Crude oil engine capable of freely switching combustion media and regulation and control method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of crude oil engines, in particular to a crude oil engine capable of freely switching combustion media, which comprises a crude oil engine, an oil nozzle, a fuel oil conversion device and an oil temperature regulation and control unit, a fuel oil input port, a fuel oil backflow port, a fuel oil injection atomizing chamber and a combustion chamber are arranged in the crude oil engine, the fuel oil input port and the fuel oil backflow port are both arranged in the fuel oil injection atomizing chamber, and the fuel oil injection atomizing chamber is communicated with the combustion chamber. One end of the fuel injection nozzle is connected with the fuel conversion device, and the other end of the fuel injection nozzle is detachably arranged in a fuel input port of the fuel injection atomizing chamber; oil temperature regulation and control pipelines which are communicated with each other are wound on the fuel oil injection atomizing chamber and the fuel oil input port, and when the oil injection nozzle is arranged on the fuel oil input port, the oil injection nozzle is in contact with the oil temperature regulation and control pipeline on the fuel oil input port; a temperature control medium is arranged in the oil temperature regulation and control unit, and the oil temperature regulation and control unit is connected with the oil temperature regulation and control pipeline.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of crude oil engines, and more specifically, to a crude oil engine with freely switchable combustion media and its control method. Background Technology

[0002] As the main power source for modern ocean-going vessels, the economy, reliability, and safety of diesel engines are of paramount importance. However, modern diesel engines face a long-standing and unresolved problem in actual operation: when dynamically switching between different qualities or types of fuel (especially fuels with significant differences in viscosity, density, and calorific value, such as crude oil, heavy oil, and diesel), the stable operation of diesel engines faces severe challenges. Therefore, diesel engines currently on the market can only burn one specified combustion medium during use.

[0003] Therefore, it is evident that, under current technology, fuel cannot be switched arbitrarily, mainly due to the following two technical issues: 1. System shock and performance change during fuel switching: Crude oil, heavy oil, and diesel oil differ significantly in their physicochemical properties. Crude oil and heavy oil have extremely high viscosity and require preheating to a specific temperature (usually 130-150°C) to reach a viscosity range suitable for atomization injection. Diesel oil, on the other hand, can be used without heating or with only slight heating. When a diesel engine switches from one type of fuel to another, the properties of the fuel medium in the entire fuel supply system (including delivery pipelines, circulation units, heaters, viscometers, and high-pressure oil pumps) change drastically. If the switching control strategy is not precise enough, the temperature, viscosity, and injection characteristics of the fuel entering the combustion chamber will fluctuate violently in a short period of time, causing a sudden change in combustion performance. Specifically, this manifests as: fluctuations in output power, unstable speed, sudden changes in heat load, and a sharp deterioration in emissions (such as smoke, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur oxides). This non-smooth transition condition not only affects navigation safety but also threatens the lifespan of the machinery.

[0004] 2. The Dilemma of Fuel Temperature Control and Risks to Key Components: This problem is particularly prominent at both ends of the switching process: In the initial stage: When switching from high-temperature crude oil and heavy oil to diesel, or immediately using heavy oil after a cold start, if the fuel preheating system fails to respond promptly or its control is inaccurate, the lower-temperature fuel will have poor fluidity due to its excessively high viscosity. This not only increases the load on the fuel pump, but more importantly, it easily causes injector blockage or poor atomization. Poorly atomized fuel cannot fully mix with air for combustion, resulting in carbon deposits, afterburning, and even abnormal wear and damage to the piston, cylinder liner, and exhaust valve. Furthermore, in the later stage of the switch or during stable operation: When switching back from diesel to heavy oil or crude oil, or during the operation of heavy oil and crude oil, continuous fuel preheating is necessary to ensure its necessary fluidity. Heating is necessary, but existing temperature control systems may have lag or overshoot. If oil temperature control fails, leading to excessively high fuel temperatures, a series of serious problems will arise: fuel may crack or coke, forming hard carbon deposits inside the pipelines and injectors, causing blockages. High temperatures will accelerate the precipitation of asphaltenes in the fuel, exacerbating wear. More seriously, overheated fuel may lose its lubricity, causing abnormal wear or even jamming of precision components (such as plungers, sleeves, and needle valves) inside the high-pressure fuel pump and injectors that rely on fuel lubrication. Ultimately, this will cause permanent damage to the core fuel injection system of the diesel engine, resulting in high repair costs and potential engine downtime.

[0005] In summary, the core technological shortcoming of existing diesel engines lies in the lack of an intelligent, highly responsive, and adaptive fuel switching and temperature coordinated control strategy and system. Existing methods often rely on simple timed switching or operator experience, which cannot accurately sense and adjust the state parameters of the fuel system (such as viscosity, temperature, and pressure) in real time to smoothly transition between different types of fuel and always keep the oil temperature stable within the optimal operating window. Therefore, an innovative technical solution is urgently needed to solve the problems of performance abrupt changes and temperature control during dynamic fuel switching, thereby achieving safe, stable, and efficient seamless switching and ensuring reliable operation and long-term durability of the machine under all operating conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to propose a crude oil engine with freely switchable combustion media and its control method to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To overcome at least one of the defects (deficiencies) of the prior art described above, the present invention provides a crude oil engine with freely switchable combustion media and its control method.

[0007] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: a crude oil engine with freely switchable combustion medium, comprising a crude oil engine, a fuel injector, a fuel conversion device and an oil temperature control unit; The crude oil engine is equipped with a fuel inlet, a fuel return outlet, a fuel injection atomization chamber, and a combustion chamber. The fuel inlet and the fuel return outlet are both located in the fuel injection atomization chamber, and the fuel injection atomization chamber and the combustion chamber are connected. One end of the fuel injector is connected to the fuel conversion device, and the other end is detachably installed in the fuel inlet of the fuel injection atomization chamber. Both the fuel injection atomization chamber and the fuel inlet are equipped with interconnected oil temperature control pipes. When the fuel injector is installed on the fuel inlet, the fuel injector is in contact with the oil temperature control pipe on the fuel inlet. The oil temperature control unit contains a temperature-controlling medium. The unit is connected to an oil temperature control pipeline, allowing the medium to flow sequentially through the fuel injection atomization chamber and the fuel inlet before returning to the unit. With interconnected oil temperature control pipelines around both the fuel injection atomization chamber and the fuel inlet, the temperature of the fuel injection atomization chamber and the fuel injector can be adjusted by the oil temperature control unit when the injector is located at the fuel inlet of the fuel injection atomization chamber. This prevents solidification of crude oil or heavy oil due to its high viscosity when delivered to the injector. Furthermore, when the overall temperature is high after combustion of crude oil or heavy oil, the oil temperature control unit can further adjust the temperature of the fuel injection atomization chamber and the fuel injector as needed. This prevents sudden changes in mechanical properties caused by uncontrollable temperature during dynamic fuel switching, which could lead to machine malfunctions.

[0008] Furthermore, the fuel conversion device includes a fuel mixing tank, a fuel conversion unit control box, a first control ball valve, a second control ball valve, a third control ball valve, a fourth control ball valve, a fifth control ball valve, a sixth control ball valve, a seventh control ball valve, a first three-way valve, a second three-way valve, and a fuel filter; One end of the first control ball valve, the second control ball valve, the third control ball valve, the fourth control ball valve, the fifth control ball valve, and the sixth control ball valve is respectively connected to a combustion medium inlet or a combustion medium outlet; The other ends of the first and second control ball valves are connected to the feed end of the fuel mixing tank through the first three-way valve. The discharge end of the fuel mixing tank is connected to the fuel injector after passing through the fuel filter and the third control ball valve in sequence. One end of the sixth control ball valve is connected to the fuel return port, and the other end is connected to the fourth and fifth control ball valves after passing through the second three-way valve. One end of the seventh control ball valve is connected between the third control ball valve and the fuel filter, and the other end is connected between the sixth control ball valve and the second three-way valve. In this invention, when the crude oil engine is ready to start running, it can be started by burning diesel. At this time, the first to sixth control ball valves, i.e., QV1 to QV6, are opened first. The first three-way valve (SV1) is turned to the diesel inlet (port a) so that diesel enters the fuel mixing tank. After being filtered by the fuel filter, it enters the fuel outlet (port c). The diesel engine fuel return flows in from the fuel inlet (port d). At the same time, the second three-way valve (SV2) is turned to the diesel return outlet (port f) so that the return fuel returns to the fuel supply unit. When the crude oil engine needs to switch to burning crude oil or heavy oil, the first three-way valve and the second three-way valve (SV1, SV2) are turned to the heavy oil inlet (port b) and the heavy oil return outlet (port e) to achieve fuel switching. When the crude oil engine is ready to be shut down, the fuel in the crude oil engine needs to be switched to diesel. The first and second three-way valves (SV1, SV2) are switched to the diesel inlet (port a) and the diesel return outlet (port f). The engine can only be shut down after the crude oil and heavy oil in the crude oil engine, injectors, and fuel conversion device have been completely burned and converted into diesel. In addition, since a seventh control ball valve (QV7) is also installed in the fuel conversion device, the seventh control ball valve (QV7) can be opened when the crude oil engine is briefly stopped to keep the crude oil and heavy oil circulating and warm in the device. The first and second three-way valves of this device can be manual three-way valves or electric three-way valves with matching control boxes. After the fuel is mixed, buffered, pressure-stabilized, and neutralized in the fuel mixing tank, the combustion abnormalities caused by the performance differences of crude oil, heavy oil, and diesel are attenuated. This reduces or avoids the vibration and thermal shock to the components of the crude oil engine and fuel conversion device, reduces the risk, and prevents the phenomenon of residual crude oil and heavy oil blocking at low temperatures, ensuring the safety of the crude oil engine and enabling the crude oil engine to operate stably and for a long time.

[0009] Furthermore, it also includes a liquid level sensor, a venting solenoid valve, a manual shut-off valve, and a three-way valve; The liquid level sensor is installed on the fuel mixing tank to detect the fuel level in the fuel mixing tank; The first port of the three-way pipe is connected to the top of the fuel mixing tank, the second port of the three-way pipe is connected to the venting solenoid valve, and the third port of the three-way pipe is connected to the manual shut-off valve. The liquid level sensor is connected to the venting solenoid valve via the fuel conversion unit control box. Since the liquid level sensor is installed on the fuel mixing tank, it detects a low liquid level signal and transmits it to the fuel conversion unit control box. When the liquid level sensor detects a low liquid level in the fuel mixing tank, the fuel conversion unit control box sends an electrical signal to energize and open the venting solenoid valve for venting. After a few seconds, the venting solenoid valve automatically closes. If the low liquid level signal persists for 20 seconds, it indicates that the venting solenoid valve has failed, and the fuel conversion unit control box issues an audible and visual alarm. Furthermore, in practical applications, a manual shut-off switch can be installed before the venting solenoid valve. When the venting solenoid valve fails, the manual shut-off switch is closed to prevent fuel leakage due to valve failure. Manual venting can also be performed via the manual shut-off valve. In practical applications, the venting solenoid valve is controlled by an electromagnetic switch or PLC. This device effectively solves the problem of gas leakage in the fuel mixing tank, and only one liquid level sensor is needed to meet the functional requirements, reducing costs, minimizing manual operation, and ensuring safety and reliability.

[0010] Furthermore, the bottom of the fuel mixing tank is provided with an oil discharge hole, and an oil discharge control ball valve is provided between the oil discharge hole and the fuel mixing tank. By setting the oil discharge control ball valve, in an emergency, the fuel in the fuel mixing tank can be quickly discharged by opening the oil discharge control ball valve.

[0011] Furthermore, the oil temperature control unit includes an oil temperature control box, an oil temperature regulation electrical control box, an oil filter, a first pressurizing pump body, a second pressurizing pump body, a temperature regulating valve, a cooler, a heater, a heat transfer oil inlet pipe, and a heat transfer oil outlet pipe; The cooler and heater are respectively installed inside the oil temperature control box; One end of the first pressurized pump body is connected to the heat transfer oil inlet pipe, and the other end is connected to the temperature control valve. One end of the second pressurized pump body is connected to the heat transfer oil outlet pipe, and the other end is connected to the cooler and the heater, respectively. The temperature control valve is connected to the cooler and the heater respectively. The oil injector is equipped with a temperature sensing probe connected to the temperature control valve. The heat transfer oil inlet pipe and the heat transfer oil outlet pipe are respectively located at both ends of the oil temperature control pipeline. The oil temperature regulating control box is connected to the temperature regulating valve, cooler, and heater respectively. The oil filter is installed on the heat transfer oil inlet pipe. Since the temperature regulating valve, cooler, and heater are installed in the oil temperature regulating box, the temperature of the liquid medium discharged from the heat transfer oil outlet pipe can be controlled as needed. When the temperature of the liquid medium discharged from the heat transfer oil inlet pipe is lower than the required temperature value, the liquid medium will be sent to the heater for heating after passing through the temperature regulating valve until it reaches the specified temperature. When the temperature of the liquid medium discharged from the heat transfer oil inlet pipe is higher than the required temperature value, the liquid medium will be sent to the cooler for cooling after passing through the temperature regulating valve. The liquid medium after temperature regulation will be discharged from the heat transfer oil outlet pipe. The first and second pressurizing pumps can pressurize and guide the liquid medium.

[0012] Furthermore, the oil temperature control box is equipped with a level gauge, which allows for real-time monitoring of the liquid temperature within the box.

[0013] Furthermore, both the heat transfer oil inlet pipe and the heat transfer oil outlet pipe are equipped with thermometers, which facilitates real-time monitoring of the temperature on the heat transfer oil inlet pipe and the heat transfer oil outlet pipe.

[0014] Furthermore, the fuel injector includes a fuel injector body, a nozzle cover, and a nozzle retaining block; The nozzle cover is fitted onto the outer side of the end of the fuel injector body, and the nozzle locking block is located on the outer side of the front end of the fuel injector body. A perforated groove matching the oil temperature control pipe is provided at the junction of the nozzle cover and the nozzle locking block. The fuel injector body is connected to the oil temperature control pipe through the perforated groove. Because of the perforated groove at the junction of the nozzle cover and the nozzle locking block, after the fuel injector is installed, the fuel injector body can directly contact the oil temperature control pipe. By adjusting the temperature on the oil temperature control pipe, the temperature of the medium passing through the fuel injector body can be regulated, effectively preventing the solidification of crude oil or heavy oil when it reaches the fuel injector body after traveling through a long pipeline.

[0015] Furthermore, the injector body is equipped with a flow rate regulating valve, which allows for adjustment of the fuel injection speed of the injector body, making it simple and convenient.

[0016] This invention also discloses a method for controlling fuel switching in a crude oil engine, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Open the first control ball valve, second control ball valve, third control ball valve, fourth control ball valve, fifth control ball valve, and sixth control ball valve of the fuel conversion device; close the venting solenoid valve, manual shut-off valve, and unloading control ball valve; and input diesel fuel into the fuel mixing tank through the first control ball valve. The diesel fuel in the fuel mixing tank is atomized and sprayed into the fuel injection atomization chamber through the third control ball valve and the fuel injector. The atomized diesel fuel then enters the combustion chamber for combustion. Step 2: When it is necessary to switch between heavy oil and crude oil, the diesel input is stopped in the first control ball valve, and the heavy oil or crude oil is input from the second control ball valve and flows through the fuel mixing tank and the third control ball valve in sequence to the fuel injector. Step 3: The oil temperature control unit detects the temperature inside the fuel injector through a temperature sensor and controls the temperature control valve in the oil temperature control unit to adjust the temperature of the medium passing through the heat transfer oil outlet pipe through the heater. After the temperature is adjusted, the medium flows into the oil temperature control pipe and then flows through the fuel injection atomization chamber and the fuel inlet in sequence to adjust the temperature of the fuel injection atomization chamber and the fuel injector. Step 4: The atomized crude oil or heavy oil enters the combustion chamber, and due to the temperature drop, the reliquefied crude oil or heavy oil is collected after flowing back through the fuel return port. Step 5: When the crude oil or heavy oil is burning and the crude oil engine is about to be briefly shut down, open the seventh control ball valve to allow the crude oil or heavy oil to circulate and keep warm in the fuel conversion device. Step 6: When the crude oil or heavy oil is burning and the crude oil engine is about to be briefly stopped, stop the continuous input of crude oil or heavy oil, and re-input diesel into the fuel mixing tank through the first control ball valve. The diesel in the fuel mixing tank is atomized and sprayed into the fuel injection atomization chamber through the third control ball valve and the fuel injector. The atomized diesel then enters the combustion chamber for combustion. Step 7: The oil temperature control unit detects the temperature inside the fuel injector through a temperature sensor and controls the temperature control valve in the oil temperature control unit to adjust the temperature of the medium passing through the heat transfer oil outlet pipe via the cooler. After the temperature is adjusted, the medium flows into the oil temperature control pipe and then flows through the fuel injection atomization chamber and the fuel inlet in sequence. The temperature of the fuel injection atomization chamber and the fuel injector is adjusted until the crude oil and heavy oil in the fuel injection atomization chamber, combustion chamber and fuel conversion device are completely burned and diesel is burned before the machine stops.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the technical solution of the present invention are: The crude oil engine with freely switchable combustion media disclosed in this invention features interconnected oil temperature control pipes wound around both the fuel injection atomization chamber and the fuel inlet. Therefore, when the fuel injector is positioned in the fuel inlet of the fuel injection atomization chamber, the oil temperature control unit can regulate the temperature of both the fuel injection atomization chamber and the fuel injector. This prevents solidification of crude oil or heavy oil upon delivery to the fuel injector due to their high viscosity. Furthermore, when the overall temperature is high after combustion of crude oil or heavy oil, the oil temperature control unit can further adjust the temperature of the fuel injection atomization chamber and the fuel injector as needed. This prevents sudden changes in various mechanical properties caused by uncontrollable temperature during dynamic fuel switching, thus avoiding potential machine malfunctions. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the crude oil engine and generator that can freely switch combustion media in this invention.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the crude oil engine in this invention.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the fuel conversion device in this invention.

[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the fuel conversion device in this invention from another angle.

[0022] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the fuel conversion device in this invention.

[0023] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the oil temperature control unit in this invention.

[0024] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the oil temperature control unit from another angle in this invention.

[0025] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of the fuel injector in this invention.

[0026] Figure 9 This is a cross-sectional view of the fuel injector in the crude oil engine in this invention.

[0027] In the diagram, 1 is the crude oil engine, 2 is the fuel injector, 3 is the fuel conversion device, 4 is the fuel temperature control unit, 5 is the fuel inlet, 6 is the fuel return outlet, 7 is the fuel injection atomization chamber, 8 is the combustion chamber, 9 is the fuel temperature control pipe, 10 is the fuel mixing tank, 11 is the fuel conversion unit control box, 12 is the first control ball valve, 13 is the second control ball valve, 14 is the third control ball valve, 15 is the fourth control ball valve, 16 is the fifth control ball valve, 17 is the sixth control ball valve, 18 is the seventh control ball valve, 19 is the first three-way valve, 20 is the second three-way valve, 21 is the fuel filter, and 22 is the perforated groove. 23 is a liquid level sensor, 24 is a venting solenoid valve, 25 is a manual shut-off valve, 26 is a three-way pipe, 27 is a manual shut-off switch, 28 is an oil unloading hole, 29 is an oil unloading control ball valve, 30 is an oil temperature control box, 31 is an oil temperature regulation electrical control box, 32 is an oil filter, 33 is a first pressurizing pump body, 34 is a second pressurizing pump body, 35 is a temperature regulating valve, 36 is a cooler, 37 is a heater, 38 is a heat transfer oil inlet pipe, 39 is a heat transfer oil outlet pipe, 40 is a temperature sensor, 41 is a liquid level gauge, 42 is a thermometer, 43 is an injector body, 44 is a nozzle cover, 45 is a nozzle retaining block, and 46 is a generator. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the scope of this patent. To better illustrate this embodiment, some components in the drawings may be omitted, enlarged, or reduced, and do not represent the actual dimensions of the product. It is understandable to those skilled in the art that some well-known structures and their descriptions may be omitted in the drawings.

[0029] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation" and "connection" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances. The technical solution of this invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0030] like Figure 1-2As shown, a crude oil engine with freely switchable combustion media includes a crude oil engine 1, a fuel injector 2, a fuel conversion device 3, and a fuel temperature control unit 4. The crude oil engine has a fuel inlet 5, a fuel return outlet 6, a fuel injection atomization chamber 7, and a combustion chamber 8. Both the fuel inlet and the fuel return outlet are located in the fuel injection atomization chamber, which is connected to the combustion chamber. One end of the fuel injector is connected to the fuel conversion device, and the other end is detachably installed in the fuel inlet of the fuel injection atomization chamber. Both the fuel injection atomization chamber and the fuel inlet are surrounded by interconnected fuel temperature control pipes 9. When the fuel injector is installed on the fuel inlet, it contacts the fuel temperature control pipes on the fuel inlet. The fuel temperature control unit contains a temperature control medium and is connected to the fuel temperature control pipes, allowing the temperature control medium in the fuel temperature control unit to flow sequentially through the fuel injection atomization chamber via the fuel temperature control pipes. After passing through the fuel injection chamber and fuel inlet, the fuel flows back to the fuel temperature control unit. Because interconnected fuel temperature control pipes are installed around both the fuel injection atomization chamber and the fuel inlet, the temperature of the fuel injection chamber and fuel injector can be adjusted by the fuel temperature control unit when the fuel injector is located in the fuel inlet of the fuel injection atomization chamber. This prevents solidification of crude oil or heavy oil when it reaches the fuel injector due to its high viscosity. When the overall temperature is high after combustion of crude oil or heavy oil, the fuel temperature control unit can also adjust the temperature of the fuel injection chamber and fuel injector as needed. This prevents sudden changes in mechanical properties due to uncontrollable temperature during fuel dynamic switching, which could lead to machine malfunctions. In practical applications, a generator 46 can also be connected to the crude oil engine to convert the mechanical energy generated by burning diesel or crude oil into electrical energy.

[0031] like Figure 3-5As shown, the fuel conversion device includes a fuel mixing tank 10, a fuel conversion unit control box 11, a first control ball valve 12, a second control ball valve 13, a third control ball valve 14, a fourth control ball valve 15, a fifth control ball valve 16, a sixth control ball valve 17, a seventh control ball valve 18, a first three-way valve 19, a second three-way valve 20, and a fuel filter 21. One end of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth control ball valves is connected to a combustion medium inlet or a combustion medium outlet, respectively. The other end of the first and second control ball valves is connected to the inlet of the fuel mixing tank via the first three-way valve, and the outlet of the fuel mixing tank is sequentially connected to the fuel filter. The filter is connected to the fuel injector after the third control ball valve; one end of the sixth control ball valve is connected to the fuel return port, and the other end is connected to the fourth and fifth control ball valves after passing through the second three-way valve; one end of the seventh control ball valve is connected between the third control ball valve and the fuel filter, and the other end is connected between the sixth control ball valve and the second three-way valve. In this invention, when the crude oil engine is ready to start running, it can be started by burning diesel. At this time, the first to sixth control ball valves, i.e., QV1 to QV6, are opened first. The first three-way valve (SV1) is turned to the diesel inlet (port a) so that the diesel enters the fuel mixing tank. After being filtered by the fuel filter, it enters the fuel outlet (port c), and the diesel engine fuel returns to the fuel inlet. Oil flows in from the fuel inlet (d port). Simultaneously, the second three-way valve (SV2) switches to the diesel return outlet (f port), returning the oil to the fuel supply unit. When the crude oil engine needs to switch between burning crude oil and heavy oil, the first and second three-way valves (SV1, SV2) are switched to the heavy oil inlet (b port) and heavy oil return outlet (e port) to achieve fuel switching. When the crude oil engine is ready to be shut down, the fuel in the crude oil engine needs to be switched to diesel. The first and second three-way valves (SV1, SV2) are switched to the diesel inlet (a port) and diesel return outlet (f port). The engine can only be shut down after the crude oil and heavy oil in the crude oil engine, injectors, and fuel conversion device have been completely burned and converted to diesel. Otherwise, [further details are needed]. The fuel conversion unit is also equipped with a seventh control ball valve (QV7), which allows the crude oil engine to be briefly stopped. When the seventh control ball valve (QV7) is opened, the crude oil and heavy oil in the unit are circulated and kept warm. The first three-way valve and the second three-way valve of the unit can be manual three-way valves or electric three-way valves with matching control boxes. After the fuel is mixed, buffered, pressure-stabilized and neutralized by the fuel mixing tank, the abnormal combustion caused by the performance differences of crude oil, heavy oil and diesel is reduced, and the vibration and thermal shock to the components of the crude oil engine and the fuel conversion unit are reduced or avoided. This reduces the risk, prevents the phenomenon of residual crude oil and heavy oil blocking at low temperatures, ensures the safety of the crude oil engine, and enables the crude oil engine to operate stably and for a long time.

[0032] This invention also includes a level sensor 23, a venting solenoid valve 24, a manual shut-off valve 25, and a three-way pipe 26. The level sensor is installed on the fuel mixing tank to detect the fuel level inside the tank. The first port of the three-way pipe is connected to the top of the fuel mixing tank, the second port is connected to the venting solenoid valve, and the third port is connected to the manual shut-off valve. The level sensor is connected to the venting solenoid valve through the fuel conversion unit control box. Since the level sensor is installed on the fuel mixing tank, it can detect a low level signal and transmit it to the fuel conversion unit control box. When the level sensor detects a low level in the fuel mixing tank, the fuel conversion unit control box sends an electrical signal to energize and open the venting solenoid valve to perform a venting operation. After several seconds, the venting solenoid valve automatically closes. If the low level signal lasts for 20 seconds, it indicates that the fuel level is low. The venting solenoid valve has failed, and the fuel conversion unit control box issues an audible and visual alarm signal. Furthermore, in practical applications, a manual shut-off switch 27 can be installed before the venting solenoid valve. When the venting solenoid valve fails, the manual shut-off switch is closed to prevent fuel leakage due to the failure. Simultaneously, manual venting can be performed via the manual shut-off valve. In practical applications, the venting solenoid valve is controlled by an electromagnetic switch or PLC. This device effectively solves the problem of gas release in the fuel mixing tank, and only one liquid level sensor is needed to meet functional requirements, reducing costs, minimizing manual operation, and ensuring safety and reliability. In this invention, a drain hole 28 is provided at the bottom of the fuel mixing tank, and a drain control ball valve 29 is provided between the drain hole and the fuel mixing tank. Through the setting of the drain control ball valve, in an emergency, the fuel in the fuel mixing tank can be quickly discharged by opening the drain control ball valve.

[0033] like Figure 6-7As shown, the oil temperature control unit includes an oil temperature control box 30, an oil temperature regulation electrical control box 31, an oil filter 32, a first pressurizing pump body 33, a second pressurizing pump body 34, a temperature regulating valve 35, a cooler 36, a heater 37, a heat transfer oil inlet pipe 38, and a heat transfer oil outlet pipe 39; the cooler and heater are respectively installed inside the oil temperature control box; one end of the first pressurizing pump body is connected to the heat transfer oil inlet pipe, and the other end is connected to the temperature regulating valve; one end of the second pressurizing pump body is connected to the heat transfer oil outlet pipe. One end is connected to the other end, and the other end is connected to the cooler and the heater respectively; the temperature control valve is connected to the cooler and the heater respectively; the fuel injector is equipped with a temperature sensing probe 40 connected to the temperature control valve; the heat transfer oil inlet pipe and the heat transfer oil outlet pipe are respectively set at both ends of the oil temperature control pipeline; the oil temperature regulation electrical control box is connected to the temperature control valve, the cooler and the heater respectively; the oil filter is set on the heat transfer oil inlet pipe. Since the temperature control valve, the cooler and the heater are installed in the oil temperature control box, it can be adjusted according to... As needed, the temperature of the liquid medium discharged from the heat transfer oil outlet pipe is controlled. When the temperature of the liquid medium discharged from the heat transfer oil inlet pipe is lower than the required temperature value, the liquid medium will be sent to the heater for heating after passing through the temperature control valve until it reaches the specified temperature. When the temperature of the liquid medium discharged from the heat transfer oil inlet pipe is higher than the required temperature value, the liquid medium will be sent to the cooler for cooling after passing through the temperature control valve. After temperature control, the liquid medium will be discharged from the heat transfer oil outlet pipe. The first and second pressurizing pumps can pressurize and guide the liquid medium. A level gauge 41 is installed in the oil temperature control tank. The liquid temperature in the oil temperature control tank can be monitored in real time. Thermometers 42 are installed on both the heat transfer oil inlet pipe and the heat transfer oil outlet pipe. Thermometers facilitate real-time monitoring of the temperature on the heat transfer oil inlet pipe and the heat transfer oil outlet pipe.

[0034] like Figure 8-9 As shown, the fuel injector includes a fuel injector body 43, a nozzle cover 44, and a nozzle retaining block 45. The nozzle cover is fitted onto the outer side of the end of the fuel injector body, and the nozzle retaining block is located on the outer side of the front end of the fuel injector body. A perforated groove 46 matching the oil temperature control pipe is provided at the junction of the nozzle cover and the nozzle retaining block. The fuel injector body is connected to the oil temperature control pipe through the perforated groove. Because of the perforated groove at the junction of the nozzle cover and the nozzle retaining block, the fuel injector body can directly contact the oil temperature control pipe after installation. By adjusting the temperature on the oil temperature control pipe, the temperature of the medium passing through the fuel injector body can be regulated, effectively preventing the solidification of crude oil or heavy oil when it reaches the fuel injector body after traveling a long distance through the pipe. A flow rate regulating valve is provided within the fuel injector body, allowing for simple and convenient adjustment of the fuel injection speed.

[0035] This invention also discloses a method for controlling fuel switching in a crude oil engine, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Open the first control ball valve, second control ball valve, third control ball valve, fourth control ball valve, fifth control ball valve, and sixth control ball valve of the fuel conversion device; close the venting solenoid valve, manual shut-off valve, and unloading control ball valve; and input diesel fuel into the fuel mixing tank through the first control ball valve. The diesel fuel in the fuel mixing tank is atomized and sprayed into the fuel injection atomization chamber through the third control ball valve and the fuel injector. The atomized diesel fuel then enters the combustion chamber for combustion. Step 2: When it is necessary to switch between heavy oil and crude oil, the diesel input is stopped in the first control ball valve, and the heavy oil or crude oil is input from the second control ball valve and flows through the fuel mixing tank and the third control ball valve in sequence to the fuel injector. Step 3: The oil temperature control unit detects the temperature inside the fuel injector through a temperature sensor and controls the temperature control valve in the oil temperature control unit to adjust the temperature of the medium passing through the heat transfer oil outlet pipe through the heater. After the temperature is adjusted, the medium flows into the oil temperature control pipe and then flows through the fuel injection atomization chamber and the fuel inlet in sequence to adjust the temperature of the fuel injection atomization chamber and the fuel injector. Step 4: The atomized crude oil or heavy oil enters the combustion chamber, and due to the temperature drop, the reliquefied crude oil or heavy oil is collected after flowing back through the fuel return port. Step 5: When the crude oil or heavy oil is burning and the crude oil engine is about to be briefly shut down, open the seventh control ball valve to allow the crude oil or heavy oil to circulate and keep warm in the fuel conversion device. Step 6: When the crude oil or heavy oil is burning and the crude oil engine is about to be briefly stopped, stop the continuous input of crude oil or heavy oil, and re-input diesel into the fuel mixing tank through the first control ball valve. The diesel in the fuel mixing tank is atomized and sprayed into the fuel injection atomization chamber through the third control ball valve and the fuel injector. The atomized diesel then enters the combustion chamber for combustion. Step 7: The oil temperature control unit detects the temperature inside the fuel injector through a temperature sensor and controls the temperature control valve in the oil temperature control unit to adjust the temperature of the medium passing through the heat transfer oil outlet pipe via the cooler. After the temperature is adjusted, the medium flows into the oil temperature control pipe and then flows through the fuel injection atomization chamber and the fuel inlet in sequence. The temperature of the fuel injection atomization chamber and the fuel injector is adjusted until the crude oil and heavy oil in the fuel injection atomization chamber, combustion chamber and fuel conversion device are completely burned and diesel is burned before the machine stops.

[0036] Example In this embodiment, interconnected oil temperature control pipes are wound around the fuel injection atomization chamber and fuel inlet of the crude oil engine. The two ends of the oil temperature control pipes are respectively connected to the heat transfer oil inlet pipe and the heat transfer oil outlet pipe of the oil temperature control unit.

[0037] Because the oil temperature control unit is equipped with a temperature regulating valve, a cooler, and a heater, the temperature of the liquid medium discharged from the heat transfer oil outlet pipe can be controlled as needed. When the temperature of the liquid medium discharged from the heat transfer oil inlet pipe is lower than the required temperature value, the liquid medium will be sent to the heater for heating after passing through the temperature regulating valve until it reaches the specified temperature. When the temperature of the liquid medium discharged from the heat transfer oil inlet pipe is higher than the required temperature value, the liquid medium will be sent to the cooler for cooling after passing through the temperature regulating valve. After temperature regulation, the liquid medium will be discharged from the heat transfer oil outlet pipe. Therefore, the oil temperature control unit can intelligently adjust the temperature according to the temperature of the fuel injected into the atomizing chamber and the fuel inlet of the crude oil engine, avoiding the condensation of crude oil and heavy oil due to excessively low fuel injection temperature or the damage to the crude oil engine due to excessively high temperature.

[0038] In addition, when the crude oil engine is ready to start, it can be started by burning diesel fuel. At this time, first open the first to sixth control ball valves, i.e., QV1 to QV6, and simultaneously open the manual shut-off valve QV10. Then close the seventh control ball valve QV7, the vent solenoid valve QV8, and the unloading control ball valve QV9. Then, the first three-way valve (SV1) is turned to the diesel inlet (port a) to allow diesel fuel to enter the fuel mixing tank. After being filtered by the fuel filter, it enters the fuel outlet (port c). Diesel fuel return flows in from the fuel inlet (port d). Simultaneously, the second three-way valve (SV2) is turned to the diesel return... The oil outlet (port f) returns the oil to the fuel supply unit. When the crude oil engine needs to switch to burning crude oil or heavy oil, the first three-way valve and the second three-way valve (SV1, SV2) are turned to the heavy oil inlet (port b) and the heavy oil return outlet (port e) to achieve fuel switching. When the crude oil engine is ready to be shut down, the fuel in the crude oil engine needs to be switched to diesel. The first three-way valve and the second three-way valve (SV1, SV2) are turned to the diesel inlet (port a) and the diesel return outlet (port f). The engine can only be shut down after the crude oil and heavy oil in the crude oil engine, fuel injectors and fuel conversion device have been completely burned and converted to diesel.

[0039] The fuel conversion device is equipped with a seventh control ball valve (QV7), which allows the crude oil engine to be briefly stopped. Opening the seventh control ball valve (QV7) allows for the circulation and temperature maintenance of crude oil and heavy oil within the device. The first and second three-way valves of this device can be either manual or electronically controlled, with a matching control box. The fuel undergoes mixing, buffering, pressure stabilization, and neutralization in the fuel mixing tank, reducing combustion abnormalities caused by the performance differences between crude oil, heavy oil, and diesel fuel. This reduces or avoids vibration and thermal shock to the components of the crude oil engine and fuel conversion device, lowering risks and preventing blockages caused by residual crude oil and heavy oil at low temperatures. This ensures the safety of the crude oil engine and allows for stable and long-term operation. Finally, in this embodiment, a generator can be connected to the crude oil engine to convert the mechanical energy generated by burning diesel or crude oil into electrical energy.

[0040] The positional relationships described in the figures are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting this patent. Clearly, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples to clearly illustrate the invention and are not intended to limit the implementation of the invention. Those skilled in the art can make other variations or modifications based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the claims of this invention.

Claims

1. A crude oil engine that can freely switch combustion media, characterized by: The crude oil engine comprises a fuel injection nozzle, a fuel conversion device and an oil temperature control unit. The crude oil engine is provided with a fuel input port, a fuel return port, a fuel injection atomizing chamber and a combustion chamber. One end of the fuel injection nozzle is connected with the fuel conversion device, and the other end is detachably arranged in the fuel input port of the fuel injection atomizing chamber. Oil temperature control pipelines are arranged around the fuel injection atomizing chamber and the fuel input port. The oil temperature control unit is connected with the oil temperature control pipelines, so that the temperature control medium in the oil temperature control unit flows through the fuel injection atomizing chamber and the fuel input port in sequence through the oil temperature control pipelines and then returns to the oil temperature control unit.

2. The freely switchable combustion medium crude oil engine of claim 1, wherein: The fuel conversion device comprises a fuel mixing tank, a fuel conversion unit control box, first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh control ball valves, first and second three-way valves and a fuel filter. One end of each of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh control ball valves is connected with a combustion medium input port or a combustion medium output port. The other end of the first control ball valve and the second control ball valve is connected with the feed end of the fuel mixing tank through the first three-way valve. One end of the sixth control ball valve is connected with the fuel return port, and the other end is connected with the fourth control ball valve and the fifth control ball valve through the second three-way valve. One end of the seventh control ball valve is connected between the third control ball valve and the fuel filter, and the other end is connected between the sixth control ball valve and the second three-way valve.

3. The free switchable combustion medium crude oil engine of claim 2, wherein: A liquid level sensor, a gas release electromagnetic valve, a manual stop valve and a three-way pipe are further included. The liquid level sensor is arranged on the fuel mixing tank to detect the fuel level in the fuel mixing tank. A first port of the three-way pipe is connected with the top of the fuel mixing tank, a second port of the three-way pipe is connected with the gas release electromagnetic valve, and a third port of the three-way pipe is connected with the manual stop valve. The liquid level sensor is connected with the gas release electromagnetic valve through the fuel conversion unit control box.

4. The free switchable combustion medium crude oil engine of claim 2, wherein: The bottom of the fuel mixing tank is provided with a fuel discharge hole, and a fuel discharge control ball valve is arranged between the fuel discharge hole and the fuel mixing tank.

5. The freely switchable combustion medium crude oil engine of claim 1, wherein: The oil temperature control unit comprises an oil temperature control box, an oil temperature adjustment electric control box, an oil filter, first and second pressurizing pump bodies, a temperature adjusting valve, a cooler, a heater, a heat conduction oil feed pipe and a heat conduction oil discharge pipe. The cooler and the heater are arranged in the oil temperature control box. The first pressurizing pump body is connected with the heat conducting oil inlet pipe at one end and with the temperature regulating valve at the other end, and the second pressurizing pump body is connected with the heat conducting oil outlet pipe at one end and with the cooler and the heater at the other end respectively; The temperature regulating valve is connected with the cooler and the heater respectively, the temperature probe connected with the temperature regulating valve is arranged in the oil nozzle, and the heat conducting oil inlet pipe and the heat conducting oil outlet pipe are arranged at two ends of the oil temperature regulating pipeline respectively; The oil filter is arranged on the heat conducting oil inlet pipe.

6. The freely switchable combustion medium crude oil engine of claim 5, wherein: The oil temperature regulating electric control box is connected with the temperature regulating valve, the cooler and the heater respectively.

7. The free switchable combustion medium crude oil engine of claim 5, wherein: The heat conducting oil inlet pipe and the heat conducting oil outlet pipe are both provided with thermometers.

8. The free switchable combustion medium crude oil engine of claim 1, wherein: The oil nozzle comprises an oil nozzle body, an oil nozzle cover and an oil nozzle clamping block. The oil nozzle cover is arranged outside the end of the oil nozzle body, the oil nozzle clamping block is arranged outside the front end of the oil nozzle body, the joint of the oil nozzle cover and the oil nozzle clamping block is provided with a hollow groove matched with the oil temperature regulating pipeline, and the oil nozzle body is connected with the oil temperature regulating pipeline through the hollow groove.

9. The free switchable combustion medium crude oil engine of claim 8, wherein: The oil nozzle body is provided with a flow rate regulating valve.

10. A method of regulating a fuel cut in a crude oil engine, characterized by: The method comprises the following steps: Step 1, open the first control ball valve, the second control ball valve, the third control ball valve, the fourth control ball valve, the fifth control ball valve and the sixth control ball valve of the fuel conversion device, close the air release electromagnetic valve, the manual stop valve and the oil discharge control ball valve, input diesel oil into the fuel mixed oil tank through the first control ball valve, and the diesel oil in the fuel mixed oil tank is atomized by the third control ball valve and the oil nozzle, and then sprayed into the fuel injection atomizing chamber, and the atomized diesel oil enters the combustion chamber to be burned; Step 2, when it is needed to convert heavy oil or crude oil, stop inputting diesel oil in the first control ball valve, input heavy oil or crude oil from the second control ball valve, and then the heavy oil or crude oil flows through the fuel mixed oil tank and the third control ball valve into the oil nozzle; Step 3, the oil temperature regulating unit detects the temperature in the oil nozzle through the temperature probe, controls the temperature regulating valve in the oil temperature regulating unit, regulates the temperature of the medium flowing through the heat conducting oil outlet pipe through the heater, and regulates the temperature of the fuel injection atomizing chamber and the oil nozzle through the medium flowing into the oil temperature regulating pipeline after being regulated in temperature; Step 4, the atomized heavy oil or crude oil enters the combustion chamber, and the re-liquefied heavy oil or crude oil is collected after flowing back through the fuel backflow port due to the temperature drop; Step 5, when the crude oil engine is ready to be temporarily stopped during the combustion process of the crude oil or heavy oil, open the seventh control ball valve to make the crude oil or heavy oil circulate and be kept warm in the fuel conversion device; Step 6, when the crude oil engine is ready to be temporarily stopped during the combustion process of the crude oil or heavy oil, stop the continuous input of the crude oil or heavy oil, input diesel oil into the fuel mixed oil tank through the first control ball valve again, and the diesel oil in the fuel mixed oil tank is atomized by the third control ball valve and the oil nozzle, and then sprayed into the fuel injection atomizing chamber, and the atomized diesel oil enters the combustion chamber to be burned. Step 7, the oil temperature regulating unit detects the temperature in the oil nozzle through the temperature sensing probe, controls the temperature regulating valve in the oil temperature regulating unit, and regulates the temperature of the medium passing through the heat conducting oil outlet pipe through the cooler, and after the medium after temperature regulation flows into the oil temperature regulating pipeline, it successively flows through the fuel injection atomizing chamber and the fuel input port, and the temperature of the fuel injection atomizing chamber and the oil nozzle is regulated, and the oil and heavy oil in the fuel injection atomizing chamber, the combustion chamber and the fuel conversion device are completely burned out and the diesel is burned out before the machine is stopped.

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