A device and method for realizing all-around real-time monitoring of tunnel structure deformation

Abstract

The application discloses a device and method capable of realizing all-around real-time monitoring of tunnel structure deformation. The device comprises multiple non-contact displacement sensors, a rotating support assembly, a three-dimensional space locator assembly, an inclination sensor and a control unit. The multiple non-contact displacement sensors are equidistantly arranged along tunnel walls on the same cross section of the tunnel and are fixed through the rotating support assembly; the rotating support assembly can realize scanning measurement along the cross section and the longitudinal direction of the tunnel. The three-dimensional space locator assembly is used for monitoring the position change of the base point of the sensor, the inclination sensor is used for accurately controlling the scanning angle of the first rotating assembly, and the control unit is responsible for coordinated control and data processing. The application integrates automatic scanning, multiple sensor data mutual verification, environmental compensation and remote monitoring functions, can realize real-time, continuous and accurate monitoring of various deformation parameters such as tunnel ellipticity, segment misalignment and cross section convergence, significantly improves the monitoring efficiency and precision, and guarantees the tunnel operation safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a device that enables all-round real-time monitoring of tunnel structural deformation, belonging to the field of tunnel deformation monitoring. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous development of urban construction, the number of shield tunnel construction projects is increasing daily. Tunnels face numerous challenges during construction, influenced by geological conditions, construction loads, and dynamic changes in the support system. Real-time monitoring is necessary to promptly detect structural anomalies during construction, ensuring construction safety and the quality of the tunnel structure. After completion and operation, with the increase in service life, tunnel lining deformation is inevitable due to geological conditions and the surrounding engineering environment, potentially leading to cracks, leaks, and collapses. To address these issues, regular monitoring of tunnel deformation is required for timely maintenance and repair.

[0003] Traditional tunnel deformation monitoring primarily relies on equipment such as levels, total stations, and conventional non-contact displacement sensors, employing a manual, periodic inspection approach. This method is limited by its single-point measurement characteristics, requiring the deployment of monitoring points point-by-point. This not only results in limited coverage and time-consuming, labor-intensive operations, but also fails to simultaneously measure key deformation indicators such as tunnel cross-section diameter, ellipticity, and segment misalignment. Furthermore, temperature fluctuations in the tunnel environment cause structural expansion and contraction, affecting material mechanical properties, and excessive humidity can easily lead to cable corrosion. Traditional monitoring methods lack real-time acquisition of environmental parameters such as temperature and humidity, making it impossible to correct measurement errors through environmental compensation, further reducing data accuracy and failing to meet the demands of high-precision monitoring.

[0004] How to conveniently and efficiently measure tunnel structural deformation has become a key issue in this field. Given the limitations of existing monitoring methods in terms of coverage, environmental compensation, and real-time performance, this invention proposes a device capable of comprehensively and continuously monitoring tunnel ellipticity and segment misalignment deformation, integrating environmental parameters, achieving dynamic error compensation, monitoring indicators such as diameter, ellipticity, tunnel convergence value, and crown settlement, and extracting monitoring data in real time. This device has significant practical application value. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a device for measuring tunnel structural deformation. This device enables comprehensive real-time monitoring of tunnel deformation, including indicators such as tunnel cross-sectional diameter and ellipticity. It can promptly detect issues such as deformation, cracks, and segment misalignment in the tunnel lining.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned technical objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A device capable of real-time monitoring of tunnel structure deformation from all directions, comprising:

[0008] Multiple non-contact displacement sensors are fixed to the tunnel wall by rotating bracket assemblies. The multiple non-contact displacement sensors are equidistantly arranged along the tunnel wall on the same cross section of the tunnel, and the sweeping ranges of every two non-contact displacement sensors overlap.

[0009] The rotating support assembly includes a first rotating component and a second rotating component. The first rotating component is used to drive the non-contact displacement sensor to rotate around the Y-axis to measure the displacement in the direction of the tunnel cross section. The second rotating component is used to drive the non-contact displacement sensor to rotate around the Z-axis to measure the displacement in the direction of the tunnel axial direction.

[0010] A three-dimensional spatial locator component is used to acquire the position data of the non-contact displacement sensor in real time;

[0011] An inclinometer is used to acquire the rotation angle of the first rotating mechanism;

[0012] The control unit has its signal input terminal connected to the non-contact displacement sensor, the three-dimensional spatial locator assembly, and the tilt sensor, and its signal output terminal connected to the first rotating assembly and the second rotating assembly.

[0013] Furthermore, the rotating support assembly includes:

[0014] The first rotating component includes:

[0015] The base plate is fixed to the inner wall of the tunnel by mounting brackets;

[0016] The first fixing block is fixed to the base plate;

[0017] The first rotating rod is placed horizontally along the Y-axis, and its rod body passes through the corresponding shaft hole on the first fixed block;

[0018] The first motor has its output shaft fixedly connected to one end of the first rotating rod;

[0019] The second rotating component includes:

[0020] The second fixing block has one side connected to the first rotating rod via the first connecting plate, and the other side has a vertical groove.

[0021] The support rod is fixed at both ends to the walls on both sides of the groove of the second fixing block and spans across the groove.

[0022] The second rotating rod is placed vertically along the Z-axis, passes through the bearing or shaft hole in the middle of the support rod, and is supported by it, and can rotate freely around its own axis.

[0023] The second connecting plate is fixedly connected to the second rotating rod;

[0024] The second motor has its output shaft connected to one end of the second rotating rod.

[0025] The clamp is fixedly connected to the free end of the second connecting plate via the clamp base;

[0026] The non-contact displacement sensor is held in the fixture.

[0027] Furthermore, the non-contact displacement sensor is a ranging sensor that emits light signals, and the inner wall of the tunnel is provided with a reflective coating.

[0028] It also includes reflective markings set on the surface of the tunnel lining. The reflective markings and the non-contact displacement sensors on the same longitudinal axis are located on both sides of the construction joint, thereby enabling the monitoring of misalignment of the tunnel lining.

[0029] Furthermore, the three-dimensional spatial locator assembly includes a magnetic field transmitter arranged at the top of the inner side of the tunnel lining and a magnetic field receiver arranged on the rotating support assembly. The deformation of the tunnel lining is determined by monitoring the position change of the magnetic field receiver.

[0030] Furthermore, three or more non-contact displacement sensors are installed at equal intervals along the perimeter of the tunnel sidewall, thereby enabling all-round measurement of tunnel ellipticity and segment misalignment displacement to determine tunnel deformation.

[0031] This invention further discloses a monitoring method for the device capable of omnidirectional real-time monitoring of tunnel structure deformation, comprising the following steps:

[0032] S1: Determine the tunnel lining deformation at the location of the non-contact displacement sensor using a three-dimensional spatial locator assembly;

[0033] S2: The first rotating component controls a non-contact displacement sensor to measure the distance in the tunnel cross-section direction; the signal emitted from the non-contact displacement sensor is reflected back to the non-contact displacement sensor after hitting the tunnel wall, and the distance from the non-contact displacement sensor's emission point to the reflection point and the tunnel cross-section diameter D are measured. This data is then transmitted to the control unit to calculate the tunnel convergence value and the arch settlement parameters, using ellipticity = (D...). max -D min ) / D 设计 The ellipticity of the tunnel is calculated by multiplying by 100%, which can then be used to determine whether the tunnel has undergone lateral deformation. Here, D... max D is the maximum diameter of the tunnel cross section; min D is the minimum diameter of the tunnel cross section. 设计 This refers to the design diameter of the tunnel segment.

[0034] Furthermore, the non-contact displacement sensor is a ranging sensor that emits light signals, and also includes a reflective mark set on the surface of the tunnel lining. The reflective mark and the non-contact displacement sensor on the same longitudinal axis are located on both sides of the construction joint, thereby realizing the monitoring of the misalignment of the tunnel lining.

[0035] The second rotating component controls the non-contact displacement sensor to deflect 90° forward and backward around the Z-axis. When the signal emitted by the non-contact displacement sensor encounters a reflective marker placed between two non-contact displacement sensors in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, the optical signal is reflected back to the non-contact displacement sensor receiver. By comparing the distance measured between the non-contact displacement sensor and the reflective marker with the preset installation distance, if the measured distance equals the preset installation distance, there is no misalignment in the tunnel; if the measured distance does not equal the preset installation distance, there is a misalignment in the tunnel.

[0036] Furthermore, it also includes temperature and humidity sensors to monitor temperature changes in the rotating support assembly and the tunnel, as well as humidity inside the tunnel. After transmitting the temperature and humidity data to the control unit, the deformation of the support is reflected by the temperature and the linear expansion coefficient of the rotating support material. The monitoring data is then corrected by combining the temperature deformation and the position monitoring of the three-dimensional spatial locator with the changes in the base point of the non-contact displacement sensor.

[0037] Furthermore, the method by which the first rotating component controls the non-contact displacement sensor to measure the distance in the direction of the tunnel cross section and complete the 90° deflection up and down around the Y-axis is as follows: the first rotating component rotates, and after the tilt sensor detects that the first rotating rod has rotated by an angle β, the control unit controls the first rotating component to stop rotating, the non-contact displacement sensor measures the displacement once, and then the first rotating component is restarted to rotate by an angle β, and the non-contact displacement sensor measures the displacement once more. This process is repeated until the rotation reaches 90°, where -90°≤β≤90°.

[0038] By employing the above technical solutions, the present invention has the following beneficial effects compared to the prior art:

[0039] 1. This invention, by deploying non-contact displacement sensors and a three-dimensional spatial locator, can accurately measure the distance between the sensor location and the measured point. Combined with a remote control system, it can automatically complete the acquisition and analysis of monitoring data. This not only reflects the deformation of the tunnel lining in real time but also enables continuous measurement of tunnel monitoring data. Compared to traditional monitoring methods relying on total stations and surveying instruments, this invention overcomes the limitations of traditional methods that only allow for periodic manual inspections and the problem of untimely data extraction from non-contact displacement sensors under conventional methods. It effectively improves the continuity of monitoring results and real-time monitoring efficiency, saves manpower and resources for tunnel monitoring, and increases the response speed of maintenance personnel to tunnel deformation.

[0040] 2. The non-contact displacement sensor of this invention is fixed with a rotating bracket. By controlling the deflection of the bracket, its ranging range can be adjusted to achieve sweep monitoring in different directions, thereby monitoring tunnel ellipticity and segment misalignment deformation. Simultaneously, three or more non-contact displacement sensors are equidistantly arranged along the tunnel wall on the same cross-section of the tunnel. This enables full-range coverage monitoring of tunnel inner diameter deformation and allows for data cross-verification between adjacent non-contact displacement sensors, providing accurate data support for precisely calculating parameters such as cross-sectional convergence value, ellipticity, diameter, and arch settlement, as well as monitoring overall cross-sectional changes. Compared to existing ranging technologies that only allow fixed-point monitoring, have limited monitoring coverage, and suffer from isolated data lacking verification, this invention effectively improves the reliability and accuracy of monitoring data through the above setup, achieving full-range, full-area coverage monitoring within the tunnel.

[0041] 3. Considering that temperature changes within the tunnel can affect the deformation of the support structure, this invention employs temperature and humidity sensors at the support structure to monitor temperature changes in the tunnel and the rotating support assembly, as well as the tunnel's humidity. Simultaneously, a three-dimensional spatial positioning component monitors changes in the position of the non-contact displacement sensor, determining the relative positions of each sensor point within the tunnel. After data transmission to the control unit, the deformation of the support structure is reflected by temperature and the linear expansion coefficient of the support material, allowing for real-time correction of the measurement results. Compared to traditional monitoring techniques that directly record and collect data, this invention comprehensively considers temperature deformation and the position monitored by the three-dimensional spatial locator to determine changes in the base point of the non-contact displacement sensor. This compensates for the oversight of changes in the base point's position during measurement, avoiding the problem of tunnel lining deformation caused by the non-contact displacement sensor's own temperature changes during use. This effectively reduces measurement errors caused by environmental factors and significantly improves monitoring accuracy.

[0042] 4. Existing laser measurement technologies do not consider the poor optical signal reflectivity caused by differences in the light absorption and smoothness of various materials within the tunnel. In contrast, this invention, by coating the tunnel inner wall with a reflective coating, makes the measurement points more sensitive to optical signal reflection. This optimizes the adaptability of non-contact displacement sensors to measurements on different material surfaces within the tunnel, providing technical support for large-scale, accurate measurements using a rotating support. Simultaneously, non-contact displacement sensors and reflective markers are arranged every 10 m along the tunnel longitudinal direction, on both sides before and after the construction joint. This facilitates the timely detection of lining segment misalignment caused by thermal expansion and contraction, enabling this invention to simultaneously monitor both the tunnel cross-sectional diameter and segment misalignment.

[0043] 5. Compared with the single-direction monitoring function of existing technologies, the present invention integrates full-range monitoring, automatic data acquisition and uploading, continuous monitoring, and data correction and verification functions into a single device, which greatly improves monitoring efficiency and ensures the safety of tunnel operation. Attached Figure Description

[0044] The invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0045] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the rotating support of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 3 This is a diagram showing the arrangement of the non-contact displacement sensor of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 4 This is a flowchart of the control system of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 5 This is a front view of the fixture of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 6 This is a top view of the clamp of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 7 yes Figure 5 AA section view;

[0052] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the mounting base structure of the present invention.

[0053] In the diagram: 11. Control unit; 12. Power supply; 21. Tunnel lining; 22. Reflective coating; 23. Construction joint; 24. Track; 31. Base plate; 32. First fixing block; 33. First rotating rod; 34. First connecting plate; 35. Second fixing block; 36. Second rotating rod; 37. Second connecting plate; 38. Support rod; 39. First motor; 310. Second motor; 41. Non-contact displacement sensor; 42. Tilt sensor; 43. Temperature and humidity sensor; 44. Magnetic field transmitter; 45. Magnetic field receiver; 46. Reflective marker; 47. Clamp; 4701. Clamp base; 4702. Clamping arm; 4703. Metal rod; 4704. Spring; 48. Mounting base. Detailed Implementation

[0054] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the "left" and "right" directions in the following text correspond to the tunnel cross-sectional directions, and the "front" and "rear" directions correspond to the tunnel longitudinal direction.

[0055] like Figures 1-8 As shown, a device for real-time monitoring of tunnel structure deformation in all directions includes a control system component, a tunnel structure component, a rotating support component, and a sensing and monitoring component.

[0056] The control system components include a control unit 11 and a power supply 12. The control unit 11 receives and processes the monitoring information wirelessly transmitted by the sensing and monitoring components, and the power supply 12 provides power to the rotating support assembly and the control unit 11.

[0057] The tunnel structure components include tunnel lining 21, reflective coating 22, construction joint 23, and track 24. The reflective coating 22 is used to smooth the inner wall of the tunnel and reflect the optical signals emitted by the non-contact displacement sensor.

[0058] The rotating support assembly includes a first rotating component, a second rotating component, and a clamp 47. The first rotating component controls the non-contact displacement sensor to rotate around the Y-axis, achieving a 90° left-right deflection along the tunnel cross-section. The second rotating component controls the non-contact displacement sensor to rotate around the Z-axis, achieving a 90° front-back deflection along the tunnel longitudinal direction.

[0059] The first rotating assembly is used to achieve rotation around the Y-axis (corresponding to the tunnel cross-section direction). It includes a mounting base 48, a base plate 31, first fixing blocks 32, a first rotating rod 33, a first connecting plate 34, and a first motor 39. Several mounting bases 48 are fixedly connected to the back of the base plate 31. The base plate 31 can be fixed to the tunnel inner wall by screws passing through the mounting bases 48. Two first fixing blocks 32 are fixed to the base plate 31. The first rotating rod 33 passes through the two first fixing blocks 32. The first connecting plate 34 and the first rotating rod 33 are an integral structure, with a width equal to the distance between the two first fixing blocks 32. The first motor 39 controls the rotation of the first rotating rod 33, thereby driving the first connecting plate 34 to rotate 90° to the left and right.

[0060] The second rotating assembly is used to achieve rotation around the Z-axis (vertical axis, corresponding to the longitudinal pitch of the tunnel). It includes a second fixed block 35, a second rotating rod 36, a second connecting plate 37, a support rod 38, and a second motor 310. The second fixed block 35 is connected and fixed to the first connecting plate 34. A groove is arranged on the side of the second fixed block 35 away from the base plate 31, and the width of the groove is the same as the width of the second connecting plate 37. The second rotating rod 36 is fixed to the second fixed block 35 via the support rod 38. The second connecting plate 37 and the second rotating rod 36 are an integral structure. The second connecting plate 37 is fixedly connected to the fixture base 4701, and a non-contact displacement sensor 41 is mounted on the fixture 47. The second motor 310 controls the rotation of the second rotating rod 36, thereby driving the second connecting plate 37 to rotate around the Z-axis.

[0061] The clamp 47 is used to hold a non-contact displacement sensor. It includes a clamp base 4701, clamping arms 4702, a metal rod 4703, and a spring 4704. The clamp base 4701 has internal channels for the metal rod 4703 and spring 4704 to pass through. The spring 4704 is entirely located inside the clamp base 4701, with both ends fixedly connected to the two metal rods 4703. The sides of the metal rods 4703 are slidably connected to the clamp base 4701, with one end fixedly connected to the spring 4704 and the other end fixedly connected to the clamp base 4701. By pulling the clamping arms 4702 on both sides of the clamp base 4701, the extension and retraction of the springs 4703 are controlled, thereby enabling the clamp 47 to release and clamp the non-contact displacement sensor 41.

[0062] The sensing and monitoring component includes:

[0063] Non-contact displacement sensors: preferably laser displacement sensors, which emit optical signals and receive signals reflected from the tunnel wall or reflectors to calculate distance. At least three such sensors are arranged at equal intervals on the same cross-section of the tunnel, with their scanning ranges overlapping to form redundant monitoring.

[0064] Tilt sensor 42: mounted on the first rotating rod 33 or the first connecting plate 34, used to measure the deflection angle of the first rotating component in real time and with high precision, and to feed the angle signal back to the control unit 11 to realize step-by-step scanning control.

[0065] Temperature and humidity sensor 43: Used to monitor temperature and humidity data in the tunnel environment and near the rotating support, providing a basis for thermal deformation compensation.

[0066] The three-dimensional spatial locator assembly includes a magnetic field transmitter 44 fixed to the top inner side of the tunnel lining 21 and a magnetic field receiver 45 installed on the side of the first fixed block 32. By monitoring the change in the magnetic field signal of the magnetic field receiver 45 relative to the transmitter 44, the three-dimensional position displacement data of the sensor base point can be obtained.

[0067] Reflective target 46: Fixed to the surface of the tunnel lining 21 by adhesive bonding, usually arranged in pairs on both sides of the construction joint 23, and located at the same height as the longitudinally adjacent non-contact displacement sensor 41. Its function is as a dedicated optical target for accurately monitoring the misalignment displacement of tunnel segments.

[0068] The non-contact displacement sensor is fixed to the inner wall of the tunnel via a rotating bracket assembly, which controls the sensor to rotate laterally and longitudinally along the tunnel. Furthermore, three or more non-contact displacement sensors are evenly spaced along the tunnel perimeter on the same cross-section of the tunnel, enabling omnidirectional measurement of tunnel ellipticity and segment misalignment displacement to determine tunnel deformation.

[0069] In this embodiment, the tilt sensor 42 controls the deflection angle of the first rotating rod 33. After rotating 1°, the first motor 39 stops, the non-contact displacement sensor measures the displacement once, and then the first motor 39 is restarted. The tilt sensor 42 controls the first rotating rod 33 to rotate another 1°, and this process is repeated.

[0070] The reflector 46 can be used on both sides to reflect the optical signals emitted by the non-contact displacement sensor, and its center height is the same as that of the non-contact displacement sensor. The reflector 46 is bonded and fixed to the tunnel lining wall with adhesive and is arranged between two non-contact displacement sensors in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel. When the non-contact displacement sensor measures the longitudinal misalignment displacement, the optical signal emitted to the reflector 46 is reflected.

[0071] In this embodiment, the reflector 46 and the non-contact displacement sensor on the same longitudinal axis are located on both sides of the construction joint 23, thereby enabling the monitoring of misalignment of the tunnel lining.

[0072] The temperature and humidity sensor 43 is used to monitor the temperature changes of the tunnel and the rotating support assembly, as well as the humidity inside the tunnel. After transmitting the data to the control unit 11, the deformation of the support is reflected by the temperature and the linear expansion coefficient of the support material.

[0073] The three-dimensional spatial locator assembly includes a magnetic field transmitter 44 and a magnetic field receiver 45. The magnetic field transmitter 44 is arranged at the top inner side of the tunnel lining 21, and the magnetic field receiver 45 is arranged on the side of the first fixed block 32. A magnetic field is emitted from the location of the magnetic field transmitter 44 as a base point. After receiving the magnetic field signal, the magnetic field receiver 45 wirelessly transmits the position information to the control unit 11. Based on the transmitted position information, it can be determined whether the fixed positions of the rotating support assembly and the non-contact displacement sensor have changed, and thus whether the tunnel lining at their respective locations has deformed.

[0074] The monitoring steps of the device for real-time monitoring of tunnel structure deformation according to the present invention are as follows:

[0075] The tunnel structural components include tunnel lining 21, reflective coating 22, construction joint 23, and track 24. A rotating support assembly is fixed to the tunnel wall via four hanging points, and a non-contact displacement sensor is fixed to the rotating support assembly. A magnetic field transmitter 44 is positioned at the top inner side of the tunnel lining 21, and a magnetic field receiver 45 is positioned on one side of the first fixing block 32.

[0076] 1. Initial Installation and Calibration: Install the device at the selected section of the tunnel. After startup, the three-dimensional spatial locator component operates first, recording the initial position coordinates of the magnetic field receiver 45, which serves as the spatial reference for all subsequent measurements.

[0077] 2. Cross-section scanning and ellipticity calculation: The first rotating component controls the non-contact displacement sensor to measure the lateral distance of the tunnel, while the second rotating component is in its initial state. The first rotating component's startup steps are as follows: The first motor 39 is started to rotate the first rotating rod 33. After the tilt sensor 42 controls the first rotating rod 33 to rotate 1°, the first motor 39 stops. The non-contact displacement sensor 41 measures the displacement once. Then, the first motor 39 is started again, and the tilt sensor 42 controls the first rotating rod 33 to rotate another 1°. This process is repeated. The first rotating rod 33 and the first connecting plate 34 are an integral structure, thereby driving the first connecting plate 34 to complete its rotation, ultimately causing the non-contact displacement sensor to complete a 90° upward and downward deflection around the Y-axis. The optical signal emitted from the non-contact displacement sensor is reflected back to the non-contact displacement sensor receiver after being emitted by the reflective coating 22. Data such as the distance from the non-contact displacement sensor's emission point to the reflection point and the tunnel cross-section diameter D can be measured and transmitted to the control unit 11 for analysis, calculating parameters such as tunnel convergence value and arch settlement. By analyzing the area swept by the non-contact displacement sensor, the maximum diameter D of the tunnel cross-section can be determined. max Minimum diameter D min , from ellipticity = (D max -D min ) / D 设计 The ellipticity of the tunnel is calculated by multiplying by 100%, and this index can then be used to determine whether the tunnel has deformed.

[0078] Because the non-contact displacement sensors on the same tunnel cross section are equidistantly distributed, and the sweep ranges of each sensor overlap, a redundant acquisition mode of "same monitoring target → multiple sensors simultaneously collecting data" is formed. The measurement data from all sensors are transmitted to the control unit for logical verification of the associated parameters. For example, if non-contact displacement sensor A measures the tunnel cross section diameter D1 = 6.000m, non-contact displacement sensor B measures the same tunnel cross section diameter D2 = 6.002m, and non-contact displacement sensor C measures the same tunnel cross section diameter D3 = 5.999m, and the data for D1, D2, and D3 are similar and the deviation is within the relevant specification requirements, then the acquired data has been verified as reliable. If a non-contact displacement sensor measures D4 = 3.200m, which logically conflicts with the data from other sensors, it indicates that the non-contact displacement sensor may be faulty or subject to environmental interference, and the data in that case is discarded.

[0079] 3. Longitudinal Misalignment Monitoring: After the second rotating component completes a 90° forward and backward rotation around the Z-axis and returns to its initial position, the first motor 39 is turned off, and the second motor 310 is started. The second rotating rod 36 begins to rotate. The second connecting plate 37 and the second rotating rod 36 are an integral structure, thereby driving the second connecting plate 37 to rotate, ultimately causing the non-contact displacement sensor to complete a 90° left and right deflection around the Z-axis. When the optical signal emitted by the non-contact displacement sensor encounters the reflector 46 arranged between two non-contact displacement sensors in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, the optical signal is reflected back to the non-contact displacement sensor receiver. By comparing the distance measured by the optical signal between the non-contact displacement sensor and the reflector 46 with the preset installation distance, it is determined whether there is a segment misalignment problem in the tunnel.

[0080] 4. Data Integration, Processing, and Correction: Temperature and humidity sensor 43 monitors temperature changes in the tunnel and rotating support assembly, as well as humidity within the tunnel. After transmitting the data to control unit 11, the deformation of the support is reflected by temperature and the linear expansion coefficient α of the support material: the deformation of the support at the base point is calculated as ΔL = L0 × α × ΔT. The changes in the base point of the non-contact displacement sensor 41 are determined by combining temperature deformation and the monitoring position of the three-dimensional spatial locator, thereby correcting the monitoring data.

[0081] Based on the above-described preferred embodiments of the present invention, and through the foregoing description, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the inventive concept. The technical scope of this invention is not limited to the contents of the specification, but must be determined according to the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A device capable of real-time monitoring of tunnel structural deformation from all directions, characterized in that, include: Multiple non-contact displacement sensors are fixed to the tunnel wall by rotating bracket assemblies. The multiple non-contact displacement sensors are equidistantly arranged along the tunnel wall on the same cross section of the tunnel, and the sweeping ranges of every two non-contact displacement sensors overlap. The rotating support assembly includes a first rotating component and a second rotating component. The first rotating component is used to drive the non-contact displacement sensor to rotate around the Y-axis to measure the displacement in the direction of the tunnel cross section. The second rotating component is used to drive the non-contact displacement sensor to rotate around the Z-axis to measure the displacement in the direction of the tunnel axial direction. A three-dimensional spatial locator component is used to acquire the position data of the non-contact displacement sensor in real time; An inclinometer is used to acquire the rotation angle of the first rotating mechanism; The control unit has its signal input terminal connected to the non-contact displacement sensor, the three-dimensional spatial locator assembly, and the tilt sensor, and its signal output terminal connected to the first rotating assembly and the second rotating assembly.

2. The device for real-time monitoring of tunnel structural deformation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rotating support assembly includes: The first rotating component includes: The base plate is fixed to the inner wall of the tunnel by mounting brackets; The first fixing block is fixed to the base plate; The first rotating rod is placed horizontally along the Y-axis, and its rod body passes through the corresponding shaft hole on the first fixed block; The first motor has its output shaft fixedly connected to one end of the first rotating rod; The second rotating component includes: The second fixing block has one side connected to the first rotating rod via the first connecting plate, and the other side has a vertical groove. The support rod is fixed at both ends to the walls on both sides of the groove of the second fixing block and spans across the groove. The second rotating rod is placed vertically along the Z-axis, passes through the bearing or shaft hole in the middle of the support rod, and is supported by it, and can rotate freely around its own axis. The second connecting plate is fixedly connected to the second rotating rod; The second motor has its output shaft connected to one end of the second rotating rod; The clamp is fixedly connected to the free end of the second connecting plate via the clamp base; The non-contact displacement sensor is held in the fixture.

3. The device for real-time monitoring of tunnel structural deformation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The non-contact displacement sensor is a ranging sensor that emits light signals, and the inner wall of the tunnel is provided with a reflective coating.

4. The device for real-time monitoring of tunnel structural deformation according to claim 3, characterized in that, It also includes reflective markings set on the surface of the tunnel lining. The reflective markings and the non-contact displacement sensors on the same longitudinal axis are located on both sides of the construction joint, thereby enabling the monitoring of misalignment of the tunnel lining.

5. The device for real-time monitoring of tunnel structure deformation in all directions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The three-dimensional spatial locator assembly includes a magnetic field transmitter arranged at the top of the inner side of the tunnel lining and a magnetic field receiver arranged on the rotating support assembly. The deformation of the tunnel lining is determined by monitoring the position change of the magnetic field receiver.

6. The device for real-time monitoring of tunnel structural deformation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The non-contact displacement sensors are arranged at equal intervals along the perimeter of the tunnel sidewall, with three or more units, thereby enabling all-round measurement of the tunnel ellipticity and segment misalignment displacement to determine the tunnel deformation.

7. The monitoring method of the device for realizing all-round real-time monitoring of tunnel structure deformation according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Determine the tunnel lining deformation at the location of the non-contact displacement sensor using a three-dimensional spatial locator assembly; S2: The first rotating component controls a non-contact displacement sensor to measure the distance in the tunnel cross-section direction; the signal emitted from the non-contact displacement sensor is reflected back to the non-contact displacement sensor receiver after hitting the tunnel wall, and the distance from the non-contact displacement sensor emission point to the reflection point and the tunnel cross-section diameter D are measured. This data is then transmitted to the control unit to calculate the tunnel convergence value and the arch settlement parameters, using ellipticity = (D...). max -D min ) / D 设计 The ellipticity of the tunnel is calculated by multiplying by 100%, which can then be used to determine whether the tunnel has undergone lateral deformation. Here, D... max D is the maximum diameter of the tunnel cross-section; min D is the minimum diameter of the tunnel cross-section. 设计 This refers to the design diameter of the tunnel segment.

8. The monitoring method of the device for realizing all-round real-time monitoring of tunnel structure deformation according to claim 7, characterized in that, The non-contact displacement sensor is a distance sensor that emits light signals. It also includes a reflective mark set on the surface of the tunnel lining. The reflective mark and the non-contact displacement sensor on the same longitudinal axis are located on both sides of the construction joint (23), thereby realizing the monitoring of the misalignment of the tunnel lining. The second rotating component controls the non-contact displacement sensor to deflect 90° forward and backward around the Z-axis. When the signal emitted by the non-contact displacement sensor encounters a reflective marker placed between two non-contact displacement sensors in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, the optical signal is reflected back to the non-contact displacement sensor. By comparing the distance measured between the optical signal of the non-contact displacement sensor and the reflective marker with the preset installation distance, if the measured distance and the preset installation distance are equal, there is no misalignment in the tunnel; if the measured distance and the preset installation distance are not equal, there is a misalignment in the tunnel.

9. The monitoring method of the device for realizing all-round real-time monitoring of tunnel structure deformation according to claim 7, characterized in that, It also includes temperature and humidity sensors to monitor temperature changes in the rotating support assembly and the tunnel, as well as humidity inside the tunnel. After transmitting the temperature and humidity data to the control unit, the deformation of the support is reflected by the temperature and the linear expansion coefficient of the rotating support material. The changes in the base point of the non-contact displacement sensor are determined by combining the temperature deformation and the position monitored by the three-dimensional spatial locator, thereby correcting the monitoring data.

10. The monitoring method of the device for realizing all-round real-time monitoring of tunnel structure deformation according to claim 8, characterized in that, The method by which the first rotating component controls the non-contact displacement sensor to measure the distance in the direction of the tunnel cross section and completes the 90° deflection up and down around the Y-axis is as follows: the first rotating component rotates, and after the tilt sensor detects that the first rotating rod has rotated by an angle β, the control unit controls the first rotating component to stop rotating. The non-contact displacement sensor measures the displacement once, and then the first rotating component is restarted to rotate by an angle β. The non-contact displacement sensor measures the displacement once more. This process is repeated until the rotation reaches 90°, where -90°≤β≤90°.

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