Coal mine surface deformation monitoring method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of mining face rock movement data analysis, in particular to a coal mine surface deformation monitoring method. The method specifically comprises the steps that a ground rock movement observation control network is established, and ground control points are arranged for combined measurement; a ground rock movement observation station is established, rock movement observation lines are set, and observation points are buried; the observation points are comprehensively measured before mining, and original observation data are obtained; during mining, collecting observation data in real time, and calculating and drawing deformation analysis after mining of the working face; and calculating surface movement parameters according to the observation data. According to the method, the technologies of GNSS-RTK observation, airborne LiDAR monitoring, InSAR monitoring and the like are utilized, modeling is conducted on the surface form before stoping, a database is established, along with stoping, real-time data and modeling data are compared, and the deformation amount is calculated. And large-area, all-weather and continuous observation of data can be realized, so that the research level of the surface movement rule of the mountainous area is further improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of mining face rock movement data analysis, and particularly relates to a coal mine surface deformation monitoring method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Due to the fact that the terrain in Shanxi is mainly hilly, it is difficult to monitor the surface of the mountainous area, and in the past, when stations were set up in the mountainous area, the method used in the plain area was often used, so that the observation results were difficult to achieve the desired accuracy. At the same time, due to the limitation of surface observation means, the observation method is only a local observation of the observation line, and the deformation value is observed by means of leveling and total station, and the overall picture of the whole monitoring of the subsidence area cannot be obtained.

[0003] With the development of earth observation technology, especially satellite earth observation technology, including satellite positioning technology (GPS, Beidou), radar remote sensing technology (InSAR), and airborne laser radar technology, the development of mining surface movement and deformation monitoring is promoted, and large-area, all-weather, continuous observation data can be obtained. Therefore, in the observation of the rock movement of the surface of the mountainous area, new technologies and new equipment are used in order to further improve the research level of the surface movement law of the mountainous area. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application provides a coal mine surface deformation monitoring method to solve the problem of difficult monitoring in complex terrain.

[0005] The present application is realized by the following technical scheme: a coal mine surface deformation monitoring method, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1. Establishing a ground rock movement observation control network, laying out ground control points for joint measurement;

[0007] S2. Establishing a ground rock movement observation station, setting up a rock movement observation line, and burying observation points;

[0008] S3. Before mining, comprehensively measuring the observation points to obtain original observation data; during mining, real-time collecting observation data, calculating and drawing a deformation analysis after working face mining;

[0009] S4. Calculating surface movement parameters according to the observation data.

[0010] As a further improvement of the technical scheme of the present application, in step S2, the rock movement observation line setting includes strike observation line setting and inclination observation line setting.

[0011] As a further improvement of the technical scheme of the present application, the strike observation line is located in the strike main section, and the intersection of the angle and the intersection surface of the bedrock and the loose layer is a point, and the intersection point is used to draw a line, and the intersection of the line and the rock movement observation line is the observation point. Draw a line with angle value from the working face to the surface at point O, then the strike observation line is laid at the center of the working face and offset to the down dip , The length of the strike observation line is calculated as follows:

[0012]

[0013] In the formula: is the average mining depth, is the maximum subsidence angle;

[0014] The length of the strike observation line is calculated as follows: draw a line with angle value from the open-off cut to the working face in the advancing direction, and intersect the interface between the bedrock and the loose layer at a point, then draw a line with angle value from the intersection point to the surface at point D. At the stop line of the working face, draw a line with angle value to the outside of the working face, and intersect the interface between the bedrock and the loose layer at a point, then draw a line with angle value from the intersection point to the surface at point F. The length of the strike observation line is calculated as follows:

[0015]

[0016] In the formula: is the thickness of the loose layer, is the length of the working face in the strike direction, is the strike movement angle, is the correction value of the strike movement angle, is the movement angle of the loose layer.

[0017] As a further improvement of the technical scheme of the present application, the inclination observation line is laid along the strike of the ore body.

[0018] The specific position and length calculation method of the inclination observation line are as follows: draw a line with angle value from the upper and lower boundaries of the mining area, and intersect the interface between the bedrock and the loose layer, then draw a line with angle value from the respective intersection points to the surface at points A and B. The length of the inclination observation line AB is calculated as follows:

[0019]

[0020] In the formula: is the length of the working face in the inclination direction, is the down-dip movement angle, is the correction value of the down-dip movement angle, is the up-dip movement angle, is the correction value of the up-dip movement angle, is the dip angle of the coal seam,​​​​​ , respectively are the mining depth of the lower boundary and the upper boundary of the mining area.

[0021] As a further improvement of the technical solution of the present application, the distance from the tendency observation line to the open-off cut should satisfy:

[0022] ;

[0023] When the tendency observation line passes through the fully-mined area, the distance from the tendency observation line to the terminal mining line should satisfy:

[0024] ;

[0025] In the formula: is the fully-mined angle.

[0026] As a further improvement of the technical solution of the present application, when the fully-mined angle is not obtained, the distance from the tendency observation line to the terminal mining line should satisfy: .

[0027] As a further improvement of the technical solution of the present application, in step S2, after the observation point is buried, the plane position and elevation of a control point are determined by measuring between the control point and the ground rock movement observation control network, and then the plane positions of the remaining control points are determined according to the control point.

[0028] As a further improvement of the technical solution of the present application, in step S3, the observation points are comprehensively measured by using level observation, GNSS-RTK observation, airborne LiDAR monitoring or / and InSAR monitoring to obtain observation data.

[0029] As a further improvement of the technical solution of the present application, in step S3, the drawing of the deformation analysis after the working face is mined specifically includes: the subsidence curve, the inclination curve, the curvature curve, the horizontal movement curve and the horizontal deformation curve after the working face is mined.

[0030] As a further improvement of the technical solution of the present application, the selection of the control point needs to follow at least one of the following conditions:

[0031] 1) selecting the control point on the flattened interference diagram;

[0032] 2) selecting a region with high coherence;

[0033] 3) far away from the deformation area;

[0034] 4) avoiding the area with unwrapping error.

[0035] ​​​The coal mine surface deformation monitoring method has the following advantages compared with the prior art.

[0036] The surface morphology before mining is modeled by using GNSS-RTK observation, airborne LiDAR monitoring and InSAR monitoring, a database is established, and the deformation is calculated by comparing the real-time data with the modeling data as the mining progresses. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0037] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated into and form part of the specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the application.

[0038] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the accompanying drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or prior art description will be briefly introduced. Obviously, for those skilled in the art, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings without creative labor.

[0039] Figure 1 A schematic diagram showing the layout of ground control points.

[0040] Figure 2 A main section view along the strike.

[0041] Figure 3 A main section view along the dip.

[0042] Figure 4 A schematic diagram showing the design of observation lines.

[0043] Figure 5 A cumulative surface deformation graph.

[0044] Figure 6 A surface subsidence curve graph along the strike observation line.

[0045] Figure 7 A surface subsidence graph along the dip line.

[0046] Figure 8 A surface subsidence graph in the central area along the dip. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] In order to more clearly illustrate the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the present application, the scheme of the present application will be further described below. It should be noted that the embodiments of the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0048] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a thorough understanding of the application. However, the application can be practiced according to other embodiments that can not be described in detail herein; and, obviously, modifications and adaptations to the methods and procedures described herein are possible using the knowledge in this field of art.

[0049] A certain mining area in Shanxi Province is taken as an example to illustrate the embodiments of the application in detail.

[0050] A coal mine surface deformation monitoring method, comprising the following steps:

[0051] S1. Establishing a ground rock movement observation control network, and laying out ground control points for joint measurement.

[0052] The selection of control points should follow:

[0053] 1) Preferably, the control points are selected on the flattened interferogram to avoid areas where the terrain phase has not been removed and areas with changes;

[0054] 2) Select areas with high coherence;

[0055] 3) Away from the deformation area;

[0056] 4) Avoid areas with unwrapping errors, and cannot be located on the phase jump of unwrapping errors.

[0057] Mine control point situation: According to the ground rock movement observation control network, combined with the ground control point layout situation, select D-level control points Xiaomiao and Tailuolu as joint measurement control points, and the coal transportation road as a backup control point, as shown in Figure 1 , and the control points are checked by the method of multiple control point joint measurement. When the fixed error is less than 10 mm and the proportional error is less than 10 mm, it can be used.

[0058] (1) Design and select the rock movement parameters to be used:

[0059] According to the previous 2303 observation station results: strike movement angle 62°, up-mountain movement angle 63°, down-mountain movement angle 63°, strike boundary angle 54°, down-mountain boundary angle 50°, up-mountain boundary angle 52°, and the maximum subsidence angle is 88°.

[0060] According to the previous 4302 observation station results: down-mountain comprehensive boundary angle 50.86°, up-mountain comprehensive boundary angle 54.97°, strike comprehensive boundary angle 64.79°, down-mountain comprehensive movement angle 72.42°, up-mountain comprehensive movement angle 77.74°, and the maximum subsidence angle is 85.44°.

[0061] According to the rock movement parameters, the design parameters of the observation station are selected as the strike movement angle , and the up-mountain movement angle Inclined to move downhill at an angle Maximum sink angle The loose layer has a movement angle φ = 45°. Based on the comprehensive stratigraphic column analysis, the loose layer thickness is 2.7m, and the average mining depth is approximately 532.3m. According to the regulations, the movement angle correction value needs to be adjusted based on the coal seam dip angle during design. The correction value is... .

[0062] S2. Establish a ground-based rock movement observation station, set up rock movement observation lines, and bury observation points.

[0063] Considering topography, mountain slopes, and vegetation cover, the rock movement observation lines at ground-based rock movement observation stations include strike observation lines (SN lines) and dip observation lines (EW lines), such as... Figure 2 As shown. The dip observation line runs along the width of the working face, in an east-west direction, while the strike observation line runs north-south. The proposed surface rock movement observation station is designed as follows:

[0064] 2.1 Observation line (SN line)

[0065] The strike observation line is located within the strike main section, and a self-cutting eye is used on the strike main section. The corner intersects the interface between the bedrock and the loose layer at a single point, and this intersection point is then used as... If the slash line is drawn in the direction of the working face advance and intersects the ground surface at point O, then the strike observation line is laid out at the center of the working face and offsets downhill. , Calculated using the following formula:

[0066]

[0067] In the formula: For average mining depth, This is the maximum sink angle; The observation line should be set at a position 32.6m downhill from the center of the working face.

[0068] The length of the observation line is calculated as follows: from the direction of advancement from the incision eye towards the working face, using the angle value... Draw lines and intersect them at a single point at the interface between the bedrock and the loose layer, then use this intersection point as... The slash line intersects the ground at point D; at the stop line of the working face, the angle value towards the outer side of the working face. Draw lines and intersect them at a single point at the interface between the bedrock and the loose layer. Then, from this intersection point, use... The doodle intersects the ground at point F, as shown. Figure 3 As shown, the length of the observation line is... Calculated using the following formula:

[0069]

[0070] wherein: is the loose layer thickness, is the working face strike length, is the strike movement angle, is the strike movement angle correction value, is the loose layer movement angle. .

[0071] 2.2 Trend observation line (EW line)

[0072] The trend observation line is laid along the ore body strike, specifically, according to the maximum subsidence value, the maximum surface subsidence point is determined on the strike main section, a profile line is drawn through the point along the ore body strike, i.e. the trend observation line plane position is obtained, and the boundary points of the mining influence range are determined according to the movement angle value. The working face surface rock movement observation station is laid along the trend to obtain a trend observation line (EW line).

[0073] The length of the trend observation is determined on the movement basin trend main section. The specific position of the trend observation line and the length calculation method are as follows: from the upper and lower boundaries of the mining area, the lines are drawn at the angle values and respectively, and intersect with the bedrock and loose layer interface, and then the respective intersection points are drawn at the angle of to intersect with the surface at points A and B, then the length AB of the trend observation line is calculated as follows:

[0074]

[0075] wherein: is the working face trend length, is the downhill movement angle, is the downhill movement angle correction value, is the uphill movement angle, is the uphill movement angle correction value, is the coal seam dip angle, , are the mining depths of the lower boundary and the upper boundary of the mining area respectively. In this embodiment, AB = 1103.4 m.

[0076] The distance of the trend observation line to the open-off cut should satisfy:

[0077] ; is greater than or equal to 298.8 m.

[0078] When the trend observation line passes through the fully mined area, the distance of the trend observation line to the final mining line should satisfy:

[0079] ;

[0080] wherein: is the fully-mined angle.

[0081] The distance from the tendency observation line to the final mining line in this embodiment is The following should be met: . greater than or equal to 372.6 m.

[0082] As shown in Figure 4 , due to the complex topography in this embodiment, a tendency observation line (EW line) is set at a distance of 298.8 m from the open cut. In order to obtain more tendency observation data, an observation line is also set at a distance of 372.6 m from the final mining line, and a small number of observation points are laid out.

[0083] 2.3 Specific determination of the observation line

[0084] The length AB of the tendency observation line obtained from the above theoretical calculation is 1103.4 m, i.e. the EX line in the figure, named Xishan Road-Dongshan Boundary Line, and the actual layout is 1398 m, i.e. D4-D3-X1-X5-X25-X26-X39-X40-X41, with a tendency line q1-q12 in the middle.

[0085] The length of the strike observation line obtained from the above theoretical calculation is , i.e. the SN line in the figure, named Xiyushan Temple-Gou South Line. Due to topographical reasons, the actual layout is 1756 m, i.e. P3-d1-d3-P1-p19-W32-W18, with 138 observation points buried. An additional observation line K2-W14-W17-W23 is laid out to monitor the impact of mining on Anjia Village. Considering the complex terrain of the survey area, there are many cliffs and forests, and the layout will be adjusted according to the actual topography and geomorphology, basically along the road.

[0086] After the observation points are buried for 10-15 days and the point positions are consolidated, before mining, in order to determine the mutual positional relationship between the observation station and the mining working face, first, the measurement between a certain control point and the ground rock movement observation control network is carried out to determine the plane position and elevation of the control point, and then the plane position of the remaining control points is determined according to the control point. Continuous measurement needs to be carried out twice independently, and the determination method can be based on the distribution of the mine control network and the topographical conditions. GNSS static measurement is used to determine the control point data.

[0087] The plane connection measurement is to determine the plane position of the working measurement point of the observation line according to the accuracy requirement that the point position error is less than 7 cm from the control point with known coordinates. There are 9 control points in the measurement area, and the plane coordinates of the control points are obtained through GNSS static observation. The known control points are Xiaomiao and Tailuolu (the coal transportation highway is a backup control point). Taking D4 and K2 as examples, four GNSS receivers are set up on D4, K2, Xiaomiao and Tailuolu for static observation. The obtained observation data is solved by using the South GNSS data processing software to obtain the coordinates of the unknown control points.

[0088] When determining the elevation, the leveling elevation is used. The leveling elevation is obtained by subtracting the normal height obtained by leveling measurement from the geodetic height obtained by measurement, obtaining the elevation anomaly, and calculating the elevation anomaly to obtain the elevation anomaly of the unknown point. Three known points are used to determine three parameters by using a polynomial to determine the abnormal value, so as to obtain the leveling elevation.

[0089] S3. Before mining, the observation points are comprehensively measured to obtain the original observation data; during mining, the observation data is collected in real time, and the deformation analysis after the working face is mined is calculated and drawn.

[0090] In order to determine the original observation data, two comprehensive measurements are carried out before mining (the interval between the two times is not more than 5 days); the number of leveling measurements between the first and last comprehensive observations can be appropriately increased to determine whether the ground surface starts to move and whether the movement ends. When the working face is advanced by a certain distance (equivalent to 0.1-0.5 average mining depth ), the ground surface which is expected to move first is selected, and the time interval of repeated leveling measurement is determined according to the sinking speed of the ground surface, which is generally observed once every 1-3 months.

[0091] ① Requirements for comprehensive observation

[0092] Before mining, the elevation difference of the same point measured twice should not be greater than 10 mm, the elevation difference of the same side measured twice should not be greater than 4 mm, and the difference between the horizontal angle of this observation and the last observation should not be more than ( the mean square error of the angle of the traverse) to take the average value as the original data of the observation. At the same time, according to the measured data, each point is plotted on the design plane of the observation station.

[0093] The number of comprehensive observations during the whole movement depends on the purpose of the station (ground rock movement observation station). If the station is only for studying the deformation law of the stable surface movement (static), only the first and last comprehensive observations are needed. Of course, in order to facilitate comparison and analysis, 1-2 times of comprehensive observations should be appropriately increased during the movement. If the purpose of the station is to study the dynamic surface movement deformation law during the mining process, the number of comprehensive observations should be increased during the movement, especially in the active stage of the movement, and the observation quality should be ensured.

[0094] ②Method of comprehensive observation

[0095] The comprehensive observation adopts leveling observation, GNSS-RTK observation, airborne LiDAR monitoring or / and InSAR monitoring to comprehensively measure the observation points and obtain observation data.

[0096] The specific content is as follows:

[0097] Leveling observation: Four-level measurement is performed along the strike observation line and the tendency observation line from the control points arranged in the measurement area, and the specific observation route is K2-W1-W18-W42-p19-p10-p1-d1-d3, d3-d1-p1-p10-x25-x27-x40-x41, D3-x1-x5-x1-D3, etc. Three leveling lines.

[0098] GNSS-RTK observation: Seven parameters are obtained by using any four control points, and three-dimensional coordinate acquisition of each monitoring point is performed by using GNSS-RTK technology.

[0099] In the specific implementation, the comprehensive measurement is performed before mining (December 20, 2022). After the mining of the working face is stable (June 23, 2024), the comprehensive measurement is performed. The number of leveling measurements is appropriately increased between the first and last comprehensive observations, so as to determine whether the surface starts to move and whether it is stable, and the working face is pushed forward by a certain distance (equivalent to 0.1-0.5 average mining depth ), in the surface that is expected to move first, make 1 leveling. Repeat the time interval of the leveling, depending on the speed of the subsidence of the ground, generally every 1 month to 3 months, in the active stage of movement, should also increase the number of leveling observations in the area with larger subsidence. Due to the epidemic from December 2022 to June 2023, it was difficult to travel and measure, but we still completed the station observation and the last observation as required, and conducted 9 GNSS-RTK daily observations during the settlement period, the dates were December 20, 2022, the first station observation, followed by 9 daily observations, most of the observation period was about 25-35 days, and the working face ended on March 10, 2024. Due to snow cover in the mountainous area during the winter, a comprehensive observation was conducted again on June 23, 2024-June 29, 2024.

[0100] Airborne LiDAR observation: Use Feima D2000 multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle to carry DLidar2000 laser radar module to obtain point cloud data in the survey area. After calculation, the DEM model of the survey area is obtained.

[0101] Point cloud calculation is the process of solving three-dimensional point cloud. Through the calculation of point cloud, combined with the round-trip time of laser pulse hitting the target and the position and attitude information of laser at that time, the three-dimensional coordinates of laser foot points are obtained. First, convert the time interval value in the original laser data to distance value, correct the device error, calculate the three-dimensional point coordinates using POS data, analyze the three-dimensional coordinates of all laser points, eliminate gross errors, and check the positioning error using the stacking information of the flight strip. If the accuracy meets the requirements, output the point cloud data and complete the point cloud calculation step.

[0102] Import the laser correction parameter file and original data of LiDAR into the module, select all point cloud data, and calculate the point cloud according to the laser correction parameters of LiDAR and the set field angle parameters. The point cloud raw data obtained by airborne LiDAR contains many noise points, which need to be denoised. Use irregular triangle interpolation method to construct DEM of the survey area, and the grid spacing is 1 meter.

[0103] InSAR observation: download and process Sentinel SAR image data.

[0104] After interferometric processing of the acquired SAR data covering Changping Coal Mine, the cumulative ground deformation map of the study area from December 1, 2022 to April 1, 2024 was obtained (as shown in Figure 5). According to the geographical range of the coal mine, it can be clearly seen from the figure that there is a subsidence basin in the monitoring area, because the working face of the coal mine is being mined within the time series studied, the center of the subsidence basin is at the center position of the working face, and the subsidence basin affects most of the area of the working face, forming a subsidence trend that the center of the working face is significantly larger than the two ends. In order to better qualitatively analyze the mining subsidence law of the study area, the profile along the strike line of the working face is drawn, and the time series profile graph is drawn. It is found that the maximum subsidence occurs in the center of the working face, which conforms to the general law of mining subsidence, and the maximum subsidence value of the edge of the subsidence basin is about 59.81mm. According to the contour line of 10mm, the subsidence value is retained, and by comparing the edge value of the working face with the leveling and GNSS measurement results, it is found that the InSAR monitoring results are consistent with the subsidence trend results monitored by the two.

[0105] Drawing the deformation analysis after the working face is mined specifically includes: subsidence curve after the working face is mined.

[0106] This embodiment adopts GNSS-RTK observation and analysis, and takes the intersection O (X=3970770.0371, Y=525748.5805) of the strike and tendency lines of the working face as the center point. The subsidence curve of each observation line is as shown in Figures 6-8 .

[0107] S4. According to the observation data, the surface movement parameters are calculated.

[0108] Through comprehensive processing and analysis of the observation data, the project calculates the key rock movement parameters of the working face, including dynamic movement parameters, starting distance of 75m, average advance influence distance of L=118m, advance influence angle of 77.5°, average maximum subsidence speed of 42.44mm / d, and average maximum subsidence speed lag angle of 75.1º. The angle value parameters of the surface movement deformation are calculated, wherein the strike boundary angle is calculated to be 65.1°, the uphill boundary angle is 56.12°; the strike direction movement angle is 73.3º; the crack angle is , and the loose layer movement angle is 45º. The probability integral method prediction parameters are calculated, the subsidence coefficient under insufficient mining is q=0.71, the subsidence coefficient under sufficient mining is q=87, the horizontal movement coefficient is b=0.22, the main influence radius is r=190m, the main influence angle tangent tanβ=2.74, , the mining influence propagation angle is 83.4°, etc.

[0109] The technical effects of this embodiment are:

[0110] ① Ground surface rock movement observation station design. Combined with the topographic and geomorphic features, a ground surface rock movement observation station suitable for complex conditions in mountainous areas is designed. The layout of the observation line fully considers factors such as topography, vegetation coverage and geological conditions. The observation station design includes a dip observation line and a strike observation line, which are optimized and adjusted for different topographic features to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the observation data. This design scheme can effectively reflect the range and variation of surface subsidence, providing scientific guidance for mining activities in the mining area.

[0111] ② Construction of ground surface rock movement observation control network. In this embodiment, a ground surface rock movement observation control network for the 6301 working face of Changping Mine is established by combining traditional leveling methods. By combining various measurement techniques, the measurement accuracy is improved, and the stability of the monitoring network and the reliability of the data are enhanced. This control network lays a solid foundation for subsequent data processing and surface movement analysis, including the establishment of 9 control points, 1 observation line along the strike, and 1 observation line along the dip.

[0112] ③ Multi-source data fusion and analysis. By fusing GNSS, InSAR and LiDAR multi-source data, this embodiment realizes comprehensive monitoring of the surface subsidence of the working face. The fusion of multi-source data fully compensates for the shortcomings of point-like observation points, fully monitors the range and subsidence of the entire subsidence area, and ensures the spatio-temporal continuity of the data. In particular, in the application of InSAR technology, the range of the subsidence basin edge is successfully monitored. The surface subsidence value is obtained by the change in the multi-period DEM elevation of LiDAR data, and InSAR monitoring has high accuracy in small deformation monitoring areas at the edge of the subsidence basin. LiDAR data is good for large deformation monitoring, but the accuracy is lower when the terrain elevation changes greatly, with an accuracy error of 100-80mm.

[0113] The above is only a specific embodiment of the present application, which enables those skilled in the art to understand or implement the present application. Although detailed descriptions are made with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or some or all of the technical features can be replaced by equivalents; and these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solution to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments, and they should all be covered in the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring surface deformation in coal mines, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Establish a ground-based rock movement observation and control network, and set up ground control points for joint measurement; S2. Establish a ground-based rock movement observation station, set up rock movement observation lines, and install observation points; S3. Before mining, conduct comprehensive measurements of the observation points to obtain raw observation data; during mining, collect observation data in real time, calculate and draw deformation analysis after the working face is mined; S4. Calculate the surface movement parameters based on the observation data.

2. The method for monitoring surface deformation in coal mines according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the setting of the rock movement observation line includes the setting of the strike observation line and the setting of the dip observation line.

3. The method for monitoring surface deformation in coal mines according to claim 2, characterized in that, The strike observation line is located within the strike main section, and a self-cutting eye is used on the strike main section. The corner intersects the interface between the bedrock and the loose layer at a single point, and this intersection point is then used as... If the slash line is drawn in the direction of the working face advance and intersects the ground surface at point O, then the strike observation line is laid out at the center of the working face and offsets downhill. , Calculated using the following formula: ； In the formula: For average mining depth, This is the maximum sink angle; The length of the observation line is calculated as follows: from the direction of the incision eye toward the working face, using the angle value... Draw lines and intersect them at a single point at the interface between the bedrock and the loose layer, then use this intersection point as... The slash line intersects the ground at point D; at the stop line of the working face, the angle value towards the outer side of the working face. Draw lines and intersect them at points on the interfaces between the bedrock and the loose layer, then use [method / method] from this intersection point. If the dextral line intersects the ground at point F, then the length of the observation line is... Calculated using the following formula: ； In the formula: For the thickness of the loose layer, The length of the working face. To move to the desired angle, To correct the movement angle, The angle of movement of the loose layer.

4. The method for monitoring surface deformation in coal mines according to claim 3, characterized in that, The dip observation lines are laid out along the strike of the ore body; The specific location and length calculation method of the aforementioned trend observation line are as follows: the upper and lower boundaries of the self-collection area are respectively expressed as angle values. and Draw a line and make it intersect the interface between the bedrock and the loose layer, then use the respective intersection points... The datum line intersects the ground at points A and B. The length AB of the dip observation line is calculated using the following formula: ； In the formula: For the working face dip length, For the angle of movement downhill, This is the correction value for the downhill movement angle. For moving uphill, This is the correction value for the uphill movement angle. The dip angle of the coal seam. , These represent the mining depths at the lower and upper boundaries of the mining area, respectively.

5. The method for monitoring surface deformation in coal mines according to claim 4, characterized in that, The distance from the tactile observation line to the incisional eye It should meet the following requirements: ； When the dip observation line passes through the fully mined area, the distance from the dip observation line to the final mining line. It should meet the following requirements: ； In the formula: To fully utilize the angle.

6. The method for monitoring surface deformation in coal mines according to claim 5, characterized in that, When a sufficient sampling angle is not obtained, the distance from the dip observation line to the final sampling line It should meet the following requirements: .

7. A method for monitoring surface deformation in coal mines according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, In step S2, after the observation points are installed, a measurement is taken between a certain control point and the ground rock movement observation control network to determine the plane position and elevation of the control point. Then, the plane position of the remaining control points is determined based on the control point.

8. The method for monitoring surface deformation in coal mines according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step S3, a comprehensive measurement of the observation points is carried out using leveling observation, GNSS-RTK observation, airborne LiDAR monitoring and / or InSAR monitoring to obtain observation data.

9. A method for monitoring surface deformation in coal mines according to claim 8, characterized in that, In step S3, the deformation analysis of the working face after mining specifically includes: the subsidence curve, tilt curve, curvature curve, horizontal movement curve, and horizontal deformation curve after mining.

10. A method for monitoring surface deformation in coal mines according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The selection of the control points must meet at least one of the following conditions: 1) Select control points on the flattened interferogram; 2) Select areas with high coherence; 3) Stay away from the deformation zone; 4) Avoid untangling the wrong area.

Images