Multi-material carbon-based solid waste heat treatment test platform with process cartridge and method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of solid waste resource utilization and thermochemical conversion, and discloses a multi-material carbon-based solid waste heat treatment test platform with a process cartridge and a method, the multi-material carbon-based solid waste heat treatment test platform comprises a general heating cavity, the side wall of the general heating cavity is provided with a heating device and a general heat exchange interface, and a cartridge insertion groove is formed in the general heating cavity; the calibration cartridge module and the process cartridge module are matched with the cartridge inserting grooves in size and can be selectively inserted into the universal heating cavity in an airtight manner; wherein the calibration cartridge is internally provided with a three-dimensional temperature detection array, and the process cartridge module is internally provided with a reaction channel matched with the solid waste form; and the feeding air locking mechanism is connected with the deslagging grading mechanism. By adopting the structural design that the general heating cavity is matched with the detachable process cartridge module, the same pilot plant test platform can be widely matched with solid wastes in various forms such as blocks, particles and powder, and different heat sources are accessed by utilizing the general heat exchange interface.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of solid waste resource utilization and thermochemical conversion technology, specifically to a multi-material carbon-based solid waste thermal treatment test platform and method with a process cartridge. Background Technology

[0002] Low-carbon treatment and resource utilization of bulk carbon-based solid waste such as waste tires, waste plastics, decommissioned wind turbine blades, and waste photovoltaic module backsheets have become common challenges that the industry urgently needs to address. Thermochemical conversion technologies such as pyrolysis and gasification are considered highly promising treatment methods because they can achieve the reduction, harmlessness, and energy utilization of solid waste. To promote the industrial application of these technologies, especially the co-firing and co-firing of these solid wastes in coal-fired power plant boilers or industrial gasifiers, it is essential to first obtain accurate pyrolysis and gasification characteristic data on a pilot-scale experimental platform to guide engineering design and operational optimization.

[0003] However, existing heat treatment experimental devices generally suffer from strong specialization and poor versatility. They are typically designed with a single reactor structure for a specific form or type of material. For example, fixed beds are only suitable for small particles, fluidized beds have strict requirements on material density and particle size, and rotary kilns are difficult to precisely control local residence time. Faced with diverse solid wastes of varying forms (such as lumps, strips, granules, and powders) and vastly different thermophysical properties, multiple independent experimental devices are often required, leading to high R&D costs and lengthy development cycles. More importantly, the heating methods, temperature measurement points, and heat dissipation characteristics of different devices are inconsistent, resulting in a lack of a unified thermal field benchmark for the obtained pyrolysis and gasification data. This makes cross-sectional comparisons difficult, and it is even more difficult to establish reliable mathematical models to achieve engineering scale-up predictions from pilot-scale data to industrial scale. In addition, existing devices often lack real-time monitoring and correction methods for the actual temperature field inside the reactor during the test process. They often rely on wall temperature or single-point temperature measurement to replace the overall bed temperature, ignoring the influence of the heat transfer lag effect of different materials. This results in a large deviation between the obtained kinetic parameters and the actual operating conditions, making it impossible to accurately guide the setting of the co-firing ratio and the safety limit of operation in industrial sites. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a test platform and method for the thermal treatment of multi-material carbon-based solid waste with a process cartridge, thus solving the problems mentioned in the background section.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a multi-material carbon-based solid waste thermal treatment test platform with a process cartridge, comprising: A universal heating chamber, wherein the side wall of the universal heating chamber is provided with a heating device and a universal heat exchange interface, and a cartridge insertion groove is formed inside it; The calibration cartridge and the process cartridge module are both adapted to the size of the cartridge insertion slot and can be selectively and hermetically inserted into the universal heating chamber; wherein, the calibration cartridge has a three-dimensional temperature detection array arranged inside, and the process cartridge module has a reaction channel adapted to the form of solid waste. The feeding airlock mechanism and the slag discharge and grading mechanism are respectively arranged at the upstream and downstream ports of the cartridge insertion slot; The gas supply pipeline assembly is connected to the gas phase inlet of the process cartridge module; The online sampling and condensation unit is connected to the gas phase outlet of the process cartridge module; The control and data management system is communicatively connected to the heating device, calibration cartridge, and process cartridge module. The control and data management system is configured to: construct a thermal field calibration model based on the three-dimensional temperature distribution fed back by the calibration cartridge in calibration mode; and adaptively correct the heating power in the process cartridge module based on the thermal field calibration model in test mode.

[0006] Preferably, the process cassette module includes a push-type cassette for blocky or strip-shaped solid waste, a screw-propelled cassette for granular solid waste, and a vibrating sliding cassette for powdery solid waste. Each type of process cartridge module has an RFID tag on its housing. The control and data management system automatically retrieves the corresponding calibration parameters by identifying the RFID tag.

[0007] Preferably, the calibration cartridge is filled with a standard medium, and the three-dimensional temperature detection array includes at least three layers of temperature measuring points arranged along the axial direction of the calibration cartridge, and at least three columns of temperature measuring points arranged radially; the control and data management system inverts the effective thermal conductivity and heat transfer hysteresis time based on the data from the three-dimensional temperature detection array.

[0008] Preferably, the side wall of the universal heating cavity is provided with an infrared observation window and an infrared imaging device. The infrared imaging device is used to collect the temperature field distribution on the outer surface of the calibration cartridge. The control and data management system correlates the bed temperature measured inside the calibration cartridge with the outer surface temperature measured by the infrared imaging device to establish a mapping relationship between heating power, bed temperature and outer surface temperature.

[0009] Preferably, the control and data management system has a built-in digital twin model, which is established based on the parameters measured by the calibration cartridge; In test mode, the control and data management system compares the real-time collected temperature data with the predicted values ​​of the digital twin model. When the deviation exceeds a preset threshold, it automatically adjusts the power output of the heating device and the flow rate of the gas supply pipeline assembly.

[0010] Preferably, the gas supply pipeline assembly includes supply pipelines for inert gas, steam, carbon dioxide, and oxygen-containing gas; The control and data management system is configured to switch between pyrolysis mode, gasification mode, or autothermal mode within the same process cartridge module by controlling the switching valve of the gas supply pipeline assembly.

[0011] Preferably, the slag discharge grading mechanism includes at least two slag discharge channels with independently adjustable openings; The control and data management system identifies abnormal operating conditions such as coking, slagging, or channel blockage in the process cassette module by monitoring the slag discharge temperature and slag discharge quality change curves at the slag discharge grading mechanism.

[0012] A test method for thermal treatment of multi-material carbon-based solid waste with a process cartridge includes the following steps: S1: Install the calibration cartridge into the cartridge insertion slot of the universal heating cavity, collect three-dimensional temperature distribution and infrared images of the outer surface under preset working conditions, and establish a thermal field calibration model. S2: Remove the calibration cartridge, install a process cartridge module that matches the form of the target solid waste, and use the thermal field calibration model to correct the heating power and time curve of the target test; S3: Solid waste is added through the feeding and airlock mechanism, and process gas is introduced through the gas supply pipeline assembly. The control and data management system performs closed-loop control based on the corrected curve. S4: The product is collected using an online sampling and condensation unit, and the solid residue is discharged through a slag discharge and grading mechanism.

[0013] Preferably, it also includes S5: storing the product distribution data, operating parameters and slag discharge characteristics obtained under a unified thermal field calibration model for different forms of solid waste into a database to construct a multi-material heat treatment response fingerprint database.

[0014] Preferably, the multi-material heat treatment response fingerprint database is used for engineering scale-up prediction. The control and data management system matches the key parameters in the fingerprint database with the operating conditions of the industrial plant and outputs the recommended co-firing ratio, equivalent ratio and temperature range for the coupled utilization of the target solid waste in the industrial plant.

[0015] This invention provides a test platform and method for the thermal treatment of multi-material carbon-based solid waste with a process cartridge. It has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention, through the structural design of a universal heating chamber combined with a detachable process cartridge module, achieves broad adaptability of a single pilot-scale platform to various forms of solid waste, including blocky, granular, and powdery solids. By utilizing universal heat exchange interfaces to connect to different heat sources, and combining specific reaction channels designed for different material forms, such as push-type, spiral propulsion, and vibration sliding, a single device can meet diverse research needs for the thermal treatment of bulk solid waste, significantly improving the versatility and equipment utilization of the pilot-scale platform, and effectively reducing experimental costs.

[0016] 2. This invention utilizes a calibration cartridge with an embedded three-dimensional temperature measurement array in conjunction with an infrared imaging device to construct a thermal field calibration model and digital twin system between heating power, outer surface temperature, and internal bed true temperature. This enables adaptive and precise temperature control during the experiment, effectively solving the problem of temperature parameter distortion caused by limited temperature measurement points and differences in thermal inertia in traditional pilot-scale devices. It ensures the comparability of data from cartridges with different structures under the same thermal field reference, significantly improving the accuracy and repeatability of experimental data.

[0017] 3. This invention constructs a thermal treatment response fingerprint database based on multi-material test data under unified thermal field calibration, providing direct data support for the industrial coupling utilization of solid waste. By recording the product distribution, energy utilization, and slag discharge characteristics of different solid wastes under different process conditions, and mapping and matching these key parameters with the operating conditions of industrial equipment, this platform can quantitatively provide the recommended co-firing ratio, optimal equivalent ratio, and safe temperature range for specific solid wastes in large power plant boilers or gasifiers, thereby effectively solving the technical problem that pilot-scale data is difficult to scale up to engineering. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the calibration cartridge of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a diagram of the process cartridge type of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the system architecture of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a flowchart of the calibration and testing method of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the multi-material heat treatment fingerprint library and engineering mapping of the present invention.

[0019] The components include: 1. General heating chamber; 2. Process cartridge module; 3. Cartridge insertion slot; 4. Heating device; 5. Heat exchange interface; 6. Feeding airlock mechanism; 7. Slag discharge and grading mechanism; 8. Gas supply pipeline assembly; 9. Online sampling and condensation unit; 10. Infrared observation window and infrared imaging device; 11. Control and data management system; and 12. Calibration cartridge. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] Please see the appendix Figure 1 -Appendix Figure 6 This invention provides a multi-material carbon-based solid waste thermal treatment test platform with a process cartridge. Its core lies in achieving adaptation to different forms of solid waste and unified calibration of thermal field characteristics through modular design. The platform mainly consists of a universal heating chamber 1, a detachable process cartridge module 2, a calibration cartridge 12, auxiliary supporting systems, and a control and data management system 11.

[0022] The universal heating chamber 1, serving as the host for the thermal environment, is designed as a vertically arranged steel shell structure, lined with refractory material to withstand high temperatures of 900 to 1000 degrees Celsius. Heating devices 4 are arranged on the side walls of the universal heating chamber 1. Depending on the experimental requirements, the heating devices 4 can be electric heating tubes, gas furnace flue coils, or power plant waste heat exchangers, and are connected to a heat source through universal heat exchange interfaces 5 on the side walls, thereby simulating the heat exchange boundary conditions of an industrial site. Inside the universal heating chamber 1, a cartridge insertion slot 3 is formed. This slot has standardized guiding and sealing interfaces for selectively inserting either the process cartridge module 2 or the calibration cartridge 12, and is airtightly locked by a high-temperature resistant annular sealing ring.

[0023] To accommodate the diverse forms of bulk carbon-based solid waste, the process cartridge module 2 is designed as a component with a uniform external size but varying internal reaction channel structures. Specifically, it includes three typical structures: The first is a push-type process cartridge, which has an internal rectangular push channel and works in conjunction with a push head at the end. The push head is driven by an external motor or hydraulic cylinder, and the pushing speed is adjustable from 0.1 to 10 mm / s, suitable for block or strip-shaped solid waste such as waste wind turbine blade segments and waste plastic plates; the second is a screw-propelled process cartridge, which has an internal cylindrical shell and a screw conveyor shaft, with the screw speed adjustable from 0.5 to 10 rpm, suitable for granular solid waste such as waste tire pellets and biomass pellets; the third is a vibratory sliding process cartridge, which has an internal inclined shallow groove channel and is driven by an external vibratory motor at a frequency of 10 to 50 Hz and an amplitude of 0.5 to 3 mm, suitable for powdery solid waste such as photovoltaic backsheet powder and finely ground carbon black. Each process cartridge module 2 has an RFID tag on its outer shell, which records the cartridge type and recommended operating parameters for automatic identification and retrieval by the control and data management system 11.

[0024] The platform's auxiliary systems include a top-mounted feeding airlock mechanism 6, a bottom-mounted slag discharge and grading mechanism 7, a side-mounted gas supply pipeline assembly 8, and an online sampling and condensation unit 9. The feeding airlock mechanism 6 employs a double-layered star-shaped discharge valve or a double-gate valve, and is supplied with sealing gas to prevent air infiltration. The slag discharge and grading mechanism 7 includes at least two independently adjustable slag discharge trays and cooling gas channels, used for grading and discharging residues at different temperature windows, and for identifying coking or blockage abnormalities by utilizing changes in slag discharge temperature and quality. The gas supply pipeline assembly 8 connects to multiple gas sources, and through switching valves, inert gas, steam, carbon dioxide, air, or oxygen-enriched air can be introduced into the process cartridge module 2 to support switching between pyrolysis, gasification, or autothermal modes.

[0025] The general-purpose heating chamber 1 has a high-temperature resistant transparent observation window on its side wall, and an infrared imaging device 10 is arranged on its outer side to monitor the temperature field of the outer surface of the cartridge. The control and data management system 11 integrates functional modules for thermal field calibration, digital twin model and multi-material fingerprint library, and is responsible for the closed-loop control of the entire system.

[0026] Example 1: like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a multi-material carbon-based solid waste thermal treatment test platform with a process cartridge, including: The general heating chamber 1 is a vertically arranged cylindrical or polygonal steel shell structure lined with refractory material. Several heating devices 4 are installed on the outer wall of the chamber. The heating devices 4 can be electric heating tubes, gas furnace flue coils or power plant waste heat steam / flue gas heat exchangers. The side wall of the general heating chamber 1 is arranged with general heat exchange interfaces 5 for connecting different heat sources. Process cartridge module 2, the process cartridge is an independent sealed structural unit, which is inserted into the cartridge insertion slot 3 inside the general heating chamber 1 through flange or guide rail, and is airtightly locked by an annular sealing ring. The process cartridge has a uniform shape, and the internal reaction channel is designed with different structures according to the material form. The calibration cartridge 12 has the same shape as the process cartridge module 2 and can be inserted into the cartridge insertion slot 3 at the same position. Its interior is filled with standard media (such as alumina balls or quartz sand with a particle size of 1-3 mm). At least three layers are arranged along the axial direction and at least three rows of temperature sensors are arranged along the radial direction to form a three-dimensional temperature detection array. It is connected to the control and data management system 11 through a high-temperature resistant cable. The feeding airlock mechanism 6 is located above the process cartridge module 2. It can continuously feed raw materials through double or triple star-shaped unloading valves, double gate valves, etc., and can introduce inert gas or circulating combustible gas into the valve cavity to reduce air infiltration. The slag discharge and grading mechanism 7 is located below the process cassette module 2 and is connected to the slag discharge port at the bottom of the process cassette module 2. It includes two or three coaxial rotating slag discharge discs. The opening of each slag discharge port can be adjusted independently. Cooling gas can be introduced into the slag discharge channel to achieve graded slag discharge at different temperature windows. At the same time, the slag discharge temperature and quality changes are used to identify coking / slag abnormalities. The gas supply pipeline assembly 8 includes supply pipelines for inert gas (N2), steam, CO2, air or oxygen-enriched air, etc. Each pipeline has a flow regulating valve and a switching valve, which converge into the gas phase inlet of the process cartridge module 2. It can switch between pyrolysis mode, gasification mode and self-heating mode as needed. The online sampling and condensation unit 9 is connected to the gas phase outlet of the process cartridge module 2 and is used to sample and pre-treat combustible gases and condensates. It may include a condenser, a decoking unit, an online gas analyzer, etc. Infrared observation window and infrared imaging device 10: A high-temperature resistant transparent window is provided on the side wall of the general heating cavity 1, and an infrared camera is arranged on the outside of the window to observe the temperature field distribution on the outer surface of the cartridge and assist in calibration. The control and data management system 11 includes an industrial controller, a data acquisition card, and host computer software. The system has a built-in digital twin model module and a multi-material heat treatment fingerprint database. The controller is electrically connected to the heating device 4, the gas supply pipeline assembly 8, the feeding airlock mechanism 6, and the slag discharge and grading mechanism 7 to achieve automatic control. In this embodiment, the maximum design temperature of the general heating chamber 1 can be 900-1000℃; the design capacity of the cartridge can be 5-50kg / h.

[0027] Example 2: This embodiment illustrates three typical process cartridge structures, all of which can be inserted into the cartridge insertion slot 3 as process cartridge module 2: The pusher-type process cassette has a rectangular or near-rectangular pusher channel inside, which is suitable for block-shaped and strip-shaped waste blower blade segments, waste plastic plates, etc. One end of the cassette is equipped with a pusher head, which can be driven by an external motor or hydraulic cylinder to push the material at a speed of 0.1 to 10 mm / s; the other end is connected to the slag discharge and classification mechanism 7. This cassette is suitable for studying segmented residence time and pyrolysis front propagation behavior. The screw propulsion process cartridge has an internal screw conveyor shaft and a cylindrical shell. It is suitable for granular waste tire pellets, biomass pellets, etc. The screw speed is adjustable (0.5~10r / min). By adjusting the speed and filling amount, the average residence time of the material in the high temperature zone can be controlled. Multiple temperature measuring points can be arranged along the axial direction. The vibratory sliding process cassette has an internal inclined shallow groove channel. The groove is driven by an external vibratory motor to realize the sliding and tumbling of powder materials (such as finely ground carbon black and powdered photovoltaic backsheet mixture) in the channel. The vibration frequency is 10-50Hz and the amplitude is 0.5-3mm. The three process cartridges mentioned above have the same external dimensions and are all inserted into the universal heating chamber 1 through a uniform flange and guide rail. Each cartridge shell is equipped with an RFID tag to record information such as cartridge type, applicable materials, recommended temperature and equivalent ratio range. The control and data management system 11 can automatically read the tag information and retrieve the corresponding thermal field calibration parameters and control strategies.

[0028] Example 3: This embodiment presents a process for thermal field calibration and digital twin model establishment: For calibration preparation, select a calibration cartridge 12 that matches the shape of the target process cartridge module 2. Fill the inside with alumina balls with a particle size of 1-3mm. The filling height is consistent with the actual material height. Arrange three layers of temperature measuring sections along the axial direction, located at 1 / 4, 1 / 2 and 3 / 4 of the effective length of the cartridge, respectively. Arrange three temperature measuring points (center, middle and near the wall) along the radial direction on each section, for a total of 9 thermocouples. The calibration conditions are set by inserting the calibration cartridge 12 into the cartridge insertion slot 3 of the universal heating chamber 1 and gradually increasing the heating power under an inert atmosphere (N2), for example, setting the rated power to 30%, 60%, and 90% in sequence. Each power level is maintained for 10 to 30 minutes, and the temperature change curve of each measuring point over time is recorded. At the same time, the temperature image of the outer surface of the cartridge measured by the infrared imaging device 10 is also recorded. The parameter inversion and model fitting, control and data management system 11 inputs the above time-space temperature data into the thermal field calibration module, and inverts the effective thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity and thermal inertia parameters of the cartridge filling layer through a one-dimensional or two-dimensional equivalent heat transfer model, and establishes the correspondence between heating power, average bed temperature and outer surface infrared temperature. Digital twin model construction involves importing the parameters obtained from the inversion into the digital twin model module to establish a simplified dynamic model of the corresponding process cartridge, which is used to predict the temperature change of each measuring point over time under a given heating power and gas flow rate during the experiment. In actual experiments, the adaptive control logic compares the real-time measured bed temperature with the predicted value of the digital twin model. When the deviation exceeds the preset threshold (e.g., ±10℃), the adaptive control module adjusts the heating power and process gas flow rate to make the actual temperature-time trajectory track the target trajectory. If the radial temperature difference of a certain temperature measurement section exceeds 20℃, the heating distribution is adjusted first or a more disturbing process atmosphere is introduced to improve the uniformity of the thermal field.

[0029] Example 4: Based on the platforms of Examples 1 and 2, a pyrolysis experiment was conducted using waste tire pellets as an example: Process cartridge selection and installation: Select the spiral propulsion process cartridge as process cartridge module 2, install it in the cartridge insertion slot 3 of the general heating cavity 1, connect the feeding airlock mechanism 6 above, and connect the slag discharge and grading mechanism 7 below. Thermal field calibration: Following the method in Example 3, the thermal field of the helical propulsion cartridge is first calibrated to establish a corresponding digital twin model; The test conditions were set according to the calibration results, and the target temperature-time trajectory for the pyrolysis of waste tire particles was set. For example, the temperature was raised to 550℃ in 10 minutes under a nitrogen atmosphere and held for 30 minutes. The initial screw conveyor speed was set to 2 r / min, corresponding to an average residence time of 25 minutes. During operation, waste tire particles with a particle size of 5-10mm are continuously added through the feeding and air-locking mechanism 6, and nitrogen is introduced into the gas supply pipeline assembly 8. The flow rate is controlled at 1.0Nm³ / kg of material. The control and data management system 11 adjusts the heating power in real time according to the digital twin model, so that the bed temperature in the cartridge changes according to the predetermined trajectory. Product sampling and slag removal: Pyrolysis gas and condensate are collected at regular intervals by online sampling and condensation unit 9, and gas composition, oil yield and component distribution are analyzed offline. The slag removal and classification mechanism 7 divides the solid residue into two levels according to the temperature range: 400-500℃ and 500-550℃. The residues are sampled separately for BET, XRD, SEM and other tests. Data entry involves storing the operating parameters, yield, and product properties of this experiment into a multi-material heat treatment fingerprint database, forming a process fingerprint entry for waste tires in the process of "spiral propulsion cartridge + 550℃ pyrolysis".

[0030] Example 5: Taking block-shaped waste gas turbine blade segments as an example, a pusher-type process cartridge was used as process cartridge module 2 for pyrolysis-gasification synergistic experiment: Process cassette and calibration: Install the push-type process cassette and perform thermal field calibration according to the method in Example 3; The process is set up so that the upstream section (near the feed end) uses a nitrogen atmosphere with a target temperature of 450℃ for resin pyrolysis; the downstream section (near the slag discharge end) is introduced with steam and a small amount of air with a target temperature of 700℃ for semi-coke gasification and surface reforming. During operation, the pre-cut blade segments (50-100mm in length) are intermittently pushed into the cartridge via the feeding and air-locking mechanism 6. The pushing speed is controlled at 0.5-2mm / s. The control system adjusts the heating power and the air flow rate of the two sections according to the predetermined temperature-time trajectory to ensure that most of the resin pyrolysis is completed in the upstream section and partial gasification and surface modification of the semi-coke are achieved in the downstream section. Product and residue analysis: collect gas, condensate and solid residue, analyze gas flammability, organic matter distribution in pyrolysis oil, and mechanical properties and surface morphology of residual fibers; Fingerprint entries are established, and the results under different residence times and different steam / air ratios are stored in the fingerprint database to form multiple test fingerprints for waste blower blades, which are used to evaluate their potential for coupled utilization in boilers or gasifiers.

[0031] Working principle: First, a thermal field calibration stage is performed. The calibration cartridge 12 is inserted into the general heating chamber 1. The calibration cartridge 12 is filled with alumina balls or quartz sand with a particle size of 1 to 3 mm as a standard medium. At least three layers of temperature sensors are arranged axially and at least three rows radially inside the cartridge to form a three-dimensional temperature detection array. The control and data management system 11 controls the heating device 4 to raise the temperature in stages, for example, maintaining stability at 30%, 60%, and 90% of the rated power in sequence. Simultaneously, the internal three-dimensional temperature distribution and the external surface temperature image obtained by the infrared imaging device 10 are collected. Based on these data, the system calculates the effective thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, and heat transfer lag time under the current working conditions, constructs a thermal field calibration model between heating power, external surface temperature, and bed true temperature, and generates a corresponding digital twin model. After calibration, the test phase begins. Taking the waste tire pellet pyrolysis test as an example, the calibration cartridge 12 is removed, and the screw propulsion process cartridge is installed. The target temperature and time trajectory is set according to the calibration results. For example, the temperature is raised to 550 degrees Celsius in 10 minutes under a nitrogen atmosphere and held for 30 minutes. Waste tire pellets with a particle size of 5 to 10 mm are continuously added by the feeding and air-locking mechanism 6. The screw shaft speed is set to 2 revolutions per minute (corresponding to an average residence time of 25 minutes). The nitrogen flow rate is controlled at 1.0 standard cubic meters per kilogram of material. During operation, the control and data management system 11 compares the real-time temperature data with the predicted value of the digital twin model. When the deviation exceeds the preset threshold, the heating power is adaptively adjusted to ensure that the actual bed temperature accurately follows the set trajectory. The product is collected and analyzed by the online sampling and condensation unit 9. The solid residue is discharged and sampled by the slag discharge and grading mechanism 7 according to the grades of 400 to 500 degrees Celsius and 500 to 550 degrees Celsius. Taking the synergistic test of pyrolysis and gasification of waste blower blade segments as an example, a pusher-type process cassette is installed, and blade segments with a length of 50 to 100 mm are pushed into the cassette. The pushing speed is controlled at 0.5 to 2 mm per second. The process is set to be segmented control: nitrogen is introduced into the upstream section and the temperature is controlled at 450 degrees Celsius for resin pyrolysis; steam and a small amount of air are introduced into the downstream section and the temperature is controlled at 700 degrees Celsius for semi-coke gasification and surface reforming. The control and data management system 11 accurately controls the heating power distribution and atmosphere flow rate of the two sections according to the calibration parameters to ensure that the material completes the predetermined thermochemical reaction in different sections. The operating parameters, product distribution data (such as gas composition and oil yield), energy utilization efficiency, and slag discharge characteristics (such as coking tendency) of the entire experimental process are stored in the multi-material heat treatment fingerprint database. This fingerprint database is used to establish the mapping relationship between pilot-scale data and industrial equipment. By searching the fingerprint database, the control and data management system 11 can reverse-engineer the recommended co-firing ratio, optimal equivalent ratio, and safe temperature range when specific solid waste is coupled and utilized in large power plant boilers or gasifiers, thereby realizing data support from pilot-scale research to engineering applications.

Claims

1. A multi-material carbon-based solid waste thermal treatment test platform with a process cassette, characterized in that, include: A universal heating chamber (1) is provided with a heating device (4) and a universal heat exchange interface (5) on its side wall, and a cartridge insertion groove (3) is formed inside it. The calibration cartridge (12) and the process cartridge module (2) are both adapted to the size of the cartridge insertion slot (3) and can be selectively and airtightly inserted into the general heating cavity (1); wherein, the calibration cartridge (12) is provided with a three-dimensional temperature detection array, and the process cartridge module (2) is provided with a reaction channel adapted to the form of solid waste. The feeding airlock mechanism (6) and the slag discharge and grading mechanism (7) are respectively arranged at the upstream and downstream ports of the cartridge insertion slot (3); The gas supply pipeline assembly (8) is connected to the gas phase inlet of the process cartridge module (2); The online sampling and condensation unit (9) is connected to the gas phase outlet of the process cartridge module (2); The control and data management system (11) is connected to the heating device (4), calibration cartridge (12) and process cartridge module (2) in communication. The control and data management system (11) is configured to: construct a thermal field calibration model based on the three-dimensional temperature distribution fed back by the calibration cartridge (12) in calibration mode; and adaptively correct the heating power in the process cartridge module (2) based on the thermal field calibration model in test mode.

2. The multi-material carbon-based solid waste heat treatment test platform with process cassette according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process cassette module (2) includes a push-type cassette for blocky or strip-shaped solid waste, a spiral propulsion cassette for granular solid waste, and a vibration sliding cassette for powder solid waste. Each type of process cartridge module (2) has an RFID tag on its shell. The control and data management system (11) automatically retrieves the corresponding calibration parameters by recognizing the RFID tag.

3. The multi-material carbon-based solid waste thermal treatment test platform with process cartridge as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The calibration cartridge (12) is filled with a standard medium. The three-dimensional temperature detection array includes at least three layers of temperature measuring points arranged along the axial direction of the calibration cartridge (12) and at least three columns of temperature measuring points arranged radially. The control and data management system (11) inverts the effective thermal conductivity and heat transfer hysteresis time based on the data from the three-dimensional temperature detection array.

4. The multi-material carbon-based solid waste heat treatment test platform with process cassette according to claim 1, characterized in that, The side wall of the universal heating cavity (1) is provided with an infrared observation window and an infrared imaging device (10). The infrared imaging device is used to collect the temperature field distribution of the outer surface of the calibration cartridge (12). The control and data management system (11) associates the bed temperature measured inside the calibration cartridge (12) with the outer surface temperature measured by the infrared imaging device to establish a mapping relationship between heating power, bed temperature and outer surface temperature.

5. The multi-material carbon-based solid waste thermal treatment test platform with process cassette according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control and data management system (11) has a built-in digital twin model, which is established based on the parameters measured by the calibration cartridge (12); In the test mode, the control and data management system (11) compares the real-time collected temperature data with the predicted value of the digital twin model. When the deviation exceeds the preset threshold, it automatically adjusts the power output of the heating device (4) and the flow rate of the gas supply pipeline assembly (8).

6. The multi-material carbon-based solid waste heat treatment test platform with process cassette according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gas supply pipeline assembly (8) includes supply pipelines for inert gas, steam, carbon dioxide and oxygen-containing gas; The control and data management system (11) is configured to switch between pyrolysis mode, gasification mode or self-heating mode within the same process cartridge module (2) by controlling the switching valve of the gas supply pipeline assembly (8).

7. The multi-material carbon-based solid waste heat treatment test platform with process cassette according to claim 1, characterized in that, The slag discharge grading mechanism (7) includes at least two slag discharge channels with independently adjustable openings; The control and data management system (11) identifies abnormal operating conditions such as coking, slagging, or channel blockage in the process cartridge module (2) by monitoring the slag discharge temperature and slag discharge quality change curves at the slag discharge grading mechanism (7).

8. A test method for the thermal treatment of multi-material carbon-based solid waste with a process cassette, applicable to the test platform for the thermal treatment of multi-material carbon-based solid waste with a process cassette as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Install the calibration cartridge (12) into the cartridge insertion slot (3) of the universal heating cavity (1), collect three-dimensional temperature distribution and infrared images of the outer surface under preset working conditions, and establish a thermal field calibration model; S2: Remove the calibration cartridge (12), install the process cartridge module (2) that matches the form of the target solid waste, and use the thermal field calibration model to correct the heating power and time curve of the target test; S3: Solid waste is added through the feeding airlock mechanism (6), process gas is introduced through the gas supply pipeline assembly (8), and the control and data management system (11) performs closed-loop control based on the corrected curve; S4: The product is collected using the online sampling and condensation unit (9), and the solid residue is discharged through the slag discharge and classification mechanism (7).

9. The experimental method for heat treatment of multi-material carbon-based solid waste with process cassette according to claim 8, characterized in that, It also includes S5: storing the product distribution data, operating parameters and slag discharge characteristics obtained from different forms of solid waste under a unified thermal field calibration model into a database to construct a multi-material heat treatment response fingerprint library.

10. The experimental method for heat treatment of multi-material carbon-based solid waste with process cartridge according to claim 9, characterized in that, The multi-material heat treatment response fingerprint library is used for engineering scale-up prediction. The control and data management system (11) matches the key parameters in the fingerprint library with the operating conditions of the industrial plant and outputs the recommended co-firing ratio, equivalent ratio and temperature range of the target solid waste for coupling utilization in the industrial plant.

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