Experimental method for pollution prevention and control effect of uranium tailings pond and pollution prevention and control method

Abstract

The invention discloses a pollution prevention and control effect experiment method for a uranium tailing pond and a pollution prevention and control method, and relates to the field of uranium tailing pond governing.The method comprises the steps that in-situ soil of the uranium tailing pond to be governed is collected, and the leveled in-situ soil serves as an experiment site; detecting the radon exhalation rate of the experimental field before the experimental field is covered; respectively adopting different materials to sequentially form total covering layers with different thicknesses on the experimental field according to a sequence from thin to thick, and detecting the radon exhalation rate when the experimental field is covered after the total covering layer is formed every time; according to the radon exhalation rate of the experimental site before and when the experimental site is covered, the pollution prevention and control effects of the total covering layer under different thicknesses and different materials are determined, and then a target covering scheme of the uranium tailings pond to be treated is determined; according to the method, the pollution prevention and control effects of different coverage schemes on the uranium tailing pond to be treated can be efficiently and systematically tested, so that the target coverage scheme of the uranium tailing pond to be treated can be determined.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of uranium tailings dam management, and in particular to an experimental method and a pollution control method for uranium tailings dams. Background Technology

[0002] In uranium mine decommissioning projects, tailings dam management constitutes the core of the project in terms of both engineering volume and capital investment, and its management effectiveness directly determines the final outcome of mine ecological restoration. The scientific construction of a tailings management system can not only achieve synergistic optimization of management costs and resource input, but also significantly improve the long-term stability of pollution control.

[0003] Soil smothering is currently the primary method for managing uranium tailings, and its effectiveness depends heavily on the smothering scheme. The design of the smothering scheme must strictly adhere to the three-pronged principle of "geological compatibility, economic feasibility, and engineering sustainability." An inappropriate smothering scheme can not only cause significant economic losses and waste of human resources but also lead to the failure of the anti-seepage system, resulting in secondary pollution and prolonging the ecological restoration cycle. However, there is currently a lack of systematic and efficient experimental methods to test the pollution control effects of different uranium tailings dam smothering schemes. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide an experimental method and a pollution control method for uranium tailings ponds, which can efficiently and systematically test the pollution control effects of different covering schemes on uranium tailings ponds to be treated, thereby determining the target covering scheme for the uranium tailings ponds to be treated. This solves the problem of the current lack of an experimental method that can systematically and efficiently test the pollution control effects of different uranium tailings pond covering schemes.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following solution: Firstly, this application provides an experimental method for the pollution control effect of a uranium tailings dam covering scheme, including: In-situ soil samples were collected from the uranium tailings dam to be treated, and the leveled in-situ soil was used as the experimental site. The radon emission rate of the experimental field before it was covered was detected; Different materials were used to form total covering layers of different thicknesses on the experimental site in order from thin to thick, and the radon emission rate of the experimental site was detected after each total covering layer was formed. The pollution control effect of the total covering layer under different thicknesses and materials was determined based on the radon release rate of the experimental site before and during covering. The target covering scheme for the uranium tailings pond to be treated is determined based on the pollution control effect of the total covering layer under different thicknesses and different materials. The target covering scheme includes covering the uranium tailings pond to be treated with a total covering layer of target thickness formed by using target materials.

[0006] Secondly, this application provides a pollution control method for uranium tailings ponds, including: The target coverage scheme for the uranium tailings dam to be treated was determined by the experimental method for pollution control effect of the uranium tailings dam coverage scheme described in the first aspect. The target coverage scheme is used to control and manage pollution in the uranium tailings pond to be treated.

[0007] According to the specific embodiments provided in this application, the following technical effects are disclosed: This application provides an experimental method and a pollution control method for uranium tailings ponds, using radon emanation rate as an evaluation index for pollution control effectiveness. In the experiment, firstly, in-situ soil from the uranium tailings pond to be treated is collected and leveled as the experimental site. This effectively simulates the actual soil environment of the uranium tailings pond, making the experimental results closer to the actual pollution control effect under the uranium tailings pond. To verify the inhibitory effect of each covering scheme on radon emanation rate, the radon emanation rate of the experimental site before covering is measured as a reference value. The greater the decrease in radon emanation rate after covering compared to the reference value, the better the pollution control effect of the corresponding covering scheme. Then, various covering schemes need to be developed under different experimental conditions. These different covering schemes include using different materials and different thicknesses of the total covering layer to cover the experimental site. Therefore, the different experimental conditions include different materials and different thicknesses of the total covering layer. To efficiently and systematically develop different covering schemes and test the radon emission rate of the experimental site under each scheme, this embodiment uses different materials to form total covering layers of varying thicknesses on the experimental site in an order from thin to thick. The radon emission rate of the experimental site is measured after each total covering layer is formed. This allows us to obtain the pollution control effect of each material at different thicknesses on the experimental site. Based on the experimental data, we can then determine the material and thickness of the total covering layer with the best or most suitable pollution control effect. The selected material is the target material, and the selected thickness is the target thickness. Using the target material to form a total covering layer of the target thickness constitutes the target covering scheme for the uranium tailings dam to be treated. Attached Figure Description

[0008] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0009] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of an experimental method for the pollution control effect of a uranium tailings dam covering scheme in one embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a flowchart of a pollution control method for a uranium tailings pond according to an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0010] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0011] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0012] In one exemplary embodiment, an experimental method for the pollution control effect of a uranium tailings dam covering scheme is provided, referring to... Figure 1 It includes steps 110 to 150.

[0013] Step 110: Obtain the in-situ soil of the uranium tailings dam to be treated, and use the leveled in-situ soil as the experimental site.

[0014] Step 120: Detect the radon release rate of the experimental field before it is covered.

[0015] Step 130: Using different materials, total covering layers of different thicknesses are formed on the experimental site in order from thin to thick, and the radon release rate of the experimental site is detected after each total covering layer is formed.

[0016] Step 140: Determine the pollution control effect of the total covering layer under different thicknesses and materials based on the radon release rate of the experimental site before and during covering.

[0017] Step 150: Determine the target coverage scheme for the uranium tailings pond to be treated based on the pollution control effect of the total cover layer under different thicknesses and different materials. The target cover scheme includes using the target material to form a total cover layer of the target thickness to cover the uranium tailings pond to be treated.

[0018] For the method of controlling pollution in uranium tailings ponds by using in-situ soil covering, steps 110 to 150 above can test the pollution control effects of different covering schemes on uranium tailings ponds to be treated.

[0019] In this embodiment, radon emission rate is used as the evaluation index for pollution control effectiveness. During the experiment, in-situ soil from the uranium tailings pond to be treated was first collected and leveled as the experimental site. This effectively simulates the actual soil environment of the uranium tailings pond, making the experimental results closer to the actual pollution control effect under the uranium tailings pond. To verify the inhibitory effect of each covering scheme on radon emission rate, the radon emission rate of the experimental site before covering is measured as a reference value. The greater the decrease in radon emission rate after covering compared to the reference value, the better the pollution control effect of the corresponding covering scheme. Then, various covering schemes need to be developed under different experimental conditions. These different covering schemes include using different materials and different thicknesses of the total covering layer to cover the experimental site. Therefore, the different experimental conditions include different materials and different thicknesses of the total covering layer. To efficiently and systematically form different coverage schemes and detect the radon emission rate of the experimental site under each scheme, this embodiment uses different materials to form total coverage layers of varying thicknesses on the experimental site in an order from thin to thick. After each total coverage layer is formed, the radon emission rate of the experimental site is detected while it is covered. For example, firstly, the thinnest total coverage layer is formed on the experimental site using the first material, and the radon emission rate is detected once. Then, the first material is used again to form a thicker total coverage layer, and the radon emission rate is detected again. This process is repeated until the total coverage layer thickness reaches a preset value. This demonstrates the pollution control effect of the first material covering the experimental site at different thicknesses. Similarly, after the detection of the first material is completed, the second material is used to cover the experimental site following the same covering steps, thus demonstrating the pollution control effect of the second material covering the experimental site at different thicknesses. By covering the experimental site with all available materials, the pollution control effect of each material at different thicknesses can be obtained. Based on the experimental data, the material and thickness of the overall covering layer with the best or most suitable pollution control effect can be determined. The selected material is the target material, and the selected thickness is the target thickness. Using the target material to form the overall covering layer of the target thickness constitutes the target covering scheme for the uranium tailings dam to be treated.

[0020] In summary, the experimental method for pollution control of uranium tailings dam covering schemes provided in this embodiment can efficiently and systematically test the pollution control effects of different covering schemes on uranium tailings dams to be treated, thereby determining the target covering scheme for the uranium tailings dam to be treated. This solves the current lack of an experimental method that can systematically and efficiently test the pollution control effects of different uranium tailings dam covering schemes.

[0021] Preferably, different materials are used to form total cover layers of different thicknesses on the experimental site in order from thin to thick. Specifically, this includes: laying multiple unit cover layers on the experimental site using different materials, with each unit cover layer forming a total cover layer of different thicknesses.

[0022] To further systematize the experimental process, this embodiment defines unit cover layers. A unit cover layer is a cover layer with a specific thickness and represents the smallest unit in the process of increasing the thickness of the total cover layer. This allows for total cover layers of different thicknesses to sequentially have one, two, three, ..., N unit cover layers, where N is the preset maximum number of unit cover layers. By setting unit cover layers, not only can the process of increasing the thickness of the total cover layer be standardized, but it also ensures that there are total cover layers of different materials with the same thickness, thus allowing for comparison of the pollution control effects of different materials at the same thickness.

[0023] For example, the thickness of the unit cover layer can be 20 centimeters; the maximum number of unit cover layers can be 5.

[0024] Specifically, in this embodiment, the types of materials include solid natural materials and artificial materials. For example, solid natural materials include sand, clay, sandy loam, loess, gravel, and other materials, while artificial materials include asphalt, cement mortar, concrete, geomembranes, and polyethylene.

[0025] Specifically, in this embodiment, the pollution control effect can be characterized by the control coefficient A, which is: in, J 0 This indicates the radon release rate of the experimental field before it was covered. J c This indicates the radon release rate when the experimental site is covered.

[0026] The larger the resistance coefficient, the lower the radon release rate of the experimental site when it is covered, meaning that the covering scheme has a better effect on suppressing the radon release rate, and the better the pollution suppression effect of the corresponding covering scheme.

[0027] Specifically, in this embodiment, the radon exhalation rate of the experimental site can be detected using an ERS-2-S (Electrostatic-Radon-Sampler) type electrostatic radon sampler. For example, its specific operation is as follows: 1. Remove the sealing cap of the radon collection chamber of the fully charged sampler, install a silicone ring at the chamber opening (to seal and prevent soil contamination of the bottom layer), place it in a ventilated area for about 15 minutes to remove the radon gas and its decay products that were trapped in the chamber in the previous experiment, place the sampler at the measurement point on the pre-leveled experimental site, and compact the edge of the sampler with soil near the measurement point.

[0028] 2. Turn on the power supply, fuse, high voltage switch and screen display in sequence, and set the measurement cycle and total measurement time.

[0029] 3. After measurement, turn off the high voltage, screen display, power supply, and fuse. Remove any radon gas and its decay products remaining in the cavity in a well-ventilated area. 3. Connect to a computer terminal using a dedicated data cable, read the corresponding periodic sequence spectrum data through the terminal software, and save it as a text document for later calculation.

[0030] 4. Open the data processing software (Tracerlab-Spectrum-Software) on the computer terminal, read in the corresponding radon exhalation rate point txt text document, observe the data change trend, select appropriate fitting start and end points, select linear fitting and exponential fitting, and record the radon exhalation rate value calculated by the software.

[0031] It should be noted that, to improve the accuracy of radon leaching rate detection, multiple locations within the experimental site can be measured, and the average value can be used as the radon leaching rate for the experimental site. The radon leaching rate of the experimental site before and after coverage can be measured using the above method.

[0032] In this embodiment, different methods can be used to determine the target coverage scheme for the uranium tailings dam to be treated.

[0033] In one example, the target coverage scheme for the uranium tailings dam to be treated is determined based on the pollution control effect of the total cover layer under different thicknesses and materials. Specifically, this includes: performing data fitting on the pollution control effect of the total cover layer under different thicknesses and materials to obtain a prediction model of the pollution control effect with respect to thickness and material; and determining the target coverage scheme for the uranium tailings dam to be treated based on the prediction model.

[0034] The pollution control effect prediction model based on thickness and material can determine the corresponding pollution control effect based on a given thickness and material, and conversely, determine the corresponding thickness and material based on the pollution control effect. Thus, it can determine the thickness and material corresponding to the ideal pollution control effect for the uranium tailings dam to be treated.

[0035] In another example, the target cover scheme for the uranium tailings dam to be treated is determined based on the pollution control effect of the total cover layer under different thicknesses and different materials. Specifically, based on the pollution control effect of the total cover layer under different thicknesses and different materials, the thickness and material with the best pollution control effect are selected from different thicknesses and different materials as the target thickness and target material, respectively.

[0036] Unlike the previous example, this example selects the thickness and material with the best pollution control effect from the different thicknesses and materials tested, respectively, as the target thickness and target material. This eliminates the data fitting process, making the calculation simpler, but it is prone to being limited to local optima.

[0037] Both examples have their own advantages and disadvantages, so the appropriate implementation method can be selected according to the actual situation.

[0038] In this embodiment, preferably, a total covering layer of different thicknesses and made of different materials is formed sequentially in order from thin to thick on the experimental site. Specifically, this includes: dividing the experimental site into multiple areas; and forming a total covering layer of different thicknesses in different areas using different materials in order from thin to thick.

[0039] By dividing the test area into different zones, different materials can be tested simultaneously. This significantly improves experimental efficiency compared to repeatedly clearing the overall coating layer to test different materials on the same test site.

[0040] In another exemplary embodiment, a pollution control method for a uranium tailings dam is also provided, referring to... Figure 2 It includes steps 210 and 220.

[0041] Step 210: Determine the target coverage scheme for the uranium tailings dam to be treated by means of the pollution control effect test method of the uranium tailings dam coverage scheme in the above embodiment.

[0042] Step 220: Use the target coverage scheme to carry out pollution control and treatment of the uranium tailings pond to be treated.

[0043] Since the pollution control effect experiment method of the uranium tailings dam covering scheme in the previous embodiment can systematically and effectively determine the target covering scheme of the uranium tailings dam, the pollution control method of the uranium tailings dam in this embodiment also has a high pollution control effect.

[0044] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0045] This document uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the methods and core ideas of this application. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of this application, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

Claims

1. An experimental method for the pollution control effect of a uranium tailings dam covering scheme, characterized in that, include: In-situ soil samples were collected from the uranium tailings dam to be treated, and the leveled in-situ soil was used as the experimental site. The radon emission rate of the experimental field before it was covered was detected; Different materials were used to form total covering layers of different thicknesses on the experimental site in order from thin to thick, and the radon emission rate of the experimental site was detected after each total covering layer was formed. The pollution control effect of the total covering layer under different thicknesses and materials was determined based on the radon release rate of the experimental site before and during covering. The target covering scheme for the uranium tailings pond to be treated is determined based on the pollution control effect of the total covering layer under different thicknesses and different materials. The target covering scheme includes covering the uranium tailings pond to be treated with a total covering layer of target thickness formed by using target materials.

2. The experimental method for pollution control effect of the uranium tailings dam covering scheme according to claim 1, characterized in that, Different materials were used to form a total coating layer of varying thickness on the experimental site, in order from thin to thick, specifically including: Multiple unit covering layers were laid sequentially on the experimental site using different materials, and the different unit covering layers formed a total covering layer of different thicknesses.

3. The experimental method for pollution control effect of the uranium tailings dam covering scheme according to claim 2, characterized in that, The thickness of the unit cover layer is 20 centimeters; And / or, the maximum number of layers in the unit cover layer is 5.

4. The experimental method for pollution control effect of the uranium tailings dam covering scheme according to claim 1, characterized in that, The types of materials include solid natural materials and artificial materials; The solid natural materials include sand, clay, sandy loam, loess, sand and gravel; The artificial materials include asphalt, cement mortar, concrete, geomembrane, and polyethylene film.

5. The experimental method for pollution control effect of the uranium tailings dam covering scheme according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pollution control effect is characterized by a control coefficient A, which is: in, J 0 This indicates the radon emission rate of the experimental site before it was covered. J c This indicates the radon release rate when the experimental site is covered.

6. The experimental method for pollution control effect of the uranium tailings dam covering scheme according to claim 1, characterized in that, The radon release rate at the experimental site was detected using an ERS-2-S type electrostatic radon sampler.

7. The experimental method for pollution control effect of the uranium tailings dam covering scheme according to claim 1, characterized in that, The target cover scheme for the uranium tailings dam to be treated is determined based on the pollution control effect of the total cover layer under different thicknesses and materials, specifically including: Data fitting was performed on the pollution control effect of the total coating layer under different thicknesses and different materials to obtain a prediction model of the pollution control effect with respect to thickness and material. The target coverage scheme for the uranium tailings dam to be treated is determined based on the prediction model.

8. The experimental method for pollution control effect of the uranium tailings dam covering scheme according to claim 1, characterized in that, The target cover scheme for the uranium tailings dam to be treated is determined based on the pollution control effect of the total cover layer under different thicknesses and materials, specifically including: Based on the pollution control effect of the total coating layer under different thicknesses and different materials, the target thickness and target material with the best pollution control effect are selected from the different thicknesses and different materials.

9. The experimental method for pollution control effect of the uranium tailings dam covering scheme according to claim 1, characterized in that, On the experimental site, a total covering layer of different thicknesses and composed of different materials is formed sequentially in order from thin to thick, specifically including: The experimental site was divided into multiple areas; Different materials are used in different regions to form a total cover layer of different thicknesses in order from thin to thick.

10. A method for pollution control in a uranium tailings dam, characterized in that, include: The target coverage scheme for the uranium tailings dam to be treated is determined by the experimental method of pollution control effect of the uranium tailings dam coverage scheme according to any one of claims 1-9. The target coverage scheme is used to control and manage pollution in the uranium tailings pond to be treated.

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