Multi-process coupling laser welding strengthening method for copper and aluminum dissimilar metal

By employing a multi-process coupled laser welding strengthening method using a composite laser source and a three-layer coaxial nozzle end effector, the problems of brittle compound layer formation, weakening strengthening effect, and thermal interference in copper-aluminum dissimilar metal joining have been solved, achieving efficient and precise copper-aluminum dissimilar metal joining and improving joint performance and manufacturing efficiency.

CN121715696APending Publication Date: 2026-03-24NANTONG UNIV
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Patent Information

Application Number
CN202610126344.X
Authority / Receiving Office
CN · China
Patent Type
Applications(China)
Current Assignee / Owner
Filing Date
2026-01-29
Publication Date
2026-03-24

AI Technical Summary

Technical Problem

Existing technologies for joining dissimilar copper and aluminum metals suffer from problems such as the formation of brittle intermetallic compound layers, the attenuation of strengthening effect due to the welding-strengthening separation mode, and quality fluctuations caused by thermal interference from multiple weld points, making it difficult to meet the requirements for zero-defect manufacturing.

Method used

By employing a composite laser source and a three-layer coaxial nozzle end effector, combined with a digital twin system to establish a thermo-mechanical coupling model, welding and laser shock strengthening are integrated. Through long-pulse welding, short-pulse strengthening, and time-domain peak-shifting control, the welding process and residual stress are adjusted in real time, and targeted shock strengthening and defect assessment are performed to achieve multi-process coupling.

Benefits of technology

It significantly shortens the process cycle, improves the tensile strength and toughness of the joint, extends fatigue life, improves corrosion resistance, increases the yield of finished products, ensures batch consistency of multiple weld points, and reduces costs.

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Abstract

The invention discloses a copper-aluminum dissimilar metal multi-process coupling laser welding strengthening method which is characterized in that in-situ coordination of welding, stress inversion, targeted strengthening and closed-loop repair is realized by integrating a three-layer coaxial nozzle end effector, a composite laser source and a digital twin system; synchronously stabilizing the temperature of the welding pool at 2200-2500K through PID (Proportion Integration Differentiation) closed-loop control; after welding, residual stress and IMC distribution are inversed based on a digital twin heat-force coupling model, and a targeted impact path is generated; switching short pulse laser to combine with a constraint water film to realize impact strengthening, introducing + 800-+ 1200 MPa residual compressive stress, and inducing a nanocrystalline structure; and finally, through hot nitrogen transient drying and ultrasonic closed-loop repairing, joint manufacturing is completed. According to the method, the process period is shortened, the joint tensile strength is improved, and the problems of excessive brittle phases, stress degradation and low efficiency of traditional copper-aluminum welding are effectively solved.
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