A straightening machine for anode steel claws and its method

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of metallurgical machinery and equipment and metal processing, specifically to an anode steel claw straightening machine and its method; it includes a C-shaped straightening frame, a main hydraulic cylinder, an ultrasonic indenter with a built-in ultrasonic transducer, an antagonistic hydraulic compensation blind cavity, and an industrial control computer; the system connects the antagonistic hydraulic compensation blind cavity located on the back side of the vertical column with the oil inlet of the rodless chamber of the main hydraulic cylinder; its core is that when the main hydraulic cylinder pushes, the expansion trend generated synchronously by the blind cavity is used to apply a reverse prestress bending moment to the vertical column; this invention effectively counteracts the elastic backward tilting deformation of the frame caused by the reaction force of the main thrust, prevents the amplification of the displacement deviation at the execution end, and thus ensures a tight fit between the ultrasonic indenter and the surface of the anode steel claw.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of metallurgical machinery and equipment and metal processing, specifically to an anode steel claw straightening machine and its method. Background Technology

[0002] In current anode steel claw straightening operations, the anode steel claw often has microcracks at its root due to its thick-walled, variable-section spatial characteristics and the non-uniform distribution of residual thermal stress. To straighten the twisted anode steel claw, existing solutions generally employ the traditional unidirectional cold-pressing straightening process, which uses a hydraulic cylinder to apply a large unidirectional hydraulic thrust to force the metal to undergo plastic flow and deformation recovery. Although this solution has a certain processing capability in conventional metal forming scenarios, it is highly dependent on large-tonnage mechanical thrust. The large unidirectional hydraulic thrust can easily induce the microcracks at the root of the anode steel claw to become unstable and propagate instantly. At the same time, the large-tonnage thrust causes the cantilever of the straightening frame to be subjected to an upward reaction force, causing the frame to bend backward elastically, which amplifies the displacement deviation at the execution end. In addition, the traditional cold-pressing straightening process is often accompanied by huge elastic rebound, making it difficult to maintain the absolute geometric accuracy of the main axis.

[0003] Therefore, how to suppress the propagation of microcracks and elastic deformation of the frame during the cold pressing and straightening process of the anode steel claw, and eliminate the huge residual elastic rebound to achieve non-destructive and high-precision geometric reset, has become an urgent technical problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an anode steel claw straightening machine and its method. Existing traditional unidirectional cold pressing straightening processes have significant shortcomings in suppressing the unstable propagation of microcracks at the root of the anode steel claw, controlling the elastic backward bending deformation of the straightening machine frame, and eliminating huge residual elastic rebound. There is an urgent need to propose a straightening technology solution that can effectively suppress the propagation of microcracks and the elastic deformation of the machine frame during cold pressing straightening, and eliminate huge residual rebound to achieve non-destructive and high-precision geometric resetting.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides an anode steel claw straightening machine and method thereof. Specifically, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0006] An anode steel claw straightening machine, comprising:

[0007] The straightening frame has a C-shaped structure and includes a base, a vertical column, and a top cantilever. The lower end of the vertical column is fixedly connected to the base, and the top cantilever is fixedly connected to the upper end of the vertical column.

[0008] The main hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the lower end face of the top cantilever, and the piston rod of the main hydraulic cylinder extends vertically downward.

[0009] An ultrasonic pressure head is fixedly connected to the end of the piston rod of the main hydraulic cylinder, and a resonant cavity is provided inside the ultrasonic pressure head;

[0010] An ultrasonic transducer is installed inside the resonant cavity of the ultrasonic indenter, and the ultrasonic transducer is connected to an external ultrasonic power supply.

[0011] An antagonistic hydraulic compensation blind cavity is formed inside the solid of the vertical column on the side away from the main hydraulic cylinder. The oil inlet of the antagonistic hydraulic compensation blind cavity is connected to the oil inlet of the rodless chamber of the main hydraulic cylinder. When the main hydraulic cylinder is working, the antagonistic hydraulic compensation blind cavity generates an expansion tendency to apply a reverse prestress bending moment to the vertical column.

[0012] An industrial control computer is connected to control the operation of the main hydraulic cylinder and the external ultrasonic power supply.

[0013] As a further aspect of the present invention: the antagonistic hydraulic compensation blind cavity is a cylindrical cavity extending along the length direction of the vertical column, and the oil inlet of the antagonistic hydraulic compensation blind cavity is directly connected to the oil inlet of the rodless cavity of the main thrust hydraulic cylinder through a hard seamless steel pipe, wherein the antagonistic hydraulic compensation blind cavity and the main thrust hydraulic cylinder form a purely physical parallel oil circuit.

[0014] As a further aspect of the present invention: the main body of the ultrasonic indenter is a solid cylinder, and the material of the ultrasonic indenter is a high-strength titanium alloy.

[0015] As a further aspect of the present invention: the ultrasonic transducer is installed in the resonant cavity of the ultrasonic pressure head by interference fit, and the ultrasonic transducer is electrically connected to the external ultrasonic power supply through a shielded cable.

[0016] As a further aspect of the present invention: the lower end of the vertical column is fixedly connected to the base by welding, and the top cantilever is fixedly connected to the upper end of the vertical column by welding.

[0017] As a further aspect of the present invention: the main hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the lower end face of the top cantilever via a flange and high-strength bolts.

[0018] As a further aspect of the present invention, the inner wall of the antagonistic hydraulic compensation blind cavity is honed.

[0019] A method for straightening an anode steel claw includes:

[0020] S1. Control the main hydraulic cylinder to drive the ultrasonic pressure head to move downward and contact the surface of the anode steel claw, so that the main hydraulic cylinder applies a directional thrust;

[0021] S2. Control the external ultrasonic power supply to drive the ultrasonic transducer to generate high-frequency stress waves, and direct the high-frequency stress waves into the deformation zone of the anode steel claw via the ultrasonic pressure head, so that the anode steel claw undergoes plastic flow in a softened state.

[0022] S3. Real-time acquisition of the phase difference of the driving current of the external ultrasonic power supply to generate a driving current phase difference curve. When the first derivative of the driving current phase difference curve crosses zero, it is determined that the anode steel claw material has reached the precise yield point.

[0023] S4. Obtain the current absolute displacement of the main hydraulic cylinder and calculate the deviation between the current position and theoretical straightness of the anode steel claw. Combine the residual elastic modulus of the anode steel claw material to calculate the residual rebound amount after the external ultrasonic power supply is cut off.

[0024] S5. Determine the relationship between the residual rebound amount and the preset threshold. If the residual rebound amount is greater than the preset threshold, proceed to step S6; if the residual rebound amount is less than or equal to the preset threshold, proceed to step S7.

[0025] S6. Keep the thrust of the main hydraulic cylinder constant, adjust the pulse duty cycle of the external ultrasonic power supply to extend the acoustic softening residence time of the anode steel claw material, and gradually reduce the output power of the external ultrasonic power supply at a fixed slope under the pressure holding state of the main hydraulic cylinder, so that the residual stress inside the anode steel claw is released evenly, and continuously monitor the real-time position of the anode steel claw until the triggering condition of step S7 is met.

[0026] S7. When the anode steel claw reaches the target straightness, the external ultrasonic power supply is cut off instantly, and the main hydraulic cylinder is controlled to maintain pressure to achieve rigid locking.

[0027] As a further aspect of the present invention: the frequency of the high-frequency stress wave generated by the ultrasonic transducer is 20000Hz to 35000Hz.

[0028] The steps preceding S1 include:

[0029] S0. Place the twisted anode steel claw on the base of the straightening frame and clamp it in place.

[0030] As a further aspect of the present invention: the step between S1 and step S2 includes:

[0031] The main hydraulic cylinder is controlled to push the anode steel claw, so that the high-pressure hydraulic oil in the rodless chamber of the main hydraulic cylinder is forced into the antagonistic hydraulic compensation blind cavity on the side of the vertical column away from the main hydraulic cylinder, forcing the antagonistic hydraulic compensation blind cavity to expand, thereby applying a reverse prestress bending moment to the vertical column.

[0032] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0033] 1. The anode steel claw straightening machine and method of the present invention, by setting an antagonistic hydraulic compensation blind cavity on the side of the vertical column away from the main hydraulic cylinder, and communicating with the oil inlet of the rodless cavity of the main hydraulic cylinder; when the main hydraulic cylinder is working, the blind cavity generates an expansion tendency to apply a reverse prestress bending moment to the vertical column; this design effectively suppresses the stress deformation, prevents the amplification of the displacement deviation at the execution end, and ensures accurate geometric reset;

[0034] 2. This invention introduces high-frequency stress waves into the anode steel claw, causing it to undergo plastic flow in a softened state; when the first derivative of the driving current phase difference curve crosses zero, the precise yield point is determined; the pulse duty cycle is adjusted in combination with the residual rebound amount to extend the acoustic softening residence time, and the output power is reduced with a fixed slope; this method promotes the uniform release of residual stress, effectively eliminates residual rebound, and achieves rigid locking of the target straightness. Attached Figure Description

[0035] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. In the drawings:

[0036] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the device;

[0037] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the device from another perspective;

[0038] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the main hydraulic cylinder of the device;

[0039] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the vertical column of the device;

[0040] Figure 5 This is a flowchart of the method of the present invention.

[0041] In the diagram: 1. Straightening frame; 2. Base; 3. Vertical column; 4. Top cantilever; 5. Main hydraulic cylinder; 6. Piston rod; 7. Ultrasonic indenter; 8. Resonant cavity; 9. Ultrasonic transducer; 10. External ultrasonic power supply; 11. Antagonistic hydraulic compensation blind cavity; 12. Oil inlet; 13. Rodless cavity oil inlet; 14. Industrial computer; 15. Hardened seamless steel pipe; 16. Flange; 17. High-strength bolt; 18. Shielded cable; 19. High-precision magnetostrictive displacement sensor; 20. High-frequency dynamic pressure sensor; 21. Anode steel claw. Detailed Implementation

[0042] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0043] Example 1:

[0044] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2 An anode steel claw straightening machine, comprising:

[0045] The straightening frame 1 has a C-shaped structure, including a base 2, a vertical column 3 and a top cantilever 4. The lower end of the vertical column 3 is fixedly connected to the base 2, and the top cantilever 4 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the vertical column 3.

[0046] Please combine Figure 3 The main hydraulic cylinder 5 is fixedly connected to the lower end face of the top cantilever 4, and the piston rod 6 of the main hydraulic cylinder 5 extends vertically downward.

[0047] An ultrasonic pressure head 7 is fixedly connected to the end of the piston rod 6 of the main hydraulic cylinder 5, and a resonant cavity 8 is provided inside the ultrasonic pressure head 7; an ultrasonic transducer 9 is installed in the resonant cavity 8 of the ultrasonic pressure head 7, and the ultrasonic transducer 9 is connected to an external ultrasonic power supply 10.

[0048] Please combine Figure 4 The antagonistic hydraulic compensation blind cavity 11 is opened inside the solid of the vertical column 3 on the side away from the main hydraulic cylinder 5. The oil inlet 12 of the antagonistic hydraulic compensation blind cavity 11 is connected to the oil inlet 13 of the rodless cavity of the main hydraulic cylinder 5. When the main hydraulic cylinder 5 is working, the antagonistic hydraulic compensation blind cavity 11 generates an expansion tendency to apply a reverse prestress bending moment to the vertical column 3.

[0049] The industrial control computer 14 is connected to control the operation of the main hydraulic cylinder 5 and the external ultrasonic power supply 10;

[0050] In traditional cold pressing straightening, the thick-walled variable cross-section space of the anode steel claw 21 and the non-uniform distribution of residual thermal stress lead to microcracks at the root. The extremely large unidirectional hydraulic thrust can easily induce the microcracks to become unstable and propagate instantly. At the same time, the large tonnage thrust causes the frame cantilever to be subjected to an upward reaction force, which causes the straightening frame 1 to bend backward and amplifies the displacement deviation at the end of the execution.

[0051] In this embodiment, the anode steel claw 21 straightening machine coordinates the external ultrasonic power supply 10 and the main hydraulic cylinder 5 through the industrial control computer 14. The main hydraulic cylinder 5 provides basic downward pressure kinetic energy as a linear actuator. The ultrasonic pressure head 7 and its internal ultrasonic transducer 9 introduce high-frequency mechanical vibration into the anode steel claw 21, and reduce the local material apparent yield strength by utilizing the acoustic plastic effect.

[0052] The antagonistic hydraulic compensation blind cavity 11 is actually opened on the rear side away from the main hydraulic cylinder 5. It uses the principle of hydrostatic expansion to force the pressure area on the rear side of the column to extend, and applies a forward reverse prestress bending moment to the vertical column 3. In this way, without adding a complex external proportional control valve, it automatically cancels the backward tilting deformation of the frame caused by the front tension, ensuring the tight fit between the ultrasonic pressure head 7 and the surface of the anode steel claw 21 and the non-destructive introduction of high frequency energy.

[0053] To support the data closed loop of the control algorithm, a high-precision magnetostrictive displacement sensor 19 and a high-frequency dynamic pressure sensor 20 are configured inside or on the side of the main hydraulic cylinder 5. These are used to collect the absolute displacement and displacement change of the piston rod 6, as well as the changes in thrust and unloading force, in real time. The external ultrasonic power supply 10 integrates a high-frequency voltage and current phase detection circuit to extract the phase difference of the drive signal in real time. All of the above sensors and detection circuits are connected to the data acquisition terminal of the industrial control computer 14 to provide underlying hardware sensing data for system operation.

[0054] The antagonistic hydraulic compensation blind cavity 11 is a cylindrical cavity extending along the length of the vertical column 3. The oil inlet 12 of the antagonistic hydraulic compensation blind cavity 11 is directly connected to the rodless cavity oil inlet 13 of the main thrust hydraulic cylinder 5 through a hard seamless steel pipe 15. The antagonistic hydraulic compensation blind cavity 11 and the main thrust hydraulic cylinder 5 form a purely physical parallel oil circuit. The inner wall of the antagonistic hydraulic compensation blind cavity 11 is honed.

[0055] The antagonistic hydraulic compensation blind cavity 11 is specifically defined as a deep hole structure extending longitudinally along the vertical column 3 away from the side of the main hydraulic cylinder 5; the cylindrical cavity is honed to reduce fluid resistance along the flow path and eliminate the stress concentration hazards caused by the micro-machining tool marks on the inner wall, preventing fatigue cracking of the column body under high-frequency alternating stress; the oil inlet 12 is directly connected to the rodless cavity of the main hydraulic cylinder 5 through a hard seamless steel pipe 15, constructing a pure physical parallel oil circuit without time delay;

[0056] As the downward resistance of the main hydraulic cylinder 5 increases instantaneously, the high-pressure hydraulic oil in the main oil circuit simultaneously flows into the blind cavity. The axial expansion force of the fluid in the blind cavity directly forces the rear side of the column to elongate, generating a forward prestress bending moment, thereby effectively counteracting the backward bending deformation of the frame caused by the reaction force of the main hydraulic cylinder 5. This fluid self-compensating mechanical structure does not require the use of a hysteretic electronic sensing feedback link. It uses the energy fluctuation of the main driving force itself to smooth the frame deformation and maintain the absolute geometric accuracy of the main axis.

[0057] The main body of the ultrasonic indenter 7 is a solid cylinder, and the material of the ultrasonic indenter 7 is high-strength titanium alloy; the ultrasonic transducer 9 is installed in the resonant cavity 8 of the ultrasonic indenter 7 by interference fit, and the ultrasonic transducer 9 is electrically connected to the external ultrasonic power supply 10 through the shielded cable 18.

[0058] The ultrasonic indenter 7 is made of a solid cylinder of high-strength titanium alloy. This material has an extremely low acoustic energy attenuation coefficient and excellent fatigue fracture toughness, and can withstand the superposition of the static load applied by the main hydraulic cylinder 5 and the high-frequency dynamic load generated by the ultrasonic transducer 9.

[0059] The ultrasonic transducer 9 is tightly embedded in the resonant cavity 8 of the ultrasonic indenter 7 through an interference fit. This gapless mechanical coupling method eliminates the interface acoustic impedance mismatch and ensures that the micron-level high-frequency amplitude generated by the piezoelectric ceramic can be totally reflected and focused on the end of the indenter.

[0060] The introduction of shielded cable 18 is intended to isolate complex electromagnetic interference in industrial environments and ensure that the industrial control computer 14 accurately picks up the phase difference signal of the driving current of the external ultrasonic power supply 10. The design of this acoustic core component demonstrates extremely high acoustic energy transfer efficiency and structural robustness in harsh high-temperature and dusty environments.

[0061] The lower end of the vertical column 3 is fixedly connected to the base 2 by welding, and the top cantilever 4 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the vertical column 3 by welding; the main hydraulic cylinder 5 is fixedly connected to the lower end face of the top cantilever 4 by flange 16 and high-strength bolts 17.

[0062] The base 2 of the straightening frame 1 and the vertical column 3, as well as the vertical column 3 and the top cantilever 4, are all connected by full penetration welding. This metallurgical bonding method eliminates the loosening of threads and slippage micro-vibration phenomenon that easily occurs when bolted connections are subjected to high-frequency vibration, and constructs a C-shaped bearing base with extremely high static stiffness and dynamic damping characteristics.

[0063] The main hydraulic cylinder 5 is anchored to the lower end face of the top cantilever 4 via flange 16 and high-strength bolts 17. The flange 16 connection provides a wide contact area to disperse local shear stress. This rigid connection system ensures that the composite load output by the main hydraulic cylinder 5 is accurately transmitted to the anode steel claw 21 along the predetermined geometric axis, avoiding uneven wear of the hydraulic cylinder guide sleeve caused by lateral load and improving the structural stability of the whole machine under heavy load conditions.

[0064] Example 2:

[0065] Please see Figure 5 A method for straightening anodized steel claws, comprising:

[0066] S1. Control the main hydraulic cylinder 5 to drive the ultrasonic pressure head 7 to move downward and contact the surface of the anode steel claw 21, so that the main hydraulic cylinder 5 applies a directional thrust.

[0067] S2. Control the external ultrasonic power supply 10 to drive the ultrasonic transducer 9 to generate high-frequency stress waves, and direct the high-frequency stress waves through the ultrasonic pressure head 7 to the deformation zone of the anode steel claw 21, so that the anode steel claw 21 undergoes plastic flow in a softened state.

[0068] S3. Real-time acquisition of the phase difference of the driving current of the external ultrasonic power supply 10 to generate the phase difference curve of the driving current. When the first derivative of the phase difference curve of the driving current crosses zero, it is determined that the material of the anode steel claw 21 has reached the precise yield point.

[0069] S4. Obtain the current absolute displacement of the main hydraulic cylinder 5 and calculate the deviation between the current position of the anode steel claw 21 and the theoretical straightness. Combine the residual elastic modulus of the anode steel claw 21 material to calculate the residual springback after the external ultrasonic power supply 10 is cut off.

[0070] S5. Determine the relationship between the residual rebound amount and the preset threshold. If the residual rebound amount is greater than the preset threshold, proceed to step S6; if the residual rebound amount is less than or equal to the preset threshold, proceed to step S7.

[0071] S6. Keep the thrust of the main hydraulic cylinder 5 unchanged, adjust the pulse duty cycle of the external ultrasonic power supply 10 to extend the acoustic softening residence time of the anode steel claw 21 material, and gradually reduce the output power of the external ultrasonic power supply 10 at a fixed slope while the main hydraulic cylinder 5 is under pressure, so that the residual stress inside the anode steel claw 21 is released evenly, and continuously monitor the real-time position of the anode steel claw 21 until the triggering condition of step S7 is met.

[0072] S7. When the anode steel claw 21 reaches the target straightness, the external ultrasonic power supply 10 is cut off instantly, and the main hydraulic cylinder 5 is controlled to maintain pressure to achieve rigid locking; the frequency of the high-frequency stress wave generated by the ultrasonic transducer 9 is 20000Hz to 35000Hz.

[0073] Before step S1, the following steps are included: S0, placing the twisted anode steel claw 21 on the base 2 of the straightening frame 1 and clamping and positioning it;

[0074] The anode steel claw 21 straightening method deeply integrates the high-frequency ultrasonic focused vibration field with the hydrostatic thrust; after the operator places the anode steel claw 21 on the base 2 and clamps it in position, the main hydraulic cylinder 5 drives the ultrasonic pressure head 7 to apply directional thrust.

[0075] An external ultrasonic power supply 10 drives an ultrasonic transducer 9 to generate a high-frequency stress wave of 20,000 Hz to 35,000 Hz, which is directed into the deformation zone of the anode steel claw 21. The high-frequency vibration energy directly acts on the dislocation slip lines inside the thick-walled cast steel material. The solid metal at room temperature exhibits softening properties similar to a high-viscosity fluid in the vibration zone.

[0076] The industrial control computer 14 collects the phase difference between the driving current and driving voltage of the external ultrasonic power supply 10 in real time as the driving current phase difference. When the material transitions from the elastic stage to the plastic flow stage, the step decrease in internal acoustic impedance leads to a reduction in the mechanical load on the transducer, and the phase difference curve shows a zero point of the first derivative. Based on this, the system determines that the material has reached the precise yield point. This determination mechanism based on electrical characteristics to infer the plastic deformation state of the material solves the physical limitation that it is difficult to observe the yield state inside thick-walled cast steel parts.

[0077] The system obtains the current absolute displacement of the main hydraulic cylinder 5, maps the displacement to the current deformation coordinate of the pressed point of the anode steel claw 21 through geometric position conversion, and compares it with the theoretical straightness coordinates stored in the system to calculate the deviation between the current pose of the anode steel claw 21 and the theoretical straightness.

[0078] Specifically, since the anode steel claw 21 is clamped and positioned at both ends on the base 2, the system uses the clamping points at both ends as the coordinates of the fixed hinge fulcrum. Combined with the current deformation coordinates of the pressing point of the main hydraulic cylinder 5, a bending deflection geometric model with three points coplanar is constructed. The overall pose curve of the anode steel claw 21 is then fitted by spline interpolation. The specific calculation logic is as follows:

[0079] Let the fitted global pose curve function be... The preset ideal central line axis equation is: The system discretely samples multiple abscissa points within the current straightening span according to a preset step size. Calculate each sampling point Normal distance to the central straight axis The calculation formula is:

[0080]

[0081] The arithmetic square root operation in the denominator ensures that the dimension of the distance calculation is restored to the unit of length, thus maintaining unit consistency with the measured value of the displacement sensor.

[0082] In the formula, and These are the x and y coordinates of the ideal central line, respectively. , , All of these are constant coefficients of the equation of the ideal central straight line axis; For the first The normal distance from each sampling point to the central straight line axis; For the first The x-coordinate of each sampling point; For the overall pose curve in the first... The system iterates through all sampling points and extracts the maximum value from the normal distance set, using this as the current straightness deviation.

[0083] The system calculates the instantaneous stress based on the deviation. The specific calculation steps are as follows: The system pre-stores the moment of inertia of the cross section of the anode steel claw 21, the distance from the edge of the cross section to the neutral axis, and the current straightening span; Since the material has crossed the precise yield point and entered the plastic state, the system controls the main hydraulic cylinder 5 to perform micro-amplitude low-frequency force-controlled unloading to extract the pure elastic recovery deflection component in the deviation. The control parameters for micro-amplitude low-frequency force-controlled unloading are: the unloading displacement amplitude is controlled between 0.5mm and 1.5mm, and the unloading frequency is controlled between 0.1Hz and 0.5Hz to ensure that the elastic strain is fully released without inducing the reverse plastic yield of the material.

[0084] The specific extraction process is as follows: During the micro-unloading process, the system synchronously collects the change in unloading force of the main hydraulic cylinder 5. With unloading displacement change Calculate the local elastic stiffness under the current state. Utilizing the total thrust applied by the current main hydraulic cylinder 5 Divide by the local elastic stiffness The total elastic recovery deflection component corresponding to complete unloading was calculated. ,Right now ;

[0085] The calculated pure elastic recovery deflection components Substituting the deflection into the deflection formula for a simply supported beam under load at the center, the equivalent concentrated load is calculated inversely. Then, the instantaneous stress generated by this equivalent concentrated load in the deformation zone is calculated according to the bending stress formula in mechanics of materials. Specifically, the calculation logic formula for inversely calculating the equivalent concentrated load preset in the industrial control computer 14 is as follows:

[0086]

[0087] In the formula, For equivalent concentrated load, This represents the initial elastic modulus of the anode steel claw 21 material at room temperature. For the pre-stored moment of inertia of the cross section of the anode steel claw 21, For the purely elastic recovery deflection component, Given the current straightening span; furthermore, the calculation logic formula for the instantaneous stress generated by this equivalent concentrated load in the deformation zone is as follows:

[0088]

[0089] In the formula, For instantaneous stress, This is the distance from the edge of the cross section to the neutral axis; combined with the residual elastic modulus of the anode steel claw 21 material in the acoustic softening state, this residual elastic modulus is obtained by dynamically looking up the table based on the real-time output parameters of the current external ultrasonic power supply 10 through a pre-established empirical mapping relationship table between ultrasonic frequency, amplitude and material elastic modulus attenuation rate. The empirical mapping relationship table is constructed based on the following empirical formula:

[0090]

[0091] In the formula For the residual elastic modulus, This refers to the ultrasonic frequency. Ultrasonic amplitude The power is calculated by the industrial control computer 14 through the real-time output power of the external ultrasonic power supply 10. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0092]

[0093] In the formula, This refers to the current real-time output power of the external ultrasonic power supply 10. The electromechanical conversion constants of the ultrasonic transducer 9 are pre-stored. The acoustic softening coupling coefficient is obtained by fitting tensile acoustic softening experiments on the same batch of materials, and its value range is [value range missing]. to The residual elastic strain is calculated by dividing the instantaneous stress by the residual elastic modulus according to Hooke's law. The formula is as follows:

[0094]

[0095] The residual elastic strain is then converted into the residual springback that the material will experience after the external ultrasonic power supply is cut off, based on the geometric relationship of the current straightening span. The specific conversion formula is as follows:

[0096]

[0097] In the formula, This is the residual rebound amount. 12 represents the residual elastic strain, and 12 is a constant determined based on the boundary conditions of the simply supported beam under load at the center.

[0098] The system determines the relationship between the residual springback and the preset threshold, which represents the maximum residual deformation tolerance range allowed by the straightening process of the anode steel claw 21. It is pre-calibrated based on historical straightening experience and steel claw specifications.

[0099] If the calculated residual rebound amount is greater than the preset threshold, the thrust of the main hydraulic cylinder 5 will not be changed. Instead, the pulse duty cycle of the external ultrasonic power supply 10 will be increased by pulse width modulation technology. Specifically, the pulse duty cycle will be gradually increased from the initial range of 50% to 60% to the range of 80% to 90% to prolong the acoustic softening residence time and guide the deep creep relaxation of the material.

[0100] The system continuously monitors the rate of change of the small pressure-holding displacement of the main hydraulic cylinder 5 under constant thrust. When the first derivative of the drive current phase difference curve crosses zero, that is... When the material enters a stress relaxation plateau, the system automatically locks the current power output to prevent internal material damage caused by high-frequency fatigue.

[0101] When the displacement change rate is less than the preset creep rate threshold within a continuously set time period, it is determined that deep creep relaxation is effective. The continuously set time period is set to 3 to 5 seconds, and the preset creep rate threshold is set to 0.01 to 0.05 mm / s. These two parameters are obtained through calibration tests on the stress relaxation curves of the same batch of anode steel claw 21 materials in the early stage.

[0102] While the main hydraulic cylinder 5 is under pressure, the output power of the external ultrasonic power supply 10 is gradually reduced at a fixed slope. This fixed slope is set according to the experimental determination of the natural release rate of residual stress inside the anode steel claw 21 material. Specifically, it is set to reduce the current full-load output power of the external ultrasonic power supply 10 by 5% to 15% per second, that is, the power reduction rate is controlled between 100W / s and 300W / s. This is used to match the gradual attenuation curve of stress to prevent the power from dropping sharply and inducing secondary stress concentration, thereby promoting the uniform release of residual stress.

[0103] When the target straightness is achieved, the external ultrasonic power supply 10 is cut off instantly, the apparent yield strength of the material recovers in microseconds, and the main hydraulic cylinder 5 maintains pressure to achieve rigid locking; this composite straightening strategy eliminates the huge elastic rebound in traditional cold pressing straightening and achieves non-destructive and high-precision geometric reset.

[0104] Comparative experimental tests have verified that, for cast steel anode claws 21 with a cross-sectional size of 150mm×150mm and an initial maximum deflection of 12mm in the same batch, the average residual springback after using the traditional unidirectional cold pressing straightening process is 2.8mm.

[0105] After adopting the ultrasonic composite straightening method of this embodiment, the average residual rebound amount was reduced to less than 0.12 mm, and the straightness deviation was less than 1 mm / m. The experimental data fully demonstrated the significant technical effect of this method in eliminating huge elastic rebound.

[0106] The steps between S1 and S2 include:

[0107] The main hydraulic cylinder 5 is controlled to push the anode steel claw 21, so that the high pressure hydraulic oil in the rodless chamber of the main hydraulic cylinder 5 flows into the antagonistic hydraulic compensation blind cavity 11 on the side of the vertical column 3 away from the main hydraulic cylinder 5, forcing the antagonistic hydraulic compensation blind cavity 11 to expand, thereby applying a reverse prestress bending moment to the vertical column 3.

[0108] During the synergistic effect window of the thrust applied by the main hydraulic cylinder 5 and the introduction of high-frequency stress waves by the ultrasonic transducer 9, the high-pressure hydraulic oil in the rodless cavity of the main hydraulic cylinder 5 surges into the antagonistic hydraulic compensation blind cavity 11 on the side of the vertical column 3 away from the main hydraulic cylinder 5; as the resistance force of the anode steel claw 21 fluctuates dynamically, the fluid pressure surging into the blind cavity changes synchronously, forcing the antagonistic hydraulic compensation blind cavity 11 on the rear side to generate an axial geometric expansion tendency, and applying a forward reverse prestress bending moment to the vertical column 3.

[0109] This adaptive compensation mechanism based on fluid communication devices uses the energy fluctuations of the actuator itself to smooth the elastic backward deformation of the frame, ensuring that the ultrasonic indenter 7 can maintain zero-gap contact with the surface of the anode steel claw 21 under any thrust step change, preventing impedance mismatch and energy reflection in the high-frequency sound field, and generating a synergistic effect of dynamically adaptively improving the frame stiffness. This verifies the structural robustness of this technical solution under the straightening operation of anode steel claws 21 of different specifications.

[0110] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. An anode steel dog straightener characterized by, Comprise: Straightening frame (1), C-shaped structure, including base (2), vertical column (3) and top cantilever (4), the lower end of the vertical column (3) is fixedly connected to the base (2), the top cantilever (4) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the vertical column (3); Main push hydraulic cylinder (5), fixedly connected to the lower end surface of the top cantilever (4), the piston rod (6) of the main push hydraulic cylinder (5) extends vertically downward; ultrasonic pressure head (7), fixedly connected to the end of the piston rod (6) of the main push hydraulic cylinder (5), the ultrasonic pressure head (7) is internally provided with a resonance cavity (8); Ultrasonic transducer (9) is installed in the resonance cavity (8) of the ultrasonic pressure head (7), the ultrasonic transducer (9) is connected to the external ultrasonic power supply (10); Antagonistic hydraulic compensation blind cavity (11) is provided in the entity inside of the vertical column (3) away from the main push hydraulic cylinder (5) side, the oil inlet (12) of the antagonistic hydraulic compensation blind cavity (11) is communicated with the rodless cavity oil inlet (13) of the main push hydraulic cylinder (5), wherein, when the main push hydraulic cylinder (5) works, the antagonistic hydraulic compensation blind cavity (11) generates expansion trend to exert reverse prestressed bending moment on the vertical column (3); Industrial computer (14) is connected to control the work of the main push hydraulic cylinder (5) and the external ultrasonic power supply (10).

2. The straightening machine for anode steel claws according to claim 1, characterized in that, The antagonistic hydraulic compensation blind cavity (11) is a cylindrical cavity extending along the length direction of the vertical column (3), the oil inlet (12) of the antagonistic hydraulic compensation blind cavity (11) is directly communicated with the rodless cavity oil inlet (13) of the main push hydraulic cylinder (5) through a hard seamless steel pipe (15), wherein, the antagonistic hydraulic compensation blind cavity (11) and the main push hydraulic cylinder (5) form a pure physical parallel oil circuit.

3. The straightening machine for anode steel claws according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ultrasonic pressure head (7) is a solid cylinder, and the material of the ultrasonic pressure head (7) is high-strength titanium alloy.

4. The straightening machine for anode steel claws according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ultrasonic transducer (9) is installed in the resonance cavity (8) of the ultrasonic pressure head (7) by interference fit, and the ultrasonic transducer (9) is electrically connected to the external ultrasonic power supply (10) through a shielded cable (18).

5. The straightening machine for anode steel claws according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lower end of the vertical column (3) is fixedly connected to the base (2) by welding, and the top cantilever (4) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the vertical post (3) by welding.

6. The straightening machine for anode steel claws according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main push hydraulic cylinder (5) is fixedly connected to the lower end surface of the top cantilever (4) by flange (16) and high-strength bolt (17).

7. The straightening machine for anode steel claws according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner wall of the antagonistic hydraulic compensation blind cavity (11) is honed.

8. A method for straightening an anode steel claw, applied to the anode steel claw straightening machine of claim 1, characterized in that, Comprise: S1, control the main push hydraulic cylinder (5) to drive the ultrasonic pressure head (7) to move downward and contact the surface of the anode steel jaw (21), so that the main push hydraulic cylinder (5) exerts directional thrust; S2, control the external ultrasonic power supply (10) to drive the ultrasonic transducer (9) to generate high-frequency stress wave, and direct the high-frequency stress wave into the deformation zone of the anode steel jaw (21) through the ultrasonic pressure head (7), so that the anode steel jaw (21) occurs plastic flow in softened state; S3. Real-time acquisition of the phase difference of the driving current of the external ultrasonic power supply (10) to generate a driving current phase difference curve. When the first derivative of the driving current phase difference curve crosses zero, it is determined that the material of the anode steel claw (21) has reached the precise yield point. S4. Obtain the current absolute displacement of the main hydraulic cylinder (5) and calculate the deviation between the current position and theoretical straightness of the anode steel claw (21). Combine the residual elastic modulus of the anode steel claw (21) material to calculate the residual rebound amount after the external ultrasonic power supply (10) is cut off. S5. Determine the relationship between the residual rebound amount and the preset threshold. If the residual rebound amount is greater than the preset threshold, proceed to step S6; if the residual rebound amount is less than or equal to the preset threshold, proceed to step S7. S6. Keep the thrust of the main hydraulic cylinder (5) unchanged, adjust the pulse duty cycle of the external ultrasonic power supply (10) to extend the acoustic softening residence time of the anode steel claw (21) material, and gradually reduce the output power of the external ultrasonic power supply (10) at a fixed slope under the pressure holding state of the main hydraulic cylinder (5) so that the residual stress inside the anode steel claw (21) is released uniformly, and continuously monitor the real-time pose of the anode steel claw (21) until the triggering condition of step S7 is met; S7. When the anode steel claw (21) reaches the target straightness, the external ultrasonic power supply (10) is cut off instantly, and the main hydraulic cylinder (5) is controlled to maintain pressure to achieve rigid locking.

9. A method of straightening an anode steel claw according to claim 8, characterized in that, The frequency of the high-frequency stress wave generated by the ultrasonic transducer (9) is 20000Hz to 35000Hz; the step S1 includes: S0, placing the twisted anode steel claw (21) on the base (2) of the straightening frame (1) and clamping it in position.

10. The method of straightening an anode steel claw according to claim 8, wherein The steps between S1 and S2 include: controlling the main hydraulic cylinder (5) to push the anode steel claw (21), so that the high-pressure hydraulic oil in the rodless chamber of the main hydraulic cylinder (5) is pressed into the antagonistic hydraulic compensation blind cavity (11) on the side of the vertical column (3) away from the main hydraulic cylinder (5), forcing the antagonistic hydraulic compensation blind cavity (11) to expand, thereby applying a reverse prestress bending moment to the vertical column (3).

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