System for flexibly preparing nitrate

Abstract

The invention discloses a system for flexibly preparing nitrate ester. The system comprises a Meilan acid storage tank, a fuming sulfuric acid storage tank, a first acid mixing ejector, a second acid mixing ejector, a first acid cooler, a second acid cooler, a polyhydric alcohol storage tank, a spraying nitrator, a coil pipe cooler, a kettle type continuous overflow nitrator, a centrifugal separator, a first dynamic washing separator and a second dynamic washing separator. The device comprises a first dynamic washing separator, a second dynamic washing separator, a third dynamic washing separator, a jet conveyor, a jet conveying water tank, a nitrate finished product temporary storage tank, a wastewater curved channel device, a nitrate-containing waste acid temporary storage tank, a flow meter, a gear pump, a three-way valve A, a three-way valve B, a three-way valve C and a three-way valve D, according to the system for preparing the nitrate ester, the nitrate ester can be prepared by selecting a spraying nitration process or a kettle type continuous overflow nitration process according to the characteristics of the nitrate ester.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of energetic materials preparation technology, and specifically to a flexible system for preparing nitrate esters. Background Technology

[0002] Nitrates are important plasticizer components in propellants, gunpowders, and other explosives, and are one of the important sources of energy for gunpowder. Currently, nitrate manufacturing mainly uses jet nitration or continuous overflow nitration processes. Depending on the process, they can be divided into jet nitrate production lines or continuous overflow nitrate production lines, which are two independent production lines with different processes.

[0003] With the diversification of demand for nitrate esters, manufacturers need to construct separate production lines for two different processes—jet nitration and continuous overflow nitration—depending on their specific properties. Compared to a flexible nitrate ester preparation system, constructing two separate production lines with different processes presents several challenges, including larger footprint, higher equipment investment, higher construction and operating costs, longer construction periods, and more fixed safety risks related to ester-ester separation, washing separation, and jet conveying. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing a flexible system for preparing nitrate esters.

[0005] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0006] The present invention discloses a flexible system for preparing nitrate esters, comprising a Melancholic acid storage tank, a fuming sulfuric acid storage tank, a first acid mixing injector and a second acid mixing injector, a first acid cooler and a second acid cooler, a polyol storage tank, an injection nitrifier, a coil cooler, a continuous overflow nitrifier, a centrifugal separator, a first dynamic washing separator, a second dynamic washing separator and a third dynamic washing separator, an injection conveyor, an injection conveying water tank, a nitrate ester finished product temporary storage tank, a wastewater channel, a nitrate ester-containing waste acid temporary storage tank, a flow meter, a gear pump, and three-way valves A, B, C and D.

[0007] The outlet of the Mélanthate acid storage tank is connected to one inlet of the first acid mixing injector via a pipeline; the outlet of the fuming sulfuric acid storage tank is connected to the other inlet of the first acid mixing injector via a pipeline. The pipelines contain a flow meter and a gear pump. The outlet of the first acid mixing injector is connected to the inlet of the first acid cooler. The outlet of the first acid cooler is connected to the inlet of the continuous overflow nitrifier and one inlet of the second acid mixing injector via a three-way valve A. The other inlet of the second acid mixing injector is connected to the outlet of the nitrate-containing waste acid storage tank, and its outlet is connected to the inlet of the second acid cooler. The outlet of the polyol storage tank is connected to one inlet of the injection nitrifier and the inlet of the continuous overflow nitrifier via a three-way valve B. The outlet of the second acid cooler is connected to the other inlet of the injection nitrifier. The outlet of the continuous overflow nitrifier is connected to the inlet of the centrifuge via a three-way valve C; the nitrate outlet of the centrifuge is connected to the inlet of the dynamic washing separation; the waste acid outlet of the centrifuge is connected to the inlet of the nitrate-containing waste acid storage tank and the inlet of the nitrate-containing stabilization treatment process via a three-way valve D; the nitrate outlet of the dynamic washing separation is connected to the dynamic washing separation inlet, and the wastewater outlet is connected to the wastewater channel; the nitrate outlet of the dynamic washing separation is connected to the dynamic washing separation inlet, and the wastewater outlet is connected to the wastewater channel; the nitrate outlet of the dynamic washing separation is connected to one inlet of the jet conveyor, and the wastewater outlet is connected to the wastewater channel; the other inlet of the jet conveyor is also connected to the jet conveying water storage tank, and the outlet is connected to the nitrate finished product temporary storage tank.

[0008] When selecting the jet nitration process, the Melancholic acid in the Melancholic acid storage tank and the fuming sulfuric acid in the fuming sulfuric acid storage tank are mixed into a mixed acid by a first acid mixing injector, cooled by a first acid cooler, and then mixed with nitrate ester-containing waste acid by a mixing injector to form the working acid for the jet nitration process. After being cooled by a second acid cooler, it undergoes a nitration reaction with polyols in the jet nitrator to generate an ester emulsion. After being cooled by a coil cooler, it enters a centrifugal separator. The separated nitrate ester-containing waste acid enters a waste acid storage tank for recycling. The separated acidic nitrate ester flows into a first dynamic washing separator for washing and separation with process washing water. The separated nitrate ester flows into a second dynamic washing separator for washing and separation with alkaline washing liquid. The separated nitrate ester flows into a third dynamic washing separator for washing and separation with alkaline washing liquid. The separated finished nitrate ester is transported to a finished product temporary storage tank by a jet conveyor, and the separated wastewater flows into a wastewater conduit.

[0009] When selecting the continuous overflow nitration process, the Melancholic acid in the Melancholic acid storage tank and the fuming sulfuric acid in the fuming sulfuric acid storage tank are mixed into a mixed acid by the first acid mixing injector, cooled by the first acid cooler, and then reacted with polyols in the continuous overflow nitrifier to generate an ester emulsion. The emulsion enters the centrifuge, and the separated waste acid containing nitrate esters flows into the stabilization treatment process. The separated acidic nitrate esters flow into the first dynamic washing separator and are washed and separated with process washing water. The separated nitrate esters flow into the second dynamic washing separator and are washed and separated with alkaline washing liquid. The separated nitrate esters flow into the third dynamic washing separator and are washed and separated with alkaline washing liquid. The separated finished nitrate esters are transported to the finished product storage tank by the jet conveyor, and the separated wastewater flows into the wastewater channel.

[0010] Beneficial effects

[0011] The system for preparing nitrate esters according to the present invention can select either jet nitration or continuous overflow nitration process based on the characteristics of nitrate esters. Compared with two independent production lines, the system has a significantly reduced footprint, number of equipment, and construction investment, resulting in a lower overall cost. Compared with two independent production lines, the system has a significantly reduced number of fixed hazardous points (reduced equipment for separation, washing, and conveying), resulting in a significant reduction in safety risks. Attached Figure Description

[0012] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the connection of the system for preparing nitrate esters according to the present invention;

[0013] In the diagram, 1-Mellansé acid storage tank, 2-fuming sulfuric acid storage tank, 3-flow meter, 4-gear pump, 5-first acid mixing injector, 6-first acid cooler, 8-second acid mixing injector, 9-second acid cooler, 7, 11, 14, 23-three-way valves, 10-polyol storage tank, 12-jet nitrifier, 13-coil cooler, 15-centrifuge, 16-first dynamic washing separator, 17-second dynamic washing separator, 18-third dynamic washing separator, 19-jet conveyor, 20-jet conveying water tank, 21-nitrate ester finished product temporary storage tank, 22-wastewater bender, 24-nitrate ester-containing waste acid storage tank, 25-continuous overflow nitrifier. Detailed Implementation

[0014] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0015] Example

[0016] The present invention provides a flexible system for preparing nitrate esters, such as... Figure 1As shown, the system includes a Mellans acid storage tank 1, a fuming sulfuric acid storage tank 2, a first acid mixing injector 5 and a second acid mixing injector 8, a first acid cooler 6 and a second acid cooler 9, a polyol storage tank 10, an injection nitrifier 12, a coil cooler 13, a continuous overflow nitrifier 25, a centrifugal separator 15, a first dynamic washing separator 16, a second dynamic washing separator 17 and a third dynamic washing separator 18, an injection conveyor 19, an injection conveying water tank 20, a nitrate ester finished product temporary storage tank 21, a wastewater bender 22, a nitrate ester-containing waste acid temporary storage tank 24, a flow meter 3, a gear pump 4, a three-way valve A7, a three-way valve B11, a three-way valve C14 and a three-way valve D23;

[0017] The outlet of the Märlan acid storage tank 1 is connected to one inlet of the first acid mixing injector 5 via a pipeline; the outlet of the fuming sulfuric acid storage tank 2 is connected to the other inlet of the first acid mixing injector 5 via a pipeline. A flow meter 3 and a gear pump 4 are installed on the pipeline. The outlet of the first acid mixing injector 5 is connected to the inlet of the first acid cooler 6. The outlet of the first acid cooler 6 is connected to the inlet of the continuous overflow nitrifier 25 via a three-way valve A7 and one inlet of the second acid mixing injector 8. The other inlet of the second acid mixing injector 8 is connected to the outlet of the nitrate-containing waste acid storage tank 24, and its outlet is connected to the inlet of the second acid cooler 9. The outlet of the polyol storage tank 10 is connected to one inlet of the injection nitrifier 12 and the inlet of the continuous overflow nitrifier 25 via a three-way valve B11. The outlet of the second acid cooler 9 is connected to the other inlet of the injection nitrifier 12. The outlet of the injection nitrifier 12 and the continuous overflow nitrifier 25 are connected to the other inlet of the injection nitrifier 12. The outlet of the continuous overflow nitrifier 25 is connected to the inlet of the centrifuge 15 via a three-way valve C14; the nitrate ester outlet of the centrifuge 15 is connected to the inlet of the dynamic washing separator 16; the waste acid outlet of the centrifuge 15 is connected to the inlet of the nitrate ester-containing waste acid storage tank 24 and the inlet of the nitrate ester-containing stabilization treatment process via a three-way valve D23; the nitrate ester outlet of the dynamic washing separator 16 is connected to the inlet of the dynamic washing separator 17, and the wastewater outlet is connected to the wastewater manifold 22; the nitrate ester outlet of the dynamic washing separator 17 is connected to the inlet of the dynamic washing separator 18, and the wastewater outlet is connected to the wastewater manifold 22; the nitrate ester outlet of the dynamic washing separator 18 is connected to one inlet of the jet conveyor 19, and the wastewater outlet is connected to the wastewater manifold 22; the other inlet of the jet conveyor 19 is also connected to the jet conveying water storage tank 20, and the outlet is connected to the nitrate ester finished product temporary storage tank 21.

[0018] When selecting the jet nitration process, the Melancholic acid in the Melancholic acid storage tank 1 and the fuming sulfuric acid in the fuming sulfuric acid storage tank 2 are mixed into a mixed acid by the first acid mixing injector 5, cooled by the first acid cooler 6, and then mixed with the nitrate ester-containing waste acid by the mixing injector 8 to form the working acid for the jet nitration process. After being cooled by the second acid cooler 9, it undergoes a nitration reaction with polyol in the jet nitrator 12 to generate an ester emulsion. After being cooled by the coil cooler 13, it enters the centrifuge 15. The separated nitrate ester-containing waste acid enters the waste acid storage tank 24 for recycling. The separated acidic nitrate ester flows into the first dynamic washing separator 16 for washing and separation with process washing water. The separated nitrate ester flows into the second dynamic washing separator 17 for washing and separation with alkaline washing liquid. The separated nitrate ester flows into the third dynamic washing separator 18 for washing and separation with alkaline washing liquid. The separated finished nitrate ester is transported to the finished product temporary storage tank 21 by the jet conveyor 19, and the separated wastewater flows into the wastewater channel 22.

[0019] When selecting the continuous overflow nitration process, the Melancholic acid in the Melancholic acid storage tank 1 and the fuming sulfuric acid in the fuming sulfuric acid storage tank 2 are mixed into a mixed acid by the first acid mixing injector 5, cooled by the first acid cooler 6, and reacted with polyol in the continuous overflow nitrifier 25 to generate an ester emulsion, which enters the centrifuge 15. The separated waste acid containing nitrate esters flows into the stabilization treatment process, the separated acidic nitrate esters flow into the first dynamic washing separator 16 to be washed and separated with process washing water, the separated nitrate esters flow into the second dynamic washing separator 17 to be washed and separated with alkaline washing liquid, the separated nitrate esters flow into the third dynamic washing separator 18 to be washed and separated with alkaline washing liquid, the separated finished nitrate esters are transported to the finished product temporary storage tank 21 by the jet conveyor 19, and the separated wastewater flows into the wastewater channel 22.

Claims

1. A system for flexible production of nitric acid esters, characterized in that a melamine acid storage tank, a fuming sulfuric acid storage tank, a first acid mixing injector and a second acid mixing injector, a first acid cooler and a second acid cooler, a polyol storage tank, a jet nitration device, a coil cooler, a continuous overflow kettle nitration device, a centrifugal separator, a first dynamic washing separator, a second dynamic washing separator, and a third dynamic washing separator, a jet conveyor, a jet conveying water tank, a nitrate ester product temporary storage tank, a waste water channeler, a nitrate ester waste acid containing storage tank, a flow meter, a gear pump, a three-way valve A, a three-way valve B, a three-way valve C, and a three-way valve D; an outlet of the melamine acid storage tank is connected to one inlet of the first acid mixing injector through a pipeline, and an outlet of the fuming sulfuric acid storage tank is connected to another inlet of the first acid mixing injector through a pipeline, and a flow meter and a gear pump are arranged on the pipeline; an outlet of the first acid mixing injector is connected to an inlet of the first acid cooler; an outlet of the first acid cooler is connected to an inlet of the continuous overflow kettle nitration device and one inlet of the second acid mixing injector through a three-way valve A; another inlet of the second acid mixing injector is connected to an outlet of the nitrate ester waste acid containing storage tank, and an outlet is connected to an inlet of the second acid cooler; an outlet of the polyol storage tank is connected to one inlet of the jet nitration device and an inlet of the continuous overflow kettle nitration device through a three-way valve B; an outlet of the second acid cooler is connected to another inlet of the jet nitration device; an outlet of the jet nitration device and an outlet of the continuous overflow kettle nitration device are connected to an inlet of the centrifugal separator through a three-way valve C; a nitrate ester outlet of the centrifugal separator is connected to an inlet of the dynamic washing separator, and a waste acid outlet of the centrifugal separator is connected to an inlet of the nitrate ester waste acid containing storage tank and an inlet of a nitrate ester stabilizing treatment process through a three-way valve D; a nitrate ester outlet of the dynamic washing separator is connected to an inlet of the dynamic washing separator, and a waste water outlet is connected to the waste water channeler; a nitrate ester outlet of the dynamic washing separator is connected to an inlet of the dynamic washing separator, and a waste water outlet is connected to the waste water channeler; a nitrate ester outlet of the dynamic washing separator is connected to one inlet of the jet conveyor, and a waste water outlet is connected to the waste water channeler; another inlet of the jet conveyor is also connected to a jet conveying water storage tank, and an outlet is connected to the nitrate ester product temporary storage tank; when the jet nitration process is selected, melamine acid in the melamine acid storage tank and fuming sulfuric acid in the fuming sulfuric acid storage tank are mixed into mixed acid by the first acid mixing injector, cooled by the first acid cooler, mixed with nitrate ester waste acid by the second acid mixing injector to prepare working acid for the jet nitration process, cooled by the second acid cooler, and then reacted with polyol in the jet nitration device to generate acid ester emulsion, cooled by the coil cooler, and then separated in the centrifugal separator; the separated nitrate ester waste acid is recycled in the waste acid storage tank, the separated acid nitrate ester flows into the first dynamic washing separator to be washed and separated with process washing water, the separated nitrate ester flows into the second dynamic washing separator to be washed and separated with alkaline washing liquid, the separated nitrate ester flows into the third dynamic washing separator to be washed and separated with alkaline washing liquid, the separated product nitrate ester is conveyed to the product temporary storage tank by the jet conveyor, and the separated waste water flows into the waste water channeler. When the kettle type continuous overflow nitration process is selected, the nitric acid in the nitric acid storage tank and the oleum in the oleum storage tank are prepared into mixed acid through a first acid mixing injector, cooled through a first acid cooler, and reacted with polyols in a kettle type continuous overflow nitration device to generate acid ester emulsion, which is then fed into a centrifugal separator, the separated waste acid containing nitric acid ester is fed into a stabilizing treatment process, the separated acidic nitric acid ester is fed into a first dynamic washing separator to be washed and separated with process washing water, the separated nitric acid ester is fed into a second dynamic washing separator to be washed and separated with alkaline washing liquid, the separated nitric acid ester is fed into a third dynamic washing separator to be washed and separated with alkaline washing liquid, the separated finished product nitric acid ester is fed into a finished product temporary storage tank through a jet conveyor, and the separated waste water is fed into a waste water channel device.

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