Ultrasonic swing head structure for a car milling machine

Abstract

The application discloses a swing head structure with ultrasonic for turning, milling and grinding, and relates to the technical field of numerical control machine tools.The ultrasonic coil is integrated in the end face of the electric spindle, and the structure volume is reduced.The technical scheme is as follows: the swing head structure comprises a swing head shell, a C-axis rotating mechanism for driving the swing head shell to rotate around the C-axis, an electric spindle arranged at the lower end of the swing head shell, and an A-axis rotating mechanism for driving the electric spindle to rotate around the A-axis.The end face of the electric spindle is integrated with the ultrasonic coil.The ultrasonic coil is of a built-in structure, is powered through the built-in circuit, and is used for driving the ultrasonic cutter to perform ultrasonic vibration machining.The front end of the electric spindle is provided with any one of the ultrasonic cutter, a turning tool, a milling cutter or a grinding tool according to machining requirements.The swing head shell is provided with a multi-channel rotary joint for transmitting multiple media to the outer wall of the electric spindle during the rotation of the electric spindle around the A-axis.The swing head shell is also provided with a hydraulic disc brake structure for braking and locking of the A-axis rotating mechanism and the C-axis rotating mechanism.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of CNC machine tool technology, specifically to a milling and turning head structure with ultrasonic capabilities. Background Technology

[0002] The machine tool swivel head is a core functional component of high-end CNC machine tools. As a key execution unit between the electric spindle and the worktable, its core function is to drive the electric spindle and the cutting tool to perform high-precision swivel and positioning around a specific coordinate axis to achieve integrated machining of complex curved surfaces and spatial angular features. The cutting tool is a corresponding tool that can perform turning, milling, and grinding.

[0003] Currently, most existing ultrasonic machining systems use external ultrasonic devices, which are placed outside the electric spindle. This results in a large overall structure that occupies a large machining space, limiting the application of the oscillating head in workpiece machining.

[0004] Therefore, the applicant has developed a new technical solution in the actual production process to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical shortcomings, the purpose of this invention is to provide an ultrasonic milling and turning head structure that integrates the ultrasonic coil inside the end face of the electric spindle, thereby reducing the structural volume.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: The present invention provides a milling and turning head structure with ultrasonic capabilities, including a head housing, a C-axis rotation mechanism for driving the head housing to rotate around the C-axis, an electric spindle disposed at the lower end of the head housing, and an A-axis rotation mechanism for driving the electric spindle to rotate around the A-axis. The end face of the electric spindle is integrated with an ultrasonic coil, which is a built-in structure and is powered by an internal circuit to drive the ultrasonic tool to perform ultrasonic vibration machining. It also includes a multi-channel rotary joint installed inside the oscillating head housing, used to transmit multiple media to the outer wall of the electric spindle during the rotation of the electric spindle around the A-axis; It also includes a hydraulic disc brake structure for braking and locking the A-axis rotation mechanism and the C-axis rotation mechanism.

[0007] By adopting the above technical solutions, the ultrasonic coil is internally installed on the end face of the electric spindle, changing the traditional design of the ultrasonic device being externally attached to the electric spindle. This shortens the overall length of the oscillating head, reduces the lever arm during machining, saves machining space, and allows the oscillating head to enter smaller workpieces or gaps for machining. A self-developed multi-channel rotary joint is used to transmit multiple media such as coolant or airflow during the A-axis oscillation, solving the problems of entanglement, twisting, wear, and leakage that easily occur in traditional pipelines when the A-axis oscillates at large angles, ensuring the cooling required by the electric spindle during operation. A hydraulic disc brake structure is used to brake and lock the A-axis and C-axis. The hydraulic disc brake structure itself has the advantages of large braking torque and fast response. Its application in this oscillating head ensures that the A and C axes can be reliably locked during heavy turning or milling, providing sufficient vibration resistance and positioning stability.

[0008] Preferably, the C-axis is fixedly connected to the upper end of the swing head housing, and the C-axis has a cavity communicating with the internal space of the swing head housing. The C-axis rotation mechanism includes a positioning cylinder sleeved on the outer wall of the C-axis and a torque motor disposed in the positioning cylinder. The torque motor controls the rotation of the C-axis, and a hydraulic disc brake structure for controlling the braking of the C-axis is disposed on the positioning cylinder.

[0009] Preferably, the oscillating head housing is a U-shape with the opening facing downwards, and the oscillating head housing is rotatably connected to the vertical inner wall of each other via an A-axis. The electric spindle is installed inside the mounting housing and extends out of the mounting housing at its lower end to connect with each tool. The inner wall of the oscillating head housing is provided with a torque motor II for driving the A-axis to rotate. The inner walls of the oscillating head housing are each provided with mounting cylinders for mounting torque motor II, and the hydraulic disc brake structure for controlling the A-axis brake is set on the stator of torque motor II. The multi-channel rotary joint is installed in one of the A-axis, and the other A-axis has an outlet hole for the cable connected to the electric spindle and ultrasonic coil to pass through. The outlet hole is connected to the internal space of the swing head housing.

[0010] Preferably, the upper end of the mounting housing is provided with a protective cover covering the upper end of the electric spindle. The front end of the electric spindle is provided with an annular groove for installing the ultrasonic coil. The bottom of the annular groove and the wall of the electric spindle are provided with wire holes for the ultrasonic coil cable to pass through the annular groove and exit the upper end of the electric spindle. After the ultrasonic coil cable passes through the wire holes, it enters the protective cover. The upper end face of the mounting housing is provided with a wire hole for the ultrasonic coil cable to pass through the protective cover and exit through the exit hole. After the ultrasonic coil cable passes through the exit hole, it enters the cavity one along the internal space of the swing head housing. There are two wire holes, one for the ultrasonic coil cable to pass through, and the other for the power supply spindle cable to pass through from inside the protective cover into the exit hole.

[0011] Preferably, the hydraulic disc brake structure controlling the C-axis brake is the same as the hydraulic disc brake structure controlling the A-axis brake; The hydraulic disc brake structure includes a hydraulic cylinder, brake pad 1, brake pad 2 and brake pad 3 fixed to the end face of the A-axis or C-axis and stacked in sequence, and brake pad 4 fixed to the cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder. The brake pad 4 enters between brake pad 1 and brake pad 3 and has a gap with brake pad 2. The piston of the hydraulic cylinder is directly opposite the overlapping position of brake pad 1, brake pad 4 and brake pad 3. A pressure ring is detachably connected to the cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder. An annular plate extending to one side of the brake pad is provided on the inner ring wall of the pressure ring. The annular plate is distributed opposite to the piston of the hydraulic cylinder.

[0012] Preferably, the mounting housing has a mounting hole for mounting the power supply spindle, the outer wall of the power spindle has several annular flow channels, and the outer wall of the power spindle has several notches connecting adjacent annular flow channels. On one side of the two annular flow channels on the outermost two sides of the power spindle, a sealing ring is fitted to abut against the wall of the mounting hole. The multi-channel rotary joint includes a rotating column passing through the A-axis. The rotating column has several rotating grooves. One end of the rotating column is fixed to the mounting housing. A sleeve is fitted on the outer wall of the rotating column. Multiple sets of independent channels are opened in both the sleeve and the rotating column. Each set of channels corresponds to a different rotating groove. The channels on the rotating column extend into the mounting hole, and the channels on the sleeve extend out of the bottom of the sleeve and are connected to the water pipe.

[0013] Preferably, each of the water pipes passes through the pressure ring on the A-axis and extends from the swing head housing to the cavity on the C-axis, with space between the inner wall of the swing head housing and the pressure ring for the water supply pipes or cables to be distributed upwards.

[0014] Preferably, two of the channels communicating with the mounting hole are respectively connected to the uppermost annular flow channel and the lowermost annular flow channel.

[0015] Preferably, the front end of the electric spindle is equipped with any one of ultrasonic cutting tools, turning tools, milling cutters or grinding tools according to the processing requirements, so as to realize ultrasonic processing, turning, milling or grinding processing; When installing the turning tool, the front end of the electric spindle is provided with a tool holder positioning pin for positioning the tool holder during turning. The cutting tool is mounted on the front end of the electric spindle via a tool holder structure, which works in conjunction with a tool holder positioning pin to achieve the installation of the cutting tool.

[0016] Preferably, the cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder controlling the A-axis brake is fixedly mounted on the stator of the torque motor II; the cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder controlling the C-axis brake is fixedly mounted on the upper end face of the positioning cylinder.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. By internally mounting the ultrasonic coil on the end face of the electric spindle, the traditional design of the ultrasonic device being externally mounted on the electric spindle is changed, which shortens the overall length of the swing head, reduces the lever arm during processing, saves processing space, and allows the swing head to enter smaller workpieces or gaps for processing. 2. A self-developed multi-channel rotary joint is used to transmit multiple media such as coolant or airflow during A-axis oscillation. This solves the problems of entanglement, twisting, wear, and leakage that easily occur in traditional pipelines when the A-axis oscillates at large angles, ensuring the cooling required by the electric spindle during operation. At this time, the combination of built-in ultrasonic and multi-channel rotary joint solves the pipeline twisting problem during A-axis oscillation, making the built-in ultrasonic reliable in dynamic machining. This is not just a simple installation of a rotary joint, but a special design for interference-free transmission of "ultrasonic coil cable + electric spindle cooling" in the narrow space of the A-axis. 3. A hydraulic disc brake structure is used to brake and lock the A-axis and C-axis. The hydraulic disc brake structure itself has the advantages of large braking torque and fast response. By applying it in this oscillating head, it is ensured that the AC axis can be reliably locked during heavy turning or milling, providing sufficient vibration resistance and positioning stability. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this embodiment; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of the cutting tool in this embodiment; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of the ultrasonic cutter in this embodiment; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of the ultrasonic cutting tool in this embodiment; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of the swing head housing in this embodiment; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of the oscillating head housing after it has been cut apart, but the torque motors one and two have not been cut apart. Figure 7 for Figure 6 Enlarged structural diagram of section A in the middle; Figure 8 for Figure 7 Enlarged structural diagram of section C; Figure 9 for Figure 6 Enlarged structural diagram of section B in the middle; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of the through hole in this embodiment; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of the rotating column in this embodiment; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the internal structure of the swing head housing in this embodiment; Figure 13 for Figure 12 Enlarged structural diagram of section D in the middle; Figure 14 for Figure 12 Enlarged structural diagram of section E; Figure 15 for Figure 11 A magnified structural diagram of section F in the middle.

[0020] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: In the diagram: 1. Swing head housing; 11. Electric spindle; 111. Ultrasonic coil; 112. Annular groove one; 113. Wire hole; 114. Annular block; 12. Mounting housing; 121. Wire hole; 122. Mounting hole; 13. Torque motor two; 14. Mounting cylinder; 15. Protective cover; 16. Cylinder; 161. Brake pad four; 162. Moving chamber; 163. Piston; 164. Annular wall; 165. Pressure ring; 1651. Annular plate; 17. Annular flow channel; 171. Notch; 172. Sealing ring; 18. Rotating column; 181. Rotating groove; 18 2. Sleeve; 183. Annular sealing gasket; 184. Channel; 2. C-axis; 21. Cavity 1; 22. Positioning cylinder; 221. Torque motor 1; 222. Mounting ring; 223. Connecting screw; 23. Fixing ring 2; 24. Brake pad 1; 25. Brake pad 2; 26. Brake pad 3; 27. Oil circuit interface 1; 3. A-axis; 31. Connecting plate; 32. Through hole; 4. Ultrasonic cutter; 41. Fixing plate; 42. Annular groove 2; 5. Lathe tool; 51. Tool holder positioning pin; 52. Fixing ring 1; 53. Positioning groove; 54. Positioning block; 6. Taper shank. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example 1

[0022] A milling and turning head structure with ultrasonic technology, such as... Figure 1-6 It includes a swing head housing 1, a C-axis rotation mechanism that drives the swing head housing 1 to rotate around a C-axis 2, an electric spindle 11 disposed at the lower end of the swing head housing 1, and an A-axis rotation mechanism that drives the electric spindle 11 to rotate around an A-axis 3. An ultrasonic coil 111 is integrated on the end face of the electric spindle 11. The ultrasonic coil 111 is a built-in structure and is powered by built-in circuitry to drive the ultrasonic tool 4 to perform ultrasonic vibration machining. It also includes a multi-channel rotary joint disposed in the oscillating head housing 1, used to transmit multiple media to the outer wall of the electric spindle 11 during the rotation of the electric spindle 11 around the A-axis 3; It also includes a hydraulic disc brake structure for braking and locking the A-axis rotation mechanism and the C-axis rotation mechanism.

[0023] like Figure 1-6 By embedding the ultrasonic coil 111 within the end face of the electric spindle 11, the traditional design of externally mounted ultrasonic devices on the electric spindle 11 is changed, shortening the overall length of the oscillating head, reducing the lever arm during machining, saving machining space, and enabling the oscillating head to enter smaller workpieces or gaps for machining. A self-developed multi-channel rotary joint is used to transmit multiple media such as coolant or airflow when the A-axis 3 swings, solving the problems of entanglement, twisting, wear, and leakage that easily occur in traditional pipelines when the A-axis 3 swings at a large angle, ensuring the cooling required by the electric spindle 11 during operation. A hydraulic disc brake structure is used to brake and lock the A-axis 3 and C-axis 2. The hydraulic disc brake structure itself has the advantages of large braking torque and fast response. By applying it in this oscillating head, it is ensured that the A-axis 2 can be reliably locked during heavy turning or milling, providing sufficient vibration resistance and positioning stability.

[0024] like Figure 1-6 The front end of the electric spindle 11 can be equipped with any one of the following tools according to the machining requirements: ultrasonic tool 4, turning tool 5, milling cutter or grinding tool, to realize ultrasonic machining, turning, milling or grinding. Each tool holder of the ultrasonic tool 4, turning tool 5, milling cutter or grinding tool is provided with a tapered shank 6 that is inserted into the tapered hole in the end face of the electric spindle 11. Then the electric spindle 11 can automatically fix the inserted tool holder. This automatic fixing process is usually called "automatic tool pulling". It is the core existing technology of the electric spindle 11 (ATC electric spindle 11) that supports automatic tool changing function, and will not be described in detail here.

[0025] like Figure 1-6 and Figure 10The specific connection structure between the ultrasonic coil 111 and the electric spindle 11 is as follows: An annular groove 112 for mounting the ultrasonic coil 111 is provided at the front end of the electric spindle 11. A cable passage hole 113 is provided on the bottom of the annular groove 112 and on the wall of the electric spindle 11 for the ultrasonic coil 111 cable to pass through the annular groove 112 and exit from the upper end of the electric spindle 11, thus achieving the purpose of internal cable mounting for the ultrasonic coil 111. The ultrasonic cutter 4 is as follows... Figure 4 As shown, the handle of the ultrasonic cutter 4 is coaxially fixed with a fixed plate 41 at the lower end of the tapered handle 6. After the ultrasonic cutter 4 is installed on the electric spindle 11, the fixed plate 41 is in contact with the end face of the electric spindle 11, and an annular groove 42 is opened on the surface of the fixed plate 41 for inserting the induction coil corresponding to the ultrasonic coil 111 for signal transmission.

[0026] like Figure 1-6 When installing the cutting tool 5 onto the electric spindle 11, a tool holder positioning pin 51 is provided at the front end of the electric spindle 11 for tool holder positioning during turning. Specifically, the tool holder positioning pin 51 is detachably installed at the front end of the electric spindle 11 by screws. The front end of the electric spindle 11 is the end facing the workpiece. One end of the tool holder positioning pin 51 extends to the outer wall of the electric spindle 11 and extends along the length of the outer wall of the electric spindle 11 until it contacts the protruding annular block 114 on the outer wall of the electric spindle 11. Then, the tool holder positioning pin 51 and the annular block 114 are detachably connected by screws. like Figure 1-6 The turning tool 5 is mounted on the front end of the electric spindle 11 via a tool holder structure. The tool holder structure includes a tapered shank 6 at the upper end of the tool holder, and also includes a fixing ring 52 fixedly sleeved on the tool holder of the turning tool 5. The tool holder positioning pin 51 has a positioning groove 53 at one end facing away from the electric spindle 11. The outer wall of the fixing ring 52 has a positioning block 54 with one end inserted into the positioning groove 53. This tool holder structure works in conjunction with the tool holder positioning pin 51 to achieve the installation of the turning tool 5. At this time, the cooperation between the positioning block 54 and the positioning groove 53 is used for positioning the tool holder of the turning tool 5. During turning, the positioning block 54 is made of a high-rigidity material, such as alloy carburized steel: 20CrMnTi. The high-rigidity positioning block 54 ensures high-torque turning. The turning method is different from the structure of the spindle 3A2C with a locking chuck and disc brake. This turning method ensures that the length of the spindle 3A2C is minimized, and the length of the oscillating head is also shortened significantly, shortening the machining lever arm of the oscillating head and maximizing the machining rigidity of the oscillating head.

[0027] The structure of the lathe tool 5 is as follows Figure 2 As shown, the milling cutter or grinding cutter is the same as the turning tool 5. The fixing ring 52 and the positioning block 54 can be removed. At this time, the tool holder positioning pin 51 does not need to be removed because there is a gap between the outer wall of the tool holder and the tool holder positioning pin 51 after the milling cutter or grinding cutter is installed on the electric spindle 11. The tool holder positioning pin 51 will not affect the operation of the milling cutter or grinding cutter. However, when installing the ultrasonic tool 4, the tool holder positioning pin 51 needs to be removed.

[0028] The dilemma of conventional approaches: If traditional machine tool swivel heads are to achieve turning (requiring high torque and high rigidity) and ultrasonic operations (requiring high-frequency vibration and circuit layout), it often results in an increased spindle length (to accommodate external ultrasonic equipment) or insufficient rigidity. The breakthrough of this invention: By combining the "built-in ultrasonic coil 111" with the "tool holder positioning pin 51", the goals of "shortest spindle length 3A2C" and "high-torque turning" are achieved simultaneously. In mechanical design, shortening the spindle length 3A2C usually means sacrificing some additional functions; however, this invention integrates complex ultrasonic and turning positioning structures while shortening the length, solving the problem of the contradictory unity between "structural compactness and high rigidity". Example 2

[0029] Based on Example 1, such as Figure 6-11 The C-axis 2 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the oscillating head housing 1, and a cavity 21 communicating with the internal space of the oscillating head housing 1 is opened on the C-axis 2. The cavity 21 is distributed along the length direction of the C-axis 2 and passes through both sides of the length direction of the C-axis 2. The C-axis rotation mechanism includes a positioning cylinder 22 sleeved on the outer wall of the C-axis 2 and a torque motor 221 set in the positioning cylinder 22. The lower outer wall of the positioning cylinder 22 is provided with an annular mounting ring 222. The mounting ring 222 is provided with several upwardly distributed connecting screws 223 in the circumferential direction. At this time, the positioning cylinder 22 is installed into the machine tool. The machine tool is provided with a connecting ring corresponding to the mounting ring 222. Each connecting screw 223 passes through the upper end of the connecting ring and is threaded with a locking nut. Each locking nut connects the mounting ring 222 and the connecting ring together, thereby fixing the positioning cylinder 22 on the machine tool. like Figure 6-11 At this time, the rotor of torque motor 221 is sleeved on the outer wall of C-shaft 2, and the outer wall of C-shaft 2 is coaxially fixed with a fixing ring 23. The fixing ring 23 is fixed on the rotor of torque motor 221 by screws, thereby fixing C-shaft 2 to the rotor of torque motor 221, so that the rotor of torque motor 221 can control the rotation of C-shaft 2. The hydraulic disc brake structure that controls the braking of C-shaft 2 is set on the positioning cylinder 22.

[0030] like Figure 6-11 The oscillating head housing 1 is a U-shaped structure with its opening facing downwards. The oscillating head housing 1 is rotatably connected to the mounting housing 12 via A-axis 3 between its vertical inner walls. There are two A-axis 3s, which are fixed to the opposite side walls of the mounting housing 12. The two A-axis 3s are rotatably connected to the opposite vertical inner walls of the oscillating head housing 1. The electric spindle 11 is installed inside the mounting housing 12 and its lower end extends out of the mounting housing 12 to connect with each tool. The protruding annular block 114 on the outer wall of the electric spindle 11 is also located outside the mounting housing 12.

[0031] like Figure 6-11The inner wall of the oscillating head housing 1 is provided with a torque motor 13 that drives the A-axis 3 to rotate. Specifically, the inner walls of the oscillating head housing 1, which are relatively vertically distributed, are provided with mounting cylinders 14 for mounting the torque motor 13. The hydraulic disc brake structure that controls the braking of the A-axis 3 is set on the stator of the torque motor 13. The rotor of the torque motor 13 is fixed to the A-axis 3 and the rotor of the torque motor 13 through a connecting plate 31 sleeved on the A-axis 3, so that the torque motor 13 can control the rotation of the A-axis 3.

[0032] like Figure 6-11 The multi-channel rotary joint is installed in one of the A-axis 3, and the other A-axis 3 has a through hole 32 for the cable connected to the electric spindle 11 and the ultrasonic coil 111 to pass through. The through hole 32 is connected to the internal space of the swing head housing 1.

[0033] like Figure 5 and 6 -11, The upper end of the mounting housing 12 is provided with a protective cover 15 covering the upper end of the electric spindle 11. The height of the protective cover 15 is suitable for the swing head housing 1, so that the protective cover 15 can swing back and forth between the swing head housing 1 and the mounting housing 12. The ultrasonic coil 111 cable passes through the wire hole 113 and enters the protective cover 15. The upper end face of the mounting housing 12 is provided with a wire hole 121 for the ultrasonic coil 111 cable to pass through the protective cover 15 to the exit hole 32. The wire hole 121 extends from the upper end face of the mounting housing 12 to a position coaxial with the exit hole 32 3A2C. After the ultrasonic coil 111 cable passes through the exit hole 32, it enters the cavity 21 along the internal space of the swing head housing 1. like Figure 5 and 6 -11, there are two wire holes 121, one for the ultrasonic coil 111 cable to pass through, and the other for the power spindle 11 cable to pass through from inside the protective cover 15 into the exit hole 32. At this time, the two wire holes 121 and the exit hole 32 are coaxially aligned 3A2C, which facilitates the passage of the ultrasonic coil 111 cable and the power spindle 11 cable through the exit hole 32. The upper end of the positioning cylinder 22 is provided with a terminal block for easy connection with the ultrasonic coil 111 cable and the power spindle 11 cable. Example 3

[0034] like Figure 6-11 Based on Example 2, the hydraulic disc brake structure controlling the brake of C-axis 2 is the same as the hydraulic disc brake structure controlling the brake of A-axis 3. like Figure 6-11The hydraulic disc brake structure includes a hydraulic cylinder, brake pads 24, 25, and 26 stacked sequentially on the end face of either A-axis 3 or C-axis 2, and brake pad 161 fixed to the cylinder body 16 of the hydraulic cylinder. Brake pad 161 is detachably connected to the upper end face of the cylinder body 16 by screws. The screws do not press brake pad 161 tightly onto the upper end face of the cylinder body 16; they only limit the position of brake pad 161, allowing it to enter between brake pads 24 and 26, and maintaining a gap with brake pad 25. The piston 163 of the hydraulic cylinder... The overlapping positions of brake pad 1 24, brake pad 4 161, and brake pad 3 26; brake pad 1 24, brake pad 25, and brake pad 3 26 are detachably connected to the end face of A-axis 3 or C-axis 2 by screws for easy replacement. At this time, the screw passes through brake pad 25 and brake pad 1 24 from brake pad 3 26 and then enters the end face of A-axis 3 or C-axis 2. At this time, the nut on the screw does not press brake pad 1 24, brake pad 25, and brake pad 3 26 tightly, but only limits the position of brake pad 1 24, brake pad 25, and brake pad 3 26, so as to facilitate the rotation of A-axis 3 or C-axis 2 and facilitate subsequent braking.

[0035] like Figure 6-11 The cylinder body 16 of the hydraulic cylinder is a ring-shaped cylinder body 16 that is sleeved outside the A-axis 3 or C-axis 2. A movable cavity 162 is provided on the inner ring wall of the cylinder body 16. A piston 163 is movably connected to the cylinder body 16 through the movable cavity 162. One side of the piston 163 abuts against the side wall of the movable cavity 162, and the other side extends out of the movable cavity 162 and is provided with an annular wall 164 that is sleeved outside the A-axis 3 or C-axis 2. The annular wall 164 and the piston 163 can be integrally formed. There is a gap between the annular wall 164 and the outer wall of the A-axis 3 and C-axis 2 to facilitate the movement of the piston 163. The annular wall 164 is slidably connected to the side wall of the cylinder body 16, and several sealing gaskets are provided between the two and between the side wall of the piston 163 and the cavity wall of the movable cavity 162.

[0036] like Figure 6-11 The cylinder body 16 of the hydraulic cylinder controlling the brake of axis A3 is fixedly mounted on the stator of torque motor 213 by screws, and the cylinder body 16 of the hydraulic cylinder controlling the brake of axis C2 is fixedly mounted on the upper end face of positioning cylinder 22 and / or the upper end face of the stator of torque motor 121 by screws.

[0037] like Figure 6-11A pressure ring 165 is detachably connected to the cylinder body 16 of the hydraulic cylinder. An annular plate 1651 extending to one side of the brake pad 26 is provided on the inner ring wall of the pressure ring 165. The annular plate 1651 and the pressure ring 165 are integrally formed. The annular plate 1651 and the annular wall 164 on the piston 163 of the hydraulic cylinder are distributed opposite each other. At this time, the annular plate 1651 blocks the position of the brake pad 26, facilitating braking. A cylinder is coaxially provided on the upper end face of the pressure ring 165 on the C-axis 2, and a water pipe connector is also provided on the cylinder. The wiring terminal is also located on the upper end face of the cylinder. The pressure ring 165 on the C-axis 2 has a hole for the cable to pass through the pressure ring 165 and enter the cylinder.

[0038] like Figure 6-11 At this time, by inputting hydraulic oil into the piston 163 in the movable chamber 162 on both sides, the position of the piston 163 in the movable chamber 162 is controlled, and the position of the annular wall 164 is changed. After the annular wall 164 is aligned with the overlapping position of brake pad 1 24, brake pad 4 161, and brake pad 3 26, it abuts against the overlapping position of brake pad 1 24, brake pad 4 161, and brake pad 3 26, compressing each brake pad. This causes brake pad 1 24, brake pad 4 161, and brake pad 3 26 to be pressed against the annular plate 1651, making them locked. This drives the rotating A-axis 3 or C-axis 2 to lock, thereby achieving the braking state. The locking torque of the two A-axis 3 is 2500Nm±500Nm, and the locking torque of the C-axis 2 is 4500Nm±500Nm.

[0039] like Figure 13 The dotted lines in the diagram represent the hydraulic oil paths for the piston 163 on the upper and lower sides of the C-axis 2. Two hydraulic inlets 27 are located on the upper end of the pressure ring 165 of the C-axis 2. One of these inlets 27 supplies oil to the upper movable cavity 162 of the piston 163. Both the pressure ring 165 and the cylinder 16 have connecting holes 1 that communicate with this hydraulic inlet 27, guiding the oil from the inlet 27 into the upper movable cavity 162 of the piston 163. The other hydraulic inlet 27 supplies oil to the lower movable cavity 162 of the piston 163. Both the pressure ring 165 and the cylinder 16 have connecting holes 2 that communicate with this hydraulic inlet 27, guiding the oil from the inlet 27 into the upper movable cavity 162 of the piston 163.

[0040] like Figure 14The dotted lines in the diagram represent the hydraulic oil paths for the piston 163 on axis A3, which is horizontally positioned on opposite sides. The upper end face of the pressure ring 165 on axis C2 has four hydraulic inlets (II) connected to oil pipes. These four oil pipes are grouped in pairs. One oil pipe in each group supplies hydraulic oil to the movable cavity 162 on the horizontal side of the piston 163. Both the pressure ring 165 and the cylinder 16 have connecting holes (III) that connect to this oil pipe, guiding the oil from the oil pipe into the movable cavity 162 on one side of the piston 163. The other oil pipe in each group supplies hydraulic oil to the movable cavity 162 on the other side of the piston 163. Both the pressure ring 165 and the cylinder 16 have connecting holes (IV) that connect to this oil pipe, guiding the oil from the oil pipe into the movable cavity 162 on the other side of the piston 163. Example 4

[0041] like Figure 6-11 Based on Embodiment 3, the mounting housing 12 has a mounting hole 122 for mounting the power supply spindle 11. The outer wall of the power spindle 11 has several annular flow channels 17, which are vertically arranged along the outer wall of the power spindle 11. The outer wall of the power spindle 11 also has several notches 171 that connect adjacent annular flow channels 17. On one side of the two annular flow channels 17 at the outermost edges of the power spindle 11, a sealing ring 172 is fitted to abut against the wall of the mounting hole 122. The sealing ring 172 is installed on the power spindle 11. At this time, each annular flow channel 17 is located between two sealing rings 172. The two sealing rings 172 seal the space between the outer wall of the power spindle 11 and the inner wall of the mounting hole 122 to form a sealed space. like Figure 6-15The multi-channel rotary joint is used to deliver coolant into a sealed space. Specifically, the multi-channel rotary joint includes a rotating column 18 inserted into the A-axis 3. The A-axis 3 has holes for inserting the rotating column 18, which extend horizontally through both ends of the A-axis 3. Several rotating grooves 181 are formed on the outer wall of the rotating column 18, arranged in an array along the length of the rotating column 18. The rotating column 18 is horizontally distributed, and one end of the rotating column 18 is fixed to the mounting housing 12, allowing it to rotate with the mounting housing 12. A sleeve 182 is fitted onto the outer wall of the rotating column 18. Annular sealing gaskets 183 are located on both sides of each rotating groove 181 between the sleeve 182 and the rotating column 18. Multiple sets of independent channels 184 are formed inside both the sleeve 182 and the rotating column 18, for example, six sets. That is, there are six channels 184 on the sleeve 182 and six channels 184 inside the rotating column 18. The rotating grooves 181... There are also six, and the number of rotating slots 181 corresponds one-to-one with the number of channels 184. One end of each of the six channels 184 on the rotating column 18 is connected to each rotating slot 181, while each channel 184 on the sleeve 182 supplies coolant to each rotating slot 181, realizing independent liquid supply for each group of channels 184. Each group of channels 184 corresponds to a different rotating slot 181. The channels 184 on the rotating column 18 extend into the mounting hole 122, and the channels 184 on the sleeve 182 extend out of the bottom of the sleeve 182 and are connected to the water pipe. At this time, the pressure ring 165 on the A-axis 3 has a hole for the sleeve 182 and the rotating column 18 to enter the inner hole of the A-axis 3, and the water supply pipe of this hole is connected to the channel 184 on the sleeve 182. One end of each water pipe is connected to each channel 184 on the sleeve 182, and the other end passes through the swing head housing 1 and enters the cavity 21, and then connects to the water pipe joint on the cylinder on the C-axis 2.

[0042] like Figure 6-11 There should be space between the inner wall of the swing head housing 1 and the pressure ring 165 for the water supply pipe or cable to extend upwards.

[0043] like Figure 6-15 Two of the channels 184 that are connected to the mounting hole 122 are connected to the uppermost annular channel 17 and the lowermost annular channel 17, respectively.

[0044] When the multi-channel rotary joint is in use, the channel 184 that is connected to the mounting hole 122 and is close to and connected to the uppermost annular flow channel 17 is used for liquid inlet, while the channel 184 that is close to and connected to the lowermost annular flow channel 17 is used for liquid outlet, thereby realizing the circulation of coolant on the outer wall of the electric spindle 11. At this time, a temperature sensor is built into the electric spindle 11. When the temperature exceeds the preset threshold, the control system automatically opens the valve on the water pipe connected to the multi-channel rotary joint to start the coolant circulation, ensuring that the spindle 3A2C operates within the allowable temperature range. This type of control is relatively existing and will not be described in detail in this application.

[0045] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this invention without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if these modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this invention and their equivalents, this invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A milling and turning head structure with ultrasonic capability, comprising a head housing (1), a C-axis rotation mechanism for driving the head housing (1) to rotate around a C-axis (2), an electric spindle (11) disposed at the lower end of the head housing (1), and an A-axis rotation mechanism for driving the electric spindle (11) to rotate around an A-axis (3), characterized in that: The end face of the electric spindle (11) is integrated with an ultrasonic coil (111). The ultrasonic coil (111) is a built-in structure and is powered by a built-in circuit to drive the ultrasonic tool (4) to perform ultrasonic vibration processing. It also includes a multi-channel rotary joint installed in the oscillating head housing (1) for transmitting multiple media to the outer wall of the electric spindle (11) during the rotation of the electric spindle (11) around the A-axis (3); It also includes a hydraulic disc brake structure for braking and locking the A-axis rotation mechanism and the C-axis rotation mechanism; The hydraulic disc brake structure includes a hydraulic cylinder, brake pads 1 (24), 2 (25) and 3 (26) fixed on the end face of A-axis (3) or C-axis (2) and stacked in sequence, and brake pad 4 (161) fixed on the cylinder body (16) of the hydraulic cylinder. The brake pad 4 (161) enters between brake pads 1 (24) and 3 (26) and has a gap with brake pads 2 (25). The piston (163) of the hydraulic cylinder is directly opposite the overlapping position of brake pads 1 (24), 4 (161) and 3 (26). A pressure ring (165) is detachably connected to the cylinder body (16) of the hydraulic cylinder. An annular plate (1651) extending to one side of the brake pad (26) is provided on the inner ring wall of the pressure ring (165). The annular plate (1651) is distributed opposite to the piston (163) of the hydraulic cylinder. The oscillating head housing (1) is rotatably connected to the mounting housing (12) between the vertical inner wall and the mounting housing (1) via the A-axis (3). The upper end of the mounting housing (12) is provided with a protective cover (15) covering the upper end of the electric spindle (11). The front end of the electric spindle (11) is provided with an annular groove (112) for installing the ultrasonic coil (111). The bottom of the annular groove (112) and the wall of the electric spindle (11) are provided with wire holes (113) for the ultrasonic coil (111) cable to pass through the annular groove (112) to the upper end of the electric spindle (11). After the ultrasonic coil (111) cable passes through the wire hole (113), it enters the protective cover (15). The upper end face of the mounting housing (12) is provided with a wire hole (121) for the ultrasonic coil (111) cable to pass through the protective cover (15) to the exit hole (32). After the ultrasonic coil (111) cable passes through the exit hole (32), it enters the cavity (21) along the internal space of the swing head housing (1). There are two wire holes (121), one for the ultrasonic coil (111) cable to pass through, and the other for the power supply spindle (11) cable to pass through from inside the protective cover (15) into the exit hole (32); The mounting housing (12) has a mounting hole (122) for mounting the power supply spindle (11). The outer wall of the power spindle (11) has several annular flow channels (17) and several notches (171) connecting adjacent annular flow channels (17). On one side of the two annular flow channels (17) on the outermost two sides of the power spindle (11), a sealing ring (172) is fitted to abut against the wall of the mounting hole (122).

2. The ultrasonic milling and turning head structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The C-axis (2) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the swing head housing (1), and the C-axis (2) has a cavity (21) communicating with the internal space of the swing head housing (1). The C-axis rotation mechanism includes a positioning cylinder (22) sleeved on the outer wall of the C-axis (2) and a torque motor (221) set in the positioning cylinder (22). The torque motor (221) controls the rotation of the C-axis (2), and the hydraulic disc brake structure that controls the braking of the C-axis (2) is set on the positioning cylinder (22).

3. The ultrasonic milling and turning head structure as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The oscillating head housing (1) is a U-shaped structure with the opening facing downwards. The electric spindle (11) is installed inside the mounting housing (12) and its lower end extends out of the mounting housing (12) to connect with each tool. The inner wall of the oscillating head housing (1) is provided with a torque motor (13) that drives the A-axis (3) to rotate. The inner walls of the swing head housing (1) are provided with mounting cylinders (14) for mounting torque motor II (13) on the relatively vertically distributed inner walls. The hydraulic disc brake structure for controlling the braking of A-axis (3) is set on the stator of torque motor II (13). The multi-channel rotary joint is installed in one of the A-axis (3), and the other A-axis (3) has a through hole (32) for the cable connected to the electric spindle (11) and the ultrasonic coil (111) to pass through. The through hole (32) is connected to the internal space of the swing head housing (1).

4. The ultrasonic milling and turning head structure as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The hydraulic disc brake structure controlling the C-axis (2) brake is the same as the hydraulic disc brake structure controlling the A-axis (3) brake.

5. The ultrasonic milling and turning head structure as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The multi-channel rotary joint includes a rotating column (18) passing through the A-axis (3). The rotating column (18) has several rotating grooves (181). One end of the rotating column (18) is fixed on the mounting housing (12). A sleeve (182) is fitted on the outer wall of the rotating column (18). Multiple independent channels (184) are opened in both the sleeve (182) and the rotating column (18). Each channel (184) corresponds to a different rotating groove (181). The channel (184) on the rotating column (18) extends into the mounting hole (122). The channel (184) on the sleeve (182) extends out of the bottom of the sleeve and is connected to the water pipe.

6. The ultrasonic milling and turning head structure as described in claim 5, characterized in that, Each of the water pipes passes through the pressure ring (165) on the A-axis (3) and extends from the swing head housing (1) to the cavity (21) of the C-axis (2). There is space between the inner wall of the swing head housing (1) and the pressure ring (165) for the water supply pipe or cable to be distributed upward.

7. The ultrasonic milling and turning head structure as described in claim 5, characterized in that, Two of the channels (184) that communicate with the mounting hole (122) are connected to the uppermost annular channel (17) and the lowermost annular channel (17), respectively.

8. The ultrasonic milling and turning head structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The electric spindle (11) is equipped with any one of the following tools according to the processing requirements: ultrasonic tool (4), turning tool (5), milling cutter or grinding tool, to realize ultrasonic processing, turning, milling or grinding processing; When installing the cutting tool (5), the front end of the electric spindle (11) is provided with a tool holder positioning pin (51) for positioning the tool holder during turning. The cutting tool (5) is mounted on the front end of the electric spindle (11) through a tool holder structure. The tool holder structure works in conjunction with the tool holder positioning pin (51) to realize the installation of the cutting tool (5).

9. The ultrasonic milling and turning head structure as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The cylinder body (16) of the hydraulic cylinder that controls the brake of axis A (3) is fixedly mounted on the stator of torque motor II (13); the cylinder body (16) of the hydraulic cylinder that controls the brake of axis C (2) is fixedly mounted on the upper end face of positioning cylinder (22).

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