A ground base station multi-faceted array antenna design applied to low altitude airspace communication

Abstract

The application discloses a ground base station multi-surface array antenna design applied to low-altitude airspace communication and belongs to the technical field of low-altitude communication antennas. The antenna adopts five-surface directional array surface combination, the beam width of a single array surface is 60 degrees, and full airspace coverage is realized through cooperation of two groups of three-surface arrays; a single surface adopts 8*2 microstrip array, dual-polarization orthogonal design and Wilkinson power division feeding, covers 4G / 5G mainstream frequency bands, has a gain of 18dBi, and a communication distance is not less than 5 kilometers. The application solves the problems that a traditional base station has a short coverage distance, is not fully covered, and is difficult to access a public network, has the advantages of full airspace coverage, high gain, long distance, low cost and low power consumption, is suitable for scenes such as low-altitude supervision, unmanned aerial vehicles and low-altitude logistics, and can be widely used in deployment of new-generation low-altitude communication ground base stations.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of low-altitude communication and antenna technology, specifically relating to a ground base station multi-array antenna design for low-altitude airspace communication, which is particularly suitable for ground base station antennas in scenarios such as low-altitude aircraft communication, low-altitude surveillance, UAV data backhaul, low-altitude logistics, and security rescue. Background Technology

[0002] Low-altitude communication networks rely on the integrated application of wireless networking, satellite relay, and mobile communication technologies to achieve real-time monitoring and data transmission of low-altitude aircraft and their onboard sensors, supporting diverse application needs such as low-altitude logistics, inspection, security, and rescue. Currently, the construction of low-altitude communication networks faces the following key technical challenges: Inconsistent communication standards: UAV and manned aircraft manufacturers use different communication frequencies and methods, making direct access to 4G / 5G public networks difficult, resulting in poor human-machine communication; existing 4G / 5G base stations have short air-to-air radiation distances, with 4G base stations covering only about 300 meters and 5G-A base stations about 500 meters, failing to cover the 300-3000 meter low-altitude airspace; traditional base station antennas are single-sided horizontally oriented, unable to achieve full airspace coverage, resulting in coverage blind spots, and gain, beam control, and anti-interference capabilities are insufficient to meet the requirements of low-altitude communication.

[0003] To meet the needs of low-altitude economic development, it is necessary to rebuild a dedicated low-altitude communication network, which requires the redesign of ground base station antennas. Existing antennas cannot simultaneously achieve full airspace coverage, long-distance communication, high gain, low cost, and low power consumption. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a multi-array antenna solution adapted to low-altitude airspace communication. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Purpose of the invention: To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a multi-array antenna design for ground base stations used in low-altitude airspace communication, solving the technical problems of short communication distance, incomplete coverage, difficult access, and high power consumption and cost, and achieving seamless coverage across the entire airspace, high gain, long distance, low cost, and low power consumption for low-altitude communication.

[0005] Technical solution: A multi-faceted array antenna for ground base stations used in low-altitude airspace communication, comprising five directional antenna arrays and a supporting installation structure, with each array working together to achieve full airspace coverage.

[0006] Multi-array overall structure: It adopts a five-array layout, with a horizontal half-power beamwidth of 60°±5° for each directional antenna; arrays 1, 2, and 3 form the first combination, covering the left and right half-space; arrays 4, 2, and 5 form the second combination, covering the back-top-front half-space; the two groups work together to achieve 360° full airspace coverage, with a communication distance of no less than 5 kilometers.

[0007] Single-sided antenna structure: The single-sided antenna adopts an 8×2 rectangular microstrip array with an FR4 epoxy board as the substrate; 8 elements are arranged at equal intervals in the horizontal direction and 2 elements are arranged in the vertical direction; a coaxial probe feeding and Wilkinson power divider feeding network are used to achieve equal amplitude and in-phase feeding; a 45° dual-polarization orthogonal design is adopted, with a shared reflector and independent feeding to reduce polarization crosstalk.

[0008] Frequency bands and electrical performance: Covers 700MHz, 2.6GHz, and 24GHz frequency bands, supports mainstream frequency bands such as 5G n41, and supports 100MHz bandwidth; gain 18dBi, VSWR ≤1.5, polarization isolation ≥30dB, sidelobe level ≤-18dB; vertical half-power beamwidth 10°±2°, suppressing signal leakage and neighboring cell interference.

[0009] Beam and installation adjustment: Supports mechanical angle adjustment ±30° and electric tilt adjustment; dimensions 500mm×200mm×20mm, operating temperature -40℃ to +85℃, suitable for rooftop and tower installation.

[0010] System compatibility: Compatible with next-generation smart mobile base stations that integrate 5G and Wi-Fi 6 / 7, with a transmit power of 30dBm, a directional antenna gain of 17dBi, a communication distance of 2.5-8 kilometers, a download speed of up to 2.2Gbps, power consumption reduced by more than 50 times, and solar power supply.

[0011] Beneficial effects Strong coverage capability: Achieves omnidirectional seamless coverage of the low-altitude airspace from 300 to 3000 meters, eliminating blind spots of traditional antennas; Long communication range: Coverage distance increased to over 5 kilometers, compatible with 4G / 5G multi-band, and can directly access the public network; Excellent performance indicators: high gain, low VSWR, high isolation, low sidelobe, and strong anti-interference and multipath suppression capabilities; Low cost and power consumption: compact structure, mature technology, low batch cost, significantly reduced power consumption, and support for solar-powered deployment; Flexible deployment: easy to install, adjustable angle, suitable for low-altitude communication network construction in various scenarios such as urban areas, suburbs, and the wild.

[0012] Detailed Implementation: The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific implementation methods.

[0013] Unit design: center frequency 2.6GHz, free space wavelength 115mm; FR4 substrate thickness 1.6mm; patch length and width corrected for edge effects; feed point located 1mm below the patch center to achieve 50Ω impedance matching.

[0014] Array arrangement: The horizontal unit spacing is approximately 58mm, and the vertical unit spacing is approximately 93mm; four cascaded 2-way Wilkinson power dividers are used horizontally, and one 2-way Wilkinson power divider is used vertically to ensure equal amplitude and in-phase.

[0015] Assembly and calibration: After antenna assembly, use a network analyzer to calibrate impedance matching to ensure VSWR≤1.5; test radiation pattern, gain, and isolation in an anechoic chamber to ensure performance meets design specifications.

[0016] Workflow: The antenna connects to a new generation of intelligent mobile base stations, with multiple arrays working simultaneously to cover different airspace angles, forming full airspace coverage; the base station provides a stable communication link to low-altitude aircraft with high gain, long distance, and low power consumption.

[0017] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a multi-faceted array antenna for a ground base station used in low-altitude airspace communication according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-faceted array antenna for ground base stations used in low-altitude airspace communication, characterized in that, It includes five directional antenna arrays and supporting mounting structures; the horizontal half-power beamwidth of a single directional antenna is 60±5°, with arrays 1, 2, and 3 forming the first combination covering the left and right 180° airspace, and arrays 4, 2, and 5 forming the second combination covering the back, top, and front 180° airspace, with the two groups working together to achieve 360° full airspace coverage; each antenna uses an 8x2 rectangular microstrip array, with 8 horizontally spaced elements and 2 vertically spaced elements, using a coaxial probe feed and Wilkinson power divider feed network to achieve equal amplitude and in-phase feeding; the antenna covers the 700MHz, 2.6GHz, and 24GHz frequency bands, with a gain ≥18dBi, a voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) ≤1.5, and a communication distance of not less than 5 kilometers.

2. The multi-faceted array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The single-sided antenna substrate is an FR4 epoxy board with a thickness of 1.6 mm and a dielectric constant of 4.4 ± 0.

2.

3. The multi-faceted array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, It adopts a 45° dual-polarization orthogonal design, with polarization isolation ≥30dB and sidelobe level ≤-18dB.

4. The multi-faceted array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vertical half-power beamwidth is 10±2, supporting mechanical angle adjustment ±30° and electronically adjustable downtilt.

5. The multi-faceted array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The antenna has overall dimensions of 500mm x 200mm x 20mm and an operating temperature range of 40°C to +85°C.

6. The multi-faceted array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, It is compatible with smart mobile base stations that integrate 5G and Wi-Fi 6 / 7, with a transmit power of 30dBm, a directional antenna gain of 17dBi, and a coverage distance of 2.58 kilometers.

7. The multi-faceted array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, It supports 100MHz bandwidth in the 5G n41 band and is compatible with 4G / 5G NSA / SA full-band access.

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