Ultra-wideband phased array unit antenna with two polarizations

Abstract

The invention provides an ultra-wideband phased array unit antenna with two polarizations, and relates to the technical field of antennas. The ultra-wideband phased array unit antenna with the two polarizations comprises a radiation layer, an upper oscillator patch is formed on the upper surface of the radiation layer, a lower oscillator patch is formed on the lower surface of the radiation layer, the upper oscillator patch comprises a first oscillator patch and a second oscillator patch which are connected with each other and are arranged at an angle of 90 degrees, the first oscillator patch is provided with a first feed part, and the second oscillator patch is provided with a second feed part. The lower-layer oscillator patch comprises a third oscillator patch and a fourth oscillator patch which are connected with each other and are arranged at an angle of 90 degrees; and the third oscillator patch is provided with a second feed part. Wherein the length of the second oscillator patch is larger than that of the first oscillator patch, the length of the fourth oscillator patch is larger than that of the third oscillator patch, and the first oscillator patch, the second oscillator patch, the third oscillator patch and the fourth oscillator patch are all provided with special-shaped grooves. The antenna can realize the characteristics of linear polarization transceiving at a low frequency band and circular polarization transceiving at a high frequency band.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of antenna technology, and more specifically, to an ultra-wideband phased array antenna with two polarizations. Background Technology

[0002] In the fields of wireless communication and detection, the interconnection and interoperability between multiple platforms, as well as the multi-functionality and versatility of platforms, have become development trends. Multi-functionality and versatility of platforms are effective methods to improve system integration and reduce costs. In antenna applications, this manifests as the ability to achieve multiple frequency bands or multiple polarizations on the same antenna array surface. Among these, ultra-wideband antennas, due to their exceptionally wide operating bandwidth and ability to encompass more than two operating frequency bands, are increasingly favored in practical applications, particularly in the field of phased array antennas.

[0003] In the existing technology, there are mature theories and designs for ultra-wideband linearly polarized antennas and ultra-wideband circularly polarized antennas. However, the polarization characteristics of existing antennas remain constant within the ultra-wideband operating range, and can only achieve linear or circular polarization within the operating frequency band.

[0004] However, in practical applications, users have different needs within the ultra-wide operating frequency band. For example, linear polarization is required for transmission and reception in the low frequency band, while circular polarization is required in the high frequency band. Existing technologies make it difficult to achieve this in the same antenna array. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to provide an ultra-wideband phased array element antenna with two polarizations, which can achieve linear polarization for low-frequency transmission and reception and circular polarization for high-frequency transmission and reception in a single antenna.

[0006] The embodiments of the present invention can be implemented as follows: This invention provides an ultra-wideband phased array element antenna with two polarizations, comprising: A radiating layer has an upper surface and a lower surface. An upper oscillator patch is formed on the upper surface, and a lower oscillator patch is formed on the lower surface. The upper oscillator patch includes a first oscillator patch and a second oscillator patch that are interconnected and set at 90° to each other. The first oscillator patch is provided with a first power supply section. The lower oscillator patch includes a third oscillator patch and a fourth oscillator patch that are interconnected and set at 90° to each other. The third oscillator patch is provided with a second power supply section. The length of the second oscillator patch is greater than the length of the first oscillator patch, and the length of the fourth oscillator patch is greater than the length of the third oscillator patch. All three oscillator patches—the first, second, third, and fourth—are provided with irregularly shaped grooves. A transmission layer is disposed on the side of the radiation layer located on the lower surface. The transmission layer is provided with a first metallized hole corresponding to the first feed portion and a second metallized hole corresponding to the second feed portion. A reflective layer is disposed on the side of the transmission layer away from the radiation layer, and the reflective layer is provided with a connector mounting hole corresponding to the first metallized hole; A power supply post is provided in the first metallized hole. One end of the power supply post is connected to the first power supply part, and the other end extends to the connector mounting hole. A grounding post is provided in the second metallized hole. One end of the grounding post is connected to the second power supply part, and the other end is connected to the reflective layer.

[0007] In an optional embodiment, the first power supply part has a first power supply point and a first connection part. The first power supply point is disposed at the center of the upper surface, and the first connection part is connected to the first power supply point and extends to the first oscillator patch and is connected to the first oscillator patch. The first oscillator patch has a second connecting portion extending toward the second oscillator patch on one side of the first connecting portion, and the second connecting portion is connected to the middle of the end of the second oscillator patch; The radiating layer is provided with a through hole corresponding to the first feed point. The through hole corresponds to the first metallized hole. The feed post passes through the through hole and connects to the first feed point. The distance between the outer edge of the first oscillator patch and the first feed point is less than the distance between the outer edge of the second oscillator patch and the first feed point.

[0008] In an optional embodiment, the irregular groove includes a first slit disposed on the first oscillator patch, the first slit extending in a curved manner from the middle of the first oscillator patch toward the second oscillator patch, and the end of the slit penetrating through the first oscillator patch.

[0009] In an optional embodiment, the second connecting portion is an arc shape extending counterclockwise with the first power supply point as the center; The second oscillator patch has two second slits spaced apart in the middle. The two second slits extend along the length of the second oscillator patch and one end penetrates the inner side of the second oscillator patch. A third connecting part is formed between the two second slits, and the second connecting part is connected to the third connecting part. The length of the second slit is λ / 4, and the difference between the distance between the outer edge of the second oscillator patch and the center of the first feed point and the distance between the outer edge of the first oscillator patch and the center of the first feed point is 0.1λ; where λ is the operating wavelength in the high-frequency band.

[0010] In an optional embodiment, the irregular groove further includes a first U-shaped groove, which is disposed in the middle of the second oscillator patch, and the opening of the first U-shaped groove is disposed corresponding to the second slit and the third connecting portion, and the ends of the second slit and the third connecting portion extend into the opening of the first U-shaped groove. The opening of the first U-shaped groove gradually increases in the direction of the second slit and the third connecting part.

[0011] In an optional embodiment, the second power supply section has a fourth connection section and a plurality of second power supply points disposed on the fourth connection section. The fourth connection section is annular and is concentrically disposed with the through hole to avoid the through hole. The transmission layer is provided with a plurality of second metallization holes corresponding to the plurality of second power supply points. The fourth connecting part is connected to the third vibrator patch, and the fourth vibrator patch is connected to the fourth connecting part; The distance between the outer edge of the third vibrator patch and the center of the fourth connecting part is less than the distance between the outer edge of the fourth vibrator patch and the center of the fourth connecting part.

[0012] In an optional embodiment, the irregular groove further includes a third slit disposed on the third transducer patch, the third slit extending in a curved manner from the middle of the third transducer patch toward the fourth transducer patch, and the end of the third transducer patch penetrating through the third transducer patch. The fourth transducer patch has two fourth slits spaced apart in the middle. The two fourth slits extend along the length of the fourth transducer patch and one end penetrates the inner side of the fourth transducer patch. A fifth connecting part is formed between the two fourth slits and the fifth connecting part is connected to the fourth connecting part. The length of the fourth slit is λ / 4, and the difference between the distance between the outer edge of the fourth transducer patch and the center of the fourth connecting part and the distance between the outer edge of the third transducer patch and the center of the fourth connecting part is 0.1λ; where λ is the operating wavelength of the high-frequency band.

[0013] In an optional embodiment, the irregular groove further includes a second U-shaped groove, which is disposed in the middle of the fourth oscillator patch, and the opening of the second U-shaped groove is disposed corresponding to the fourth slit and the fifth connecting portion, and the ends of the fourth slit and the fifth connecting portion extend into the opening of the second U-shaped groove; The opening of the second U-shaped groove gradually increases towards the fourth slit and the fifth connecting part.

[0014] In an optional embodiment, the first oscillator patch and the third oscillator patch are arranged in opposite directions, the second oscillator patch and the fourth oscillator patch are arranged in opposite directions, the upper surface is provided with a first coupling patch in the opposite direction to the extension direction of the first oscillator patch, and the lower surface is provided with a second coupling patch in the opposite direction to the extension direction of the third oscillator patch. The transmission layer is cross-shaped and has four branches, which correspond one-to-one with the first oscillator patch, the second oscillator patch, the third oscillator patch, and the fourth oscillator patch, respectively.

[0015] In an optional embodiment, the reflective layer is made of metal, and the side of the reflective layer corresponding to the transmission layer has a recessed mounting groove and four adjustment blocks that correspond to the transmission layer. The transmission layer portion is housed within the mounting slot, and the height of each of the four adjustment blocks is 0.025λ; where λ is the operating wavelength in the high-frequency band.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the ultra-wideband phased array element antenna with two polarizations provided in the embodiments of the present invention include: This application achieves circular polarization radiation characteristics by making the length of the second element patch greater than that of the first element patch, and the length of the fourth element patch greater than that of the third element patch, and by providing non-circular slots in all four element patches. This structure achieves a 90° phase difference and orthogonal polarization between the first and second element patches, and between the third and fourth element patches. Because the lengths of the first and second element patches and the third and fourth element patches in the same layer differ, the circular polarization characteristics of the antenna can deteriorate in the low-frequency band, exhibiting linear polarization. However, the non-circular slots improve the circular polarization characteristics in the high-frequency band, resulting in an antenna that exhibits linear polarization transmission and reception in the low-frequency band and circular polarization transmission and reception in the high-frequency band within the ultra-wideband frequency range. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an ultra-wideband phased array element antenna with two polarizations provided in this embodiment; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the ultra-wideband phased array antenna with two polarizations provided in this embodiment. Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the upper vibrator patch structure disposed on the upper surface of the radiating layer for the ultra-wideband phased array antenna with two polarizations provided in this embodiment. Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the lower-layer vibrator patch structure of the ultra-wideband phased array antenna with two polarizations provided in this embodiment, which is disposed on the lower surface of the radiating layer. Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the transmission layer structure of an ultra-wideband phased array element antenna with two polarizations provided in this embodiment; Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the reflector structure of an ultra-wideband phased array antenna with two polarizations provided in this embodiment; Figure 7 This is a simulation diagram of the axial ratio when no irregular slots are opened on the unit antenna; Figure 8 A simulation diagram of the axial ratio of an ultra-wideband phased array element antenna with two polarizations provided in this embodiment; Figure 9 The axial ratio of the ultra-wideband phased array antenna with two polarizations provided in this embodiment is a curve showing the change with frequency.

[0019] Icons: 1-Upper oscillator patch; 101-First oscillator patch; 1011-First slot; 102-Second oscillator patch; 1021-First U-shaped groove; 2-Radiation layer; 3-Lower oscillator patch; 301-Third oscillator patch; 3011-Third slot; 302-Fourth oscillator patch; 3021-Second U-shaped groove; 4-First coupling patch; 5-Reflective layer; 501-Connector mounting hole; 502-Adjusting block; 6-Grounding post; 7-Feeding post; 8-Transmission layer; 801-First metallized hole; 802-Second metallized hole; 9-Second coupling patch. Detailed Implementation

[0020] In the existing technology, there are mature theories and designs for ultra-wideband linearly polarized antennas and ultra-wideband circularly polarized antennas. However, the polarization characteristics of existing antennas remain constant within the ultra-wideband operating range, and can only achieve linear or circular polarization within the operating frequency band.

[0021] However, in practical applications, users have different needs within the ultra-wide operating frequency band. For example, linear polarization is required for transmission and reception in the low frequency band, while circular polarization is required in the high frequency band. Existing technologies make it difficult to achieve this in the same antenna array.

[0022] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides an ultra-wideband phased array antenna with two polarizations, which can achieve linear polarization for low-frequency transmission and reception and circular polarization for high-frequency transmission and reception in a single antenna, thereby meeting the communication needs of specific scenarios.

[0023] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0024] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0025] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0026] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that if terms such as "upper," "lower," "inner," or "outer" are used to indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the product of this invention is usually placed, they are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0027] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be interpreted as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0028] It should be noted that, where there is no conflict, the features in the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other.

[0029] The following detailed description of the overall structure, working principle, and technical effects of the ultra-wideband phased array antenna with two polarizations provided by the present invention, through embodiments and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, is a practical example.

[0030] Please refer to Figure 1 This embodiment provides an ultra-wideband phased array antenna with two polarizations. This antenna can be applied to a comprehensive platform to achieve linear polarization for low-frequency transmission and reception and circular polarization for high-frequency transmission and reception, thereby meeting the communication requirements of the platform.

[0031] It should be noted that this integrated platform can be a platform that simultaneously supports X-band radar using linear polarization for transceiver and K-band satellite communication, which typically uses circular polarization for transceiver.

[0032] Please refer to Figures 1 to 6 In this embodiment, the ultra-wideband phased array antenna with two polarizations includes a radiating layer 2, a transmission layer 8, and a reflective layer 5. The radiation layer 2 has an upper surface and a lower surface. An upper oscillator patch 1 is formed on the upper surface, and a lower oscillator patch 3 is formed on the lower surface. The upper oscillator patch 1 includes a first oscillator patch 101 and a second oscillator patch 102 that are interconnected and set at 90°. The first oscillator patch 101 is provided with a first power supply section. The lower oscillator patch 3 includes a third oscillator patch 301 and a fourth oscillator patch 302 that are interconnected and set at 90°. The third oscillator patch 301 is provided with a second power supply section. The length of the second oscillator patch 102 is greater than the length of the first oscillator patch 101, and the length of the fourth oscillator patch 302 is greater than the length of the third oscillator patch 301. The first oscillator patch 101, the second oscillator patch 102, the third oscillator patch 301, and the fourth oscillator patch 302 are all provided with irregular grooves. A transmission layer 8 is disposed on the side of the radiation layer 2 located on its lower surface. The transmission layer 8 has a first metallized via 801 corresponding to the first feed section and a second metallized via 802 corresponding to the second feed section. A reflective layer 5 is disposed on the side of the transmission layer 8 away from the radiation layer 2. The reflective layer 5 has a connector mounting hole 501 corresponding to the first metallized via 801. A feed post 7 is disposed within the first metallized via 801, with one end connected to the first feed section and the other end extending to the connector mounting hole 501. A grounding post 6 is disposed within the second metallized via 802, with one end connected to the second feed section and the other end connected to the reflective layer 5.

[0033] Reference Figures 1 to 9 In this embodiment, by making the length of the second vibrator patch 102 greater than the length of the first vibrator patch 101 and the length of the fourth vibrator patch 302 greater than the length of the third vibrator patch 301, and by providing irregularly shaped slots in the first vibrator patch 101, the second vibrator patch 102, the third vibrator patch 301, and the fourth vibrator patch 302, a 90° phase difference and polarization orthogonality are achieved between the first vibrator patch 101 and the second vibrator patch 102, and between the third vibrator patch 301 and the fourth vibrator patch 302, circular polarization radiation characteristics are realized. Because the lengths of the first vibrator patch 101 and the second vibrator patch 102, and the lengths of the third vibrator patch 301 and the fourth vibrator patch 302, differ within the same layer, the circular polarization characteristics of the antenna can be degraded in the low-frequency band, exhibiting linear polarization. Setting up a non-circular slot can improve its circular polarization characteristics in the high-frequency band, thus achieving the overall characteristic of a single antenna in the ultra-wideband band: linear polarization for low-frequency transmission and reception and circular polarization for high-frequency transmission and reception.

[0034] Please refer to Figures 1 to 6In this embodiment, the radiating layer 2 is a high-frequency microwave copper-clad laminate, square in shape with a side length of L. The upper oscillator patch 1 and the lower oscillator patch 3 are formed by an etching process. L is determined by the maximum scanning angle θ of the phased array antenna and the operating wavelength of the high-frequency band, and the length of L can be calculated by the following formula: .

[0035] In this embodiment, the first feed section has a first feed point and a first connecting portion. The first feed point is located at the center of the upper surface, and the first connecting portion is connected to the first feed point and extends to connect with the first oscillator patch 101. A second connecting portion extends from the side of the first oscillator patch 101 toward the second oscillator patch 102, and the second connecting portion connects to the middle of the end of the second oscillator patch 102. The radiating layer 2 has a through-hole corresponding to the first feed point, and the through-hole corresponds to the first metallization hole. The feed post 7 passes through the through-hole and connects with the first feed point. The distance between the outer edge of the first oscillator patch 101 and the first feed point is smaller than the distance between the outer edge of the second oscillator patch 102 and the first feed point.

[0036] This embodiment achieves better feed connection by setting a first feed point, a first connection part, and a first through hole. The distance between the outer edge of the first vibrator patch 101 and the first feed point is smaller than the distance between the outer edge of the second vibrator patch 102 and the first feed point. This allows the antenna to deteriorate its circular polarization characteristics in the low-frequency band, exhibiting linear polarization.

[0037] Specifically, the edge of the second oscillator patch 102 extends to the edge of the radiation layer 2, while the edge of the first oscillator patch 101 has a gap with the edge of the radiation layer, thus creating a length difference between the two.

[0038] Please refer to Figures 1 to 9 In this embodiment, the irregular groove includes a first slit 1011 disposed on the first oscillator patch 101. The first slit 1011 bends and extends from the middle of the first oscillator patch 101 toward the second oscillator patch 102, and its end extends through the first oscillator patch 101.

[0039] In this embodiment, by providing a curved first slit 1011 on the first oscillator patch 101, the current flow on the first oscillator patch 101 can be partially changed, thereby improving the circular polarization axial ratio characteristics in the high-frequency band.

[0040] Please refer to Figures 1 to 6In this embodiment, the second connecting portion is an arc shape extending counterclockwise with the first feed point as its center. Two second slits are spaced apart in the middle of the second oscillator patch 102, extending along the length of the second oscillator patch 102, with one end penetrating the inner side of the second oscillator patch 102. A third connecting portion is formed between the two second slits, and the second connecting portion connects to the third connecting portion. The length of the second slit is λ / 4, and the difference between the distance between the outer edge of the second oscillator patch 102 and the center of the first feed point and the distance between the outer edge of the first oscillator patch 101 and the center of the first feed point is 0.1λ. Here, λ is the operating wavelength in the high-frequency band. In this embodiment, λ is 20.5 mm.

[0041] In this embodiment, by setting the second connecting portion as an arc extending counterclockwise and providing a second slot, a 90° phase difference is easily formed between the first vibrator patch 101 and the second vibrator patch 102. Setting the length difference to 0.1λ can degrade the circular polarization characteristics of the antenna in the low-frequency band, causing it to exhibit linear polarization.

[0042] Furthermore, the second connection part is a transmission line that extends from the left root of the first oscillator patch 101 and connects to the second oscillator patch 102.

[0043] Furthermore, the irregular groove also includes a first U-shaped groove 1021, which is disposed in the middle of the second oscillator patch 102. The opening of the first U-shaped groove 1021 corresponds to the second slit and the third connecting portion, and the ends of the second slit and the third connecting portion extend into the opening of the first U-shaped groove 1021. The opening of the first U-shaped groove 1021 gradually increases in the direction of the second slit and the third connecting portion.

[0044] In this embodiment, a first U-shaped groove 1021 is provided in the middle of the second oscillator patch 102 to increase the path length of current on the second oscillator patch 102, thereby improving impedance matching in the low-frequency band.

[0045] Please refer to Figures 1 to 6 In this embodiment, the second power supply section has a fourth connecting section and multiple second power supply points disposed on the fourth connecting section. The fourth connecting section is annular and concentrically disposed with the through hole to avoid the through hole. The transmission layer 8 is provided with multiple second metallized holes corresponding to the multiple second power supply points. The fourth connecting section is connected to the third oscillator patch 301, and the third oscillator patch 301 is connected to the fourth connecting section. The distance between the outer edge of the third oscillator patch 301 and the center of the fourth connecting section is less than the distance between the outer edge of the fourth oscillator patch 302 and the center of the fourth connecting section.

[0046] This embodiment designs the second feed section using the aforementioned structure, which facilitates grounding connections. Setting the distance between the outer edge of the third vibrator patch 301 and the center of the fourth connector to be smaller than the distance between the outer edge of the fourth vibrator patch 302 and the center of the fourth connector degrades the antenna's circular polarization characteristics in the low-frequency band, causing it to exhibit linear polarization. The annular fourth connector facilitates a 90° phase connection between the third vibrator patch 301 and the fourth connector.

[0047] In this embodiment, the irregular groove also includes a third slit 3011 disposed on the third oscillator patch 301. The third slit 3011 bends and extends from the middle of the third oscillator patch 301 toward the fourth oscillator patch 302, and its end penetrates through the third oscillator patch 301.

[0048] In this embodiment, by setting a curved third slit 3011 on the third oscillator patch 301, the current flow on the third oscillator patch 301 can be partially changed, thereby improving the circular polarization axial ratio characteristics in the high-frequency band.

[0049] Please refer to Figures 1 to 6 Furthermore, two fourth slits are spaced apart in the middle of the fourth transducer patch 302. These two fourth slits extend along the length of the fourth transducer patch 302, with one end penetrating the inner side of the fourth transducer patch 302. A fifth connecting portion is formed between the two fourth slits and connects to the fourth connecting portion. The length of the fourth slit is λ / 4. The difference between the distance between the outer edge of the fourth transducer patch 302 and the center of the fourth connecting portion and the distance between the outer edge of the third transducer patch 301 and the center of the fourth connecting portion is 0.1λ; where λ is the operating wavelength in the high-frequency band.

[0050] In this embodiment, by setting the length of the fourth slot to λ / 4, a 90° phase difference is formed between the third oscillator patch 301 and the fourth oscillator patch 302. Setting the length difference to 0.1λ will degrade the circular polarization characteristics of the antenna in the low-frequency band, causing it to exhibit linear polarization.

[0051] Specifically, the edge of the fourth transducer patch 302 extends to the edge of the corresponding radiation layer 2, while the edge of the third transducer patch 301 has a gap with the edge of the corresponding radiation layer 2, thus creating a length difference between the two.

[0052] Furthermore, the irregular groove also includes a second U-shaped groove 3021, which is disposed in the middle of the fourth oscillator patch 302. The opening of the second U-shaped groove 3021 corresponds to the fourth slit and the fifth connecting portion, and the ends of the fourth slit and the fifth connecting portion extend into the opening of the second U-shaped groove 3021. The opening of the second U-shaped groove 3021 gradually increases in the direction of the fourth slit and the fifth connecting portion.

[0053] In this embodiment, a second U-shaped groove 3021 is provided in the middle of the fourth oscillator patch 302, which can increase the path length of current on the fourth oscillator patch 302 to improve impedance matching in the low-frequency band.

[0054] In this embodiment, the first oscillator patch 101 and the third oscillator patch 301 are arranged in opposite directions, and the second oscillator patch 102 and the fourth oscillator patch 302 are arranged in opposite directions. A first coupling patch 4 is arranged on the upper surface in the opposite direction to the extension direction of the first oscillator patch 101, and a second coupling patch 9 is arranged on the lower surface in the opposite direction to the extension direction of the third oscillator patch 301.

[0055] In this embodiment, by setting a first coupling plate and a second coupling plate, they can work together with the first oscillator patch 101 and the third oscillator patch 301 to achieve tight coupling, which can significantly increase the antenna's operating bandwidth.

[0056] Specifically, the first oscillator patch 101 extends upward, the second oscillator patch 102 extends to the left, the third oscillator patch 301 extends downward, and the fourth oscillator patch 302 extends to the right, thus projecting to form a cross-shaped branch.

[0057] Please refer to Figures 1 to 6 In this embodiment, the transmission layer 8 consists of a dielectric layer with a thickness of λ / 7. The transmission layer 8 is cross-shaped with four branches, each corresponding to one of the first vibrator patch 101, the second vibrator patch 102, the third vibrator patch 301, and the fourth vibrator patch 302. The transmission layer 8 can constrain the electromagnetic field beneath the upper vibrator patch 1 and the lower vibrator patch 3, improving impedance matching and increasing antenna efficiency.

[0058] Furthermore, the reflective layer 5 is made of metal, and a mounting groove corresponding to the transmission layer 8 and four adjusting blocks 502 are recessed on one side of the reflective layer 5. The four adjusting blocks 502 are formed by setting the mounting groove. The transmission layer 8 is partially housed in the mounting groove, and the height of each of the four adjusting blocks 502 is 0.025λ; where λ is the operating wavelength in the high-frequency band.

[0059] In this embodiment, four symmetrically distributed adjustment blocks 502 are formed on the reflective layer 5 using mounting slots, and the height of the adjustment blocks 502 is set to 0.025λ. The adjustment blocks 502 can cancel the resonance caused by the common-mode effect due to tight coupling and improve the impedance matching of the mid-band. The connector mounting hole 501 connects the inner conductor of the connector to the feed post 7 to realize antenna feeding.

[0060] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the low-frequency band is the X-band, while the high-frequency band corresponds to the K-band.

[0061] Figure 7The figure shows the simulation results of the antenna axial ratio without the opening of the non-standard slot. As can be seen from the figure, the axial ratio is 4.77dB at a high frequency of 14.5GHz. Figure 8 The simulation results for the axial ratio after adding the irregular slot in this embodiment show that the axial ratio at the same frequency point is reduced to 1.97dB. By comparison, it can be seen that after introducing the irregular slot, the axial ratio at the 14.5GHz high frequency is improved by 2.8dB, indicating that the circular polarization radiation performance at this frequency point is significantly improved.

[0062] Figure 9 The figure shows the axial ratio curve of the antenna element in this embodiment as a function of frequency. It can be observed from the figure that the antenna element has a high axial ratio in the low-frequency band, reaching over 32dB at 8GHz; while the axial ratio decreases significantly in the high-frequency band, dropping below 2dB at 17GHz. A lower axial ratio results in better circular polarization characteristics; a higher axial ratio results in characteristics closer to linear polarization. Therefore, the antenna element designed in this application exhibits linear polarization transmission and reception in the low-frequency band and circular polarization transmission and reception in the high-frequency band, demonstrating distinct frequency band-differentiated polarization characteristics.

[0063] In summary, this embodiment utilizes a tightly coupled microstrip structure with a second transducer patch 102 having a length greater than the first transducer patch 101, and a fourth transducer patch 302 having a length greater than the third transducer patch 301. Furthermore, each of the first, second, third, and fourth transducer patches 101, 102, 301, and 302 has a non-uniform slot. This achieves a 90° phase difference and orthogonal polarization between the first and second transducer patches 101 and 102, and between the third and fourth transducer patches 301 and 302, thus realizing circular polarization radiation characteristics. Because the lengths of the first and second transducer patches 101 and 102, and the third and fourth transducer patches 301, differ within the same layer, the circular polarization characteristics of the antenna deteriorate in the low-frequency band, exhibiting linear polarization. Setting up a non-circular slot can improve its circular polarization characteristics in the high-frequency band, thus achieving the overall characteristic of a single antenna in the ultra-wideband band: linear polarization for low-frequency transmission and reception and circular polarization for high-frequency transmission and reception.

[0064] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An ultra-wideband phased array element antenna with two polarizations, characterized in that, include: A radiation layer (2) has an upper surface and a lower surface. An upper oscillator patch (1) is formed on the upper surface, and a lower oscillator patch (3) is formed on the lower surface. The upper oscillator patch (1) includes a first oscillator patch (101) and a second oscillator patch (102) that are interconnected and arranged at 90° to each other. The first oscillator patch (101) is provided with a first power supply section. The lower oscillator patch (3) includes a third oscillator patch (301) that is interconnected and arranged at 90° to each other. The third oscillator patch (301) is provided with a second power supply section, and the length of the second oscillator patch (102) is greater than the length of the first oscillator patch (101), the length of the fourth oscillator patch (302) is greater than the length of the third oscillator patch (301), and the first oscillator patch (101), the second oscillator patch (102), the third oscillator patch (301) and the fourth oscillator patch (302) are all provided with irregular grooves; A transmission layer (8) is disposed on one side of the radiation layer (2) located on the lower surface. The transmission layer (8) is provided with a first metallized hole (801) corresponding to the first feed part and a second metallized hole (802) corresponding to the second feed part. A reflective layer (5) is disposed on the side of the transmission layer (8) away from the radiation layer (2), and the reflective layer (5) is provided with a connector mounting hole (501) corresponding to the first metallized hole (801). A power supply post (7) is provided in the first metallized hole (801). One end of the power supply post (7) is connected to the first power supply part, and the other end extends to the connector mounting hole (501). A grounding post (6) is provided in the second metallized hole (802). One end of the grounding post (6) is connected to the second power supply part, and the other end is connected to the reflective layer (5).

2. The ultra-wideband phased array element antenna with two polarizations according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first power supply part has a first power supply point and a first connection part. The first power supply point is disposed at the center of the upper surface. The first connection part is connected to the first power supply point and extends to the first oscillator patch (101) and is connected to the first oscillator patch (101). The first oscillator patch (101) has a second connecting portion extending toward the second oscillator patch (102) on one side of the first connecting portion, and the second connecting portion is connected to the middle of the end of the second oscillator patch (102); The radiation layer (2) is provided with a through hole corresponding to the first feed point. The through hole corresponds to the first metallized hole (801). The feed post (7) passes through the through hole and connects to the first feed point. The distance between the outer edge of the first oscillator patch (101) and the first feed point is less than the distance between the outer edge of the second oscillator patch (102) and the first feed point.

3. The ultra-wideband phased array antenna with two polarizations according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The irregular groove includes a first slit (1011) disposed on the first oscillator patch (101), the first slit (1011) extending from the middle of the first oscillator patch (101) toward the second oscillator patch (102) and the end of the slit passing through the first oscillator patch (101).

4. The ultra-wideband phased array element antenna with two polarizations according to claim 2, characterized in that, The second connecting part is an arc shape extending counterclockwise with the first power supply point as the center; Two second slits are provided at intervals in the middle of the second oscillator patch (102). The two second slits extend along the length direction of the second oscillator patch (102) and one end penetrates through the inner side of the second oscillator patch (102). A third connecting part is formed between the two second slits. The second connecting part is connected to the third connecting part. The length of the second slit is λ / 4, and the difference between the distance between the outer edge of the second oscillator patch (102) and the center of the first feed point and the distance between the outer edge of the first oscillator patch (101) and the center of the first feed point is 0.1λ; where λ is the operating wavelength of the high-frequency band.

5. The ultra-wideband phased array element antenna with two polarizations according to claim 4, characterized in that, The irregular groove also includes a first U-shaped groove (1021), which is disposed in the middle of the second vibrator patch (102), and the opening of the first U-shaped groove (1021) is disposed corresponding to the second slit and the third connecting part, and the ends of the second slit and the third connecting part extend into the opening of the first U-shaped groove (1021). The opening of the first U-shaped groove (1021) gradually increases in the direction of the second slit and the third connecting part.

6. The ultra-wideband phased array element antenna with two polarizations according to claim 2, characterized in that, The second power supply section has a fourth connection section and a plurality of second power supply points disposed on the fourth connection section. The fourth connection section is annular and is concentrically disposed with the through hole to avoid the through hole. The transmission layer (8) is provided with a plurality of second metallized holes corresponding to the plurality of second power supply points. The fourth connecting part is connected to the third vibrator patch (301), and the fourth vibrator patch (302) is connected to the fourth connecting part; The distance between the outer edge of the third vibrator patch (301) and the center of the fourth connecting part is less than the distance between the outer edge of the fourth vibrator patch (302) and the center of the fourth connecting part.

7. The ultra-wideband phased array element antenna with two polarizations according to claim 6, characterized in that, The irregular groove also includes a third slit (3011) disposed on the third vibrator patch (301), the third slit (3011) extending from the middle of the third vibrator patch (301) toward the fourth vibrator patch (302) and the end of the slit penetrating the third vibrator patch (301). The fourth oscillator patch (302) has two fourth slits spaced apart in the middle. The two fourth slits extend along the length of the fourth oscillator patch (302) and one end penetrates the inner side of the fourth oscillator patch (302). A fifth connecting part is formed between the two fourth slits and the fifth connecting part is connected to the fourth connecting part. The length of the fourth slit is λ / 4, and the difference between the distance between the outer edge of the fourth vibrator patch (302) and the center of the fourth connecting part and the distance between the outer edge of the third vibrator patch (301) and the center of the fourth connecting part is 0.1λ; where λ is the operating wavelength of the high-frequency band.

8. The ultra-wideband phased array element antenna with two polarizations according to claim 7, characterized in that, The irregular groove also includes a second U-shaped groove (3021), which is disposed in the middle of the fourth vibrator patch (302), and the opening of the second U-shaped groove (3021) is disposed corresponding to the fourth slit and the fifth connecting part, and the ends of the fourth slit and the fifth connecting part extend into the opening of the second U-shaped groove (3021); The second U-shaped groove (3021) gradually increases in size towards the fourth slit and the fifth connecting part.

9. The ultra-wideband phased array element antenna with two polarizations according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The first oscillator patch (101) and the third oscillator patch (301) are arranged in opposite directions, the second oscillator patch (102) and the fourth oscillator patch (302) are arranged in opposite directions, the upper surface is provided with a first coupling patch (4) in the opposite direction to the extension direction of the first oscillator patch (101), and the lower surface is provided with a second coupling patch (9) in the opposite direction to the extension direction of the third oscillator patch (301). The transmission layer (8) is cross-shaped and has four branches, which correspond one-to-one with the first oscillator patch (101), the second oscillator patch (102), the third oscillator patch (301) and the fourth oscillator patch (302).

10. The ultra-wideband phased array element antenna with two polarizations according to claim 9, characterized in that, The reflective layer (5) is made of metal, and the reflective layer (5) is recessed on one side corresponding to the transmission layer (8) with a corresponding mounting groove and four adjusting blocks (502). The transmission layer (8) is partially housed in the mounting slot, and the height of each of the four adjustment blocks (502) is 0.025λ; where λ is the operating wavelength of the high-frequency band.

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