An overall arrangement of a pure electric tractor

Abstract

This invention discloses a general layout structure for a pure electric tractor in the field of pure electric vehicle structure, comprising: an electronic control system, including a vehicle controller, a battery management system, a three-in-one controller, and a motor controller; a cooling system; a drive system, including a drive motor and the motor controller; an axle system; a power system, including a power battery pack and the battery management system; a steering system; a braking system; and a suspension system. The general layout structure for the pure electric tractor provided by this invention integrates the drive motor directly inside the wheel of the drive axle, reducing the intermediate structures of traditional vehicles and thus effectively improving energy transfer efficiency. By employing a series connection between systems and components, the overall structure achieves lighter weight and simplification compared to traditional vehicle connection methods.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of pure electric vehicle structure, and more particularly to a general layout structure for a pure electric tractor. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, new energy heavy trucks are mainly based on traditional fuel vehicle platforms, using a fuel-to-electric conversion solution. They employ a structure of central motor + gearbox + drive shaft + drive axle. This structure suffers from application pain points such as structural complexity, poor comfort, excessive weight, and low transmission efficiency. Comfort is not ideal, the transmission system has many components, and there is noise during power transmission. The degree of lightweighting is not high; under the existing power transmission mode, the degree of lightweighting is limited without disruptive innovation. The transmission efficiency is not high enough; power transmission components such as gearboxes and drive shafts inevitably affect the system's transmission efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a general layout structure for a pure electric tractor, which is simple in structure, has few transmission components, and provides stable transmission.

[0004] To solve the above technical problems, the following technical solution is adopted: This invention provides an overall layout structure for a pure electric tractor, comprising: The electronic control system includes a vehicle controller, a battery management system, a three-in-one controller, and a motor controller. The vehicle controller, battery management system, three-in-one controller, and motor controller are connected via a CAN bus. The cooling system includes a drive axle radiator and a battery radiator, both of which are connected to the vehicle controller via a CAN bus. A drive system, including a drive motor, wherein the motor controller controls the output mode of the drive motor; The axle system includes wheels and a drive axle, wherein the drive motor and the motor controller are integrated inside the wheels; The power system includes a power battery pack, which outputs energy to the outside through a power distribution box, and the battery management system controls the energy management of the power battery pack. The steering system includes a power steering pump and an electro-hydraulic steering gear. The power steering pump is connected in series with the three-in-one controller, and the power steering pump is connected to and drives the electro-hydraulic steering gear. The braking system includes a mechanical brake and a drive motor braking module. The mechanical brake uses an air compressor to provide braking air for air pressure braking. The air compressor is connected in series with the three-in-one controller. The drive motor braking module is connected to the vehicle controller via a CAN bus. The suspension system includes an airbag suspension and an airbag suspension controller. The airbag suspension controller is connected to the vehicle controller via a CAN bus and connects to and drives the airbag suspension.

[0005] Optionally, the drive axle radiator is a front-end heat dissipation module, and the battery radiator is a battery heat dissipation unit; control commands are sent to the CAN bus through the vehicle controller, and the drive axle radiator and the battery radiator receive and execute the corresponding control commands to achieve heat dissipation of the drive axle and the battery.

[0006] Optionally, the power battery pack is connected in series with the power distribution box, and the power distribution box is connected in series with the three-in-one controller; the three-in-one controller is connected in series with the auxiliary power module, and the auxiliary power module includes the power steering pump, the air compressor and the battery; The battery provides power to the low-voltage accessories; The power distribution box is connected in series with the PDU controller, and the PDU controller is connected in series with the motor controller.

[0007] Optionally, two PDU controllers are provided. The drive axle includes a rear drive axle and a middle drive axle. One PDU controller is located between the drive motor on the rear drive axle and the power distribution box, and the other PDU controller is located between the drive motor on the middle drive axle and the power distribution box. The PDU controller is used for power distribution to the motor controllers within the drive axle.

[0008] Optionally, the power battery pack includes a left power battery pack and a right power battery pack, which are connected in series to provide power to the vehicle and the power distribution box and the three-in-one controller distribute energy to various systems.

[0009] Optionally, the three-in-one controller includes three parts: a power steering pump DCAC, an air compressor DCAC, and a DC-DC converter. The power steering pump DCAC is used to convert DC high voltage into AC power and supply power to the power steering pump. The air compressor DCAC is used to convert DC high voltage into AC power and supply power to the air compressor. The DC-DC converter is used to convert high voltage into low voltage and supply power to the low-voltage battery. The low-voltage battery provides power to the low-voltage accessories.

[0010] Optionally, the drive motor is a low-speed, high-torque external rotor motor.

[0011] Optionally, the power distribution box is also connected to the air conditioning compressor, the PTC heating device and the charging port. The power distribution box supplies power to the air conditioning compressor and the PTC heating device, and at the same time receives electrical energy from the charging port and stores it in the power battery pack.

[0012] Optionally, the power battery pack is charged by connecting to a charging gun connected to a charging device via a charging port, and the energy recovered during braking and coasting of the drive motor is stored in the power battery pack.

[0013] Optionally, the power distribution box is connected in series with the PDU controller, and the PDU controller is connected in series with the motor controller; The connection lines between the power distribution box and the power battery pack, the three-in-one controller, the PDU controller, the PTC heating device, the air conditioning compressor, and the charging port, the connection lines between the three-in-one controller and the power steering pump, the air compressor, and the battery, and the connection lines between the PDU controller and the motor controller are all high-voltage wiring harnesses. The vehicle controller, the three-in-one controller, the battery management system, and the motor controller are connected by a low-voltage wiring harness and a shielded twisted-pair CAN bus.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are as follows: The overall layout structure of the pure electric tractor provided by this invention integrates the drive motor directly inside the wheel of the drive axle, reducing the intermediate structure of traditional automobiles and thus effectively improving energy transfer efficiency. Control commands are sent to the CAN bus via the vehicle controller, and each system receives the corresponding control commands on the CAN bus to realize its function. The system employs a series connection between systems and components, resulting in a lighter and simpler overall connection compared to traditional vehicles. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall layout structure of the tractor in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of each system in the embodiments of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the CAN bus structure in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the present invention or its application or use.

[0017] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined with "first," "second," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more. In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0018] Example 1

[0019] This embodiment provides an overall layout structure for a pure electric tractor. It includes an electronic control system, a cooling system, a drive system, an axle system, a power system, a steering system, a braking system, and a suspension system. The electronic control system includes a vehicle controller, a battery management system, a three-in-one controller, and a motor controller. These components are connected via a CAN bus. The vehicle controller sends corresponding control commands to the CAN bus, and the other systems receive these commands to complete their respective functions.

[0020] The cooling system includes a drive axle radiator and a battery radiator. The drive axle radiator and the battery radiator are connected to the CAN bus and perform the heat dissipation function by receiving control commands sent to the CAN bus by the vehicle controller.

[0021] The drive system includes a drive motor, and the motor controller receives control commands from the CAN bus to control the output mode of the drive motor.

[0022] The axle system includes wheels and a drive axle. The wheels are mounted at both ends of the drive axle, which is a hub motor integrated axle structure, meaning that the drive motor and motor controller are both integrated inside the wheels.

[0023] The power system includes a power battery pack, which outputs energy to the outside through a power distribution box, and the battery management system controls the energy management of the power battery pack.

[0024] The steering system includes a power steering pump and an electro-hydraulic steering gear. The power steering pump and the three-in-one controller are connected in series. The power steering pump and the electro-hydraulic steering gear adopt a hydraulic series working mode. The three-in-one controller receives control commands on the CAN bus to control the output of the power steering pump and drive the electro-hydraulic steering gear to achieve the steering function.

[0025] The braking system includes a mechanical brake and a drive motor braking module. The mechanical brake uses an air compressor to supply braking air for pneumatic braking. The air compressor is connected to a three-in-one controller, which receives control commands from the CAN bus to control the output of the air compressor, thereby achieving mechanical braking. The drive motor braking module is connected to the vehicle controller via the CAN bus.

[0026] The suspension system includes an airbag suspension and an airbag suspension controller. The airbag suspension controller is connected to the CAN bus, and the airbag suspension is driven by the airbag suspension controller.

[0027] The overall layout of the pure electric tractor provided in this embodiment is simple. The drive motor is a hub motor, meaning the drive motor is directly integrated inside the wheel of the drive axle, reducing the intermediate structure found in traditional automobiles and thus effectively improving energy transfer efficiency. Control commands are sent to the CAN bus via the vehicle controller, and each system receives the corresponding control commands from the CAN bus to implement its own functions.

[0028] Example 2

[0029] This embodiment provides an overall layout structure for a pure electric tractor based on the previous embodiment.

[0030] The drive axle radiator is a front-end cooling module, and the battery radiator is a battery cooling unit. Both the drive axle radiator and the battery radiator are connected to the CAN bus. When an external event occurs, such as the vehicle climbing a hill at high speed or with high torque, the vehicle controller sends the correct control command to the CAN bus. The cooling system receives the corresponding control command and controls the corresponding components to realize the function of cooling the drive axle or the battery.

[0031] The power battery pack is connected in series with the distribution box, which in turn is connected in series with the three-in-one controller, which is then connected in series with the auxiliary power module. The auxiliary power module includes a power steering pump, an air compressor, and a battery. The battery connects to low-voltage accessories within the system, such as headlights, horn, and cameras. The distribution box is connected in series with the PDU controller, which is connected in series with the motor controller. The motor controller is integrated inside the wheel. The electrical energy within the power battery pack is distributed to each system through the three-in-one controller, PDU controller, and distribution box, resulting in a simple structure.

[0032] The three-in-one controller includes three parts: a power steering pump DCAC, an air compressor DCAC, and a DC-DC converter. The power steering pump DCAC is used to convert DC high voltage into AC power and supply power to the power steering pump. The air compressor DCAC is used to convert DC high voltage into AC power and supply power to the air compressor. The DC-DC converter is used to convert high voltage into low voltage and supply power to the low-voltage battery. The low-voltage battery provides power to low-voltage accessories.

[0033] like Figure 2 As shown, the power distribution box is also connected to the air conditioning compressor, the PTC heating device (as shown in the PTC heating in the figure), and the charging port. The power distribution box supplies power to the air conditioning compressor and the PTC heating device, and at the same time receives electrical energy from the charging port and stores the electrical energy in the power battery pack.

[0034] The power battery pack includes the left power battery pack (such as...) Figure 1 The left battery pack in the middle) and the right power battery pack (such as Figure 1 The right battery pack (in the middle section) and the left and right power battery packs are connected in series to provide power for the entire vehicle. The power is distributed to each system by a distribution box and a three-in-one controller. The charging port connects to a charging gun connected to an external charging device, such as a charging station. Furthermore, the energy recovered during braking and coasting of the drive motor is stored in the power battery pack.

[0035] like Figure 1 As shown, the overall layout structure of the pure electric tractor provided in this embodiment adopts a dual-drive rear axle drive structure, including a rear drive axle and a middle drive axle. The left and right rear wheels on the rear drive axle, and the left and right middle wheels on the middle drive axle, all integrate drive motors and motor controllers, and the corresponding PDU controllers (such as...) Figure 1 The system has two PDUs: one located between the drive motor and the power distribution box on the rear drive axle, and the other located between the drive motor and the power distribution box on the middle drive axle. The PDU controllers are used for power distribution to the motor controllers within the drive axles. This dual PDU controller configuration enables power distribution to both drive axles, thus providing the necessary driving force for the tractor.

[0036] The drive motor is a low-speed, high-torque external rotor motor, which functions as both a motor and a generator. The motor controller controls the output mode of the drive motor.

[0037] The drive axle adopts a hub motor integrated axle structure, that is, the drive motor is directly integrated inside the wheel. When external events occur, such as acceleration or braking, the vehicle controller sends the correct control commands to the CAN bus. The battery management system, dual PDU controller, three-in-one controller and motor controller receive the corresponding commands and control the corresponding parts to realize the acceleration or braking function.

[0038] like Figure 3 As shown, the vehicle controller, battery management system, three-in-one controller, and motor controller are connected via a CAN bus, and the vehicle controller sends control commands to implement various functions. When external events occur, such as power supply or power failure, the vehicle controller sends the correct control commands to the CAN bus, and the battery management system, three-in-one controller, and motor controller receive the corresponding commands and control the corresponding parts of the vehicle to power on or off.

[0039] like Figure 2 As shown, the power steering pump is connected in series with the three-in-one controller. Through the power steering pump and the electro-hydraulic steering gear, it provides steering assistance when the vehicle is turning, and achieves the purpose of vehicle steering through the steering wheel. The start or stop of the vehicle power steering pump is controlled by CAN communication.

[0040] like Figure 2 As shown, the air compressor is connected in series with the three-in-one controller. The mechanical brake uses the air compressor to provide the braking air source for air pressure braking. When the drive motor brakes, the driver's required braking torque is collected by the analog brake pedal opening. The required braking torque is converted by the vehicle controller and then sent to the CAN bus to send the drive motor braking control command. The drive motor receives and executes the control command on the CAN bus to realize the braking function of the drive motor, thus realizing the dual coupling of mechanical braking and drive motor braking.

[0041] The suspension system includes an airbag suspension and an airbag suspension controller. The airbag suspension acquires the current travel of the airbag suspension through the airbag suspension controller, and sends the current travel to the CAN bus, where it is received and processed by the vehicle controller. The vehicle controller sends corresponding control commands to the CAN bus based on the external environment and the current travel. The airbag suspension controller receives and executes the control commands to complete the adjustment of the suspension height.

[0042] like Figure 1 , Figure 2As shown in the figure, the solid lines between the other structures except the wheels are all high-voltage wiring harnesses. Specifically, the connection lines between the power distribution box and the left power battery pack, right power battery pack, three-in-one controller, PDU controller, PTC heating device, air conditioning compressor, and charging port, the connection lines between the three-in-one controller and the power steering pump, air compressor, and battery, and the connection lines between the PDU controller and the motor controller are all high-voltage wiring harnesses. like Figure 1 The dashed line in the middle is the connection line between the vehicle controller, the three-in-one controller, the battery management system and the motor controller. This connection line uses a low-voltage wiring harness and a shielded twisted pair CAN bus.

[0043] The overall layout structure of the pure electric tractor provided in this embodiment is very simple and easy to implement. It adopts a series connection between various systems and the series connection of various component structures. From an overall analysis, it achieves lightweighting and simplification compared with the connection method of traditional vehicles.

[0044] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A general layout structure for a pure electric tractor, characterized in that, include: The electronic control system includes a vehicle controller, a battery management system, a three-in-one controller, and a motor controller. The vehicle controller, battery management system, three-in-one controller, and motor controller are connected via a CAN bus. The cooling system includes a drive axle radiator and a battery radiator, both of which are connected to the vehicle controller via a CAN bus. A drive system, including a drive motor, wherein the motor controller controls the output mode of the drive motor; The axle system includes wheels and a drive axle, wherein the drive motor and the motor controller are integrated inside the wheels; The power system includes a power battery pack, which outputs energy to the outside through a power distribution box, and the battery management system controls the energy management of the power battery pack. The steering system includes a power steering pump and an electro-hydraulic steering gear. The power steering pump is connected in series with the three-in-one controller, and the power steering pump is connected to and drives the electro-hydraulic steering gear. The braking system includes a mechanical brake and a drive motor braking module. The mechanical brake uses an air compressor to provide braking air for air pressure braking, and the air compressor is connected in series with the three-in-one controller. The drive motor braking module is connected to the vehicle controller via a CAN bus. The suspension system includes an airbag suspension and an airbag suspension controller. The airbag suspension controller is connected to the vehicle controller via a CAN bus and connects to and drives the airbag suspension.

2. The overall layout structure of the pure electric tractor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drive axle radiator is a front-end cooling module, and the battery radiator is a battery cooling unit. Control commands are sent to the CAN bus through the vehicle controller, and the drive axle radiator and the battery radiator receive and execute the corresponding control commands to achieve cooling of the drive axle and the battery.

3. The overall layout structure of the pure electric tractor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power battery pack is connected in series with the power distribution box, and the power distribution box is connected in series with the three-in-one controller; the three-in-one controller is connected in series with the auxiliary power module, and the auxiliary power module includes the power steering pump, the air compressor and the battery; The battery provides power to the low-voltage accessories; The power distribution box is connected in series with the PDU controller, and the PDU controller is connected in series with the motor controller.

4. The overall layout structure of the pure electric tractor according to claim 3, characterized in that, There are two PDU controllers. The drive axle includes a rear drive axle and a middle drive axle. One PDU controller is located between the drive motor on the rear drive axle and the power distribution box, and the other PDU controller is located between the drive motor on the middle drive axle and the power distribution box. The PDU controller is used for power distribution to the motor controllers within the drive axle.

5. The overall layout structure of the pure electric tractor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power battery pack includes a left power battery pack and a right power battery pack, which are connected in series to provide power to the vehicle. The power distribution box and the three-in-one controller distribute energy to various systems.

6. The overall layout structure of the pure electric tractor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The three-in-one controller includes a power steering pump DCAC, an air compressor DCAC, and a DC-DC converter. The power steering pump DCAC is used to convert DC high voltage into AC power and supply power to the power steering pump. The air compressor DCAC is used to convert DC high voltage into AC power and supply power to the air compressor. The DC-DC converter is used to convert high voltage into low voltage and supply power to the low-voltage battery. The low-voltage battery provides power to the low-voltage accessories.

7. The overall layout structure of the pure electric tractor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drive motor is a low-speed, high-torque external rotor motor.

8. The overall layout structure of the pure electric tractor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power distribution box is also connected to the air conditioning compressor, the PTC heating device and the charging port. The power distribution box supplies power to the air conditioning compressor and the PTC heating device, and at the same time receives electrical energy from the charging port and stores it in the power battery pack.

9. The overall layout structure of the pure electric tractor according to claim 8, characterized in that, The power battery pack is charged by connecting to a charging gun connected to a charging device via a charging port. The energy recovered during braking and coasting of the drive motor is stored in the power battery pack.

10. The overall layout structure of the pure electric tractor according to claim 8, characterized in that, The power distribution box is connected in series with the PDU controller, and the PDU controller is connected in series with the motor controller; The connection lines between the power distribution box and the power battery pack, the three-in-one controller, the PDU controller, the PTC heating device, the air conditioning compressor, and the charging port, the connection lines between the three-in-one controller and the power steering pump, the air compressor, and the battery, and the connection lines between the PDU controller and the motor controller are all high-voltage wiring harnesses. The vehicle controller, the three-in-one controller, the battery management system, and the motor controller are connected by a low-voltage wiring harness and a shielded twisted-pair CAN bus.

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