Blood flow limitation and aerobic exercise combined intervention method for old people with sarcopenia

Abstract

The invention discloses a blood flow limitation and aerobic exercise combined intervention method for old people with sarcopenia, and relates to the technical field of sports medicine and rehabilitation engineering. External blood flow limitation pressure in single training is converted into dynamic from static, and a staged adaptive loading process is adopted; in the low-pressure starting stage, the vascular smooth muscle and the baroreceptor can gradually adapt to the initial state of blood flow limitation in a low-risk environment, so that the excessive stress reaction of the cardiovascular system possibly caused by sudden pressure rise is buffered, then the intermediate-stage adaptation stage is started, and on the basis of primary adaptation of the cardiovascular system, the stress response of the cardiovascular system is reduced. The pressure is increased to a target interval in which effective metabolic stimulation is generated, the vascular system can bear and maintain a more effective limiting strength within a relatively safe range by utilizing an adaptive basis established in the early stage, and the stimulation strength is finely calibrated according to real-time physiological feedback in the final later fine tuning stage, so that the blood vessel system can be effectively prevented from being damaged. And accurate release of effective stimulation is ensured.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of sports medicine and rehabilitation engineering, in particular to a blood flow restriction combined with aerobic exercise intervention method for sarcopenic elderly. BACKGROUND

[0002] Sarcopenia is a syndrome associated with age, characterized by progressive decline in skeletal muscle mass, strength and function. Elderly sarcopenic patients often have vascular structure and function aging, showing decreased vascular elasticity and increased fragility, making them face higher cardiovascular risk when performing physical interventions aimed at improving muscle mass and function. Traditional aerobic exercise has insufficient stimulation for muscle hypertrophy, while the risk of high-intensity resistance training is difficult to control. With the development of blood flow restriction training as a new method that can induce muscle hypertrophy and strength gain under low external load, its application in this high-risk vulnerable population of sarcopenia requires a more precise, controllable and safe personalized implementation scheme.

[0003] Currently, the existing technology has significant limitations when applied to sarcopenic elderly: Firstly, in terms of pressure loading mode, current blood flow restriction training mostly uses a single, fixed pressure value, lacking progressive adjustment during exercise. This "one-size-fits-all" pressure application method ignores the stress sensitivity of the cardiovascular system in the initial stage of exercise, causing a sudden rise in blood pressure due to excessive initial pressure, and also fails to optimize pressure during the middle stage of exercise based on individual adaptation, limiting the balance between safety and effectiveness.

[0004] Secondly, in terms of exercise intensity regulation, existing solutions mostly rely on pre-set fixed loads or whole-body indicators based on heart rate, failing to directly monitor the local metabolic state of target muscles. Muscle oxygenation level is a key local indicator reflecting the balance between exercise stimulation and hypoxic stress. Ignoring real-time feedback of this indicator cannot ensure that exercise load falls within the optimal stress window that ensures safety and stimulates muscle adaptation, easily leading to insufficient stimulation or excessive fatigue.

[0005] In summary, the existing blood flow restriction combined with exercise method for sarcopenic elderly lacks consideration of the stage-by-stage protection of vascular fragility in pressure application strategy and lacks precise response to muscle local metabolic state in exercise load control, resulting in the coexistence of rough safety control and intervention effectiveness uncertainty.

[0006] Therefore, developing a linked intervention method that can apply external blood flow restriction pressure in stages and progressively, and dynamically adjust exercise intensity based on internal metabolic signals, has an urgent need and important value for safe and efficient exercise intervention for sarcopenic elderly. SUMMARY

[0007] The purpose of the present application is to make up for the shortcomings of the prior art, and provide a blood flow restriction combined with aerobic exercise intervention method for sarcopenic elderly people, which can change the external blood flow restriction pressure in single training from static and one-time loading to dynamic and phased adaptive loading process, so that the vascular smooth muscle and baroceptor can gradually adapt to the initial state of blood flow restriction in a low-risk environment in the low-pressure starting stage, thereby buffering the excessive stress reaction of the cardiovascular system caused by sudden pressure rise, then entering the medium-term adaptation stage, on the basis of the preliminary adaptation of the cardiovascular system, the pressure is increased to the target interval that produces effective metabolic stimulation, and the vascular system can withstand and maintain a more effective restriction strength in a relatively safe range by using the adaptive basis established in the early stage, thereby creating ideal blood flow restriction and reperfusion cycle conditions for muscles, and finally in the late fine-tuning stage, the stimulation intensity is finely calibrated according to real-time physiological feedback, and the cardiovascular risk is resolved in the gradual adaptation in the time dimension, while the accurate delivery of effective stimulation is ensured.

[0008] The present application provides the following technical solutions to solve the above technical problems: a blood flow restriction combined with aerobic exercise intervention method for sarcopenic elderly people, and the specific steps of the method are as follows: S100, constructing a phased progressive pressure, the blood flow restriction pressure applied to the target limb in a single aerobic exercise is loaded according to a preset low-pressure starting, medium-term adaptation and late fine-tuning three-stage mode; S200, wearing a blood flow restriction sleeve with automatic pressure adjustment on the proximal end of the target limb of the subject, and wearing a near-infrared spectrum monitoring probe on the target muscle, and the subject starts low-intensity aerobic warm-up exercise; S300, constructing a real-time exercise intensity regulation mechanism based on muscle oxygen saturation feedback, continuously monitoring the muscle oxygen saturation of the target muscle through the near-infrared spectrum monitoring probe, and dynamically adjusting the load of aerobic exercise according to the muscle oxygen saturation; S400, performing double-parameter linkage control, linking the phased progressive pressure and the real-time exercise intensity regulation mechanism based on muscle oxygen saturation feedback, so that each pressure stage corresponds to a specific muscle oxygen saturation target subinterval, and according to whether the real-time muscle oxygen saturation is in the corresponding target subinterval, the pressure stage conversion and exercise load adjustment are cooperatively decided; S500, after the exercise, releasing the blood flow restriction pressure according to the preset program, and monitoring the recovery period physiological indicators.

[0009] Further, in the S100, the phased progressive pressure is: At the beginning of single exercise, enter the low-pressure starting stage, and set the applied blood flow restriction pressure to 30%-40% of the individual pre-determined limb occlusion pressure; When the double-parameter linkage control logic is met, the medium-term adaptation stage is entered, and the blood flow restriction pressure is gradually adjusted to 50%-60% of the individual limb occlusion pressure and maintained; In the late stage of exercise, the late fine-tuning stage is entered, and a fine adjustment of no more than ±10% is made on the basis of the pressure in the medium-term adaptation stage.

[0010] Further, in the S400, each pressure stage corresponds to a specific muscle oxygen saturation target sub-interval, which is specifically: The muscle oxygen saturation target sub-interval corresponding to the low-pressure start stage is 60%-70%; The muscle oxygen saturation target sub-interval corresponding to the medium-term adaptation stage is 50%-60%; The muscle oxygen saturation target corresponding to the late fine-tuning stage is dynamically maintained within the overall interval of 50%-70%.

[0011] Further, in the S300, the exercise intensity real-time regulation mechanism based on muscle oxygen saturation feedback is: Based on the predetermined overall target interval of muscle oxygen saturation of 50%-70%; When the real-time monitored muscle oxygen saturation value is higher than the upper limit of the overall target interval, the load of aerobic exercise is increased to increase muscle oxygen consumption; When the muscle oxygen saturation value is lower than the lower limit of the overall target interval, the load of aerobic exercise is reduced.

[0012] Further, in the S400, the logic of double-parameter linkage control is: In any pressure stage, first, according to the muscle oxygen saturation target sub-interval corresponding to the pressure stage, the real-time regulation mechanism of S200 is used to adjust the exercise load to stabilize the real-time muscle oxygen saturation in the corresponding target sub-interval; When the real-time muscle oxygen saturation is stably maintained in the target sub-interval of the low-pressure start stage for a first predetermined time, the gradual pressure conversion from the low-pressure start stage to the medium-term adaptation stage is triggered; When the real-time muscle oxygen saturation is stably maintained in the target sub-interval of the medium-term adaptation stage for a second predetermined time, the gradual pressure enters the late fine-tuning stage.

[0013] Further, in the S300, the dynamic adjustment of the load of aerobic exercise is achieved through feedback control, which is specifically: wherein, FH represents the adjustment amount of the load applied to the aerobic exercise equipment in the next control cycle, is a proportional coefficient, is an integral coefficient for controlling the response speed and steady-state accuracy of adjustment, an instantaneous muscle oxygen saturation target value set according to a target sub-interval corresponding to the current pressure stage, a current muscle oxygen saturation value monitored in real time by near-infrared spectroscopy, a load adjustment instruction is continuously outputted by calculating the deviation and integral of the target value and the measured value, so as to control the real-time muscle oxygen saturation within the target sub-interval.

[0014] Further, in the S100, the pressure fine adjustment in the late fine adjustment stage is performed according to the relative position of the muscle oxygen saturation monitored in the S300 within the overall target interval, specifically: , wherein, represents the pressure value to be applied after fine adjustment, represents the basic pressure value set in the medium-term adaptation stage, is a pressure fine adjustment sensitivity coefficient, is a current muscle oxygen saturation value monitored in real time by near-infrared spectroscopy, and are the upper limit and the lower limit of the overall target interval of the muscle oxygen saturation dynamically maintained in the late fine adjustment stage, respectively; the normalized position of the real-time muscle oxygen saturation within the target interval is mapped to the offset of the basic pressure, and when the muscle oxygen saturation approaches the lower limit of the interval, the pressure is moderately reduced to improve blood flow, and when it approaches the upper limit, the pressure is moderately increased to maintain moderate hypoxic stimulation.

[0015] Further, in the S200, the target muscle is the muscle group with the highest correlation degree to aerobic exercise among quadriceps femoris, gastrocnemius and biceps brachii.

[0016] Further, the pressure regulation of the blood flow restriction cuff is realized by a control system composed of an electric air pump, a proportional valve and a pressure sensor, which is used to control the pressure in the cuff, and the near-infrared spectroscopy monitoring probe is wireless.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the blood flow restriction combined with aerobic exercise intervention method for sarcopenic elderly people has the following beneficial effects: This invention transforms the external blood flow restriction pressure in a single training session from a static, one-time loading to a dynamic, phased adaptive loading process. In the low-pressure initiation phase, vascular smooth muscle and baroreceptors gradually adapt to the initial state of blood flow restriction in a low-risk environment, thereby buffering the excessive stress response of the cardiovascular system that may be triggered by a sudden increase in pressure. Subsequently, in the intermediate adaptation phase, based on the initial adaptation of the cardiovascular system, the pressure is increased to the target range that produces effective metabolic stimulation. Utilizing the adaptive foundation established in the early stage, the vascular system can withstand and maintain a more effective restriction intensity within a relatively safe range, thereby creating ideal blood flow restriction and reperfusion circulation conditions for the muscles. In the final fine-tuning phase, the stimulation intensity is precisely calibrated based on real-time physiological feedback, mitigating cardiovascular risks in the gradual adaptation over time while ensuring the precise delivery of effective stimulation.

[0018] Other advantages, objectives and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following examination or study, or may be learned from the practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating the steps of a blood flow restriction combined with aerobic exercise intervention for elderly patients with sarcopenia; Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the execution logic of a linkage control method in a blood flow restriction combined with aerobic exercise intervention for elderly patients with sarcopenia. Figure 3 This is a flowchart of an intervention method for blood flow restriction combined with aerobic exercise in elderly patients with sarcopenia. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To better understand the above technical solutions, a detailed description of the solutions will be provided below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are merely some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] The terminology used in the description of the application herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. As used in the description of the application and the appended claims, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be understood that the terms "comprises" and / or "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof.

[0023] It is also to be noted that the terms "comprising", "comprise" and "comprised of" as used herein are synonymous with "including", "include" or "containing", "contain", and are inclusive or open-ended and do not exclude additional, unrecited elements or method steps.

[0024] To improve the problems of the prior art, first, the muscle atrophy exercise intervention scene involved in the present application is described, and the present application is mainly applied to the rehabilitation and exercise intervention scene of elderly muscle atrophy patients. In this population, the muscle mass and strength decrease progressively, accompanied by aging of the cardiovascular system, decrease in vascular elasticity, and increase in fragility, so that they face a higher cardiovascular risk in exercise intervention. Traditional high-intensity resistance training is too risky, and low-intensity aerobic exercise is insufficient to stimulate muscle hypertrophy. Although existing blood flow restriction training can stimulate muscle growth under low load, it is single in pressure loading mode, lacks dynamic adjustment, and the exercise intensity control is not linked to the local metabolic state of muscle, resulting in rough safety control and uncertain intervention effect. The present application aims to realize a safe, accurate and effective individualized exercise intervention method through phased progressive pressure loading, real-time feedback control based on muscle oxygen saturation and double-parameter linkage control.

[0025] The muscle atrophy exercise intervention method for elderly people provided by the present application constructs a phased progressive pressure mode, so that the vascular system can adapt to the exercise in the early stage; the near-infrared spectroscopy technology is used to monitor the muscle oxygen saturation of the target muscle in real time, which directly reflects the local metabolic and hypoxic stress state; and the pressure stage and the muscle oxygen saturation target interval are linked to form a double-parameter closed-loop control, so as to dynamically coordinate the external pressure stimulation and the internal metabolic response, maximize the anabolic stimulation of exercise on muscle under the premise of ensuring cardiovascular safety.

[0026] Specifically, as shown in Figure 1 A muscle atrophy exercise intervention method for elderly people, the specific steps of the method are S100, construct a phased progressive pressure, during a single aerobic exercise, the blood flow restriction pressure applied to the target limb is loaded according to a preset three-stage mode of low-pressure start, mid-term adaptation, and late fine-tuning; S200, wearing a blood flow restriction cuff that can automatically adjust the pressure on the target limb of the subject, and wearing a near-infrared spectral monitoring probe on the target muscle, the subject starts low-intensity aerobic warm-up exercise; S300, construct a real-time exercise intensity regulation mechanism based on muscle oxygen saturation feedback, continuously monitor the muscle oxygen saturation of the target muscle through the near-infrared spectral monitoring probe, and dynamically adjust the load of aerobic exercise according to the muscle oxygen saturation; S400, execute double-parameter linkage control, link the phased progressive pressure and the real-time exercise intensity regulation mechanism based on muscle oxygen saturation feedback, so that each pressure stage corresponds to a specific muscle oxygen saturation target subinterval, and according to whether the real-time muscle oxygen saturation is in the corresponding target subinterval, make a joint decision on pressure stage conversion and exercise load adjustment; S500, after the exercise, release the blood flow restriction pressure according to the preset program, and monitor the recovery period physiological indicators.

[0027] In a specific implementation, the S100 constructed phased progressive pressure is a link to ensure the safety and effectiveness of exercise. This method changes the blood flow restriction pressure during a single exercise from a traditional static fixed value to a three-stage mode dynamically adjusted according to time and physiological adaptability, including a low-pressure start stage, a mid-term adaptation stage, and a late fine-tuning stage. Before the start of exercise intervention, the subject's target limb occlusion pressure needs to be determined in advance. This determination is carried out in a resting state. In this embodiment, a Doppler ultrasound or a special occlusion pressure measuring instrument is used to determine the individualized arterial occlusion pressure value by pressurizing the cuff to the minimum pressure at which the distal arterial pulse disappears. This value is denoted as AOP, which serves as the basis for setting the pressure of each subsequent stage.

[0028] At the beginning of a single exercise, the low-pressure start stage is entered first. In this stage, the applied blood flow restriction pressure is set to 30%-40% of the individual's pre-determined limb occlusion pressure AOP. For example, if the subject's AOP is 200mmHg, the pressure in the low-pressure start stage can be set to 60-80mmHg. The duration of this stage is not fixed, but is determined by the subsequent double-parameter linkage control logic, and is designed to be 5-10 minutes. The purpose of setting the low-pressure start stage is to enable the fragile cardiovascular system and its pressure receptors of the elderly subject to gradually adapt to the initial state of blood flow restriction in a low-risk, low-stress environment, avoiding sudden blood pressure fluctuations, dizziness, or discomfort caused by sudden pressure rise, thereby buffering and reducing the risk of cardiovascular events.

[0029] When the double-parameter linkage logic judgment of S400 is met, the intermediate adaptation stage is automatically entered. This stage is the stage of generating effective metabolic stimulation. The blood flow restriction pressure will be gradually adjusted from the low pressure starting value to 50%-60% of the individual limb occlusion pressure AOP and maintained. Continuing the example, the pressure will be adjusted to 100-120 mmHg and kept relatively stable. This pressure interval can effectively limit venous return, accumulate metabolites in the muscle, and create ischemia-reperfusion cycles without affecting complete arterial blood flow blockage, thereby simulating the anabolic signal stimulation of high-intensity exercise on the muscle. The vascular adaptability established in the early low-pressure starting stage provides a safe basis for maintaining a more effective restriction strength in this stage.

[0030] In the late stage of exercise, the late fine-tuning stage is entered. This stage makes a fine adjustment of the pressure value set in the intermediate adaptation stage, with an amplitude not exceeding ±10%. For example, if the intermediate adaptation pressure is 110 mmHg, the fine-tuning range is about 99-121 mmHg. The adjustment is not random, but is dynamically calculated and calibrated according to the relative position of the muscle oxygen saturation value monitored by S300 in the preset overall target interval, in order to achieve fine management of the stimulation intensity. This stage aims to calibrate the hypoxia stimulation according to the real-time physiological feedback of the individual at the end of exercise, to avoid excessive fatigue or insufficient stimulation, and to optimize the overall efficiency of a single intervention.

[0031] S200 involves preparation and start before intervention. A blood flow restriction cuff with automatic pressure adjustment is worn by the subject on the proximal end of the target limb. In this embodiment, the cuff is connected to a closed-loop pressure control system consisting of an electric air pump, a high-precision proportional valve, and a pressure sensor, which can achieve rapid and accurate adjustment of the pressure in the cuff. At the same time, a wireless near-infrared spectral monitoring probe is worn by the subject on the thickest part of the target muscle belly. The selection of the target muscle should be highly correlated with the form of aerobic exercise: if the lower limb is the dominant movement, the quadriceps is the first choice; if walking or jogging is performed, the gastrocnemius muscle can be selected; if upper limb exercise is performed, the biceps brachii is selected. The probe emits near-infrared light of a specific wavelength and detects the light signal after being absorbed and scattered by the muscle tissue, non-invasively and in real time calculates and outputs the muscle oxygen saturation value of the local muscle, which reflects the percentage of oxygenated hemoglobin and total hemoglobin in the muscle tissue and is a direct indicator of muscle oxygen supply and demand balance and local metabolic state. After the equipment is worn, the subject starts a 3-5 minute low-intensity aerobic warm-up exercise, with the intensity set at 30%-40% of the heart rate reserve. The warm-up is used to raise the heart rate and muscle blood flow, so that the physiological system enters the exercise preparation state, and at the same time, the monitoring equipment is initialized to ensure stable signals.

[0032] The S300 constructs a real-time exercise intensity regulation mechanism based on muscle oxygen saturation feedback. The embodiment discards the traditional fixed load or heart rate-based extensive control mode, and directly uses the local metabolic state of the target muscle, i.e., muscle oxygen saturation, as the regulation basis. The overall target interval of muscle oxygen saturation is set to 50%-70%. When the muscle oxygen saturation is higher than 70%, it usually indicates that the muscle oxygen supply is sufficient but the metabolic stimulation is insufficient. When the muscle oxygen saturation is lower than 50%, it may indicate that the degree of hypoxia is too deep, and there is a risk of excessive metabolic pressure and fatigue accumulation. For sarcopenic elderly people, maintaining in this interval can maximize the safety while inducing beneficial metabolic stress.

[0033] The regulation mechanism is as follows: the real-time muscle oxygen saturation value from the near-infrared spectroscopy probe is continuously received. When the real-time value is higher than 70% (i.e., higher than the upper limit of the overall target interval), the control system increases the load (such as resistance, slope, or speed) of the aerobic exercise equipment (such as a power bicycle or a treadmill) to increase the oxygen consumption rate of the muscle, so as to reduce the muscle oxygen saturation to the target interval. Conversely, when the real-time value is lower than 50% (i.e., lower than the lower limit of the overall target interval), the exercise load is immediately reduced, and the muscle oxygen supply is increased to restore the muscle oxygen saturation.

[0034] The dynamic adjustment is realized through a proportional-integral feedback control algorithm to ensure the rapid response and steady-state accuracy of the adjustment. The specific formula is as follows: wherein, FH represents the load adjustment amount applied to the aerobic exercise equipment in the next control cycle, Kp is a proportional coefficient, Ki is an integral coefficient for controlling the response speed and steady-state accuracy of the adjustment, μ represents the instantaneous muscle oxygen saturation target value set according to the target sub-interval corresponding to the current stress stage, μ represents the current muscle oxygen saturation value obtained by real-time monitoring through the near-infrared spectroscopy technology. The algorithm continuously calculates the deviation between the target value and the measured value and the integral (i.e., the cumulative deviation) thereof, outputs a smooth and continuous load adjustment instruction, drives the exercise equipment to work, and finally accurately controls the real-time muscle oxygen saturation within the preset target sub-interval.

[0035] The S400 performs a two-parameter linkage control, which intelligently couples the external stress loading and the internal metabolic regulation, breaks the traditional mode of independent stress stage conversion and exercise load adjustment, and establishes a collaborative decision-making mechanism with muscle oxygen saturation stability as the core criterion. A specific muscle oxygen saturation target sub-interval is set for each stress stage, and the specific correspondence is as follows: Low-pressure starting stage: the corresponding muscle oxygen saturation target sub-interval is 60%-70%.

[0036] Mid-adaptation stage: the corresponding muscle oxygen saturation target sub-interval is 50%-60%.

[0037] Late fine-tuning stage: dynamically maintain muscle oxygen saturation in the overall interval of 50%-70%, but the pressure will be fine-tuned according to the position of the real-time value within this interval.

[0038] As shown in Figure 2 The execution logic of linkage control is as follows: In any pressure stage, first, according to the muscle oxygen saturation target sub-interval corresponding to the pressure stage, adjust the exercise load through the real-time regulation mechanism of S200 to stabilize the real-time muscle oxygen saturation in the corresponding target sub-interval; When the real-time muscle oxygen saturation is stably maintained in the target sub-interval of the low-pressure starting stage for a first predetermined time, trigger the phased progressive pressure to switch from the low-pressure starting stage to the mid-adaptation stage; When the real-time muscle oxygen saturation is stably maintained in the target sub-interval of the mid-adaptation stage for a second predetermined time, trigger the phased progressive pressure to enter the late fine-tuning stage.

[0039] In the late fine-tuning stage, the fine-tuning of the pressure is directly linked to the real-time value of the muscle oxygen saturation, and the basic pressure value set in the mid-adaptation stage is slightly corrected to fine-tune the stimulation intensity. Specifically: , wherein represents the pressure value to be applied after fine-tuning, represents the basic pressure value set in the mid-adaptation stage, is the pressure fine-tuning sensitivity coefficient, is the current muscle oxygen saturation value obtained by real-time monitoring through near-infrared spectroscopy technology, and are the upper and lower limits of the overall target interval of muscle oxygen saturation dynamically maintained in the late fine-tuning stage; the normalized position of the real-time muscle oxygen saturation within the interval [50%, 70%] is mapped to the offset of the basic pressure, and when the muscle oxygen saturation approaches the lower limit of the interval, the pressure is moderately reduced to improve blood flow, and when it approaches the upper limit, the pressure is moderately increased to maintain moderate hypoxic stimulation.

[0040] The essence of this formula is to normalize the position of the real-time muscle oxygen saturation within the interval [50%, 70%] and map it to an offset of the basic pressure The offset amount is calculated by the formula: offset = 0.5 * (target - current), where target is the target muscle oxygen saturation value, and current is the real-time muscle oxygen saturation value. When the real-time muscle oxygen saturation approaches the lower limit of the interval (50%), the formula calculates a negative result, which appropriately reduces the pressure to improve local blood flow and alleviate excessive hypoxia. When it approaches the upper limit (70%), the calculation result is positive, which appropriately increases the pressure to strengthen blood flow restriction and maintain moderate hypoxic stimulation. Through this dynamic mapping, the pressure value can be automatically adjusted according to the fluctuations of muscle metabolic state, and the muscle is always maintained in the ideal stress window.

[0041] The S500 is the end stage of intervention. When the total exercise time reaches the preset duration, or the subject presents a preset safety termination indication, the end procedure is started. First, the control system of the blood flow restriction cuff smoothly releases the pressure in the blood flow restriction cuff according to the preset program, avoiding the possibility of excessive blood reperfusion reaction caused by sudden pressure drop. After the cuff is completely loosened, the subject continues to perform low-intensity relaxation activities for 3-5 minutes. During this period, the heart rate, blood pressure, blood oxygen saturation, and muscle oxygen saturation recovery curve of the target muscle are continuously monitored and recorded until the indicators basically return to the resting level or stable state.

[0042] As shown in Figure 3 , a blood flow restriction combined with aerobic exercise intervention method for sarcopenic elderly people is described, and the specific process is as follows: (1) Preparation stage The subject wears a blood flow restriction cuff that can automatically adjust the pressure and is fixed to the proximal end of the target limb.

[0043] A near-infrared spectral monitoring probe is worn on the target muscle (such as the quadriceps, gastrocnemius, or biceps brachii).

[0044] Perform device self-check and signal calibration.

[0045] (2) Start low-pressure start-up stage The subject starts low-intensity aerobic warm-up exercise.

[0046] Apply low-pressure start-up stage pressure, set to 30%-40% of individual limb occlusion pressure.

[0047] Monitor muscle oxygen saturation at the same time, target between 60%-70%.

[0048] (3) Enter the middle adaptation stage When the muscle oxygen saturation is stable within the target interval for a period of time in the low-pressure start-up stage, automatically prompt to enter the middle adaptation stage.

[0049] Gradually adjust the blood flow restriction pressure to 50%-60% of the individual limb occlusion pressure.

[0050] At the same time, adjust the exercise load to maintain the muscle oxygen saturation at the target sub-interval of 50%-60%.

[0051] (4) Enter the late fine-tuning stage When the muscle oxygen saturation is stable in the target interval of the middle adaptation stage for a period of time, it is prompted to enter the late fine-tuning stage.

[0052] In this stage, according to the position of real-time muscle oxygen saturation in the overall target interval (50%-70%), the pressure is adjusted slightly (the amplitude does not exceed ±10%) to maintain moderate hypoxic stimulation.

[0053] (5) Real-time regulation of exercise load Throughout the process, the muscle oxygen saturation is monitored by near-infrared spectroscopy.

[0054] If the muscle oxygen saturation is higher than the upper limit of the target interval, the aerobic exercise load is automatically increased.

[0055] If the muscle oxygen saturation is lower than the lower limit of the target interval, the aerobic exercise load is automatically reduced.

[0056] (6) End and recovery After the exercise is completed, the blood flow restriction cuff pressure is slowly released according to the preset program.

[0057] The physiological indicators during the recovery period are continuously monitored.

[0058] The data is recorded, and the current intervention is ended.

[0059] In summary, the present application organically combines and operates the above steps to build a precise exercise intervention system from gradual pressure loading to real-time sensing of local metabolism and then to intelligent linkage of double parameters. This method fully considers the physiological vulnerability of sarcopenic elderly people, buffers risks through low-pressure start, ensures stimulation accuracy through muscle oxygen feedback, and optimizes overall efficiency through linkage control, thereby maximizing the benefits of blood flow restriction combined with aerobic exercise on improving muscle mass and function above the safety bottom line, and providing an operational, quantifiable, and personalized solution for clinical rehabilitation and community exercise intervention.

[0060] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, and does not limit the present application in any form. Although the present application has been disclosed as above with a preferred embodiment, it is not intended to limit the present application. Any person skilled in the art can make some changes or modifications to the above disclosed technical content to make equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes, without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present application. Any simplification, modification, equivalent change and modification of the above embodiments made according to the technical essence of the present application, without departing from the technical solution of the present application, are still within the scope of the technical solution of the present application.

Claims

1. A blood flow restriction combined with aerobic exercise intervention method for sarcopenic elderly people, characterized by, The specific steps of the method are: S100, constructing a staged progressive pressure, during a single aerobic exercise, the blood flow restriction pressure applied to the target limb is loaded according to a three-stage mode of low-pressure start, mid-term adaptation, and late fine-tuning; S200, wearing a blood flow restriction sleeve with automatic pressure adjustment on the proximal end of the target limb of the subject, and wearing a near-infrared spectral monitoring probe on the target muscle, the subject starts low-intensity aerobic warm-up exercise; S300, constructing a real-time exercise intensity regulation mechanism based on muscle oxygen saturation feedback, continuously monitoring the muscle oxygen saturation of the target muscle through the near-infrared spectral monitoring probe, and dynamically adjusting the load of aerobic exercise according to the muscle oxygen saturation; S400, performing double-parameter linkage control, linking the staged progressive pressure and the real-time exercise intensity regulation mechanism based on muscle oxygen saturation feedback, so that each pressure stage corresponds to a specific muscle oxygen saturation target subinterval, and according to whether the real-time muscle oxygen saturation is in the corresponding target subinterval, the pressure stage conversion and exercise load adjustment are decided collaboratively; S500, after the exercise is completed, release the blood flow restriction pressure according to the preset program, and monitor the recovery period physiological indicators.

2. The blood flow restriction combined with aerobic exercise intervention method for sarcopenic elderly people according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S100, the staged progressive pressure is: At the beginning of the single exercise, enter the low-pressure start stage, set the applied blood flow restriction pressure to 30%-40% of the individual pre-determined limb occlusion pressure; When the double-parameter linkage control logic is met, enter the mid-term adaptation stage, gradually adjust the blood flow restriction pressure to 50%-60% of the individual limb occlusion pressure and maintain it; In the late stage of exercise, enter the late fine-tuning stage, on the basis of the pressure in the mid-term adaptation stage, make a micro-adjustment with an amplitude not exceeding ±10%.

3. The blood flow restriction training method for sarcopenic older adults of claim 1, wherein, In S400, each pressure stage corresponds to a specific muscle oxygen saturation target subinterval, which is: The muscle oxygen saturation target subinterval corresponding to the low-pressure start stage is 60%-70%; The muscle oxygen saturation target subinterval corresponding to the mid-term adaptation stage is 50%-60%; The muscle oxygen saturation target dynamically maintains within the overall interval of 50%-70% in the late fine-tuning stage.

4. The blood flow restriction training method for sarcopenic older adults of claim 1, wherein, In S300, the real-time exercise intensity regulation mechanism based on muscle oxygen saturation feedback is: Based on the predetermined overall target interval of muscle oxygen saturation 50%-70%; When the real-time monitored muscle oxygen saturation value is higher than the upper limit of the overall target interval, increase the load of aerobic exercise to increase muscle oxygen consumption; When the muscle oxygen saturation value is lower than the lower limit of the overall target interval, reduce the load of aerobic exercise.

5. The blood flow restriction training method for sarcopenic older adults of claim 3, wherein the blood flow restriction training method further comprises: In S400, the logic of double-parameter linkage control is: In any pressure stage, first, according to the muscle oxygen saturation target subinterval corresponding to the pressure stage, adjust the exercise load through the real-time regulation mechanism of S200 to stabilize the real-time muscle oxygen saturation in the corresponding target subinterval; When the real-time muscle oxygen saturation is stably maintained in the target subinterval of the low-pressure start stage for a first predetermined time, trigger the staged progressive pressure to convert from the low-pressure start stage to the mid-term adaptation stage; When the real-time muscle oxygen saturation is stable for a second predetermined time in the target sub-interval of the middle adaptation stage, a staged gradual pressure entry is triggered into a late fine-tuning stage.

6. The blood flow restriction training method for sarcopenic older adults of claim 4, wherein the blood flow restriction training method further comprises: The load of the aerobic exercise is dynamically adjusted by feedback control in the S300, specifically: wherein, FH represents the load adjustment amount applied to the aerobic exercise equipment in the next control cycle, is a proportional coefficient, is an integral coefficient, used to control the response speed and steady-state accuracy of the adjustment, represents the instantaneous muscle oxygen saturation target value set according to the target sub-interval median corresponding to the current pressure stage, represents the current muscle oxygen saturation value obtained by real-time monitoring through near-infrared spectroscopy technology; By calculating the deviation and integral of the measured value and the target value, the load adjustment command is continuously output to control the real-time muscle oxygen saturation in the target sub-interval.

7. The blood flow restriction training method for sarcopenic older adults of claim 2, wherein, In the S100, the pressure fine adjustment in the later fine adjustment stage is performed according to the relative position of the muscle oxygen saturation monitored in the S300 within the overall target interval, specifically: wherein, represents the pressure value to be applied after fine adjustment, represents the base pressure value set in the intermediate adaptation stage, is a pressure fine adjustment sensitivity coefficient, is the current muscle oxygen saturation value obtained by real-time monitoring through near-infrared spectroscopy technology, and are the upper limit and the lower limit, respectively, of the overall target interval of muscle oxygen saturation dynamically maintained in the later fine adjustment stage.

8. The blood flow restriction training method for sarcopenic older adults of claim 1, wherein, In the S200, the target muscle is the muscle group with the highest correlation degree to the aerobic exercise form among the quadriceps femoris, gastrocnemius, and biceps brachii.

9. The blood flow restriction training method for sarcopenic older adults of claim 1, wherein, The pressure regulation of the blood flow restriction cuff is realized by a control system composed of an electric air pump, a proportional valve, and a pressure sensor, which is used to control the pressure in the cuff, and the near-infrared spectral monitoring probe is wireless.

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