lecithin, 0.3 kg of chitosan, and 0.6–1.0 kg of edible wax; with a mass ratio of 18–22: 25–35: 5–8: 3–5: 2–5: 2–3: 6–10. Its preparation methods include: Add maltodextrin to water while stirring to obtain a base liquid. The mass ratio of maltodextrin to water is 1:15. The water temperature is 45-55℃. The stirring speed is 140-150 rpm and the stirring time is 4-5 minutes. Place the lecithin in water at 49-51℃ to warm it and form an emulsion. Add the emulsion to the base liquid and stir. Stir at 180-200 rpm for 4-5 minutes. While stirring, add flavonoid powder, sodium alginate and low-methoxyl pectin to obtain a suspension; stir at 180-200 rpm for 4-5 minutes. The suspension is placed into a dripping device with a nozzle and dripped into a CaCl2 curing bath with a concentration of 2–3%. The mixture is cured for 15–30 minutes, and the cured beads are collected with a filter screen. The drip distance is 10–15 cm. Prepare a 1% chitosan solution, wash the solidified beads, and then put the washed solidified beads into the chitosan solution. Stir for 10–15 minutes, filter out the beads, and pre-dry them with hot air to obtain pre-dried beads. The hot air temperature is 45℃ and the time is 1–2 hours. The target moisture content is 10%–12%. Heat edible wax in a coating pan until it melts at 80°C. Add pre-dried beads and stir to mix, resulting in pre-dried beads with coating. The target total coating amount is 50–100 g wax / kg beads. The stirring speed should not exceed 20 rpm. The pre-dried beads with coating are dried to a target moisture content of no more than 6%.

[0009] Furthermore, the composite mineral particles comprise: bentonite, potassium bicarbonate, magnesium oxide, maltodextrin, edible wax, and water; their mass ratio is 60:20:2:10:5; and their preparation method is as follows: Mix bentonite with potassium bicarbonate and magnesium oxide in a mixer for 10 minutes; the mixing speed is 50-60 rpm. Mix maltodextrin and water to obtain an aqueous solution containing maltodextrin. Spray the aqueous solution containing maltodextrin into a stirrer at a solution temperature of 50°C to obtain a clump. Stir at 70-80 rpm for 4-5 minutes. The lumps are fed into a granulator to granulate them into particles; the granulator has a sieve aperture of 2-3 mm. The granules were dried at 50–60°C until the moisture content was 8–10%. Edible wax is heated to a molten state to obtain molten wax. The molten wax is then sprayed onto dried granules to obtain granules with a coating layer. The heating temperature is 80℃. The coated particles are cooled and sieved to a particle size of 1-3 mm to obtain composite mineral particles.

[0010] The present invention also provides a method for preparing a biological feed for alleviating post-weaning stress in piglets, the preparation method comprising: The base material is crushed; the target particle size is no more than 1 mm. Add the crushed corn, wheat, soybean meal, soy protein concentrate and fish meal to a mixer and mix; mix at 60-80 rpm for 4-5 minutes. Add whey powder, skim milk powder, and yeast, and stir; stir at 60–80 rpm for 4–5 minutes. Add organic acid premix, prebiotics, inorganic salts, vitamin and mineral premix, amino acid mixture and probiotic powder, and stir; stir at 100-120 rpm for 6-8 minutes. Spray in vegetable oil during the mixing process; mix at 40-50 rpm for 3-4 minutes. Add the compound mineral granules and enteric flavonoid granules in sequence and stir to obtain wet feed; stir at 20-40 rpm for 3-5 minutes. The wet feed is dried to obtain dry feed; the target moisture content is no more than 10%.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The present invention introduces improved composite mineral particles and enteric-coated flavonoid particles. The buffer salts (such as sodium bicarbonate and phosphate) in the inner layer of the composite mineral particles can locally regulate pH and osmotic pressure in the small intestine, which helps to stabilize the electrolyte environment of the intestinal epithelium and reduce intestinal acidification caused by weaning stress. Flavonoids have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The combination of composite mineral particles and enteric-coated flavonoid particles can significantly improve the recovery speed of intestinal flora homeostasis and significantly reduce the diarrhea rate. Detailed Implementation

[0012] To make the technical problems, solutions, and beneficial effects of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0013] Material: Unless otherwise specified, the methods used in this invention are conventional methods known to those skilled in the art, and the reagents and materials used are commercially available products. Some materials are described below: The potassium bicarbonate in the compound mineral granules is food-grade potassium bicarbonate from Longtaiwei (Jiangsu) Food Technology Co., Ltd., and the magnesium oxide is food-grade magnesium oxide from Hebei Meixi Biotechnology Co., Ltd. The vitamin and mineral premix is ​​purchased from CP Group, specifically as a compound vitamin and mineral premix. The probiotic powder is purchased from Minsheng Zhongke Jiayi (Shandong) Bioengineering Co., Ltd., specifically as Minsheng Pribao brand probiotic powder. The prebiotics are purchased from Jinan Shengquan Tanghe Tang Biotechnology Co., Ltd., specifically as prebiotic concentrate. The organic acid premix is ​​purchased from Shandong Baswo Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd., specifically as Lansuanbao LF1-small molecule organic acid. The soybean protein concentrate is purchased from Heilongjiang Licheng Soybean Protein Co., Ltd., specifically as feed-grade soybean protein concentrate. The bentonite is purchased from Weifang Damei Bentonite Co., Ltd., specifically as feed-grade bentonite. The edible wax is purchased from Henan Guochen Biotechnology Co., Ltd., specifically as palm wax. Example 1:

[0014] In this embodiment of the invention, a biological feed for alleviating post-weaning stress in piglets is provided, comprising the following components by weight: a base feed and an active feed. The base feed includes: 500 parts corn, 100 parts wheat, 50 parts skim milk powder, 30 parts whey powder, 150 parts soybean meal, 30 parts soybean protein concentrate, 20 parts fish meal, 30 parts vegetable oil, 5 parts yeast, 3 parts prebiotics, 8 parts organic acid premix, 30 parts inorganic salt composition, 3 parts vitamin and mineral premix, 3.3 parts amino acid composition, and 1 part probiotic powder. The inorganic salt composition includes 3 parts salt, 1 part sodium bicarbonate, 10 parts limestone powder, and 16 parts superphosphate. The amino acid composition includes 2 parts L-lysine, 0.5 parts DL-methionine, 0.3 parts L-threonine, and 0.1 parts L-tryptophan. The active material includes 4 parts of composite mineral particles; wherein, the composite mineral particles are based on bentonite as a skeleton, with sodium bicarbonate and inorganic ion carrier incorporated into the inner layer, and enteric coating on the outer layer. The composite mineral particles comprise: bentonite, potassium bicarbonate, magnesium oxide, maltodextrin, edible wax, and water; their mass ratio is 60:20:2:10:5; and their preparation method is as follows: In a mixer, mix bentonite with potassium bicarbonate and magnesium oxide for 10 minutes; the mixing speed is 50 rpm. Mix maltodextrin and water to obtain an aqueous solution containing maltodextrin. Spray the aqueous solution containing maltodextrin into a stirrer at a temperature of 50°C to obtain a clump. Stir at 70 rpm for 5 minutes. The lumps are fed into a granulator to granulate them into particles; the granulator has a sieve aperture of 3 mm. The granules were dried at 50–60°C until the moisture content was 10%. Edible wax is heated to a molten state to obtain molten wax. The molten wax is then sprayed onto dried granules to obtain granules with a coating layer. The heating temperature is 80℃. The coated particles were cooled and sieved to a particle size of 3 mm to obtain composite mineral particles.

[0015] The feed preparation method is as follows: The base material is crushed; the target particle size is no more than 1 mm. Add the crushed corn, wheat, soybean meal, soybean protein concentrate and fish meal to a mixer and mix; mix at 60 rpm for 5 minutes. Add whey powder, skim milk powder, and yeast, and stir; stir at 60 rpm for 5 minutes. Add organic acid premix, prebiotics, inorganic salts, vitamin and mineral premix, amino acid mixture and probiotic powder, and stir; stir at 100 rpm for 8 minutes. Spray in vegetable oil during the mixing process; mix at 40 rpm for 4 minutes. The compound mineral granules and enteric flavonoid granules were added sequentially and stirred to obtain wet feed; the stirring speed was 40 rpm and the stirring time was 5 minutes. The wet feed is dried to obtain dry feed; the target moisture content is no more than 10%. Example 2:

[0016] Unlike Example 1, the active material includes 6 parts of composite mineral particles; Example 3:

[0017] Unlike Example 1, the active material also includes 8 parts of enteric-coated flavonoid particles, which contain flavonoid compounds and have an enteric coating on the outside. The enteric-coated flavonoid granules comprise 2 kg of flavonoid powder, 3 kg of maltodextrin, 0.8 kg of sodium alginate, 0.4 kg of low-methoxyl pectin, 0.2–0.5 kg of lecithin, 0.3 kg of chitosan, and 0.6–1.0 kg of edible wax; with a mass ratio of 20:30:8:5:4:3:10. Its preparation methods include: Maltodextrin was added to water while stirring to obtain a base liquid. The mass ratio of maltodextrin to water was 1:15. The water temperature was 50℃. The stirring speed was 150 rpm and the stirring time was 5 minutes. Place the lecithin in 50℃ water to warm it and form an emulsion. Add the emulsion to the base liquid and stir. Stir at 200 rpm for 5 minutes. While stirring, add flavonoid powder, sodium alginate and low-methoxyl pectin to obtain a suspension; stir at 200 rpm for 5 minutes. The suspension was placed into a dripping device with a nozzle and dripped into a 2% CaCl2 curing bath. The mixture was cured for 30 minutes, and the cured beads were collected with a filter screen. The drip distance was 15 cm. Prepare a 1% chitosan solution, wash the solidified beads, and then put the washed solidified beads into the chitosan solution. Stir for 15 minutes, filter out the beads, and pre-dry them with hot air to obtain pre-dried beads. The hot air temperature is 45℃ and the time is 1.5 hours. The target moisture content is 10%. Heat edible wax in a coating pan until it melts at 80°C. Add pre-dried beads and stir to mix, resulting in pre-dried beads with coating. The target total coating amount is 50g wax / kg beads. The stirring speed should not exceed 20rpm. The pre-dried beads with coating are dried to a target moisture content of no more than 6%. Example 4:

[0018] Unlike Example 2, the active material also includes 8 parts of the enteric flavonoid granules provided in Example 3; Implementation: 5:

[0019] Unlike Example 4, the enteric flavonoid particles in the active material are 12 parts.

[0020] Comparative Example 1: In this embodiment of the invention, a biological feed for alleviating post-weaning stress in piglets is provided, comprising the following components by weight: 500 parts corn, 100 parts wheat, 50 parts skim milk powder, 30 parts whey powder, 150 parts soybean meal, 30 parts soybean protein concentrate, 20 parts fish meal, 30 parts vegetable oil, 5 parts yeast, 3 parts prebiotics, 8 parts organic acid premix, 30 parts inorganic salt composition, 3 parts vitamin and mineral premix, 3.3 parts amino acid composition, and 1 part probiotic powder; the inorganic salt composition includes 3 parts salt, 1 part sodium bicarbonate, 10 parts limestone powder, and 16 parts superphosphate; the amino acid composition includes 2 parts L-lysine, 0.5 parts DL-methionine, 0.3 parts L-threonine, and 0.1 parts L-tryptophan.

[0021] The feed preparation method is as follows: The base material is crushed; the target particle size is no more than 1 mm. Add the crushed corn, wheat, soybean meal, soybean protein concentrate and fish meal to a mixer and mix; mix at 60 rpm for 5 minutes. Add whey powder, skim milk powder, and yeast, and stir; stir at 60 rpm for 5 minutes. Add organic acid premix, prebiotics, inorganic salts, vitamin and mineral premix, amino acid mixture and probiotic powder, and stir; stir at 100 rpm for 8 minutes. Spray in vegetable oil during the mixing process; mix at 50 rpm for 4 minutes. The wet feed is dried to obtain dry feed; the target moisture content is no more than 10%.

[0022] Comparative Example 2: The difference from Comparative Example 1 is that the feed also includes 4 parts of compound mineral particles, which include: bentonite, potassium bicarbonate, magnesium oxide powder, maltodextrin and hydrogenated vegetable oil, in a mass ratio of 60:20:4:6:5. Its preparation method is as follows: Add bentonite, potassium bicarbonate and magnesium oxide powder to a mixer and mix for 5 minutes at a speed of 50 rpm to obtain a dry mixture. Maltodextrin was added to water to prepare a 30% (w / v) dextrin solution; The dextrin solution is sprayed onto the dry mixture; the spraying process is a multi-stage spraying process, consisting of 5 sprays, each lasting two minutes, to obtain wet granules. The wet granules are transferred to a granulation tray and passed through a 3mm sieve to obtain granules; Spread the granules evenly on a drying tray and place them in a hot air drying oven at a temperature of 70°C, with a target moisture content of 6%. Hydrogenated vegetable oil is heated to 70°C in an electric heating pot to obtain molten oil. The granules are added to a coating pot and turned over to spray the molten oil, resulting in coated granules. The coating target is 50g of oil per kg of granules.

[0023] Comparative Example 3: The difference from Comparative Example 1 is that the feed also includes 8 parts of enteric-coated flavonoid granules, which consist of: flavonoid powder, maltodextrin, sodium alginate, food-grade calcium chloride, and chitosan, in a mass ratio of 20:30:8:20:3; and its preparation method is as follows: Maltodextrin was dissolved in water at 50°C, flavonoid powder and sodium alginate were added and stirred to obtain an alginate-flavonoid suspension; wherein the solid concentration of the alginate-flavonoid suspension was 10% (w / v); the stirring speed was 150 rpm. Prepare a 1.0% (w / v) calcium chloride solution in the curing bath. For example, 2.0 kg of food-grade calcium chloride dissolved in 200 L of water equals 1.0%. The alginate-flavonoid suspension was loaded into a syringe and dripped into a calcium chloride solution through a needle with a diameter of about 2 mm to form gel beads. The gel beads were then filtered out and washed. Food-grade white vinegar was added to water to obtain an acidic solution with a pH of 4.5. Chitosan was then added to prepare a chitosan solution with a concentration of 1.0% (w / v). The water temperature was room temperature. The gel spheres were immersed in chitosan solution for 5 minutes to obtain gel spheres with a coating layer. The coated gel balls were spread on a baking tray and dried in a hot air drying oven at 45°C to achieve a target moisture content of 8%.

[0024] Comparative Example 4: The difference from Comparative Example 2 is that the active material also includes 8 parts of enteric flavonoid particles provided in Comparative Example 3.

[0025] The following is a description of Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-4: Examples 1-5 all include a base material and an active material. The active material is the core of this scheme. The active material includes composite mineral particles and enteric-coated flavonoid particles. The active material in Example 1 only includes 4 parts of composite mineral particles, the active material in Example 2 only includes 6 parts of composite mineral particles, the active material in Example 3 only includes 8 parts of enteric-coated flavonoid particles, Example 4, based on Example 2, also includes 8 parts of enteric-coated flavonoid particles, which is equivalent to Example 3 plus Example 2, and Example 5, based on Example 4, increases the content of enteric-coated flavonoid particles, including 12 parts of enteric-coated flavonoid particles.

[0026] Comparative Example 1 only includes basic feed. Although it is basic feed, it contains prebiotics and probiotics, which can alleviate post-weaning stress in piglets to some extent. Comparative Example 2 provides a solution that includes only 4 parts of compound mineral granules. However, the difference from Example 1 is that the composition of the compound mineral granules is different, and the preparation method is also different. Comparative Example 3 provides a solution that includes only 8 parts of enteric-coated flavonoid granules. However, the difference from Example 3 is that the composition of the enteric-coated flavonoid granules is different, and the preparation method is also different. Comparative Example 4 is a combination of Comparative Example 3 and Comparative Example 2, including 4 parts of compound mineral granules and 8 parts of enteric-coated flavonoid granules.

[0027] In addition, regarding the composite mineral particles and enteric-coated flavonoid particles in the comparative examples and embodiments, the comparative examples represent a more conventional solution, while the embodiments represent an optimized solution.

[0028] The following experiments were conducted on Examples 1-7 and Comparative Examples 1-4 as described above: 1. Modeling and Grouping: At 14 days old, 90 healthy piglets were selected from the same batch of sows and divided into 9 groups (10 piglets in each group, 5 males and 5 females) according to the principle of "from the same litter, of the same sex and of similar weight". Each piglet was numbered with an ear tag (group number + serial number).

[0029] 2. Experimental Procedure: Disinfect the test pen 3 days in advance (spray with 2% sodium hydroxide solution, leave empty for 24 hours and ventilate), one independent pen per group (area ≥ 2㎡ / pen), ensuring consistent temperature (28℃), humidity (60%), and light (16h light / 8h darkness); starting from 14 days old, place special creep feed for piglets (consistent with the composition of the post-weaning basal feed to avoid feed change stress) in the pen at 8:00 am and 4:00 pm every day, initially 500g per pen each time, and observe the piglets' feeding behavior; at fixed times every day (7:00 am and 7:00 pm), weigh the "amount of feed added this time" using an electronic balance (accuracy 0.1g) and record it; before the next addition, weigh the "amount of feed remaining in the feed trough", calculate the single-time feed intake per pen, summarize the "daily feed intake per pen" (sum of morning and evening) every day, and then calculate the average daily feed intake per piglet according to "daily feed intake per pen / number of piglets in the pen".

[0030] At 21 days of age, sows were removed from the experimental pen (piglets remained in their original pens) to achieve "separation weaning" and avoid environmental stress caused by pen changes. On the day of weaning, the sows were immediately replaced with feeds prepared in Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-4, with Comparative Example 1 serving as the basal feed. Following the "pre-weaning measurement method," feed intake in each pen was recorded daily to calculate the "average daily feed intake after weaning," which was then compared to the "pre-weaning baseline" to calculate the feed intake recovery rate (post-weaning feed intake / pre-weaning baseline).

[0031] It is worth mentioning that the calculation results of the above parameters are ratios, which can all be converted into percentages.

[0032] 3. Data Collection: 1. According to the “Pre-weaning Measurement Method”, record the amount of food intake in each column every day, calculate the “average daily food intake after weaning”, compare it with the “pre-weaning baseline”, and calculate the food intake recovery rate (food intake after weaning / pre-weaning baseline).

[0033] 2. Observe the condition of piglets’ feces at 9:00 a.m. and 3:00 p.m. every day (normal: formed; diarrhea: pasty / watery), record “number of piglets with diarrhea”, and calculate the diarrhea rate (total number of piglets with diarrhea / (number of piglets in the group × number of observation days)).

[0034] 3. Weigh the baby on an empty stomach on the morning of the day of weaning (21 days old) and 14 days after weaning, and calculate the 14-day "average daily weight gain (ADG)".

[0035] The test results are as follows: 7-day diarrhea rate (%) 3-day recovery rate of feed intake (%) 14-day ADG (kg / day) Example 1 15.2 72.1 0.24 Example 2 13.8 75.6 0.26 Example 3 11.4 78.4 0.27 Example 4 6.1 85.0 0.32 Example 5 4.3 91.3 0.35 Comparative Example 1 20.9 58.4 0.20 Comparative Example 2 17.3 63.6 0.22 Comparative Example 3 16.9 67.3 0.23 Comparative Example 4 14.4 73.2 0.25 Results analysis and explanation: Comparative Example 1 only includes the basic feed, which contains prebiotics and probiotics, which can alleviate post-weaning stress in piglets to some extent, serving as the benchmark for the entire analytical process.

[0036] Comparative Example 2 used 4 portions of compound mineral pellets under normal conditions. Compared with Comparative Example 1, the piglets showed improvement in all indicators after consuming feed containing compound mineral pellets. Comparative Example 3 only included 8 portions of enteric-coated flavonoid pellets. Compared with Comparative Example 1, the piglets showed improvement in all indicators after consuming feed containing enteric-coated flavonoid pellets. The data shows that enteric-coated flavonoid pellets have a more significant effect on improving the piglets' performance in all aspects. Comparative Example 4 contained 4 portions of compound mineral pellets and 8 portions of enteric-coated flavonoid pellets. Correspondingly, its effect on improving the piglets' performance in all aspects was even more significant.

[0037] For Examples 1-5, the active feed of Example 1 only included 4 parts of composite mineral particles, and the active feed of Example 2 only included 6 parts of improved composite mineral particles. The different contents resulted in different effects on various aspects of piglets. Example 3 only included 8 parts of improved enteric-coated flavonoid particles. The data shows that the improved enteric-coated flavonoid particles had a more obvious promoting effect. Example 4, based on Example 2, also included 8 parts of enteric-coated flavonoid particles, which is equivalent to Example 3 plus Example 2. Example 5, based on Example 4, increased the content of enteric-coated flavonoid particles, including 12 parts of enteric-coated flavonoid particles. From the above, it can be seen that the improvement effect of Example 4 is huge. This is because there is a synergistic effect between the composite mineral particles and the enteric-coated flavonoid particles. When their amounts are relatively large (Example 5), the overall improvement effect is more obvious.

[0038] In conclusion, from the perspective of stress relief, Example 5 is the best example.

[0039] Cause analysis: The composite mineral particles in this embodiment use bentonite as a framework, with sodium bicarbonate and inorganic ion carriers introduced into the inner layer, and an enteric coating layer on the outer layer. The enteric coating layer remains stable in the acidic environment of the stomach and dissolves only in the small intestine (pH>6.5), thereby delaying the release of internal mineral ions and avoiding osmotic pressure imbalance caused by excessive ions in the stomach. The buffer salts (such as sodium bicarbonate and phosphate) in the inner layer can locally regulate pH and osmotic pressure in the small intestine, which helps stabilize the electrolyte environment of the intestinal epithelium and reduce intestinal acidification caused by weaning stress. The use of controllable dissolution of magnesium ions ensures stable release of trace elements and promotes intestinal epithelial repair and water and electrolyte balance regulation.

[0040] The enteric-coated flavonoid particles in this embodiment comprise sodium alginate, a low-methoxyl pectin double crosslinking system, a lecithin emulsion layer, a chitosan coating, and an edible wax coating. The chitosan layer has slight cationicity, which can adsorb onto the surface of anionic pathogens and inhibit bacterial growth. The inner pectin-sodium alginate network releases flavonoids in response to pH, ensuring that flavonoids are mainly absorbed in the small intestine. Flavonoids are easily destroyed or oxidized by gastric acid, and this system significantly improves their bioavailability. Lecithin can promote the fusion of flavonoids with the intestinal epithelial membrane and improve transmembrane absorption efficiency.

[0041] With the addition of both substances, the sodium bicarbonate and ions released by the compound mineral particles stabilize the intestinal pH and osmotic pressure environment, providing the optimal absorption environment for the release of flavonoid particles in the small intestine. The compound mineral particles first alleviate electrolyte imbalance and diarrhea, while the enteric-coated flavonoid particles are gradually released, inhibiting chronic inflammation and elevated cortisol. Flavonoids inhibit oxidative stress, and the two work together to promote the restoration of immune homeostasis. Magnesium ions, lecithin, and flavonoids can synergistically promote the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins and improve overall nutrient utilization.

[0042] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A biological feed for alleviating post-weaning stress in piglets, characterized in that, By weight, it comprises the following components: base material and active material. The base material includes: 500-550 parts corn, 90-110 parts wheat, 45-55 parts skim milk powder, 28-32 parts whey powder, 140-160 parts soybean meal, 28-32 parts soy protein concentrate, 18-22 parts fish meal, 28-32 parts vegetable oil, 4-6 parts yeast, 2.5-3.5 parts prebiotics, 8-10 parts organic acid premix, 30-35 parts inorganic salt composition, 3-4 parts vitamin and mineral premix, 2.58-3.3 parts amino acid composition, and 0.8-1 parts probiotic powder. The active material comprises 4-6 parts of composite mineral particles and 8-12 parts of enteric-coated flavonoid particles. The composite mineral particles are based on bentonite as a skeleton, with sodium bicarbonate and inorganic ion carriers incorporated into the inner layer, and an enteric coating on the outer layer. The enteric-coated flavonoid particles comprise flavonoid compounds and have an enteric coating on the outer layer.

2. The biological feed for alleviating post-weaning stress in piglets according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inorganic salt composition includes 3-4 parts of table salt, 2-3 parts of sodium bicarbonate, 10-12 parts of limestone powder, and 20-21 parts of superphosphate.

3. The biological feed for alleviating post-weaning stress in piglets according to claim 2, characterized in that, The amino acid composition includes 1.8-2.2 parts of L-lysine, 0.4-0.6 parts of DL-methionine, 0.3-0.4 parts of L-threonine, and 0.08-0.1 parts of L-tryptophan.

4. The biological feed for alleviating post-weaning stress in piglets according to claim 3, characterized in that, The enteric-coated flavonoid granules comprise 2 kg of flavonoid powder, 3 kg of maltodextrin, 0.8 kg of sodium alginate, 0.4 kg of low-methoxyl pectin, 0.2–0.5 kg of lecithin, 0.3 kg of chitosan, and 0.6–1.0 kg of edible wax; with a mass ratio of 18–22: 25–35: 5–8: 3–5: 2–5: 2–3: 6–10. Its preparation methods include: Add maltodextrin to water while stirring to obtain a base liquid. The mass ratio of maltodextrin to water is 1:

15. The water temperature is 45-55℃. The stirring speed is 140-150 rpm and the stirring time is 4-5 minutes. Place the lecithin in water at 49-51℃ to warm it and form an emulsion. Add the emulsion to the base liquid and stir. Stir at 180-200 rpm for 4-5 minutes. While stirring, add flavonoid powder, sodium alginate and low-methoxyl pectin to obtain a suspension; stir at 180-200 rpm for 4-5 minutes. The suspension is placed into a dripping device with a nozzle and dripped into a CaCl2 curing bath with a concentration of 2–3%. The mixture is cured for 15–30 minutes, and the cured beads are collected with a filter screen. The drip distance is 10–15 cm. Prepare a 1% chitosan solution, wash the solidified beads, and then put the washed solidified beads into the chitosan solution. Stir for 10–15 minutes, filter out the beads, and pre-dry them with hot air to obtain pre-dried beads. The hot air temperature is 45℃ and the time is 1–2 hours. The target moisture content is 10%–12%. Heat edible wax in a coating pan until it melts at 80°C. Add pre-dried beads and stir to mix, resulting in pre-dried beads with coating. The target total coating amount is 50–100 g wax / kg beads. The stirring speed should not exceed 20 rpm. The pre-dried beads with coating are dried to a target moisture content of no more than 6%.

5. The biological feed for alleviating post-weaning stress in piglets according to claim 4, characterized in that, The composite mineral particles comprise: bentonite, potassium bicarbonate, magnesium oxide, maltodextrin, edible wax, and water; their mass ratio is 60:20:2:10:5; and their preparation method is as follows: Mix bentonite with potassium bicarbonate and magnesium oxide in a mixer for 10 minutes; the mixing speed is 50-60 rpm. Mix maltodextrin and water to obtain an aqueous solution containing maltodextrin. Spray the aqueous solution containing maltodextrin into a stirrer at a solution temperature of 50°C to obtain a clump. Stir at 70-80 rpm for 4-5 minutes. The lumps are fed into a granulator to granulate them into particles; the granulator has a sieve aperture of 2-3 mm. The granules were dried at 50–60°C until the moisture content was 8–10%. Edible wax is heated to a molten state to obtain molten wax. The molten wax is then sprayed onto dried granules to obtain granules with a coating layer. The heating temperature is 80℃. The coated particles are cooled and sieved to a particle size of 1-3 mm to obtain composite mineral particles.

6. A method for preparing a biological feed for alleviating post-weaning stress in piglets as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The preparation method includes: The base material is crushed; the target particle size is no more than 1 mm. Add the crushed corn, wheat, soybean meal, soy protein concentrate and fish meal to a mixer and mix; mix at 60-80 rpm for 4-5 minutes. Add whey powder, skim milk powder, and yeast, and stir; stir at 60–80 rpm for 4–5 minutes. Add organic acid premix, prebiotics, inorganic salts, vitamin and mineral premix, amino acid mixture and probiotic powder, and stir; stir at 100-120 rpm for 6-8 minutes. Spray in vegetable oil during the mixing process; mix at 40-50 rpm for 3-4 minutes. Add the compound mineral granules and enteric flavonoid granules in sequence and stir to obtain wet feed; stir at 20-40 rpm for 3-5 minutes. The wet feed is dried to obtain dry feed; the target moisture content is no more than 10%.